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Joseph SC, Eugin Simon S, Bohm MS, Kim M, Pye ME, Simmons BW, Graves DG, Thomas-Gooch SM, Tanveer UA, Holt JR, Ponnusamy S, Sipe LM, Hayes DN, Cook KL, Narayanan R, Pierre JF, Makowski L. FXR Agonism with Bile Acid Mimetic Reduces Pre-Clinical Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Burden. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1368. [PMID: 38611046 PMCID: PMC11011133 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery is associated with improved outcomes for several cancers, including breast cancer (BC), although the mechanisms mediating this protection are unknown. We hypothesized that elevated bile acid pools detected after bariatric surgery may be factors that contribute to improved BC outcomes. Patients with greater expression of the bile acid receptor FXR displayed improved survival in specific aggressive BC subtypes. FXR is a nuclear hormone receptor activated by primary bile acids. Therefore, we posited that activating FXR using an established FDA-approved agonist would induce anticancer effects. Using in vivo and in vitro approaches, we determined the anti-tumor potential of bile acid receptor agonism. Indeed, FXR agonism by the bile acid mimetic known commercially as Ocaliva ("OCA"), or Obeticholic acid (INT-747), significantly reduced BC progression and overall tumor burden in a pre-clinical model. The transcriptomic analysis of tumors in mice subjected to OCA treatment revealed differential gene expression patterns compared to vehicle controls. Notably, there was a significant down-regulation of the oncogenic transcription factor MAX (MYC-associated factor X), which interacts with the oncogene MYC. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) further demonstrated a statistically significant downregulation of the Hallmark MYC-related gene set (MYC Target V1) following OCA treatment. In human and murine BC analyses in vitro, agonism of FXR significantly and dose-dependently inhibited proliferation, migration, and viability. In contrast, the synthetic agonism of another common bile acid receptor, the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor TGR5 (GPBAR1) which is mainly activated by secondary bile acids, failed to significantly alter cancer cell dynamics. In conclusion, agonism of FXR by primary bile acid memetic OCA yields potent anti-tumor effects potentially through inhibition of proliferation and migration and reduced cell viability. These findings suggest that FXR is a tumor suppressor gene with a high potential for use in personalized therapeutic strategies for individuals with BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney C. Joseph
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Samson Eugin Simon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Margaret S. Bohm
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Minjeong Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Madeline E. Pye
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Boston W. Simmons
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Dillon G. Graves
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Stacey M. Thomas-Gooch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Ubaid A. Tanveer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Jeremiah R. Holt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Suriyan Ponnusamy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Laura M. Sipe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Mary Washinton, Fredericksburg, VI 22401, USA
| | - D. Neil Hayes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- UTHSC Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Katherine L. Cook
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA;
| | - Ramesh Narayanan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- UTHSC Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Joseph F. Pierre
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Liza Makowski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- UTHSC Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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Bullard BM, McDonald SJ, Cardaci TD, VanderVeen BN, Mohammed AD, Kubinak JL, Pierre JF, Chatzistamou I, Fan D, Hofseth LJ, Murphy EA. Panaxynol improves crypt and mucosal architecture, suppresses colitis-enriched microbes, and alters the immune response to mitigate colitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38469632 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00004.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic inflammatory disease of the large intestine, which impacts millions worldwide. Current interventions aimed at treating UC symptoms can have off-target effects, invoking the need for alternatives that may provide similar benefits with less unintended consequences. This study builds on our initial data, which showed that panaxynol - a novel, potent, bioavailable compound found in American ginseng - can suppress disease severity in murine colitis. Here we explore the underlying mechanisms by which panaxynol improves both chronic and acute murine colitis. 14-week-old C57BL/6 female mice were either given 3 rounds of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water to induce chronic colitis or 1 round to induce acute colitis. Vehicle or panaxynol (2.5 mg/kg) was administered via oral gavage 3x/week for the study duration. Consistent with our previous findings, panaxynol significantly (p<0.05) improved the disease activity index and endoscopic scores in both models. Using the acute model to examine potential mechanisms, we show that panaxynol significantly (p<0.05) reduced DSS-induced crypt distortion, goblet cell loss, and mucus loss in the colon. 16s sequencing revealed panaxynol altered microbial composition to suppress colitis-enriched genera (i.e., Enterococcus, Eubacterium, and Ruminococcus). Additionally, panaxynol significantly (p<0.05) suppressed macrophages and induced regulatory T-cells in the colonic lamina propria. The beneficial effects of panaxynol on mucosal and crypt architecture, combined with its microbial and immune-mediated effects, provide insight into mechanisms by which panaxynol suppresses murine colitis. Overall, this data is promising for the use of panaxynol to improve colitis in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke M Bullard
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Sierra J McDonald
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Thomas D Cardaci
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Brandon N VanderVeen
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Ahmed D Mohammed
- Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Jason L Kubinak
- Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Joseph F Pierre
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ioulia Chatzistamou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Daping Fan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Lorne J Hofseth
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - E Angela Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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Mims TS, Kumari R, Leathem C, Antunes K, Joseph S, Yen MI, Ferstl D, Jamieson SM, Sabbar A, Biebel C, Lazarevic N, Willis NB, Henry L, Yen CLE, Smith JP, Gosain A, Meisel M, Willis KA, Talati AJ, Elabiad MT, Hibl B, Pierre JF. Altered hepatic and intestinal homeostasis in a neonatal murine model of short-term total parenteral nutrition and antibiotics. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 325:G556-G569. [PMID: 37753583 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00129.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Parenteral nutrition (PN) prevents starvation and supports metabolic requirements intravenously when patients are unable to be fed enterally. Clinically, infants are frequently provided PN in intensive care settings along with exposure to antibiotics (ABX) to minimize infection during care. Unfortunately, neonates experience extremely high rates of hepatic complications. Adult rodent and piglet models of PN are well-established but neonatal models capable of leveraging the considerable transgenic potential of the mouse remain underdeveloped. Utilizing our newly established neonatal murine PN mouse model, we administered ABX or controlled drinking water to timed pregnant dams to disrupt the maternal microbiome. We randomized mouse pups to PN or sham surgery controls +/- ABX exposure. ABX or short-term PN decreased liver and brain organ weights, intestinal length, and mucosal architecture (vs. controls). PN significantly elevated evidence of hepatic proinflammatory markers, neutrophils and macrophage counts, bacterial colony-forming units, and evidence of cholestasis risk, which was blocked by ABX. However, ABX uniquely elevated metabolic regulatory genes resulting in accumulation of hepatocyte lipids, triglycerides, and elevated tauro-chenoxycholic acid (TCDCA) in serum. Within the gut, PN elevated the relative abundance of Akkermansia, Enterococcus, and Suterella with decreased Anaerostipes and Lactobacillus compared with controls, whereas ABX enriched Proteobacteria. We conclude that short-term PN elevates hepatic inflammatory stress and risk of cholestasis in early life. Although concurrent ABX exposure protects against hepatic immune activation during PN, the dual exposure modulates metabolism and may contribute toward early steatosis phenotype, sometimes observed in infants unable to wean from PN.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study successfully established a translationally relevant, murine neonatal parenteral nutrition (PN) model. Short-term PN is sufficient to induce hepatitis-associated cholestasis in a neonatal murine model that can be used to understand disease in early life. The administration of antibiotics during PN protects animals from bacterial translocation and proinflammatory responses but induces unique metabolic shifts that may predispose the liver toward early steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahliyah S Mims
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Roshan Kumari
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Cameron Leathem
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Karen Antunes
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Sydney Joseph
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Mei-I Yen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Danielle Ferstl
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Sophia M Jamieson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Austin Sabbar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Claudia Biebel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Nikolai Lazarevic
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Nathaniel B Willis
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Lydia Henry
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Chi-Liang E Yen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Joseph P Smith
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Ankush Gosain
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Marlies Meisel
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburg, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Kent A Willis
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Ajay J Talati
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Mohammad T Elabiad
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Brianne Hibl
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Joseph F Pierre
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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4
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Willis KA, Silverberg M, Martin I, Abdelgawad A, Karabayir I, Halloran BA, Myers ED, Desai JP, White CT, Lal CV, Ambalavanan N, Peters BM, Jain VG, Akbilgic O, Tipton L, Jilling T, Cormier SA, Pierre JF, Talati AJ. The fungal intestinal microbiota predict the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very low birthweight newborns. medRxiv 2023:2023.05.29.23290625. [PMID: 37398134 PMCID: PMC10312873 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.29.23290625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common morbidity affecting very preterm infants. Gut fungal and bacterial microbial communities contribute to multiple lung diseases and may influence BPD pathogenesis. METHODS We performed a prospective, observational cohort study comparing the multikingdom fecal microbiota of 144 preterm infants with or without moderate to severe BPD by sequencing the bacterial 16S and fungal ITS2 ribosomal RNA gene. To address the potential causative relationship between gut dysbiosis and BPD, we used fecal microbiota transplant in an antibiotic-pseudohumanized mouse model. Comparisons were made using RNA sequencing, confocal microscopy, lung morphometry, and oscillometry. RESULTS We analyzed 102 fecal microbiome samples collected during the second week of life. Infants who later developed BPD showed an obvious fungal dysbiosis as compared to infants without BPD (NoBPD, p = 0.0398, permutational multivariate ANOVA). Instead of fungal communities dominated by Candida and Saccharomyces, the microbiota of infants who developed BPD were characterized by a greater diversity of rarer fungi in less interconnected community architectures. On successful colonization, the gut microbiota from infants with BPD augmented lung injury in the offspring of recipient animals. We identified alterations in the murine intestinal microbiome and transcriptome associated with augmented lung injury. CONCLUSIONS The gut fungal microbiome of infants who will develop BPD is dysbiotic and may contribute to disease pathogenesis.
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Pierre JF, Peters BM, La Torre D, Sidebottom AM, Tao Y, Zhu X, Cham CM, Wang L, Kambal A, Harris KG, Silva JF, Zaborina O, Alverdy JC, Herzog H, Witchley J, Noble SM, Leone VA, Chang EB. Peptide YY: A Paneth cell antimicrobial peptide that maintains Candida gut commensalism. Science 2023; 381:502-508. [PMID: 37535745 PMCID: PMC10876062 DOI: 10.1126/science.abq3178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian gut secretes a family of multifunctional peptides that affect appetite, intestinal secretions, and motility whereas others regulate the microbiota. We have found that peptide YY (PYY1-36), but not endocrine PYY3-36, acts as an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) expressed by gut epithelial paneth cells (PC). PC-PYY is packaged into secretory granules and is secreted into and retained by surface mucus, which optimizes PC-PYY activity. Although PC-PYY shows some antibacterial activity, it displays selective antifungal activity against virulent Candida albicans hyphae-but not the yeast form. PC-PYY is a cationic molecule that interacts with the anionic surfaces of fungal hyphae to cause membrane disruption and transcriptional reprogramming that selects for the yeast phenotype. Hence, PC-PYY is an antifungal AMP that contributes to the maintenance of gut fungal commensalism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F Pierre
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Brian M Peters
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Diana La Torre
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Yun Tao
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiaorong Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Candace M Cham
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amal Kambal
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katharine G Harris
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biology, Franklin College, Franklin, IN, USA
| | - Julian F Silva
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Olga Zaborina
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John C Alverdy
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Jessica Witchley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Immunology and Molecular Medicine Division, University of California-Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Suzanne M Noble
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vanessa A Leone
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Animal & Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Eugene B Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Bender MJ, McPherson AC, Phelps CM, Pandey SP, Laughlin CR, Shapira JH, Medina Sanchez L, Rana M, Richie TG, Mims TS, Gocher-Demske AM, Cervantes-Barragan L, Mullett SJ, Gelhaus SL, Bruno TC, Cannon N, McCulloch JA, Vignali DAA, Hinterleitner R, Joglekar AV, Pierre JF, Lee STM, Davar D, Zarour HM, Meisel M. Dietary tryptophan metabolite released by intratumoral Lactobacillus reuteri facilitates immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment. Cell 2023; 186:1846-1862.e26. [PMID: 37028428 PMCID: PMC10148916 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
The use of probiotics by cancer patients is increasing, including among those undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment. Here, we elucidate a critical microbial-host crosstalk between probiotic-released aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist indole-3-aldehyde (I3A) and CD8 T cells within the tumor microenvironment that potently enhances antitumor immunity and facilitates ICI in preclinical melanoma. Our study reveals that probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri (Lr) translocates to, colonizes, and persists within melanoma, where via its released dietary tryptophan catabolite I3A, it locally promotes interferon-γ-producing CD8 T cells, thereby bolstering ICI. Moreover, Lr-secreted I3A was both necessary and sufficient to drive antitumor immunity, and loss of AhR signaling within CD8 T cells abrogated Lr's antitumor effects. Further, a tryptophan-enriched diet potentiated both Lr- and ICI-induced antitumor immunity, dependent on CD8 T cell AhR signaling. Finally, we provide evidence for a potential role of I3A in promoting ICI efficacy and survival in advanced melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie J Bender
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alex C McPherson
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Catherine M Phelps
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Graduate Program of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Surya P Pandey
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Colin R Laughlin
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jake H Shapira
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Luzmariel Medina Sanchez
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Graduate Program of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mohit Rana
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tanner G Richie
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Tahliyah S Mims
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Angela M Gocher-Demske
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Steven J Mullett
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stacy L Gelhaus
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tullia C Bruno
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nikki Cannon
- Genetics and Microbiome Core, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John A McCulloch
- Genetics and Microbiome Core, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dario A A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Reinhard Hinterleitner
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alok V Joglekar
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Systems Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joseph F Pierre
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sonny T M Lee
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Diwakar Davar
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hassane M Zarour
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marlies Meisel
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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7
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Orgil BO, Munkhsaikhan U, Pierre JF, Li N, Xu F, Alberson NR, Johnson JN, Wetzel GT, Boukens BJD, Lu L, Towbin JA, Purevjav E. The TMEM43 S358L mutation affects cardiac, small intestine, and metabolic homeostasis in a knock-in mouse model. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 324:H866-H880. [PMID: 37083466 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00712.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The TMEM43/LUMA p.S358L mutation causes arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy named as ARVC5, a fully penetrant disease with high risk of ventricular arrhythmias, sudden death and heart failure. Male gender and vigorous exercise independently predicted deleterious outcome. Our systems genetics analysis revealed importance of Tmem43 for cardiac and metabolic pathways associated with elevated lipid absorption from small intestine. This study sought to delineate gender specific cardiac, intestinal, and metabolic phenotypes in vivo and investigate underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of S358L mutation. METHODS Serial echocardiography, surface electrocardiography (ECG), treadmill running and body EchoMRI have been utilized in knock-in heterozygous (Tmem43WT/S358L), homozygous (Tmem43S358L) and wildtype (Tmem43WT) littermate mice. Electron microscopy, histology, immunohistochemistry, transcriptome, and protein analysis have been performed in cardiac and intestinal tissues. RESULTS Systolic dysfunction was apparent in 3-month-old Tmem43S358L and 6-month-old Tmem43WT/S358L mutants. Both mutant lines displayed intolerance to acute stress at 6-months of age, arrhythmias, fibro-fatty infiltration, and subcellular abnormalities in the myocardium. Microarray analysis found significantly differentially expressed genesbetween LV and RV myocardium. Mutants displayed diminished PPARG activities and significantly reduced Tmem43 and b-catenin expression in the heart, while JUP translocated into nuclei of mutant cardiomyocytes. Conversely, elongated villi, fatty infiltration, and overexpression of gut epithelial proliferation markers, b-catenin and Ki-67, were evident in small intestine of mutants. CONCLUSIONS We defined Tmem43 S358L-induced pathological effects on cardiac and intestinal homeostasis viadistinctly disturbed WNT-b-catenin and PPARG signaling thereby contributing to ARVC5 pathophysiology. Results suggest that cardio-metabolic assessment in mutation carriers may be important for predictive and personalized care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyan-Ochir Orgil
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Undral Munkhsaikhan
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Joseph F Pierre
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Memphis, TN, United States
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fuyi Xu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Neely R Alberson
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Jason N Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Glenn T Wetzel
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Bastiaan J D Boukens
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Towbin
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Memphis, TN, United States
- Pediatric Cardiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Enkhsaikhan Purevjav
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Memphis, TN, United States
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8
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Abstract
Recent advances in microbiome research have informed the potential role of the gut microbiota in the regulation of metabolic, cardiovascular, and renal systems, and, when altered, in the pathogenesis of various cardiometabolic disorders, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). The improved understanding of gut dysbiosis in cardiometabolic pathologies in turn has led to a vigorous quest for developing therapeutic strategies. These therapeutic strategies aim to investigate whether interventions targeting gut dysbiosis can shift the microbiota toward eubiosis and if these shifts, in turn, translate into improvements in (or prevention of) CKD and its related complications, such as premature cardiovascular disease. Existing evidence suggests that multiple interventions (eg, plant-based diets; prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic supplementation; constipation treatment; fecal microbiota transplantation; and intestinal dialysis) might result in favorable modulation of the gut microbiota in patients with CKD, and thereby potentially contribute to improving clinical outcomes in these patients. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the characteristics and roles of the gut microbiota in CKD and discuss the potential of emerging gut microbiota-targeted interventions in the management of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Sumida
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN.
| | - Joseph F Pierre
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Melana Yuzefpolskaya
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Paolo C Colombo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Ryan T Demmer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Csaba P Kovesdy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
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9
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Meena AS, Shukla PK, Rao R, Canelas C, Pierre JF, Rao R. TRPV6 deficiency attenuates stress and corticosterone-mediated exacerbation of alcohol-induced gut barrier dysfunction and systemic inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1093584. [PMID: 36817471 PMCID: PMC9929865 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1093584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic stress is co-morbid with alcohol use disorder that feedback on one another, thus impeding recovery from both disorders. Stress and the stress hormone corticosterone aggravate alcohol-induced intestinal permeability and liver damage. However, the mechanisms involved in compounding tissue injury by stress/corticosterone and alcohol are poorly defined. Here we explored the involvement of the TRPV6 channel in stress (or corticosterone) 3and alcohol-induced intestinal epithelial permeability, microbiota dysbiosis, and systemic inflammation. Methods Chronic alcohol feeding was performed on adult wild-type and Trpv6-/- mice with or without corticosterone treatment or chronic restraint stress (CRS). The barrier function was determined by evaluating inulin permeability in vivo and assessing tight junction (TJ) and adherens junction (AJ) integrity by immunofluorescence microscopy. The gut microbiota composition was evaluated by 16S rRNA sequencing and metagenomic analyses. Systemic responses were assessed by evaluating endotoxemia, systemic inflammation, and liver damage. Results Corticosterone and CRS disrupted TJ and AJ, increased intestinal mucosal permeability, and caused endotoxemia, systemic inflammation, and liver damage in wild-type but not Trpv6-/- mice. Corticosterone and CRS synergistically potentiated the alcohol-induced breakdown of intestinal epithelial junctions, mucosal barrier impairment, endotoxemia, systemic inflammation, and liver damage in wild-type but not Trpv6-/- mice. TRPV6 deficiency also blocked the effects of CRS and CRS-mediated potentiation of alcohol-induced dysbiosis of gut microbiota. Conclusions These findings indicate an essential role of TRPV6 in stress, corticosterone, and alcohol-induced intestinal permeability, microbiota dysbiosis, endotoxemia, systemic inflammation, and liver injury. This study identifies TRPV6 as a potential therapeutic target for developing treatment strategies for stress and alcohol-associated comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avtar S. Meena
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Pradeep K. Shukla
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Rupa Rao
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Cherie Canelas
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Joseph F. Pierre
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - RadhaKrishna Rao
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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10
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Proctor A, Parvinroo S, Richie T, Jia X, Lee STM, Karp PD, Paley S, Kostic AD, Pierre JF, Wannemuehler MJ, Phillips GJ. Resources to Facilitate Use of the Altered Schaedler Flora (ASF) Mouse Model to Study Microbiome Function. mSystems 2022; 7:e0029322. [PMID: 35968975 PMCID: PMC9600240 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00293-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals colonized with a defined microbiota represent useful experimental systems to investigate microbiome function. The altered Schaedler flora (ASF) represents a consortium of eight murine bacterial species that have been used for more than 4 decades where the study of mice with a reduced microbiota is desired. In contrast to germ-free mice, or mice colonized with only one or two species, ASF mice show the normal gut structure and immune system development. To further expand the utility of the ASF, we have developed technical and bioinformatic resources to enable a systems-based analysis of microbiome function using this model. Here, we highlighted four distinct applications of these resources that enable and improve (i) measurements of the abundance of each ASF member by quantitative PCR; (ii) exploration and comparative analysis of ASF genomes and the metabolic pathways they encode that comprise the entire gut microbiome; (iii) global transcriptional profiling to identify genes whose expression responds to environmental changes within the gut; and (iv) discovery of genetic changes resulting from the evolutionary adaptation of the microbiota. These resources were designed to be accessible to a broad community of researchers that, in combination with conventionally-reared mice (i.e., with complex microbiome), should contribute to our understanding of microbiome structure and function. IMPORTANCE Improved experimental systems are needed to advance our understanding of how the gut microbiome influences processes of the mammalian host as well as microbial community structure and function. An approach that is receiving considerable attention is the use of animal models that harbor a stable microbiota of known composition, i.e., defined microbiota, which enables control over an otherwise highly complex and variable feature of mammalian biology. The altered Schaedler flora (ASF) consortium is a well-established defined microbiota model, where mice are stably colonized with 8 distinct murine bacterial species. To take better advantage of the ASF, we established new experimental and bioinformatics resources for researchers to make better use of this model as an experimental system to study microbiome function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Proctor
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Shadi Parvinroo
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Tanner Richie
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan Kansas, USA
| | - Xinglin Jia
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Sonny T. M. Lee
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan Kansas, USA
| | - Peter D. Karp
- Bioinformatics Research Group, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Suzanne Paley
- Bioinformatics Research Group, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Aleksandar D. Kostic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard University, Cambridge Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph F. Pierre
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Gregory J. Phillips
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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11
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Leone VA, Onishi KG, Kennedy M, Riggle JP, Pierre JF, Maneval AC, Spedale MN, Theriault BR, Chang EB, Prendergast BJ. Atypical behavioral and thermoregulatory circadian rhythms in mice lacking a microbiome. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14491. [PMID: 36008471 PMCID: PMC9411200 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18291-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Trillions of microbial oscillators reside throughout the mammalian body, yet their contributions toward fundamental features of host circadian rhythms (CRs) have not been characterized. Here, we demonstrate that the microbiome contributes to host CRs in activity and thermoregulation. Mice devoid of microbes (germ-free, GF) exhibited higher-amplitude CRs in a light-dark cycle and longer circadian periods in constant darkness. Circadian entrainment to food was greater in GF mice, but resetting responses to simulated jet-lag were unaffected. Microbial transplantation with cecal contents of conventionally-raised mice normalized CRs of GF mice, indicating that the concurrent activity of gut microbes modulates host circadian networks. Obesogenic effects of high-fat diet were absent in GF mice, but some circadian-disruptive effects persisted. Transkingdom (host-microbe) interactions affect circadian period and entrainment of CRs in diverse traits, and microbes alter interactions among light- and food-entrainable circadian processes in the face of environmental (light, diet) perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A Leone
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1933 Observatory Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Kenneth G Onishi
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Mind and Biology, University of Chicago, 940 E 57th St., Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Megan Kennedy
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Jonathan P Riggle
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Mind and Biology, University of Chicago, 940 E 57th St., Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Joseph F Pierre
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Andrew C Maneval
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Mind and Biology, University of Chicago, 940 E 57th St., Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Melanie N Spedale
- Animal Resources Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Betty R Theriault
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Eugene B Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Brian J Prendergast
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Mind and Biology, University of Chicago, 940 E 57th St., Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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12
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Pandey SP, Bender MJ, McPherson AC, Phelps CM, Sanchez LM, Rana M, Hedden L, Sangani KA, Chen L, Shapira JH, Siller M, Goel C, Verdú EF, Jabri B, Chang A, Chandran UR, Mullett SJ, Wendell SG, Singhi AD, Tilstra JS, Pierre JF, Arteel GE, Hinterleitner R, Meisel M. Tet2 deficiency drives liver microbiome dysbiosis triggering Tc1 cell autoimmune hepatitis. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:1003-1019.e10. [PMID: 35658976 PMCID: PMC9841318 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The triggers that drive interferon-γ (IFNγ)-producing CD8 T cell (Tc1 cell)-mediated autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) remain obscure. Here, we show that lack of hematopoietic Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (Tet2), an epigenetic regulator associated with autoimmunity, results in the development of microbiota-dependent AIH-like pathology, accompanied by hepatic enrichment of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand-producing pathobionts and rampant Tc1 cell immunity. We report that AIH-like disease development is dependent on both IFNγ and AhR signaling, as blocking either reverts ongoing AIH-like pathology. Illustrating the critical role of AhR-ligand-producing pathobionts in this condition, hepatic translocation of the AhR ligand indole-3-aldehyde (I3A)-releasing Lactobacillus reuteri is sufficient to trigger AIH-like pathology. Finally, we demonstrate that I3A is required for L. reuteri-induced Tc1 cell differentiation in vitro and AIH-like pathology in vivo, both of which are restrained by Tet2 within CD8 T cells. This AIH-disease model may contribute to the development of therapeutics to alleviate AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya P Pandey
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mackenzie J Bender
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alex C McPherson
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Catherine M Phelps
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Mohit Rana
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lee Hedden
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kishan A Sangani
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jake H Shapira
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Magdalena Siller
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chhavi Goel
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elena F Verdú
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bana Jabri
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexander Chang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Uma R Chandran
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steven J Mullett
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Health Sciences Metabolomics and Lipidomics Core, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stacy G Wendell
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Health Sciences Metabolomics and Lipidomics Core, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aatur D Singhi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeremy S Tilstra
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joseph F Pierre
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gavin E Arteel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Reinhard Hinterleitner
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marlies Meisel
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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13
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Sipe LM, Chaib M, Korba EB, Jo H, Lovely MC, Counts BR, Tanveer U, Holt JR, Clements JC, John NA, Daria D, Marion TN, Bohm MS, Sekhri R, Pingili AK, Teng B, Carson JA, Hayes DN, Davis MJ, Cook KL, Pierre JF, Makowski L. Response to immune checkpoint blockade improved in pre-clinical model of breast cancer after bariatric surgery. eLife 2022; 11:79143. [PMID: 35775614 PMCID: PMC9342954 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery is a sustainable weight loss approach, including vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG). Obesity exacerbates tumor growth, while diet-induced weight loss impairs progression. It remains unknown how bariatric surgery-induced weight loss impacts cancer progression or alters response to therapy. Using a pre-clinical model of obesity followed by VSG or diet-induced weight loss, breast cancer progression and immune checkpoint blockade therapy were investigated. Weight loss by VSG or weight-matched dietary intervention before tumor engraftment protected against obesity-exacerbated tumor progression. However, VSG was not as effective as diet in reducing tumor burden despite achieving similar weight and adiposity loss. Leptin did not associate with changes in tumor burden; however, circulating IL-6 was elevated in VSG mice. Uniquely, VSG tumors displayed elevated inflammation and immune checkpoint ligand PD-L1+ myeloid and non-immune cells. VSG tumors also had reduced T lymphocytes and markers of cytolysis, suggesting an ineffective anti-tumor microenvironment which prompted investigation of immune checkpoint blockade. While obese mice were resistant to immune checkpoint blockade, anti-PD-L1 potently impaired tumor progression after VSG through improved anti-tumor immunity. Thus, in formerly obese mice, surgical weight loss followed by immunotherapy reduced breast cancer burden. Finally, we compared transcriptomic changes in adipose tissue after bariatric surgery from patients and mouse models. A conserved bariatric surgery-associated weight loss signature (BSAS) was identified which significantly associated with decreased tumor volume. Findings demonstrate conserved impacts of obesity and bariatric surgery-induced weight loss pathways associated with breast cancer progression. As the number of people classified as obese rises globally, so do obesity-related health risks. Studies show that people diagnosed with obesity have inflammation that contributes to tumor growth and their immune system is worse at detecting cancer cells. But weight loss is not currently used as a strategy for preventing or treating cancer. Surgical procedures for weight loss, also known as ‘bariatric surgeries’, are becoming increasingly popular. Recent studies have shown that individuals who lose weight after these treatments have a reduced risk of developing tumors. But how bariatric surgery directly impacts cancer progression has not been well studied: does it slow tumor growth or boost the anti-tumor immune response? To answer these questions, Sipe et al. compared breast tumor growth in groups of laboratory mice that were obese due to being fed a high fat diet. The first group of mice lost weight after undergoing a bariatric surgery in which part of their stomach was removed. The second lost the same amount of weight but after receiving a restricted diet, and the third underwent a fake surgery and did not lose any weight. The experiments found that surgical weight loss cuts breast cancer tumor growth in half compared with obese mice. But mice who lost the same amount of weight through dietary restrictions had even less tumor growth than surgically treated mice. The surgically treated mice who lost weight had more inflammation than mice in the two other groups, and had increased amounts of proteins and cells that block the immune response to tumors. Giving the surgically treated mice a drug that enhances the immune system’s ability to detect and destroy cancer cells reduced inflammation and helped shrink the mice’s tumors. Finally, Sipe et al. identified 54 genes which were turned on or off after bariatric surgery in both mice and humans, 11 of which were linked with tumor size. These findings provide crucial new information about how bariatric surgery can impact cancer progression. Future studies could potentially use the conserved genes identified by Sipe et al. to develop new ways to stimulate the anti-cancer benefits of weight loss without surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Sipe
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Mehdi Chaib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Emily B Korba
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Heejoon Jo
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Mary Camille Lovely
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Brittany R Counts
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Ubaid Tanveer
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Jeremiah R Holt
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Jared C Clements
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Neena A John
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Deidre Daria
- Office of Vice Chancellor for Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Tony N Marion
- Office of Vice Chancellor for Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Margaret S Bohm
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Radhika Sekhri
- Department of Pathology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Ajeeth K Pingili
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Bin Teng
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - James A Carson
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - D Neil Hayes
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Matthew J Davis
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Katherine L Cook
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, United States
| | - Joseph F Pierre
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Liza Makowski
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
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14
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Frazier K, Kambal A, Zale EA, Pierre JF, Hubert N, Miyoshi S, Miyoshi J, Ringus DL, Harris D, Yang K, Carroll K, Hermanson JB, Chlystek JS, Overmyer KA, Cham CM, Musch MW, Coon JJ, Chang EB, Leone VA. High-fat diet disrupts REG3γ and gut microbial rhythms promoting metabolic dysfunction. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:809-823.e6. [PMID: 35439436 PMCID: PMC9281554 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbial diurnal oscillations are important diet-dependent drivers of host circadian rhythms and metabolism ensuring optimal energy balance. However, the interplay between diet, microbes, and host factors sustaining intestinal oscillations is complex and poorly understood. Here, using a mouse model, we report the host C-type lectin antimicrobial peptide Reg3γ works with key ileal microbes to orchestrate these interactions in a bidirectional manner and does not correlate with the intestinal core circadian clock. High-fat diet is the primary driver of microbial oscillators that impair host metabolic homeostasis, resulting in arrhythmic host Reg3γ expression that secondarily drives abundance and oscillation of key gut microbes. This illustrates transkingdom coordination of biological rhythms primarily influenced by diet and reciprocal sensor-effector signals between host and microbial components, ultimately driving metabolism. Restoring the gut microbiota's capacity to sense dietary signals mediated by specific host factors such as Reg3γ could be harnessed to improve metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katya Frazier
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Amal Kambal
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Zale
- Infectious Diseases Division, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Joseph F Pierre
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Nathaniel Hubert
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sawako Miyoshi
- Department of General Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo 1818611, Japan
| | - Jun Miyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo 1818611, Japan
| | - Daina L Ringus
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Dylan Harris
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Karen Yang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Katherine Carroll
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jake B Hermanson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - John S Chlystek
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53506, USA
| | - Katherine A Overmyer
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53506, USA; National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Candace M Cham
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mark W Musch
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Joshua J Coon
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53506, USA; National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Eugene B Chang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Vanessa A Leone
- Department of Animal & Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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15
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Frazier K, Kambal A, Zale EA, Pierre JF, Hubert N, Miyoshi S, Miyoshi J, Ringus D, Harris D, Yang K, Carroll K, Hermanson J, Chlystek J, Overmyer K, Cham C, Musch MW, Coon JJ, Chang EB, Leone V. High fat diet disrupts diurnal interactions between small intestinal host innate immune factor REG3γ and gut microbiota resulting in metabolic dysfunction. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r4553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jake Hermanson
- Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI
| | - John Chlystek
- BiochemistryUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Vanessa Leone
- Animal & Dairy SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI
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16
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Sumida K, Han Z, Chiu CY, Mims TS, Bajwa A, Demmer RT, Datta S, Kovesdy CP, Pierre JF. Circulating Microbiota in Cardiometabolic Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:892232. [PMID: 35592652 PMCID: PMC9110890 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.892232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid expansion of microbiota research has significantly advanced our understanding of the complex interactions between gut microbiota and cardiovascular, metabolic, and renal system regulation. Low-grade chronic inflammation has long been implicated as one of the key mechanisms underlying cardiometabolic disease risk and progression, even before the insights provided by gut microbiota research in the past decade. Microbial translocation into the bloodstream can occur via different routes, including through the oral and/or intestinal mucosa, and may contribute to chronic inflammation in cardiometabolic disease. Among several gut-derived products identifiable in the systemic circulation, bacterial endotoxins and metabolites have been extensively studied, however recent advances in microbial DNA sequencing have further allowed us to identify highly diverse communities of microorganisms in the bloodstream from an -omics standpoint, which is termed "circulating microbiota." While detecting microorganisms in the bloodstream was historically considered as an indication of infection, evidence on the circulating microbiota is continually accumulating in various patient populations without clinical signs of infection and even in otherwise healthy individuals. Moreover, both quantitative and compositional alterations of the circulating microbiota have recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory conditions, potentially through their immunostimulatory, atherogenic, and cardiotoxic properties. In this mini review, we aim to provide recent evidence on the characteristics and roles of circulating microbiota in several cardiometabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease, with highlights of our emerging findings on circulating microbiota in patients with end-stage kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Sumida
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States,*Correspondence: Keiichi Sumida,
| | - Zhongji Han
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Chi-Yang Chiu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Tahliyah S. Mims
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Amandeep Bajwa
- Transplant Research Institute, James D. Eason Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Ryan T. Demmer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Susmita Datta
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Csaba P. Kovesdy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States,Nephrology Section, Memphis Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Joseph F. Pierre
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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17
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Shukla PK, Meena AS, Pierre JF, Rao R. Central role of intestinal epithelial glucocorticoid receptor in alcohol- and corticosterone-induced gut permeability and systemic response. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22061. [PMID: 34861075 PMCID: PMC8647846 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101424r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Corticosterone, the stress hormone, exacerbates alcohol-associated tissue injury, but the mechanism involved is unknown. We examined the role of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in corticosterone-mediated potentiation of alcohol-induced gut barrier dysfunction and systemic response. Hepatocyte-specific GR-deficient (GRΔHC ) and intestinal epithelial-specific GR-deficient (GRΔIEC ) mice were fed ethanol, combined with corticosterone treatment. Intestinal epithelial tight junction integrity, mucosal barrier function, microbiota dysbiosis, endotoxemia, systemic inflammation, liver damage, and neuroinflammation were assessed. Corticosterone potentiated ethanol-induced epithelial tight junction disruption, mucosal permeability, and inflammatory response in GRΔHC mouse colon; these effects of ethanol and corticosterone were absent in GRΔIEC mice. Gut microbiota compositions in ethanol-fed GRΔHC and GRΔIEC mice were similar to each other. However, corticosterone treatment in ethanol-fed mice shifted the microbiota composition to distinctly different directions in GRΔHC and GRΔIEC mice. Ethanol and corticosterone synergistically elevated the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and Escherichia coli and reduced the abundance of Lactobacillus in GRΔHC mice but not in GRΔIEC mice. In GRΔHC mice, corticosterone potentiated ethanol-induced endotoxemia and systemic inflammation, but these effects were absent in GRΔIEC mice. Interestingly, ethanol-induced liver damage and its potentiation by corticosterone were observed in GRΔHC mice but not in GRΔIEC mice. GRΔIEC mice were also resistant to ethanol- and corticosterone-induced inflammatory response in the hypothalamus. These data indicate that the intestinal epithelial GR plays a central role in alcohol- and corticosterone-induced gut barrier dysfunction, microbiota dysbiosis, endotoxemia, systemic inflammation, liver damage, and neuroinflammation. This study identifies a novel target for potential therapeutic for alcohol-associated tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep K. Shukla
- Department of PhysiologyCollege of MedicineUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | - Avtar S. Meena
- Department of PhysiologyCollege of MedicineUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA,Present address:
Center for Cellular and Molecular BiologyHyderabadTelanganaIndia
| | - Joseph F. Pierre
- Department of PediatricsCollege of MedicineUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | - RadhaKrishna Rao
- Department of PhysiologyCollege of MedicineUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA,Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA
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18
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Bohm MS, Sipe LM, Pye ME, Davis MJ, Pierre JF, Makowski L. The role of obesity and bariatric surgery-induced weight loss in breast cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:673-695. [PMID: 35870055 PMCID: PMC9470652 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a complex metabolic condition considered a worldwide public health crisis, and a deeper mechanistic understanding of obesity-associated diseases is urgently needed. Obesity comorbidities include many associated cancers and are estimated to account for 20% of female cancer deaths in the USA. Breast cancer, in particular, is associated with obesity and is the focus of this review. The exact causal links between obesity and breast cancer remain unclear. Still, interactions have emerged between body mass index, tumor molecular subtype, genetic background, and environmental factors that strongly suggest obesity influences the risk and progression of certain breast cancers. Supportive preclinical research uses various diet-induced obesity models to demonstrate that weight loss, via dietary interventions or changes in energy expenditure, reduces the onset or progression of breast cancers. Ongoing and future studies are now aimed at elucidating the underpinning mechanisms behind weight-loss-driven observations to improve therapy and outcomes in patients with breast cancer and reduce risk. This review aims to summarize the rapidly emerging literature on obesity and weight loss strategies with a focused discussion of bariatric surgery in both clinical and preclinical studies detailing the complex interactions between metabolism, immune response, and immunotherapy in the setting of obesity and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret S. Bohm
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Laura M. Sipe
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Madeline E. Pye
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Matthew J. Davis
- Division of Bariatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Joseph F. Pierre
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163 USA ,Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Liza Makowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163 USA ,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163 USA ,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163 USA ,College of Medicine, UTHSC Center for Cancer Research, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Cancer Research Building Room 322, 19 S Manassas Street, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
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19
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Xu F, Gao J, Orgil BO, Bajpai AK, Gu Q, Purevjav E, Davenport AS, Li K, Towbin JA, Black DD, Pierre JF, Lu L. Ace2 and Tmprss2 Expressions Are Regulated by Dhx32 and Influence the Gastrointestinal Symptoms Caused by SARS-CoV-2. J Pers Med 2021; 11:1212. [PMID: 34834564 PMCID: PMC8621576 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies showed that the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is one of the most important pathways for SARS-CoV-2 infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As SARS-CoV-2 cellular entry depends on the ACE2 receptor and TMPRSS2 priming of the spike protein, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms through which these two proteins and their cognate transcripts interact and influence the pathogenesis of COVID-19. In this study, we quantified the expression, associations, genetic modulators, and molecular pathways for Tmprss2 and Ace2 mRNA expressions in GI tissues using a systems genetics approach and the expanded family of highly diverse BXD mouse strains. The results showed that both Tmprss2 and Ace2 are highly expressed in GI tissues with significant covariation. We identified a significant expression quantitative trait locus on chromosome 7 that controls the expression of both Tmprss2 and Ace2. Dhx32 was found to be the strongest candidate in this interval. Co-expression network analysis demonstrated that both Tmprss2 and Ace2 were located at the same module that is significantly associated with other GI-related traits. Protein-protein interaction analysis indicated that hub genes in this module are linked to circadian rhythms. Collectively, our data suggested that genes with circadian rhythms of expression may have an impact on COVID-19 disease, with implications related to the timing and treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyi Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China;
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (J.G.); (A.K.B.); (Q.G.); (A.S.D.)
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (J.G.); (A.K.B.); (Q.G.); (A.S.D.)
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Buyan-Ochir Orgil
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (B.-O.O.); (E.P.); (J.A.T.); (D.D.B.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital Memphis, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Bajpai
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (J.G.); (A.K.B.); (Q.G.); (A.S.D.)
| | - Qingqing Gu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (J.G.); (A.K.B.); (Q.G.); (A.S.D.)
| | - Enkhsaikhan Purevjav
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (B.-O.O.); (E.P.); (J.A.T.); (D.D.B.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital Memphis, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Athena S. Davenport
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (J.G.); (A.K.B.); (Q.G.); (A.S.D.)
| | - Kui Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;
| | - Jeffrey A. Towbin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (B.-O.O.); (E.P.); (J.A.T.); (D.D.B.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital Memphis, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
- Pediatric Cardiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Dennis D. Black
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (B.-O.O.); (E.P.); (J.A.T.); (D.D.B.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital Memphis, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Joseph F. Pierre
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (B.-O.O.); (E.P.); (J.A.T.); (D.D.B.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital Memphis, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (J.G.); (A.K.B.); (Q.G.); (A.S.D.)
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20
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Gu Q, Xu F, Orgil BO, Khuchua Z, Munkhsaikhan U, Johnson JN, Alberson NR, Pierre JF, Black DD, Dong D, Brennan JA, Cathey BM, Efimov IR, Towbin JA, Purevjav E, Lu L. Systems Genetics Analysis Defines Importance Of TMEM43/LUMA For Cardiac And Metabolic Related Pathways. Physiol Genomics 2021; 54:22-35. [PMID: 34766515 PMCID: PMC8721901 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00066.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Broad cellular functions and diseases including muscular dystrophy,
arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC5) and cancer are
associated with transmembrane protein43 (TMEM43/LUMA). The
study aimed to investigate biological roles of TMEM43 through
genetic regulation, gene pathways and gene networks, candidate interacting
genes, and up- or downstream regulators. Cardiac transcriptomes from 40 strains
of recombinant inbred BXD mice and two parental strains representing murine
genetic reference population (GRP) were applied for genetic correlation,
functional enrichment, and coexpression network analysis using systems genetics
approach. The results were validated in a newly created knock-in
Tmem43-S358L mutation mouse model (Tmem43S358L)
that displayed signs of cardiac dysfunction, resembling ARVC5 phenotype seen in
humans. We found high Tmem43 levels among BXDs with broad
variability in expression. Expression of Tmem43 highly
negatively correlated with heart mass and heart rate among BXDs, whereas levels
of Tmem43 highly positively correlated with plasma high-density
lipoproteins (HDL). Through finding differentially expressed genes (DEGs)
between Tmem43S358L mutant and wild-type (Tmem43WT) lines,
18 pathways (out of 42 found in BXDs GRP) that are involved in ARVC,
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and
Huntington’s disease were verified. We further constructed
Tmem43-mediated gene network, in which
Ctnna1, Adcy6, Gnas,
Ndufs6, and Uqcrc2 were significantly
altered in Tmem43S358L mice versus Tmem43WT controls. Our
study defined the importance of Tmem43 for cardiac- and
metabolism-related pathways, suggesting that cardiovascular disease-relevant
risk factors may also increase risk of metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases
via TMEM43-mediated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Gu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, China
| | - Fuyi Xu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Buyan-Ochir Orgil
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Zaza Khuchua
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Undral Munkhsaikhan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Jason N Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Neely R Alberson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Joseph F Pierre
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Dennis Darrel Black
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Deli Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Jaclyn A Brennan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Brianna M Cathey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Igor R Efimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Towbin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Memphis, TN, United States.,Pediatric Cardiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Enkhsaikhan Purevjav
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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21
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Kumari R, Irudayam MJ, Al Abdallah Q, Jones TL, Mims TS, Puchowicz MA, Pierre JF, Brown CW. SMAD2 and SMAD3 differentially regulate adiposity and the growth of subcutaneous white adipose tissue. FASEB J 2021; 35:e22018. [PMID: 34731499 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101244r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is the primary site of energy storage, playing important roles in health. While adipose research largely focuses on obesity, fat also has other critical functions, producing adipocytokines and contributing to normal nutrient metabolism, which in turn play important roles in satiety and total energy homeostasis. SMAD2/3 proteins are downstream mediators of activin signaling, which regulate critical preadipocyte and mature adipocyte functions. Smad2 global knockout mice exhibit embryonic lethality, whereas global loss of Smad3 protects mice against diet-induced obesity. The direct contributions of Smad2 and Smad3 in adipose tissues, however, are unknown. Here, we sought to determine the primary effects of adipocyte-selective reduction of Smad2 or Smad3 on diet-induced adiposity using Smad2 or Smad3 "floxed" mice intercrossed with Adiponectin-Cre mice. Additionally, we examined visceral and subcutaneous preadipocyte differentiation efficiency in vitro. Almost all wild type subcutaneous preadipocytes differentiated into mature adipocytes. In contrast, visceral preadipocytes differentiated poorly. Exogenous activin A suppressed differentiation of preadipocytes from both depots. Smad2 conditional knockout (Smad2cKO) mice did not exhibit significant effects on weight gain, irrespective of diet, whereas Smad3 conditional knockout (Smad3cKO) male mice displayed a trend of reduced body weight on high-fat diet. On both diets, Smad3cKO mice displayed an adipose depot-selective phenotype, with a significant reduction in subcutaneous fat mass but not visceral fat mass. Our data suggest that Smad3 is an important contributor to the maintenance of subcutaneous white adipose tissue in a sex-selective fashion. These findings have implications for understanding SMAD-mediated, depot selective regulation of adipocyte growth and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Kumari
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Maria Johnson Irudayam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Qusai Al Abdallah
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tamekia L Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tahliyah S Mims
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Michelle A Puchowicz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joseph F Pierre
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Chester W Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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22
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Sumida K, Pierre JF, Han Z, Mims TS, Potukuchi PK, Yuzefpolskaya M, Colombo PC, Demmer RT, Datta S, Kovesdy CP. Circulating Microbial Signatures and Cardiovascular Death in Patients With ESRD. Kidney Int Rep 2021; 6:2617-2628. [PMID: 34622101 PMCID: PMC8484116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2021.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) experience disproportionately high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Accumulating evidence suggests a role for the circulating microbiome in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease; however, little is known about its association with premature cardiovascular mortality in ESRD. Methods In a pilot case-control study of 17 hemodialysis patients who died of a cardiovascular event and 17 matched hemodialysis controls who remained alive during a median follow-up of 2.0 years, we compared the levels and composition of circulating microbiome, including Bacteria, Archaea, and Fungi, in serum samples by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and 16S or Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing, respectively. Associations of the circulating cell-free microbial signatures with clinical parameters and cardiovascular death were examined using the Spearman rank correlation and multivariable conditional logistic regression, respectively. Results Both 16S and ITS rRNA were detectable in all (except 3 for ITS) examined patients’ serum samples. Despite no significant difference in 16S rRNA levels and α diversity between cases and controls, taxonomic analysis demonstrated differential community membership between groups, with significantly greater Actinobacteria and less Proteobacteria observed in cases than in controls at the phylum level. Proportions of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria phyla were significantly correlated with plasma nuclear factor erythroid 2−related factor 2 (Nrf2) levels (rho = −0.41 and 0.42, P = 0.015 and 0.013, respectively) and marginally associated with risk of cardiovascular death (adjusted odds ratios [95% confidence intervals] = 1.12 [0.98−1.29] and 0.88 [0.76−1.02] for 1% increase, respectively). Conclusion Alterations of the circulating cell-free microbial signatures may be associated with higher premature cardiovascular mortality in ESRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Sumida
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joseph F Pierre
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Zhongji Han
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tahliyah S Mims
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Praveen Kumar Potukuchi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Melana Yuzefpolskaya
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paolo C Colombo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ryan T Demmer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Division of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Susmita Datta
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Csaba P Kovesdy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Nephrology Section, Memphis VA Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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23
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Rendina DN, Lubach GR, Lyte M, Phillips GJ, Gosain A, Pierre JF, Vlasova RM, Styner MA, Coe CL. Proteobacteria abundance during nursing predicts physical growth and brain volume at one year of age in young rhesus monkeys. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21682. [PMID: 34042210 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002162r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, multiple studies have highlighted the essential role of gut microbiota in normal infant development. However, the sensitive periods during which gut bacteria are established and become associated with physical growth and maturation of the brain are still poorly defined. This study tracked the assembly of the intestinal microbiota during the initial nursing period, and changes in community structure after transitioning to solid food in infant rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Anthropometric measures and rectal swabs were obtained at 2-month intervals across the first year of life and bacterial taxa identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. At 12 months of age, total brain and cortical regions volumes were quantified through structural magnetic resonance imaging. The bacterial community structure was dynamic and characterized by discrete maturational phases, reflecting an early influence of breast milk and the later transition to solid foods. Commensal microbial taxa varied with diet similar to findings in other animals and human infants; however, monkeys differ in the relative abundances of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria, two taxa predominant in breastfed human infants. Higher abundances of taxa in the phylum Proteobacteria during nursing were predictive of slower growth trajectories and smaller brain volumes at one year of age. Our findings define discrete phases of microbial succession in infant monkeys and suggest there may be a critical period during nursing when endogenous differences in certain taxa can shift the community structure and influence the pace of physical growth and the maturational trajectory of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle N Rendina
- Harlow Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Mark Lyte
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Gregory J Phillips
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Ankush Gosain
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Joseph F Pierre
- Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Roza M Vlasova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Martin A Styner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Pierre JF, Phillips GJ, Chandra LC, Rendina DN, Thomas-Gosain NF, Lubach GR, Lyte M, Coe CL, Gosain A. Lyticase Facilitates Mycobiome Resolution Without Disrupting Microbiome Fidelity in Primates. J Surg Res 2021; 267:336-341. [PMID: 34186310 PMCID: PMC8678161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbiome research has expanded to consider contributions of microbial kingdoms beyond bacteria, including fungi (i.e., the mycobiome). However, optimal specimen handling protocols are varied, including uncertainty of how enzymes utilized to facilitate fungal DNA recovery may interfere with bacterial microbiome sequencing from the same samples. METHODS With Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval, fecal samples were obtained from 20 rhesus macaques (10 males, 10 females; Macaca mulatta). DNA was extracted using commercially available kits, with or without lyticase enzyme treatment. 16S ribosomal RNA (bacterial) and Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS; fungal) sequencing was performed on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using Qiime and Calypso. RESULTS Inclusion of lyticase in the sample preparation pipeline significantly increased usable fungal ITS reads, community alpha diversity, and enhanced detection of numerous fungal genera that were otherwise poorly or not detected in primate fecal samples. Bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA amplicons obtained from library preparation were statistically unchanged by the presence of lyticase. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate inclusion of the enzyme lyticase for fungal cell wall digestion markedly enhances mycobiota detection while maintaining fidelity of microbiome identification and community features in non-human primates. In restricted sample volumes, as are common in limited human samples, use of single sample DNA isolation will facilitate increased rigor and controlled approaches in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F Pierre
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.
| | - Greg J Phillips
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Lawrance C Chandra
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Danielle N Rendina
- Harlow Center, Department. of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Neena F Thomas-Gosain
- Department. of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Gabriele R Lubach
- Harlow Center, Department. of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Mark Lyte
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Christopher L Coe
- Harlow Center, Department. of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ankush Gosain
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.
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25
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Pingili AK, Chaib M, Sipe LM, Miller EJ, Teng B, Sharma R, Yarbro JR, Asemota S, Al Abdallah Q, Mims TS, Marion TN, Daria D, Sekhri R, Hamilton AM, Troester MA, Jo H, Choi HY, Hayes DN, Cook KL, Narayanan R, Pierre JF, Makowski L. Immune checkpoint blockade reprograms systemic immune landscape and tumor microenvironment in obesity-associated breast cancer. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109285. [PMID: 34161764 PMCID: PMC8574993 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has improved outcomes in some cancers. A major limitation of ICB is that most patients fail to respond, which is partly attributable to immunosuppression. Obesity appears to improve immune checkpoint therapies in some cancers, but impacts on breast cancer (BC) remain unknown. In lean and obese mice, tumor progression and immune reprogramming were quantified in BC tumors treated with anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) or control. Obesity augments tumor incidence and progression. Anti-PD-1 induces regression in lean mice and potently abrogates progression in obese mice. BC primes systemic immunity to be highly responsive to obesity, leading to greater immunosuppression, which may explain greater anti-PD-1 efficacy. Anti-PD-1 significantly reinvigorates antitumor immunity despite persistent obesity. Laminin subunit beta-2 (Lamb2), downregulated by anti-PD-1, significantly predicts patient survival. Lastly, a microbial signature associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy is identified. Thus, anti-PD-1 is highly efficacious in obese mice by reinvigorating durable antitumor immunity. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajeeth K Pingili
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Mehdi Chaib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Laura M Sipe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Emily J Miller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Bin Teng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Johnathan R Yarbro
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Sarah Asemota
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Qusai Al Abdallah
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Tahliyah S Mims
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Tony N Marion
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Office of Vice Chancellor for Research, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Deidre Daria
- Office of Vice Chancellor for Research, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Radhika Sekhri
- Department of Pathology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Alina M Hamilton
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Melissa A Troester
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Heejoon Jo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Hyo Young Choi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - D Neil Hayes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; UTHSC Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Katherine L Cook
- Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Ramesh Narayanan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; UTHSC Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Joseph F Pierre
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Liza Makowski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; UTHSC Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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26
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Shukla PK, Delotterie DF, Xiao J, Pierre JF, Rao R, McDonald MP, Khan MM. Alterations in the Gut-Microbial-Inflammasome-Brain Axis in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040779. [PMID: 33916001 PMCID: PMC8067249 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss and cognitive decline, is a major cause of death and disability among the older population. Despite decades of scientific research, the underlying etiological triggers are unknown. Recent studies suggested that gut microbiota can influence AD progression; however, potential mechanisms linking the gut microbiota with AD pathogenesis remain obscure. In the present study, we provided a potential mechanistic link between dysbiotic gut microbiota and neuroinflammation associated with AD progression. Using a mouse model of AD, we discovered that unfavorable gut microbiota are correlated with abnormally elevated expression of gut NLRP3 and lead to peripheral inflammasome activation, which in turn exacerbates AD-associated neuroinflammation. To this end, we observe significantly altered gut microbiota compositions in young and old 5xFAD mice compared to age-matched non-transgenic mice. Moreover, 5xFAD mice demonstrated compromised gut barrier function as evident from the loss of tight junction and adherens junction proteins compared to non-transgenic mice. Concurrently, we observed increased expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1β production in the 5xFAD gut. Consistent with our hypothesis, increased gut–microbial–inflammasome activation is positively correlated with enhanced astrogliosis and microglial activation, along with higher expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1β production in the brains of 5xFAD mice. These data indicate that the elevated expression of gut–microbial–inflammasome components may be an important trigger for subsequent downstream activation of inflammatory and potentially cytotoxic mediators, and gastrointestinal NLRP3 may promote NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation. Thus, modulation of the gut microbiota may be a potential strategy for the treatment of AD-related neurological disorders in genetically susceptible hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep K. Shukla
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;
- Correspondence: (P.K.S.); (M.M.K.); Tel.: 1-901-448-3180; Fax: 1-901-448-1662 (M.M.K.)
| | - David F. Delotterie
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (D.F.D.); (J.X.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Jianfeng Xiao
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (D.F.D.); (J.X.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Joseph F. Pierre
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;
| | - RadhaKrishna Rao
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;
| | - Michael P. McDonald
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (D.F.D.); (J.X.); (M.P.M.)
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Mohammad Moshahid Khan
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (D.F.D.); (J.X.); (M.P.M.)
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Center for Muscle, Metabolism, and Neuropathology, Division of Rehabilitation Sciences and Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Correspondence: (P.K.S.); (M.M.K.); Tel.: 1-901-448-3180; Fax: 1-901-448-1662 (M.M.K.)
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27
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Mims TS, Abdallah QA, Stewart JD, Watts SP, White CT, Rousselle TV, Gosain A, Bajwa A, Han JC, Willis KA, Pierre JF. The gut mycobiome of healthy mice is shaped by the environment and correlates with metabolic outcomes in response to diet. Commun Biol 2021; 4:281. [PMID: 33674757 PMCID: PMC7935979 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01820-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
As an active interface between the host and their diet, the gut microbiota influences host metabolic adaptation; however, the contributions of fungi have been overlooked. Here, we investigate whether variations in gut mycobiome abundance and composition correlate with key features of host metabolism. We obtained animals from four commercial sources in parallel to test if differing starting mycobiomes can shape host adaptation in response to processed diets. We show that the gut mycobiome of healthy mice is shaped by the environment, including diet, and significantly correlates with metabolic outcomes. We demonstrate that exposure to processed diet leads to persistent differences in fungal communities that significantly associate with differential deposition of body mass in male mice compared to mice fed standardized diet. Fat deposition in the liver, transcriptional adaptation of metabolically active tissues and serum metabolic biomarker levels are linked with alterations in fungal community diversity and composition. Specifically, variation in fungi from the genera Thermomyces and Saccharomyces most strongly associate with metabolic disturbance and weight gain. These data suggest that host-microbe metabolic interactions may be influenced by variability in the mycobiome. This work highlights the potential significance of the gut mycobiome in health and has implications for human and experimental metabolic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahliyah S Mims
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Qusai Al Abdallah
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Justin D Stewart
- Department of Geography and the Environment, Villanova University, Radnor, PA, USA
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sydney P Watts
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Catrina T White
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Thomas V Rousselle
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Research Institute, James D. Eason Transplant Institute, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ankush Gosain
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Amandeep Bajwa
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Research Institute, James D. Eason Transplant Institute, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Joan C Han
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kent A Willis
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Joseph F Pierre
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
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28
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Pingili AK, Chaib M, Sipe LM, Miller EJ, Teng B, Sharma R, Abdallah QAI, Daria D, Sekhri R, Jo H, Tahliyah MS, Hayes DN, Pierre JF, Makowski L. Abstract PS17-04: Immune checkpoint blockade reprograms tumor microenvironment and systemic immune landscape in obesity associated triple negative breast cancer. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs20-ps17-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Few targeted therapies exist for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), an aggressive and deadly subtype. Obesity exacerbates poor outcomes in TNBC due to elevated invasion and metastasis leading to increased mortality. Obesity has paradoxically been shown to improve immune checkpoint therapies in other cancers, yet the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Despite being an inflammatory state, obesity increases immune checkpoint ligands PD-1 and PD-L1 which drives immunosuppression. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that obesity-driven changes to the immune milieu will improve ICB efficacy in TNBC. Syngeneic tumors were generated via orthotopic engraftment of E0771 basal-like TNBC cell line into age-matched immune-competent C57BL/6J female littermates on obesogenic or low fat diets. Mice were treated with anti-mouse anti-PD-1 or isotype control (IgG2a) every 3rd day until sacrifice. Obese mice gained almost 2-fold great body weight and 3.6-fold greater adiposity compared to lean mice and immunotherapy did not impact weights or body composition. Obesity led to immunosuppression systemically in bone marrow and spleen in tumor-free mice, which was exacerbated in tumor-bearing mice. Obese mice had significantly greater tumor progression and fewer regressed tumors at endpoint vs. lean mice. Anti-PD-1 significantly reduced tumor progression in obese mice with 4.2-fold reduction in volume and 5.7-fold reduction in tumor weights in obese mice vs. isotype controls. Anti PD-1 significantly reduced immunosuppressive cells including M2-like tumor associated macrophages and monocytic and granulocytic myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and raised anti-tumor M1-like macrophages, cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, and dendritic cells. Last, the microbiome has potent effects on responses to anti-tumor therapies such as chemotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade. Obesity is a major regulator of the gut microbiome. We found that beneficial bacteria belonging to genus Bifidobacterium was higher in lean compared to obese mice, which could limit tumor progression and lead to greater regression through robust anti-tumor immunity. In obese mice, beneficial bacteria belonging to genus Ruminococcus, Adlercreutzia, Corpococcus that promote anti-tumor immunity increased with anti PD-1 immunotherapy. In sum, we show for the first time that obesity-induced systemic and microenvironmental immunosuppression augmented tumor incidence and tumor progression. Furthermore, anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade successfully reduced tumor progression in obese mice through reprogramming not only the TME but systemic immune milieu as well. Immunosuppressive targets unique to the obese TME could be targeted in concert with checkpoint inhibitors in future interventions to enhance durable anti-tumor immunity.
Citation Format: Ajeeth K Pingili, Mehdi Chaib, Laura M Sipe, Emily J Miller, Bin Teng, Rahul Sharma, Qusai AI Abdallah, Deidra Daria, Radhika Sekhri, Heejoon Jo, Mims S Tahliyah, D. Neil Hayes, Joseph F Pierre, Liza Makowski. Immune checkpoint blockade reprograms tumor microenvironment and systemic immune landscape in obesity associated triple negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PS17-04.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehdi Chaib
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Laura M Sipe
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Emily J Miller
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Bin Teng
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Rahul Sharma
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | | | - Deidra Daria
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Radhika Sekhri
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Heejoon Jo
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | | | - D. Neil Hayes
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | | | - Liza Makowski
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
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29
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Sipe L, Chaib M, Korba EB, Lovely MC, Clements JC, John NA, Pingili AK, Pierre JF, Makowski L. Abstract PS17-29: Surgically induced weight loss corrects obesity associated tumor progression and improves responsiveness to immunotherapy. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs20-ps17-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Obesity leads to a higher risk of cancer invasion, metastases, recurrence, mortality, and impaired therapeutic response through various mechanisms. One of these mechanisms is microenvironment dysfunction, where changes in immune cells, microbes, metabolites, and growth factors contribute to tumor aggressiveness. We study obesity-induced changes to the tumor microenvironment in Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC), an aggressive subtype associated with obesity. The goal to compare tumor progression in lean vs. obese vs. weight loss manipulations to identify causal and targetable pathways associated with reprogramming the tumor microenvironment. Clinically, bariatric surgery induced weight loss reduced the risk of BC, with the greatest benefit detected in pre-menopausal patients with ER- tumors, like TNBC. We hypothesize surgically-induced weight loss will diminish obesity-associated tumor progression. Methods: To study weight gain and loss that best mimics human adiposity, we utilized obesogenic C57BL/6 females with a syngeneic orthotopic transplant of TNBC cells. Female mice placed on a high fat diet (HFD) at weaning became obese compared to mice on a low fat diet (LFD). After 16 weeks on an HFD diet, mice underwent the bariatric surgery Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy (VSG). The VSG resulted in reduced body weight, adiposity, and correction of metabolic profiles compared to obese mice. Two weeks post-surgery, TNBC cells were OT into the mammary fat. Results: As expected, tumor growth was increased in obese mice compared to lean. Importantly, surgical weight loss rescued obese tumor progression. We identified key changes in tumor infiltrating of immune cells that could be responsible for the beneficial effects of bariatric surgery on tumor progression. We then exploited these changes with immunotherapy, which was uniquely effective in mice that underwent bariatric surgery. Conclusions: In conclusion obesity promotes a pro-tumor microenvironment, that can be corrected through surgically induced weight loss.
Citation Format: Laura Sipe, Mehdi Chaib, Emily B Korba, Mary C Lovely, Jared C Clements, Neena A John, Ajeeth K Pingili, Joseph F Pierre, Liza Makowski. Surgically induced weight loss corrects obesity associated tumor progression and improves responsiveness to immunotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PS17-29.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sipe
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Mehdi Chaib
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Emily B Korba
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Mary C Lovely
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | | | - Neena A John
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | | | | | - Liza Makowski
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
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30
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Xu F, Gao J, Munkhsaikhan U, Li N, Gu Q, Pierre JF, Starlard-Davenport A, Towbin JA, Cui Y, Purevjav E, Lu L. The Genetic Dissection of Ace2 Expression Variation in the Heart of Murine Genetic Reference Population. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:582949. [PMID: 33330645 PMCID: PMC7714829 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.582949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A high inflammatory and cytokine burden that induces vascular inflammation, myocarditis, cardiac arrhythmias, and myocardial injury is associated with a lethal outcome in COVID-19. The SARS-CoV-2 virus utilizes the ACE2 receptor for cell entry in a similar way to SARS-CoV. This study investigates the regulation, gene network, and associated pathways of ACE2 that may be involved in inflammatory and cardiovascular complications of COVID-19. Methods: Cardiovascular traits were determined in the one of the largest mouse genetic reference populations: BXD recombinant inbred strains using blood pressure, electrocardiography, and echocardiography measurements. Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping, genetic correlation, and functional enrichment analysis were used to identify Ace2 regulation, gene pathway, and co-expression networks. Results: A wide range of variation was found in expression of Ace2 among the BXD strains. Levels of Ace2 expression are negatively correlated with cardiovascular traits, including systolic and diastolic blood pressure and P wave duration and amplitude. Ace2 co-expressed genes are significantly involved in cardiac- and inflammatory-related pathways. The eQTL mapping revealed that Cyld is a candidate upstream regulator for Ace2. Moreover, the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis inferred several potential key regulators (Cul3, Atf2, Vcp, Jun, Ppp1cc, Npm1, Mapk8, Set, Dlg1, Mapk14, and Hspa1b) for Ace2 co-expressed genes in the heart. Conclusions:Ace2 is associated with blood pressure, atrial morphology, and sinoatrial conduction in BXD mice. Ace2 co-varies with Atf2, Cyld, Jun, Mapk8, and Mapk14 and is enriched in the RAS, TGFβ, TNFα, and p38α signaling pathways, involved in inflammation and cardiac damage. We suggest that all these novel Ace2-associated genes and pathways may be targeted for preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic purposes in cardiovascular damage in patients with systemic inflammation, including COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyi Xu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Undral Munkhsaikhan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States.,Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingqing Gu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Joseph F Pierre
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Athena Starlard-Davenport
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Towbin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States.,Pediatric Cardiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Enkhsaikhan Purevjav
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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Willis KA, Peters BM, Pierre JF. A stable cutaneous mycobiome exists from birth. Pediatr Res 2020; 88:153-154. [PMID: 32408339 PMCID: PMC7390657 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-0959-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kent A Willis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, College of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Brian M Peters
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Joseph F Pierre
- Department of Pediatrics – Obesity & Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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Harding JN, Siefker D, Vu L, You D, DeVincenzo J, Pierre JF, Cormier SA. Altered gut microbiota in infants is associated with respiratory syncytial virus disease severity. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:140. [PMID: 32487019 PMCID: PMC7268675 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01816-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the number one cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants. There are still no vaccines or specific antiviral therapies against RSV, mainly due to the inadequate understanding of RSV pathogenesis. Recent data suggest a role for gut microbiota community structure in determining RSV disease severity. Our objective was to determine the gut microbial profile associated with severe RSV patients, which could be used to help identify at-risk patients and develop therapeutically protective microbial assemblages that may stimulate immuno-protection. Results We enrolled 95 infants from Le Bonheur during the 2014 to 2016 RSV season. Of these, 37 were well-babies and 58 were hospitalized with RSV. Of the RSV infected babies, 53 remained in the pediatric ward (moderate) and 5 were moved to the pediatric intensive care unit at a later date (severe). Stool samples were collected within 72 h of admission; and the composition of gut microbiota was evaluated via 16S sequencing of fecal DNA. There was a significant enrichment in S24_7, Clostridiales, Odoribacteraceae, Lactobacillaceae, and Actinomyces in RSV (moderate and severe) vs. controls. Patients with severe RSV disease had slightly lower alpha diversity (richness and evenness of the bacterial community) of the gut microbiota compared to patients with moderate RSV and healthy controls. Beta diversity (overall microbial composition) was significantly different between all RSV patients (moderate and severe) compared to controls and had significant microbial composition separating all three groups (control, moderate RSV, and severe RSV). Conclusions Collectively, these data demonstrate that a unique gut microbial profile is associated with RSV disease and with severe RSV disease with admission to the pediatric intensive care unit. More mechanistic experiments are needed to determine whether the differences observed in gut microbiota are the cause or consequences of severe RSV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey N Harding
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 202 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.,Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - David Siefker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 202 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.,Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Luan Vu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 202 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.,Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Dahui You
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Le Bonheur Children's Foundation Research Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - John DeVincenzo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Le Bonheur Children's Foundation Research Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - J F Pierre
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Le Bonheur Children's Foundation Research Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Stephania A Cormier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 202 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA. .,Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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Smith A, Reed B, Pierre JF, Lyn-Cook B, Starlard-Davenport A. Abstract B064: Investigation of the breast microbiome and mucosal immune system in African American and non-Hispanic White women with and without breast cancer: A pilot study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7755.disp18-b064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Growing evidence shows that an imbalance in the breast microbiome due to inflammation may give rise to cancer development, particularly in non-Hispanic white women. However, there is a lack of data on the role of the breast microbiome among African American women. Since African American women are more likely to develop aggressive forms of breast cancer and die from the disease, we hypothesize that distinct microbial signatures exist in the breast and these signatures differ between normal and breast cancer tissues by race. Using 16S rDNA hypervariable tag sequencing, we identified distinct microbial signatures between normal (n = 40) and breast tumor (n = 61) tissues samples from African American and non-Hispanic white women. Women with breast cancer had a higher abundance of Enterobacteriaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Bacteroides, and Streptococcus when compared to women without breast cancer. African American breast tumors (n = 27) had lower abundance of the phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria compared to non-Hispanic white breast tumors (n = 34). We further evaluated expression of genes involved in immune response using the Innate and Adaptive RT2 Profiler PCR microarray in breast cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues from the same donor. Expression of several inflammatory response genes, including CD8, TLR8, and GATA3, were significantly increased in breast tumors compared to adjacent normal breast tissues from the same donor. This study provides preliminary evidence of a breast microbiome in African American women and supports further investigation to identify a microbial risk signature for breast cancer and potential microbial-based prevention therapies.
Citation Format: Alana Smith, Breia Reed, Joseph F. Pierre, Beverly Lyn-Cook, Athena Starlard-Davenport. Investigation of the breast microbiome and mucosal immune system in African American and non-Hispanic White women with and without breast cancer: A pilot study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr B064.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana Smith
- 1University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN,
| | - Breia Reed
- 1University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN,
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Akbilgic O, Karabayir I, Gunturkun H, Pierre JF, Rashe AC, Thomas A. Machine learning analysis on American Gut Project microbiome data to identify subjects with cancer both with and without chemotherapy exposure. J Clin Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e14069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e14069 Background: There is growing interest in the links between cancer and the gut microbiome. However, the effect of chemotherapy upon the gut microbiome remains unknown. We studied whether machine learning can: 1) accurately classify subjects with cancer vs healthy controls and 2) whether this classification model is affected by chemotherapy exposure status. Methods: We used the American Gut Project data to build a extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) model to distinguish between subjects with cancer vs healthy controls using data on simple demographics and published microbiome. We then further explore the selected features for cancer subjects based on chemotherapy exposure. Results: The cohort included 7,685 subjects consisting of 561 subjects with cancer, 52.5% female, 87.3% White, and average age of 44.7 (SD 17.7). The binary outcome variable represents cancer status. Among 561 subjects with cancer, 94 of them were treated with chemotherapy agents before sampling of microbiomes. As predictors, there were four demographic variables (sex, race, age, BMI) and 1,812 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) each found in at least 2 subjects via RNA sequencing. We randomly split data into 80% training and 20% hidden test. We then built an XGBoost model with 5-fold cross-validation using only training data yielding an AUC (with 95% CI) of 0.79 (0.77, 0.80) and obtained the almost the same AUC on the hidden test data. Based on feature importance analysis, we identified 12 most important features (Age, BMI and 12 OTUs; 4C0d-2, Brachyspirae, Methanosphaera, Geodermatophilaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Slackia, Staphylococcus, Acidaminoccus, Devosia, Proteus) and rebuilt a model using only these features and obtained AUC of 0.80 (0.77, 0.83) on the hidden test data. The average predicted probabilities for controls, cancer patients who were exposed to chemotherapy, and cancer patients who were not were 0.071 (0.070,0.073), 0.125 (0.110, 0.140), 0.156 (0.148, 0.164), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference on levels of these 12 OTUs between cancer subjects treated with and without chemotherapy. Conclusions: Machine learning achieved a moderately high accuracy identifying patients’ cancer status based on microbiome. Despite the literature on microbiome and chemotherapy interaction, the levels of 12 OTUs used in our model were not significantly different for cancer patients with or without chemotherapy exposure. Testing this model on other large population databases is needed for broader validation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexandra Thomas
- Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, NC
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Pierre JF. Reply to "Letter to Editor: Takeda-G Protein Receptor-5 signaling mitigates parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease: public health impact". Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 318:G930. [PMID: 32330095 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00080.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F Pierre
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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Sipe LM, Chaib M, Pingili AK, Pierre JF, Makowski L. Microbiome, bile acids, and obesity: How microbially modified metabolites shape anti-tumor immunity. Immunol Rev 2020; 295:220-239. [PMID: 32320071 PMCID: PMC7841960 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are known facilitators of nutrient absorption but recent paradigm shifts now recognize BAs as signaling molecules regulating both innate and adaptive immunity. Bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver with subsequent microbial modification and fermentation adding complexity to pool composition. Bile acids act on several receptors such as Farnesoid X Receptor and the G protein-coupled BA receptor 1 (TGR5). Interestingly, BA receptors (BARs) are expressed on immune cells and activation either by BAs or BAR agonists modulates innate and adaptive immune cell populations skewing their polarization toward a more tolerogenic anti-inflammatory phenotype. Intriguingly, recent evidence also suggests that BAs promote anti-tumor immune response through activation and recruitment of tumoricidal immune cells such as natural killer T cells. These exciting findings have redefined BA signaling in health and disease wherein they may suppress inflammation on the one hand, yet promote anti-tumor immunity on the other hand. In this review, we provide our readers with the most recent understanding of the interaction of BAs with the host microbiome, their effect on innate and adaptive immunity in health and disease with a special focus on obesity, bariatric surgery-induced weight loss, and immune checkpoint blockade in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Sipe
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mehdi Chaib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ajeeth K. Pingili
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Joseph F. Pierre
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Liza Makowski
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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van der Merwe M, Sharma S, Caldwell JL, Smith NJ, Gomes CK, Bloomer RJ, Buddington RK, Pierre JF. Time of Feeding Alters Obesity-Associated Parameters and Gut Bacterial Communities, but Not Fungal Populations, in C57BL/6 Male Mice. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzz145. [PMID: 32025616 PMCID: PMC6992463 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzz145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fasting and timed feeding strategies normalize obesity parameters even under high-fat dietary intake. Although previous work demonstrated that these dietary strategies reduce adiposity and improve metabolic health, limited work has examined intestinal microbial communities. OBJECTIVES We determined whether timed feeding modifies the composition of the intestinal microbiome and mycobiome (yeast and fungi). METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet (HF) for 6 wk. Animals were then randomly assigned to the following groups (n = 8-10/group): 1) HF ad libitum; 2) purified high-fiber diet (Daniel Fast, DF); 3) HF-time-restricted feeding (TRF) (6 h); 4) HF-alternate-day fasting (ADF); or 5) HF at 80% total caloric restriction (CR). After 8 wk, obesity and gut parameters were characterized. We also examined changes to the gut microbiome and mycobiome before, during, and following dietary interventions. RESULTS Body mass gain was reduced with all restricted dietary groups. HF-fed microbiota displayed lower α-diversity along with reduced phylum levels of Bacteroidetes and increased Firmicutes. Animals switched from HF to DF demonstrated a rapid transition in bacterial taxonomic composition, α-, and β-diversity that initially resembled HF, but was distinct after 4 and 8 wk of DF feeding. Time-or calorie-restricted HF-fed groups did not show changes at the phylum level, but α-diversity was increased, with specific genera altered. Six weeks of HF feeding reduced various fungal populations, particularly Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, and Talaromyces, and increased Candida, Hanseniaspora, and Kurtzmaniella. However, 8 wk of intervention did not change the fungal populations, with the most abundant genera being Candida, Penicillium, and Hanseniaspora. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that timed-feeding protocols and diet composition do not significantly affect the gut fungal community, despite inducing measurable shifts in the bacterial population that coincide with improvements in metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sunita Sharma
- School of Health Studies, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jade L Caldwell
- School of Health Studies, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Nicholas J Smith
- School of Health Studies, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Charles K Gomes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Joseph F Pierre
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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Willis KA, Gomes CK, Rao P, Micic D, Moran ER, Stephenson E, Puchowicz M, Al Abdallah Q, Mims TS, Gosain A, Yin D, Talati AJ, Chang EB, Han JC, Pierre JF. TGR5 signaling mitigates parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 318:G322-G335. [PMID: 31905022 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00216.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Bile acid receptors regulate the metabolic and immune functions of circulating enterohepatic bile acids. This process is disrupted by administration of parenteral nutrition (PN), which may induce progressive hepatic injury for unclear reasons, especially in the newborn, leading to PN-associated liver disease. To explore the role of bile acid signaling on neonatal hepatic function, we initially observed that Takeda G protein receptor 5 (TGR5)-specific bile acids were negatively correlated with worsening clinical disease markers in the plasma of human newborns with prolonged PN exposure. To test our resulting hypothesis that TGR5 regulates critical liver functions to PN exposure, we used TGR5 receptor deficient mice (TGR5-/-). We observed PN significantly increased liver weight, cholestasis, and serum hepatic stress enzymes in TGR5-/- mice compared with controls. Mechanistically, PN reduced bile acid synthesis genes in TGR5-/-. Serum bile acid composition revealed that PN increased unconjugated primary bile acids and secondary bile acids in TGR5-/- mice, while increasing conjugated primary bile acid levels in TGR5-competent mice. Simultaneously, PN elevated hepatic IL-6 expression and infiltrating macrophages in TGR5-/- mice. However, the gut microbiota of TGR5-/- mice compared with WT mice following PN administration displayed highly elevated levels of Bacteroides and Parabacteroides, and possibly responsible for the elevated levels of secondary bile acids in TGR5-/- animals. Intestinal bile acid transporters expression was unchanged. Collectively, this suggests TGR5 signaling specifically regulates fundamental aspects of liver bile acid homeostasis during exposure to PN. Loss of TGR5 is associated with biochemical evidence of cholestasis in both humans and mice on PN.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Parenteral nutrition is associated with deleterious metabolic outcomes in patients with prolonged exposure. Here, we demonstrate that accelerated cholestasis and parental nutrition-associated liver disease (PNALD) may be associated with deficiency of Takeda G protein receptor 5 (TGR5) signaling. The microbiome is responsible for production of secondary bile acids that signal through TGR5. Therefore, collectively, these data support the hypothesis that a lack of established microbiome in early life or under prolonged parenteral nutrition may underpin disease development and PNALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent A Willis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Charles K Gomes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.,Childrens Foundation Research Institute, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Prahlad Rao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Dejan Micic
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - E Richard Moran
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Erin Stephenson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Michelle Puchowicz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Qusai Al Abdallah
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Tahliyah S Mims
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Ankush Gosain
- Childrens Foundation Research Institute, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Dengping Yin
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ajay J Talati
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Eugene B Chang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joan C Han
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.,Childrens Foundation Research Institute, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Joseph F Pierre
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.,Childrens Foundation Research Institute, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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Willis KA, Pierre JF, Cormier SA, Talati AJ. Mice without a microbiome are partially protected from lung injury by hyperoxia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 318:L419-L420. [PMID: 31664852 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00433.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kent A Willis
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Joseph F Pierre
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Stephania A Cormier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University and Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Ajay J Talati
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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Willis KA, Siefker DT, Aziz MM, White CT, Mussarat N, Gomes CK, Bajwa A, Pierre JF, Cormier SA, Talati AJ. Perinatal maternal antibiotic exposure augments lung injury in offspring in experimental bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 318:L407-L418. [PMID: 31644311 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00561.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During the newborn period, intestinal commensal bacteria influence pulmonary mucosal immunology via the gut-lung axis. Epidemiological studies have linked perinatal antibiotic exposure in human newborns to an increased risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia, but whether this effect is mediated by the gut-lung axis is unknown. To explore antibiotic disruption of the newborn gut-lung axis, we studied how perinatal maternal antibiotic exposure influenced lung injury in a hyperoxia-based mouse model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. We report that disruption of intestinal commensal colonization during the perinatal period promotes a more severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia phenotype characterized by increased mortality and pulmonary fibrosis. Mechanistically, metagenomic shifts were associated with decreased IL-22 expression in bronchoalveolar lavage and were independent of hyperoxia-induced inflammasome activation. Collectively, these results demonstrate a previously unrecognized influence of the gut-lung axis during the development of neonatal lung injury, which could be leveraged to ameliorate the most severe and persistent pulmonary complication of preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent A Willis
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - David T Siefker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University and Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Michael M Aziz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Catrina T White
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Naiha Mussarat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Charles K Gomes
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Amandeep Bajwa
- Transplant Research Institute, James D. Eason Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Joseph F Pierre
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Stephania A Cormier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University and Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Ajay J Talati
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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Willis KA, Purvis JH, Myers ED, Aziz MM, Karabayir I, Gomes CK, Peters BM, Akbilgic O, Talati AJ, Pierre JF. Fungi form interkingdom microbial communities in the primordial human gut that develop with gestational age. FASEB J 2019; 33:12825-12837. [PMID: 31480903 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901436rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Fungal and bacterial commensal organisms play a complex role in the health of the human host. Expansion of commensal ecology after birth is a critical period in human immune development. However, the initial fungal colonization of the primordial gut remains undescribed. To investigate primordial fungal ecology, we performed amplicon sequencing and culture-based techniques of first-pass meconium, which forms in the intestine prior to birth, from a prospective observational cohort of term and preterm newborns. Here, we describe fungal ecologies in the primordial gut that develop complexity with advancing gestational age at birth. Our findings suggest homeostasis of fungal commensals may represent an important aspect of human biology present even before birth. Unlike bacterial communities that gradually develop complexity, the domination of the fungal communities of some preterm infants by Saccromycetes, specifically Candida, may suggest a pathologic association with preterm birth.-Willis, K. A., Purvis, J. H., Myers, E. D., Aziz, M. M., Karabayir, I., Gomes, C. K., Peters, B. M., Akbilgic, O., Talati, A. J., Pierre, J. F. Fungi form interkingdom microbial communities in the primordial human gut that develop with gestational age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent A Willis
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - John H Purvis
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Erin D Myers
- College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Michael M Aziz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ibrahim Karabayir
- Department of Health Informatics and Data Science, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Department of Econometrics, Kirklareli University, Kirklareli, Turkey
| | - Charles K Gomes
- Department of Pediatrics, Obesity, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Brian M Peters
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Oguz Akbilgic
- Department of Health Informatics and Data Science, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Center for Health Outcome and Informatics Research, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; and
| | - Ajay J Talati
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joseph F Pierre
- Department of Pediatrics, Obesity, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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Munkhsaikhan U, Gu Q, Sabau R, Pierre JF, Pierre JF, Dong D, Towbin JA, Lu L, Purevjav E. Abstract 643: Integrated Systems Genetics Analysis of Tmem43 Mouse Model and Murine Genetic Reference Population of Bxd Strains Defines Novel Genetic Modifiers and Pathogenic Mechanisms in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy. Circ Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1161/res.125.suppl_1.643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathies (ACMs) are heritable diseases characterized by arrhythmias, related sudden death, fibro-fatty infiltration and progressive heart failure. Although the pathogenic variant p.S358L in TMEM43/
LUMA
causes fully penetrant ACM (ARVC5) in patients, little
in vivo
evidence has been reported and the roles of Tmem43 in normal cardiac function and disease remain obscure and controversial. This study explored Tmem43-associated genetic modifiers using forward, reverse, and systems genetics analyses
in vivo
.
Methods:
Microarray of cardiac and jejunal tissues were performed in a newly created Tmem43
S358L
knock-in mouse and in forty BXD strains, used as a murine genetic reference population (GRP). Levels of plasma and fecal lipids and Pparγ activities were defined in heart and jejunum of Tmem43 animals. Immunohistochemistry was performed in the myocardium of patients with non-TMEM43 origin ACM.
Results:
BXD strain cardiac tissues demonstrated high levels of
Tmem43
expression that was significantly negatively correlated with heart mass and heart rate, while positively correlated with plasma HDL and LDL levels. Expression of
Tmem43
was also significantly (r>0.5, p<0.00075) correlated with
Ppargc1a
(
Pcg1a
) in the heart and intestine of BXDs and Tmem43 mutants. In the Tmem43
S358L
mouse heart,
Tmem43
and
Ppargc1a
were downregulated resulting in reduced Pparγ activities. Conversely,
Tmem43
and
Ppars-
regulated genes, including
Mogat2,
responsible for cholesterol, bile acid, and lipid absorption and re-esterification, were upregulated in the jejunum, resulting in elevated lipid absorption in the gut lumen and hyperlipidemia in Tmem43
S358L
mutants. Expression of TMEM43 was disrupted in cardiomyocyte intercalated disks in ACM patients’ myocardium in contrast to normal controls.
Conclusions:
Tmem43
is an essential gene for cardiac and small intestine signaling and function. The S358L-Tmem43 pathogenic variant is significantly associated with downregulation of
Tmem43
,
Ppagc1a
and
Ppar
γ in the myocardium and upregulation of Pparγ and Pparα signaling in small intestine
in vivo
. Testing plasma lipid levels and TMEM43 expression in ACM patients may provide critical information for personalized predictive care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Deli Dong
- Affiliated Hosp of Nantong Univ, Nantong, China
| | | | - Lu Lu
- Univ of Tennessee Health Scie, Memphis, TN
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45
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Pierre JF, Li Y, Gomes CK, Rao P, Chang EB, Ping Yin D. Bile Diversion Improves Metabolic Phenotype Dependent on Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR). Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:803-812. [PMID: 30933435 PMCID: PMC6788773 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study investigated whether bile diversion (BD) improves metabolic phenotype under farnesoid X receptor (FXR) deficiency. METHODS BD was performed in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed FXR knockout (FXRko) and wild-type (WT) animals. Metabolic phenotypes, circulating enteroendocrine hormones, total bile acids (BAs) and BA composition, and cecal gut microbiota were analyzed. RESULTS FXR-deficient mice were resistant to HFD-induced obesity; however, FXR-deficient mice also developed hyperglycemia and exhibited increased liver weight, liver steatosis, and circulating triglycerides. BD increased circulating total BAs and taurine-b-muricholic acid, which were in line with normalized hyperglycemia and improved glucose tolerance in HFD-fed WT mice. FXR deficiency also increased total BAs and taurine-b-muricholic acid, but these animals remained hyperglycemic. While BD improved metabolic phenotype in HFD-fed FXRko mice, these improvements were not as effective as in WT mice. BD increased liver expression of fibroblast growth factor 21 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1β and elevated circulating glucagon-like peptide-1 levels in WT mice but not in FXRko mice. FXR deficiency altered gut microbiota composition with a specific increase in phylum Proteobacteria that may act as a possible microbial signature of some diseases. These cellular and molecular changes in FXRko mice may contribute to resistance toward improved metabolism. CONCLUSIONS FXR signaling plays a pivotal role in improved metabolic phenotype following BD surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F. Pierre
- Department of Medicine, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yuxin Li
- Department of Surgery,the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Charles K. Gomes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Prahlad Rao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Eugene B. Chang
- Department of Medicine, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Deng Ping Yin
- Department of Surgery,the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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46
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Willis KA, Purvis JH, Gomes CK, Talati AJ, Pierre JF. The human primordial microbiome hosts complex bacterial and fungal interkingdom ecologies that vary with gestational age. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.724.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kent A Willis
- PediatricsThe University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTN
| | - John H Purvis
- PediatricsThe University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTN
| | - Charles K Gomes
- PediatricsThe University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTN
| | - Ajay J Talati
- PediatricsThe University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTN
- Obstetrics and GynecologyThe University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTN
| | - Joseph F Pierre
- PediatricsThe University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTN
- Microbiology, Immunology and BiochemistryThe University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTN
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47
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Stephenson EJ, Gomes CK, Stayton AS, Puchowicz MA, Han JC, Pierre JF. Skeletal Muscle Function is Impaired in Mice Following Surgical Weight Loss. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.868.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles K Gomes
- PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTN
| | - Amanda S Stayton
- PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTN
| | | | - Joan C Han
- Pediatrics & PhysiologyUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTN
| | - Joseph F Pierre
- Pediatrics & Microbiology, Immunology and BiochemistryUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTN
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48
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Pierre JF, Leone V, Martinez-Guryn K. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry Special Issue: nutritional modulation of the gut microbiome in gastrointestinal and metabolic disease. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 66:110-112. [PMID: 30784995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F Pierre
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Vanessa Leone
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Knapp Center for Biomedical Research, 900 E. 57(th) Street, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Kristina Martinez-Guryn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, 555 31(st) Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States.
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49
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McConnell SC, Westerman EL, Pierre JF, Heckler EJ, Schwartz NB. United States National Postdoc Survey results and the interaction of gender, career choice and mentor impact. eLife 2018; 7:e40189. [PMID: 30561332 PMCID: PMC6298783 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The postdoctoral community is an essential component of the academic and scientific workforce, but a lack of data about this community has made it difficult to develop policies to address concerns about salaries, working conditions, diversity and career development, and to evaluate the impact of existing policies. Here we present comprehensive survey results from 7,603 postdocs based at 351 US academic and non-academic (e.g. hospital, industry and government lab) institutions in 2016. In addition to demographic and salary information, we present multivariate analyses on factors influencing postdoc career plans and satisfaction with mentorship. We further analyze gender dynamics and expose wage disparities. Academic research positions remain the predominant career choice, although women and US citizens are less likely than their male and non-US citizen counterparts to choose academic research positions. Receiving mentorship training has a significant positive effect on postdoc satisfaction with mentorship. Quality of and satisfaction with postdoc mentorship also appear to heavily influence career choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean C McConnell
- Department of Science, Medicine and Public HealthAmerican Medical AssociationChicagoUnited States
| | - Erica L Westerman
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleUnited States
| | - Joseph F Pierre
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisUnited States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunity, and BiochemistryUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisUnited States
| | - Erin J Heckler
- Office of Postdoc AffairsWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisUnited States
- Office of the Vice Chancellor for ResearchWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Nancy B Schwartz
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
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50
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Wun K, Theriault BR, Pierre JF, Chen EB, Leone VA, Harris KG, Xiong L, Jiang Q, Spedale M, Eskandari OM, Chang EB, Ho KJ. Microbiota control acute arterial inflammation and neointimal hyperplasia development after arterial injury. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208426. [PMID: 30521585 PMCID: PMC6283560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microbiome has a functional role in a number of inflammatory processes and disease states. While neointimal hyperplasia development has been linked to inflammation, a direct role of the microbiota in neointimal hyperplasia has not yet been established. Germ-free (GF) mice are an invaluable model for studying causative links between commensal organisms and the host. We hypothesized that GF mice would exhibit altered neointimal hyperplasia following carotid ligation compared to conventionally raised (CONV-R) mice. METHODS Twenty-week-old male C57BL/6 GF mice underwent left carotid ligation under sterile conditions. Maintenance of sterility was assessed by cultivation and 16S rRNA qPCR of stool. Neointimal hyperplasia was assessed by morphometric and histologic analysis of arterial sections after 28 days. Local arterial cell proliferation and inflammation was assessed by immunofluorescence for Ki67 and inflammatory cell markers at five days. Systemic inflammation was assessed by multiplex immunoassays of serum. CONV-R mice treated in the same manner served as the control cohort. GF and CONV-R mice were compared using standard statistical methods. RESULTS All GF mice remained sterile during the entire study period. Twenty-eight days after carotid ligation, CONV-R mice had significantly more neointimal hyperplasia development compared to GF mice, as assessed by intima area, media area, intima+media area, and intima area/(intima+media) area. The collagen content of the neointimal lesions appeared qualitatively similar on Masson's trichrome staining. There was significantly reduced Ki67 immunoreactivity in the media and adventitia of GF carotid arteries 5 days after ligation. GF mice also had increased arterial infiltration of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages compared to CONV-R mouse arteries and a reduced proportion of mature neutrophils. GF mice had significantly reduced serum IFN-γ-inducible protein (IP)-10 and MIP-2 5 days after carotid ligation, suggesting a reduced systemic inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS GF mice have attenuated neointimal hyperplasia development compared to CONV-R mice, which is likely related to altered kinetics of wound healing and acute inflammation. Recognizing the role of commensals in the regulation of arterial remodeling will provide a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of restenosis and support strategies to treat or reduce restenosis risk by manipulating microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Wun
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Betty R. Theriault
- Department of Surgery and Animal Resources Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Joseph F. Pierre
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Edmund B. Chen
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Vanessa A. Leone
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Katharine G. Harris
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Liqun Xiong
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Qun Jiang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Melanie Spedale
- Department of Surgery and Animal Resources Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Owen M. Eskandari
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Eugene B. Chang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Karen J. Ho
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
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