1
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Kuziel G, Moore BN, Arendt LM. Obesity and Fibrosis: Setting the Stage for Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112929. [PMID: 37296891 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a rising health concern and is linked to a worsened breast cancer prognosis. Tumor desmoplasia, which is characterized by elevated numbers of cancer-associated fibroblasts and the deposition of fibrillar collagens within the stroma, may contribute to the aggressive clinical behavior of breast cancer in obesity. A major component of the breast is adipose tissue, and fibrotic changes in adipose tissue due to obesity may contribute to breast cancer development and the biology of the resulting tumors. Adipose tissue fibrosis is a consequence of obesity that has multiple sources. Adipocytes and adipose-derived stromal cells secrete extracellular matrix composed of collagen family members and matricellular proteins that are altered by obesity. Adipose tissue also becomes a site of chronic, macrophage-driven inflammation. Macrophages exist as a diverse population within obese adipose tissue and mediate the development of fibrosis through the secretion of growth factors and matricellular proteins and interactions with other stromal cells. While weight loss is recommended to resolve obesity, the long-term effects of weight loss on adipose tissue fibrosis and inflammation within breast tissue are less clear. Increased fibrosis within breast tissue may increase the risk for tumor development as well as promote characteristics associated with tumor aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevra Kuziel
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Brittney N Moore
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Lisa M Arendt
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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2
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Bowers LW, Doerstling SS, Shamsunder MG, Lineberger CG, Rossi EL, Montgomery SA, Coleman MF, Gong W, Parker JS, Howell A, Harvie M, Hursting SD. Reversing the Genomic, Epigenetic, and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer-Enhancing Effects of Obesity. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2022; 15:581-594. [PMID: 35696725 PMCID: PMC9444913 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-22-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The reversibility of the procancer effects of obesity was interrogated in formerly obese C57BL/6 mice that lost weight via a nonrestricted low-fat diet (LFD) or 3 distinct calorie-restricted (CR) regimens (low-fat CR, Mediterranean-style CR, or intermittent CR). These mice, along with continuously obese mice and lean control mice, were orthotopically injected with E0771 cells, a mouse model of triple-negative breast cancer. Tumor weight, systemic cytokines, and incidence of lung metastases were elevated in the continuously obese and nonrestricted LFD mice relative to the 3 CR groups. Gene expression differed between the obese and all CR groups, but not the nonrestricted LFD group, for numerous tumoral genes associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition as well as several genes in the normal mammary tissue associated with hypoxia, reactive oxygen species production, and p53 signaling. A high degree of concordance existed between differentially expressed mammary tissue genes from obese versus all CR mice and a microarray dataset from overweight/obese women randomized to either no intervention or a CR diet. Assessment of differentially methylated regions in mouse mammary tissues revealed that obesity, relative to the 4 weight loss groups, was associated with significant DNA hypermethylation. However, the anticancer effects of the CR interventions were independent of their ability to reverse obesity-associated mammary epigenetic reprogramming. Taken together, these preclinical data showing that the procancer effects of obesity are reversible by various forms of CR diets strongly support translational exploration of restricted dietary patterns for reducing the burden of obesity-associated cancers. PREVENTION RELEVANCE Obesity is an established risk and progression factor for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Given rising global rates of obesity and TNBC, strategies to reduce the burden of obesity-driven TNBC are urgently needed. We report the genomic, epigenetic, and procancer effects of obesity are reversible by various calorie restriction regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura W. Bowers
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Emily L. Rossi
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Montgomery
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael F. Coleman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Weida Gong
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joel S. Parker
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anthony Howell
- Prevent Breast Cancer Research Unit, The Nightingale Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, England,Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, England
| | - Michelle Harvie
- Prevent Breast Cancer Research Unit, The Nightingale Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, England,Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, England
| | - Stephen D. Hursting
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, NC, USA
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3
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Thennavan A, Garcia-Recio S, Liu S, He X, Perou CM. Molecular signatures of in situ to invasive progression for basal-like breast cancers: An integrated mouse model and human DCIS study. NPJ Breast Cancer 2022; 8:83. [PMID: 35851387 PMCID: PMC9293914 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-022-00450-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast is a non-obligate precursor of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) and thus the identification of features that may predict DCIS progression would be of potential clinical value. Experimental mouse models can be used to address this challenge by studying DCIS-to-IDC biology. Here we utilize single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) on the C3Tag genetically engineered mouse model that forms DCIS-like precursor lesions and for which many lesions progress into end-stage basal-like molecular subtype IDC. We also perform bulk RNAseq analysis on 10 human synchronous DCIS-IDC pairs comprised of estrogen receptor (ER) positive and ER-negative subsets and utilize 2 additional public human DCIS data sets for comparison to our mouse model. By identifying malignant cells using inferred DNA copy number changes from the murine C3Tag scRNAseq data, we show the existence of cancer cells within the C3Tag pre-DCIS, DCIS, and IDC-like tumor specimens. These cancer cells were further classified into proliferative, hypoxic, and inflammatory subpopulations, which change in frequency in DCIS versus IDC. The C3Tag tumor progression model was also associated with increase in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and decrease in activated T cells in IDC. Importantly, we translate the C3Tag murine genomic findings into human DCIS where we find common features only with human basal-like DCIS, suggesting there are intrinsic subtype unique DCIS features. This study identifies several tumor and microenvironmental features associated with DCIS progression and may also provide genomic signatures that can identify progression-prone DCIS within the context of human basal-like breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aatish Thennavan
- Oral and Craniofacial Biomedicine Program, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Susana Garcia-Recio
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Siyao Liu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Xiaping He
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Charles M Perou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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4
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Sipe LM, Chaib M, Korba EB, Jo H, Lovely MC, Counts BR, Tanveer U, Holt JR, Clements JC, John NA, Daria D, Marion TN, Bohm MS, Sekhri R, Pingili AK, Teng B, Carson JA, Hayes DN, Davis MJ, Cook KL, Pierre JF, Makowski L. Response to immune checkpoint blockade improved in pre-clinical model of breast cancer after bariatric surgery. eLife 2022; 11:79143. [PMID: 35775614 PMCID: PMC9342954 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery is a sustainable weight loss approach, including vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG). Obesity exacerbates tumor growth, while diet-induced weight loss impairs progression. It remains unknown how bariatric surgery-induced weight loss impacts cancer progression or alters response to therapy. Using a pre-clinical model of obesity followed by VSG or diet-induced weight loss, breast cancer progression and immune checkpoint blockade therapy were investigated. Weight loss by VSG or weight-matched dietary intervention before tumor engraftment protected against obesity-exacerbated tumor progression. However, VSG was not as effective as diet in reducing tumor burden despite achieving similar weight and adiposity loss. Leptin did not associate with changes in tumor burden; however, circulating IL-6 was elevated in VSG mice. Uniquely, VSG tumors displayed elevated inflammation and immune checkpoint ligand PD-L1+ myeloid and non-immune cells. VSG tumors also had reduced T lymphocytes and markers of cytolysis, suggesting an ineffective anti-tumor microenvironment which prompted investigation of immune checkpoint blockade. While obese mice were resistant to immune checkpoint blockade, anti-PD-L1 potently impaired tumor progression after VSG through improved anti-tumor immunity. Thus, in formerly obese mice, surgical weight loss followed by immunotherapy reduced breast cancer burden. Finally, we compared transcriptomic changes in adipose tissue after bariatric surgery from patients and mouse models. A conserved bariatric surgery-associated weight loss signature (BSAS) was identified which significantly associated with decreased tumor volume. Findings demonstrate conserved impacts of obesity and bariatric surgery-induced weight loss pathways associated with breast cancer progression. As the number of people classified as obese rises globally, so do obesity-related health risks. Studies show that people diagnosed with obesity have inflammation that contributes to tumor growth and their immune system is worse at detecting cancer cells. But weight loss is not currently used as a strategy for preventing or treating cancer. Surgical procedures for weight loss, also known as ‘bariatric surgeries’, are becoming increasingly popular. Recent studies have shown that individuals who lose weight after these treatments have a reduced risk of developing tumors. But how bariatric surgery directly impacts cancer progression has not been well studied: does it slow tumor growth or boost the anti-tumor immune response? To answer these questions, Sipe et al. compared breast tumor growth in groups of laboratory mice that were obese due to being fed a high fat diet. The first group of mice lost weight after undergoing a bariatric surgery in which part of their stomach was removed. The second lost the same amount of weight but after receiving a restricted diet, and the third underwent a fake surgery and did not lose any weight. The experiments found that surgical weight loss cuts breast cancer tumor growth in half compared with obese mice. But mice who lost the same amount of weight through dietary restrictions had even less tumor growth than surgically treated mice. The surgically treated mice who lost weight had more inflammation than mice in the two other groups, and had increased amounts of proteins and cells that block the immune response to tumors. Giving the surgically treated mice a drug that enhances the immune system’s ability to detect and destroy cancer cells reduced inflammation and helped shrink the mice’s tumors. Finally, Sipe et al. identified 54 genes which were turned on or off after bariatric surgery in both mice and humans, 11 of which were linked with tumor size. These findings provide crucial new information about how bariatric surgery can impact cancer progression. Future studies could potentially use the conserved genes identified by Sipe et al. to develop new ways to stimulate the anti-cancer benefits of weight loss without surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Sipe
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Mehdi Chaib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Emily B Korba
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Heejoon Jo
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Mary Camille Lovely
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Brittany R Counts
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Ubaid Tanveer
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Jeremiah R Holt
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Jared C Clements
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Neena A John
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Deidre Daria
- Office of Vice Chancellor for Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Tony N Marion
- Office of Vice Chancellor for Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Margaret S Bohm
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Radhika Sekhri
- Department of Pathology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Ajeeth K Pingili
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Bin Teng
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - James A Carson
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - D Neil Hayes
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Matthew J Davis
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Katherine L Cook
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, United States
| | - Joseph F Pierre
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Liza Makowski
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
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5
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Lee H. Obesity-Associated Cancers: Evidence from Studies in Mouse Models. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091472. [PMID: 35563777 PMCID: PMC9102145 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, one of the major problems in modern human society, is correlated with various diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In particular, epidemiological and experimental evidence indicates that obesity is closely linked to at least 13 different types of cancer. The mechanisms that potentially explain the link between obesity and cancer include hyperactivation of the IGF pathway, metabolic dysregulation, dysfunctional angiogenesis, chronic inflammation, and interaction between pro-inflammatory cytokines, endocrine hormones, and adipokines. However, how the largely uniform morbidity of obesity leads to different types of cancer still needs to be investigated. To study the link between obesity and cancer, researchers have commonly used preclinical animal models, particularly mouse models. These models include monogenic models of obesity (e.g., ob/ob and db/db mice) and genetically modified mouse models of human cancers (e.g., Kras-driven pancreatic cancer, Apc-mutated colorectal cancer, and Her2/neu-overexpressing breast cancer). The experimental results obtained using these mouse models revealed strong evidence of a link between obesity and cancer and suggested their underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Lee
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; ; Tel.: +82-31-920-2274; Fax: +82-31-920-2279
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
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6
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Bohm MS, Sipe LM, Pye ME, Davis MJ, Pierre JF, Makowski L. The role of obesity and bariatric surgery-induced weight loss in breast cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:673-695. [PMID: 35870055 PMCID: PMC9470652 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a complex metabolic condition considered a worldwide public health crisis, and a deeper mechanistic understanding of obesity-associated diseases is urgently needed. Obesity comorbidities include many associated cancers and are estimated to account for 20% of female cancer deaths in the USA. Breast cancer, in particular, is associated with obesity and is the focus of this review. The exact causal links between obesity and breast cancer remain unclear. Still, interactions have emerged between body mass index, tumor molecular subtype, genetic background, and environmental factors that strongly suggest obesity influences the risk and progression of certain breast cancers. Supportive preclinical research uses various diet-induced obesity models to demonstrate that weight loss, via dietary interventions or changes in energy expenditure, reduces the onset or progression of breast cancers. Ongoing and future studies are now aimed at elucidating the underpinning mechanisms behind weight-loss-driven observations to improve therapy and outcomes in patients with breast cancer and reduce risk. This review aims to summarize the rapidly emerging literature on obesity and weight loss strategies with a focused discussion of bariatric surgery in both clinical and preclinical studies detailing the complex interactions between metabolism, immune response, and immunotherapy in the setting of obesity and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret S. Bohm
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Laura M. Sipe
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Madeline E. Pye
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Matthew J. Davis
- Division of Bariatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Joseph F. Pierre
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163 USA ,Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Liza Makowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163 USA ,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163 USA ,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163 USA ,College of Medicine, UTHSC Center for Cancer Research, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Cancer Research Building Room 322, 19 S Manassas Street, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
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7
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Abstract
This Review focuses on the mechanistic evidence for a link between obesity, dysregulated cellular metabolism and breast cancer. Strong evidence now links obesity with the development of 13 different types of cancer, including oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. A number of local and systemic changes are hypothesized to support this relationship, including increased circulating levels of insulin and glucose as well as adipose tissue-derived oestrogens, adipokines and inflammatory mediators. Metabolic pathways of energy production and utilization are dysregulated in tumour cells and this dysregulation is a newly accepted hallmark of cancer. Dysregulated metabolism is also hypothesized to be a feature of non-neoplastic cells in the tumour microenvironment. Obesity-associated factors regulate metabolic pathways in both breast cancer cells and cells in the breast microenvironment, which provides a molecular link between obesity and breast cancer. Consequently, interventions that target these pathways might provide a benefit in postmenopausal women and individuals with obesity, a population at high risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy A Brown
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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8
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Sipe LM, Chaib M, Pingili AK, Pierre JF, Makowski L. Microbiome, bile acids, and obesity: How microbially modified metabolites shape anti-tumor immunity. Immunol Rev 2020; 295:220-239. [PMID: 32320071 PMCID: PMC7841960 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are known facilitators of nutrient absorption but recent paradigm shifts now recognize BAs as signaling molecules regulating both innate and adaptive immunity. Bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver with subsequent microbial modification and fermentation adding complexity to pool composition. Bile acids act on several receptors such as Farnesoid X Receptor and the G protein-coupled BA receptor 1 (TGR5). Interestingly, BA receptors (BARs) are expressed on immune cells and activation either by BAs or BAR agonists modulates innate and adaptive immune cell populations skewing their polarization toward a more tolerogenic anti-inflammatory phenotype. Intriguingly, recent evidence also suggests that BAs promote anti-tumor immune response through activation and recruitment of tumoricidal immune cells such as natural killer T cells. These exciting findings have redefined BA signaling in health and disease wherein they may suppress inflammation on the one hand, yet promote anti-tumor immunity on the other hand. In this review, we provide our readers with the most recent understanding of the interaction of BAs with the host microbiome, their effect on innate and adaptive immunity in health and disease with a special focus on obesity, bariatric surgery-induced weight loss, and immune checkpoint blockade in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Sipe
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mehdi Chaib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ajeeth K. Pingili
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Joseph F. Pierre
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Liza Makowski
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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9
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Qin Y, Ting F, Kim MJ, Strelnikov J, Harmon J, Gao F, Dose A, Teng BB, Alipour MA, Yao Z, Crooke R, Krauss RM, Medina MW. Phosphatidylinositol-(4,5)-Bisphosphate Regulates Plasma Cholesterol Through LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) Receptor Lysosomal Degradation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:1311-1324. [PMID: 32188273 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE TMEM55B (transmembrane protein 55B) is a phosphatidylinositol-(4,5)-bisphosphate (PI[4,5]P2) phosphatase that regulates cellular cholesterol, modulates LDLR (low-density lipoprotein receptor) decay, and lysosome function. We tested the effects of Tmem55b knockdown on plasma lipids in mice and assessed the roles of LDLR lysosomal degradation and change in (PI[4,5]P2) in mediating these effects. Approach and Results: Western diet-fed C57BL/6J mice were treated with antisense oligonucleotides against Tmem55b or a nontargeting control for 3 to 4 weeks. Hepatic Tmem55b transcript and protein levels were reduced by ≈70%, and plasma non-HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol was increased ≈1.8-fold (P<0.0001). Immunoblot analysis of fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) fractions revealed enrichment of ApoE-containing particles in the LDL size range. In contrast, Tmem55b knockdown had no effect on plasma cholesterol in Ldlr-/- mice. In primary hepatocytes and liver tissues from Tmem55b knockdown mice, there was decreased LDLR protein. In the hepatocytes, there was increased lysosome staining and increased LDLR-lysosome colocalization. Impairment of lysosome function (incubation with NH4Cl or knockdown of the lysosomal proteins LAMP1 or RAB7) abolished the effect of TMEM55B knockdown on LDLR in HepG2 (human hepatoma) cells. Colocalization of the recycling endosome marker RAB11 (Ras-related protein 11) with LDLR in HepG2 cells was reduced by 50% upon TMEM55B knockdown. Finally, knockdown increased hepatic PI(4,5)P2 levels in vivo and in HepG2 cells, while TMEM55B overexpression in vitro decreased PI(4,5)P2. TMEM55B knockdown decreased, whereas overexpression increased, LDL uptake in HepG2 cells. Notably, the TMEM55B overexpression effect was reversed by incubation with PI(4,5)P2. Conclusions: These findings indicate a role for TMEM55B in regulating plasma cholesterol levels by affecting PI(4,5)P2-mediated LDLR lysosomal degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Qin
- From the Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, Oakland (Y.Q., F.T., R.M.K., M.W.M.)
| | - Flora Ting
- From the Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, Oakland (Y.Q., F.T., R.M.K., M.W.M.)
| | - Mee J Kim
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, CA (M.J.K., J.S., J.H., F.G., A.D.)
| | - Jacob Strelnikov
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, CA (M.J.K., J.S., J.H., F.G., A.D.)
| | - Joseph Harmon
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, CA (M.J.K., J.S., J.H., F.G., A.D.)
| | - Feng Gao
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, CA (M.J.K., J.S., J.H., F.G., A.D.)
| | - Andrea Dose
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, CA (M.J.K., J.S., J.H., F.G., A.D.)
| | - Ba-Bie Teng
- Center for Human Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (B.-B.T.)
| | - Mohsen Amir Alipour
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.A.A., Z.Y.)
| | - Zemin Yao
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.A.A., Z.Y.)
| | | | - Ronald M Krauss
- From the Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, Oakland (Y.Q., F.T., R.M.K., M.W.M.)
| | - Marisa W Medina
- From the Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, Oakland (Y.Q., F.T., R.M.K., M.W.M.)
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10
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Dong M, Thennavan A, Urrutia E, Li Y, Perou CM, Zou F, Jiang Y. SCDC: bulk gene expression deconvolution by multiple single-cell RNA sequencing references. Brief Bioinform 2020; 22:416-427. [PMID: 31925417 PMCID: PMC7820884 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbz166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) enable characterization of transcriptomic profiles with single-cell resolution and circumvent averaging artifacts associated with traditional bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data. Here, we propose SCDC, a deconvolution method for bulk RNA-seq that leverages cell-type specific gene expression profiles from multiple scRNA-seq reference datasets. SCDC adopts an ENSEMBLE method to integrate deconvolution results from different scRNA-seq datasets that are produced in different laboratories and at different times, implicitly addressing the problem of batch-effect confounding. SCDC is benchmarked against existing methods using both in silico generated pseudo-bulk samples and experimentally mixed cell lines, whose known cell-type compositions serve as ground truths. We show that SCDC outperforms existing methods with improved accuracy of cell-type decomposition under both settings. To illustrate how the ENSEMBLE framework performs in complex tissues under different scenarios, we further apply our method to a human pancreatic islet dataset and a mouse mammary gland dataset. SCDC returns results that are more consistent with experimental designs and that reproduce more significant associations between cell-type proportions and measured phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fei Zou
- Corresponding authors: Fei Zou and Yuchao Jiang, Department of Biostatistics and Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. ,
| | - Yuchao Jiang
- Corresponding authors: Fei Zou and Yuchao Jiang, Department of Biostatistics and Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. ,
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Cousins EM, Goldfarb D, Yan F, Roques J, Darr D, Johnson GL, Major MB. Competitive Kinase Enrichment Proteomics Reveals that Abemaciclib Inhibits GSK3β and Activates WNT Signaling. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:333-344. [PMID: 29133594 PMCID: PMC5805620 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The cellular and organismal phenotypic response to a small-molecule kinase inhibitor is defined collectively by the inhibitor's targets and their functions. The selectivity of small-molecule kinase inhibitors is commonly determined in vitro, using purified kinases and substrates. Recently, competitive chemical proteomics has emerged as a complementary, unbiased, cell-based methodology to define the target landscape of kinase inhibitors. Here, we evaluated and optimized a competitive multiplexed inhibitor bead mass spectrometry (MIB/MS) platform using cell lysates, live cells, and treated mice. Several clinically active kinase inhibitors were profiled, including trametinib, BMS-777607, dasatinib, abemaciclib, and palbociclib. MIB/MS competition analyses of the cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors abemaciclib and palbociclib revealed overlapping and unique kinase targets. Competitive MIB/MS analysis of abemaciclib revealed 83 target kinases, and dose-response MIB/MS profiling revealed glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha and beta (GSK3α and β) and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II delta and gamma (CAMKIIδ and γ) as the most potently inhibited. Cell-based and in vitro kinase assays show that in contrast to palbociclib, abemaciclib directly inhibits GSK3α/β and CAMKIIγ/δ kinase activity at low nanomolar concentrations. GSK3β phosphorylates β-catenin to suppress WNT signaling, while abemaciclib (but not palbociclib or ribociclib) potently activates β-catenin-dependent WNT signaling. These data illustrate the power of competitive chemical proteomics to define kinase target specificities for kinase inhibitors, thus informing clinical efficacy, dose-limiting toxicities, and drug-repurposing efforts.Implications: This study uses a rapid and quantitative proteomics approach to define inhibitor-target data for commonly administered therapeutics and provides a cell-based alternative to in vitro kinome profiling. Mol Cancer Res; 16(2); 333-44. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Cousins
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Dennis Goldfarb
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Feng Yan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jose Roques
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - David Darr
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Gary L Johnson
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Pharmacology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Michael B Major
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Pharmacology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Abstract
Solid tumor growth and metastasis require the interaction of tumor cells with the surrounding tissue, leading to a view of tumors as tissue-level phenomena rather than exclusively cell-intrinsic anomalies. Due to the ubiquitous nature of adipose tissue, many types of solid tumors grow in proximate or direct contact with adipocytes and adipose-associated stromal and vascular components, such as fibroblasts and other connective tissue cells, stem and progenitor cells, endothelial cells, innate and adaptive immune cells, and extracellular signaling and matrix components. Excess adiposity in obesity both increases risk of cancer development and negatively influences prognosis in several cancer types, in part due to interaction with adipose tissue cell populations. Herein, we review the cellular and noncellular constituents of the adipose "organ," and discuss the mechanisms by which these varied microenvironmental components contribute to tumor development, with special emphasis on obesity. Due to the prevalence of breast and prostate cancers in the United States, their close anatomical proximity to adipose tissue depots, and their complex epidemiologic associations with obesity, we particularly highlight research addressing the contribution of adipose tissue to the initiation and progression of these cancer types. Obesity dramatically modifies the adipose tissue microenvironment in numerous ways, including induction of fibrosis and angiogenesis, increased stem cell abundance, and expansion of proinflammatory immune cells. As many of these changes also resemble shifts observed within the tumor microenvironment, proximity to adipose tissue may present a hospitable environment to developing tumors, providing a critical link between adiposity and tumorigenesis. © 2018 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:237-282, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa J. Cozzo
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ashley M. Fuller
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Liza Makowski
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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Corrêa LH, Corrêa R, Farinasso CM, de Sant'Ana Dourado LP, Magalhães KG. Adipocytes and Macrophages Interplay in the Orchestration of Tumor Microenvironment: New Implications in Cancer Progression. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1129. [PMID: 28970834 PMCID: PMC5609576 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has been known as one of the main keys to the establishment and progression of cancers. Chronic low-grade inflammation is also a strategic condition that underlies the causes and development of metabolic syndrome and obesity. Moreover, obesity has been largely related to poor prognosis of tumors by modulating tumor microenvironment with secretion of several inflammatory mediators by tumor-associated adipocytes (TAAs), which can modulate and recruit tumor-associated macrophages. Thus, the understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlay and link inflammation, obesity, and cancer is crucial to identify potential targets that interfere with this important route. Knowledge about the exact role of each component of the tumor microenvironment is not yet fully understood, but the new insights in literature highlight the essential role of adipocytes and macrophages interplay as key factor to determine the fate of cancer progression. In this review article, we focus on the functions of adipocytes and macrophages orchestrating cellular and molecular mechanisms that lead to inflammatory modulation in tumor microenvironment, which will be crucial to cancer establishment. We also emphasized the mechanisms by which the tumor promotes itself by recruiting and polarizing macrophages, discussing the role of adipocytes in this process. In addition, we discuss here the newest possible anticancer therapeutic treatments aiming to retard the development of the tumor based on what is known about cancer, adipocyte, and macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Henrique Corrêa
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Rafael Corrêa
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Cecília Menezes Farinasso
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Kelly Grace Magalhães
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
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