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Witusik-Perkowska M, Głowacka P, Pieczonka AM, Świderska E, Pudlarz A, Rachwalski M, Szymańska J, Zakrzewska M, Jaskólski DJ, Szemraj J. Autophagy Inhibition with Chloroquine Increased Pro-Apoptotic Potential of New Aziridine-Hydrazide Hydrazone Derivatives against Glioblastoma Cells. Cells 2023; 12:1906. [PMID: 37508570 PMCID: PMC10378024 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor therapy escape due to undesired side effects induced by treatment, such as prosurvival autophagy or cellular senescence, is one of the key mechanisms of resistance that eventually leads to tumor dormancy and recurrence. Glioblastoma is the most frequent and practically incurable neoplasm of the central nervous system; thus, new treatment modalities have been investigated to find a solution more effective than the currently applied standards based on temozolomide. The present study examined the newly synthesized compounds of aziridine-hydrazide hydrazone derivatives to determine their antineoplastic potential against glioblastoma cells in vitro. Although the output of our investigation clearly demonstrates their proapoptotic activity, the cytotoxic effect appeared to be blocked by treatment-induced autophagy, the phenomenon also detected in the case of temozolomide action. The addition of an autophagy inhibitor, chloroquine, resulted in a significant increase in apoptosis triggered by the tested compounds, as well as temozolomide. The new aziridine-hydrazide hydrazone derivatives, which present cytotoxic potential against glioblastoma cells comparable to or even higher than that of temozolomide, show promising results and, thus, should be further investigated as antineoplastic agents. Moreover, our findings suggest that the combination of an apoptosis inducer with an autophagy inhibitor could optimize chemotherapeutic efficiency, and the addition of an autophagy inhibitor should be considered as an optional adjunctive therapy minimizing the risk of tumor escape from treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Witusik-Perkowska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Str., 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Pola Głowacka
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Str., 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Adam M Pieczonka
- Department of Organic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Świderska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Str., 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Pudlarz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Str., 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Rachwalski
- Department of Organic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403 Lodz, Poland
| | - Julia Szymańska
- Department of Organic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403 Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zakrzewska
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
| | - Dariusz J Jaskólski
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurooncology, Medical University of Lodz, Barlicki University Hospital, Kopcinskiego 22, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Str., 92-215 Lodz, Poland
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If Artificial In Vitro Microenvironment Can Influence Tumor Drug Resistance Network via Modulation of lncRNA Expression?-Comparative Analysis of Glioblastoma-Derived Cell Culture Models and Initial Tumors In Vivo. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 42:1005-1020. [PMID: 33245508 PMCID: PMC8942942 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00991-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The tumor resistance of glioblastoma cells in vivo is thought to be enhanced by their heterogeneity and plasticity, which are extremely difficult to curb in vitro. The external microenvironment shapes the molecular profile of tumor culture models, thus influencing potential therapy response. Our study examines the expression profile of selected lncRNAs involved in tumor resistance network in three different glioblastoma-derived models commonly utilized for testing drug response in vitro. Differential expression analysis revealed significant divergence in lncRNA profile between parental tumors and tumor-derived cell cultures in vitro, including the following particles: MALAT1, CASC2, H19, TUSC7, XIST, RP11-838N2.4, DLX6-AS1, GLIDR, MIR210HG, SOX2-OT. The examined lncRNAs influence the phenomenon of tumor resistance via their downstream target genes through a variety of processes: multi-drug resistance, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, autophagy, cell proliferation and viability, and DNA repair. A comparison of in vivo and in vitro expression identified differences in the levels of potential lncRNA targets, with the highest discrepancies detected for the MDR1, LRP1, BCRP and MRP1 genes. Co-expression analyses confirmed the following interrelations: MALAT1-TYMS, MALAT1-MRP5, H19-ZEB1, CASC2-VIM, CASC2-N-CAD; they additionally suggest the possibility of MALAT1-BCRP, MALAT1-mTOR and TUSC7-PTEN interconnections in glioblastoma. Although our results clearly demonstrate that the artificial ex vivo microenvironment changes the profile of lncRNAs related to tumor resistance, it is difficult to anticipate the final phenotypic effect, since this phenomenon is a complex one that involves a network of molecular interactions underlying a variety of cellular processes.
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Witusik-Perkowska M, Zakrzewska M, Jaskolski DJ, Liberski PP, Szemraj J. Artificial microenvironment of in vitro glioblastoma cell cultures changes profile of miRNAs related to tumor drug resistance. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:3905-3918. [PMID: 31190889 PMCID: PMC6535444 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s190601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The in vitro environment can influence not only the molecular background of glioblastoma drug-resistance and treatment efficiency, but also the mechanisms and pathways of cell death. Both crucial molecular pathways and the deregulation of miRNAs are thought to participate in tumor therapy-resistance. The aim of our study is to examine the potential influence of ex vivo conditions on the expression of miRNAs engaged in the machinery of tumor-drug resistance, since in vitro models are commonly used for testing new therapeutics. Methods: Glioblastoma-derived cells, cultured under three different sets of conditions, were used as experimental models in vitro. The expression of 84 miRNAs relevant to brain tumorigenesis was evaluated by multi-miRNA profiling for initial tumors and their corresponding cultures. Finally, the expression of selected miRNAs related to temozolomide-resistance (miR-125b, miR-130a, miR-21, miR-221, miR-222, miR-31, miR-149, miR-210, miR-181a) was assessed by real-time PCR for each tumor and neoplastic cells in cultures. Results: Our results demonstrate significant discrepancies in the expression of several miRNAs between tumor cells in vivo and in vitro, with miR-130a, miR-221, miR-31, miR-21, miR-222, miR-210 being the most marked. Also differences were observed between particular models in vitro. The results of computational analysis revealed the interplay between examined miRNAs and their targets involved in processes of glioblastoma chemosensitivity, including the genes relevant to temozolomide response (MGMT, PTEN, MDM2, TP53, BBC3A). Conclusion: The artificial environment may influence the selective proliferation of cell populations carrying specific patterns of miRNAs and/or the phenotype of neoplastic cells (eg differentiation) by the action of molecular events including miRNAs. These phenomena may influence the tumor-responsiveness to particular drugs, disturbing the evaluation of their efficacy in vitro, with unpredictable results caused by the interdependency of molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magdalena Zakrzewska
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Dariusz J Jaskolski
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurooncology, Medical University of Lodz, Barlicki University Hospital, Lodz, Poland
| | - Pawel P Liberski
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Toma M, Witusik-Perkowska M, Szwed M, Stawski R, Szemraj J, Drzewiecka M, Nieborowska-Skorska M, Radek M, Kolasa P, Matlawska-Wasowska K, Sliwinski T, Skorski T. Eradication of LIG4-deficient glioblastoma cells by the combination of PARP inhibitor and alkylating agent. Oncotarget 2018; 9:36867-36877. [PMID: 30627327 PMCID: PMC6305145 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells often accumulate spontaneous and treatment-induced DNA damage i.e. potentially lethal DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Targeting DSB repair mechanisms with specific inhibitors could potentially sensitize cancer cells to the toxic effect of DSBs. Current treatment for glioblastoma includes tumor resection followed by radiotherapy and/or temozolomide (TMZ) - an alkylating agent inducing DNA damage. We hypothesize that combination of PARP inhibitor (PARPi) with TMZ in glioblastoma cells displaying downregulation of DSB repair genes could trigger synthetic lethality. In our study, we observed that PARP inhibitor (BMN673) was able to specifically sensitize DNA ligase 4 (LIG4)-deprived glioblastoma cells to TMZ while normal astrocytes were not affected. LIG4 downregulation resulting in low effectiveness of DNA-PK-mediated non-homologous end-joining (D-NHEJ), which in combination with BMN673 and TMZ resulted in accumulation of lethal DSBs and specific eradication of glioblastoma cells. Restoration of the LIG4 expression caused loss of sensitivity to BMN673+TMZ. In conclusion, PARP inhibitor combined with DNA damage inducing agents can be utilized in patients with glioblastoma displaying defects in D-NHEJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Toma
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Marzena Szwed
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Robert Stawski
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Drzewiecka
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Margaret Nieborowska-Skorska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maciej Radek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Surgery of Spine and Peripheral Nerves, Medical University of Lodz, University Hospital WAM-CSW, Lodz, Poland
| | - Pawel Kolasa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lodz, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Lodz, Poland
- Social Sciences Academy in Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ksenia Matlawska-Wasowska
- Division of Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Tomasz Sliwinski
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Skorski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Witusik-Perkowska M, Zakrzewska M, Sikorska B, Papierz W, Jaskolski DJ, Szemraj J, Liberski PP. Glioblastoma-derived cells in vitro unveil the spectrum of drug resistance capability - comparative study of tumour chemosensitivity in different culture systems. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170058. [PMID: 28522553 PMCID: PMC5964726 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to cancer drugs is a complex phenomenon which could be influenced by in vitro conditions. However, tumour-derived cell cultures are routinely used for studies related to mechanisms of drug responsiveness or the search for new therapeutic approaches. The purpose of our work was to identify the potential differences in drug resistance and response to treatment of glioblastoma with the use of three in vitro models: traditional adherent culture, serum-free spheroid culture and novel adherent serum-free culture.The experimental models were evaluated according to 'stemness state' and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) status, invasion capability and their expression pattern of genes related to the phenomenon of tumour drug resistance. Additionally, the response to drug treatments of three different culture models was compared with regard to the type of cell death.Multi-gene expression profiling revealed differences between examined culture types with regard to the expression pattern of the selected genes. Functionally, the examined genes were related to drug resistance and metabolism, DNA damage and repair and cell cycle control, and included potential therapeutic targets.Cytotoxicity analyses confirmed that environmental factors can influence not only the molecular background of glioblastoma drug-resistance and efficiency of treatment, but also the mechanisms/pathways of cell death, which was reflected by a distinct intensification of apoptosis and autophagy observed in particular culture models. Our results suggest that parallel exploitation of different in vitro experimental models can be used to reveal the spectrum of cancer cell resistance capability, especially regarding intra-heterogeneous glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Witusik-Perkowska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 8/10, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zakrzewska
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 8/10, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Sikorska
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 8/10, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
| | - Wielislaw Papierz
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 8/10, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
| | - Dariusz J Jaskolski
- Department of Neurosurgery and Oncology of Central Nervous System, Medical University of Lodz, Barlicki University Hospital, Kopcińskiego 22, Lodz 90-153, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Pawel P Liberski
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 8/10, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
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Liu X, Madhankumar AB, Miller PA, Duck KA, Hafenstein S, Rizk E, Slagle-Webb B, Sheehan JM, Connor JR, Yang QX. MRI contrast agent for targeting glioma: interleukin-13 labeled liposome encapsulating gadolinium-DTPA. Neuro Oncol 2015; 18:691-9. [PMID: 26519740 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detection of glioma with MRI contrast agent is limited to cases in which the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is compromised as contrast agents cannot cross the BBB. Thus, an early-stage infiltrating tumor is not detectable. Interleukin-13 receptor alpha 2 (IL-13Rα2), which has been shown to be overexpressed in glioma, can be used as a target moiety. We hypothesized that liposomes conjugated with IL-13 and encapsulating MRI contrast agent are capable of passing through an intact BBB and producing MRI contrast with greater sensitivity. METHODS The targeted MRI contrast agent was created by encapsulating Magnevist (Gd-DTPA) into liposomes conjugated with IL-13 and characterized by particle size distribution, cytotoxicity, and MRI relaxivity. MR image intensity was evaluated in the brain in normal mice post injection of Gd-DTPA and IL-13-liposome-Gd-DTPA one day apart. The specificity for glioma detection by IL-13-liposome-Gd-DTPA was demonstrated in an intracranial glioma mouse model and validated histologically. RESULTS The average size of IL-13-liposome-Gd-DTPA was 137 ± 43 nm with relaxivity of 4.0 ± 0.4 L/mmole-s at 7 Tesla. No significant cytotoxicity was observed with MTS assay and serum chemistry in mice. The MRI signal intensity was enhanced up to 15% post injection of IL-13-liposome-Gd-DTPA in normal brain tissue following a similar time course as that for the pituitary gland outside of the BBB. MRI enhanced by IL-13-liposome-Gd-DTPA detected small tumor masses in addition to those seen with Magnevist-enhanced MRI. CONCLUSIONS IL-13-liposome-Gd-DTPA is able to pass through the uncompromised BBB and detect an early stage glioma that cannot be seen with conventional contrast-enhanced MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (X.L., A.B.M., K.A.D., E.R., B.S.-W., J.M.S., J.R.C., Q.X.Y.); Department of Radiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (X.L., P.A.M., Q.X.Y.); Department of Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (S.H.)
| | - Achuthamangalam B Madhankumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (X.L., A.B.M., K.A.D., E.R., B.S.-W., J.M.S., J.R.C., Q.X.Y.); Department of Radiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (X.L., P.A.M., Q.X.Y.); Department of Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (S.H.)
| | - Patti A Miller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (X.L., A.B.M., K.A.D., E.R., B.S.-W., J.M.S., J.R.C., Q.X.Y.); Department of Radiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (X.L., P.A.M., Q.X.Y.); Department of Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (S.H.)
| | - Kari A Duck
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (X.L., A.B.M., K.A.D., E.R., B.S.-W., J.M.S., J.R.C., Q.X.Y.); Department of Radiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (X.L., P.A.M., Q.X.Y.); Department of Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (S.H.)
| | - Susan Hafenstein
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (X.L., A.B.M., K.A.D., E.R., B.S.-W., J.M.S., J.R.C., Q.X.Y.); Department of Radiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (X.L., P.A.M., Q.X.Y.); Department of Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (S.H.)
| | - Elias Rizk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (X.L., A.B.M., K.A.D., E.R., B.S.-W., J.M.S., J.R.C., Q.X.Y.); Department of Radiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (X.L., P.A.M., Q.X.Y.); Department of Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (S.H.)
| | - Becky Slagle-Webb
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (X.L., A.B.M., K.A.D., E.R., B.S.-W., J.M.S., J.R.C., Q.X.Y.); Department of Radiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (X.L., P.A.M., Q.X.Y.); Department of Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (S.H.)
| | - Jonas M Sheehan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (X.L., A.B.M., K.A.D., E.R., B.S.-W., J.M.S., J.R.C., Q.X.Y.); Department of Radiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (X.L., P.A.M., Q.X.Y.); Department of Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (S.H.)
| | - James R Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (X.L., A.B.M., K.A.D., E.R., B.S.-W., J.M.S., J.R.C., Q.X.Y.); Department of Radiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (X.L., P.A.M., Q.X.Y.); Department of Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (S.H.)
| | - Qing X Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (X.L., A.B.M., K.A.D., E.R., B.S.-W., J.M.S., J.R.C., Q.X.Y.); Department of Radiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (X.L., P.A.M., Q.X.Y.); Department of Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (S.H.)
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