Integrated analysis reveals potential long non-coding RNA biomarkers and their potential biological functions for disease free survival in gastric cancer patients

KDM7A-DT induces genotoxic stress, tumorigenesis, and progression of p53 missense mutation-associated invasive breast cancer

Stress-induced promoter-associated and antisense lncRNAs (si-paancRNAs) originate from a reservoir of oxidative stress (OS)-specific promoters via RNAPII pausing-mediated divergent antisense transcription. Several studies have shown that the KDM7A divergent transcript gene (KDM7A-DT), which encodes a si-paancRNA, is overexpressed in some cancer types. However, the mechanisms of this overexpression and its corresponding roles in oncogenesis and cancer progression are poorly understood. We found that KDM7A-DT expression is correlated with highly aggressive cancer types and specific inherently determined subtypes (such as ductal invasive breast carcinoma (BRCA) basal subtype). Its regulation is determined by missense TP53 mutations in a subtype-specific context. KDM7A-DT transcribes several intermediate-sized ncRNAs and a full-length transcript, exhibiting distinct expression and localization patterns. Overexpression of KDM7A-DT upregulates TP53 protein expression and H2AX phosphorylation in nonmalignant fibroblasts, while in semi-transformed fibroblasts, OS superinduces KDM7A-DT expression in a TP53-dependent manner. KDM7A-DT knockdown and gene expression profiling in TP53-missense mutated luminal A BRCA variant, where it is abundantly expressed, indicate its significant role in cancer pathways. Endogenous over-expression of KDM7A-DT inhibits DNA damage response/repair (DDR/R) via the TP53BP1-mediated pathway, reducing apoptosis and promoting G2/M checkpoint arrest. Higher KDM7A-DT expression in BRCA is associated with KDM7A-DT locus gain/amplification, higher histologic grade, aneuploidy, hypoxia, immune modulation scores, and activation of the c-myc pathway. Higher KDM7A-DT expression is associated with relatively poor survival outcomes in patients with luminal A or Basal subtypes. In contrast, it is associated with favorable outcomes in patients with HER2+ER- or luminal B subtypes. KDM7A-DT levels are coregulated with critical transcripts and proteins aberrantly expressed in BRCA, including those involved in DNA repair via non-homologous end joining and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition pathway. In summary, KDM7A-DT and its si-lncRNA exhibit several intrinsic biological and clinical characteristics that suggest important roles in invasive BRCA and its subtypes. KDM7A-DT-defined mRNA and protein subnetworks offer resources for identifying clinically relevant RNA-based signatures and prospective targets for therapeutic intervention.

Efficient plasma metabolic fingerprinting as a novel tool for diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer: a large-scale, multicentre study

OBJECTIVE

Metabolic biomarkers are expected to decode the phenotype of gastric cancer (GC) and lead to high-performance blood tests towards GC diagnosis and prognosis. We attempted to develop diagnostic and prognostic models for GC based on plasma metabolic information.

DESIGN

We conducted a large-scale, multicentre study comprising 1944 participants from 7 centres in retrospective cohort and 264 participants in prospective cohort. Discovery and verification phases of diagnostic and prognostic models were conducted in retrospective cohort through machine learning and Cox regression of plasma metabolic fingerprints (PMFs) obtained by nanoparticle-enhanced laser desorption/ionisation-mass spectrometry (NPELDI-MS). Furthermore, the developed diagnostic model was validated in prospective cohort by both NPELDI-MS and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-MS (UPLC-MS).

RESULTS

We demonstrated the high throughput, desirable reproducibility and limited centre-specific effects of PMFs obtained through NPELDI-MS. In retrospective cohort, we achieved diagnostic performance with areas under curves (AUCs) of 0.862-0.988 in the discovery (n=1157 from 5 centres) and independent external verification dataset (n=787 from another 2 centres), through 5 different machine learning of PMFs, including neural network, ridge regression, lasso regression, support vector machine and random forest. Further, a metabolic panel consisting of 21 metabolites was constructed and identified for GC diagnosis with AUCs of 0.921-0.971 and 0.907-0.940 in the discovery and verification dataset, respectively. In the prospective study (n=264 from lead centre), both NPELDI-MS and UPLC-MS were applied to detect and validate the metabolic panel, and the diagnostic AUCs were 0.855-0.918 and 0.856-0.916, respectively. Moreover, we constructed a prognosis scoring system for GC in retrospective cohort, which can effectively predict the survival of GC patients.

CONCLUSION

We developed and validated diagnostic and prognostic models for GC, which also contribute to advanced metabolic analysis towards diseases, including but not limited to GC.

A tumor mutational burden-derived immune computational framework selects sensitive immunotherapy/chemotherapy for lung adenocarcinoma populations with different prognoses

Background

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) kills millions of people every year. Recently, FDA and researchers proved the significance of high tumor mutational burden (TMB) in treating solid tumors. But no scholar has constructed a TMB-derived computing framework to select sensitive immunotherapy/chemotherapy for the LUAD population with different prognoses.

Methods

The datasets were collected from TCGA, GTEx, and GEO. We constructed the TMB-derived immune lncRNA prognostic index (TILPI) computing framework based on TMB-related genes identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), oncogenes, and immune-related genes. Furthermore, we mapped the immune landscape based on eight algorithms. We explored the immunotherapy sensitivity of different prognostic populations based on immunotherapy response, tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE), and tumor inflammation signature (TIS) model. Furthermore, the molecular docking models were constructed for sensitive drugs identified by the pRRophetic package, oncopredict package, and connectivity map (CMap).

Results

The TILPI computing framework was based on the expression of TMB-derived immune lncRNA signature (TILncSig), which consisted of AC091057.1, AC112721.1, AC114763.1, AC129492.1, LINC00592, and TARID. TILPI divided all LUAD patients into two populations with different prognoses. The random grouping verification, survival analysis, 3D PCA, and ROC curve (AUC=0.74) firmly proved the reliability of TILPI. TILPI was associated with clinical characteristics, including smoking and pathological stage. Furthermore, we estimated three types of immune cells threatening the survival of patients based on multiple algorithms. They were macrophage M0, T cell CD4 Th2, and T cell CD4 memory activated. Nevertheless, five immune cells, including B cell, endothelial cell, eosinophil, mast cell, and T cell CD4 memory resting, prolonged the survival. In addition, the immunotherapy response and TIDE model proved the sensitivity of the low-TILPI population to immunotherapy. We also identified seven intersected drugs for the LUAD population with poor prognosis, which included docetaxel, gemcitabine, paclitaxel, palbociclib, pyrimethamine, thapsigargin, and vinorelbine. Their molecular docking models and best binding energy were also constructed and calculated.

Conclusions

We divided all LUAD patients into two populations with different prognoses. The good prognosis population was sensitive to immunotherapy, while the people with poor prognosis benefitted from 7 drugs.

T2DB: A Web Database for Long Non-Coding RNA Genes in Type II Diabetes

Type II diabetes (T2D) is a growing health problem worldwide due to increased levels of obesity and can lead to other life-threatening diseases, such as cardiovascular and kidney diseases. As the number of individuals diagnosed with T2D rises, there is an urgent need to understand the pathogenesis of the disease in order to prevent further harm to the body caused by elevated blood glucose levels. Recent advances in long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) research may provide insights into the pathogenesis of T2D. Although lncRNAs can be readily detected in RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data, most published datasets of T2D patients compared to healthy donors focus only on protein-coding genes, leaving lncRNAs to be undiscovered and understudied. To address this knowledge gap, we performed a secondary analysis of published RNA-seq data of T2D patients and of patients with related health complications to systematically analyze the expression changes of lncRNA genes in relation to the protein-coding genes. Since immune cells play important roles in T2D, we conducted loss-of-function experiments to provide functional data on the T2D-related lncRNA USP30-AS1, using an in vitro model of pro-inflammatory macrophage activation. To facilitate lncRNA research in T2D, we developed a web application, T2DB, to provide a one-stop-shop for expression profiling of protein-coding and lncRNA genes in T2D patients compared to healthy donors or subjects without T2D.

Long non-coding RNA TTTY14 promotes cell proliferation and functions as a prognostic biomarker in testicular germ cell tumor

Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) commonly occur in males between the ages of 15 and 34, accounting for 98% of testicular malignancies. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) have been reported to play important roles in TGCT proliferation, invasion, and functioned as prognostic biomarkers. Testis-specific transcript, Y-linked 14 (TTTY14), a long non-coding RNA localized on Chr Y q11.222, has been found to be a potential prognostic biomarker for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, gastric cancer, and osteosarcoma. The biological role of TTTY14 in TGCT is not well understood. In this study, we aim to clarify the biological role of TTTY14 in TGCT, as well as its role in TGCT survival prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy prediction through the deep mining of public data combined with the verification of cell biological experiments. We found that high TTTY14 expression was a poor survival prognostic factor in TGCT patients and the expression of TTTY14 might be regulated by copy number variation and DNA methylation. TTTY14 knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation of TGCT in vitro. TTTY14 expression was positively correlated with immune cell dysfunction, and significantly negatively correlated with B cells, CD8⁺ T cells, and macrophages, suggesting that TTTY14 may also affect the drug sensitivity by regulating the tumor immune microenvironment. In conclusion, we revealed that lncRNA TTTY14 was a novel oncogene and a biomarker in TGCT. TTTY14 may influence the drugs sensitivity through regulating the tumor immune microenvironment.

Anoikis resistance of small airway epithelium is involved in the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background

Anoikis resistance is recognized as a crucial step in the metastasis of cancer cells. Most epithelial tumors are distinguished by the ability of epithelial cells to abscond anoikis when detached from the extracellular matrix. However, no study has investigated the involvement of anoikis in the small airway epithelium (SAE) of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods

Anoikis-related genes (ANRGs) exhibiting differential expression in COPD were identified using microarray datasets obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Unsupervised clustering was performed to classify COPD patients into anoikis-related subtypes. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and gene set variation analysis (GSVA) were used to annotate the functions between different subtypes. Differential expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were leveraged to identify key molecules. The relative proportion of infiltrating immune cells in the SAE was quantified using the CIBERSORT and ssGSEA computational algorithms, and the correlation between key molecules and immune cell abundance was analyzed. The expression of key molecules in BEAS-2B cells exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) was validated using qRT-PCR.

Results

A total of 25 ANRGs exhibited differential expression in the SAE of COPD patients, based on which two subtypes of COPD patients with distinct anoikis patterns were identified. COPD patients with anoikis resistance had more advanced GOLD stages and cigarette consumption. Functional annotations revealed a different immune status between COPD patients with pro-anoikis and anoikis resistance. Tenomodulin (TNMD) and long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 656 (LINC00656) were subsequently identified as key molecules involved in this process, and a close correlation between TNMD and the infiltrating immune cells was observed, such as activated CD4+ memory T cells, M1 macrophages, and activated NK cells. Further enrichment analyses clarified the relationship between TNMD and the inflammatory and apoptotic signaling pathway as the potential mechanism for regulating anoikis. In vitro experiments showed a dramatic upregulation of TNMD and LINC00656 in BEAS-2B cells when exposed to 3% CSE for 48 hours.

Conclusion

TNMD contributes to the progression of COPD by inducing anoikis resistance in SAE, which is intimately associated with the immune microenvironment.

Metabolism-related long non-coding RNA in the stomach cancer associated with 11 AMMLs predictive nomograms for OS in STAD

Background: The metabolic processes involving amino acids are intimately linked to the onset and progression of cancer. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) perform an indispensable function in the modulation of metabolic processes as well as the advancement of tumors. Non-etheless, research into the role that amino acid metabolism-related LncRNAs (AMMLs) might play in predicting the prognosis of stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) has not been done. Therefore, This study sought to design a model for AMMLs to predict STAD-related prognosis and elucidate their immune properties and molecular mechanisms.

Methods: The STAD RNA-seq data in the TCGA-STAD dataset were randomized into the training and validation groups in a 1:1 ratio, and models were constructed and validated respectively. In the molecular signature database, This study screened for genes involved in amino acid metabolism. AMMLs were obtained by Pearson’s correlation analysis, and predictive risk characteristics were established using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, univariate Cox analysis, and multivariate Cox analysis. Subsequently, the immune and molecular profiles of high- and low-risk patients and the benefit of the drug were examined.

Results: Eleven AMMLs (LINC01697, LINC00460, LINC00592, MIR548XHG, LINC02728, RBAKDN, LINCOG, LINC00449, LINC01819, and UBE2R2-AS1) were used to develop a prognostic model. Moreover, high-risk individuals had worse overall survival (OS) than low-risk patients in the validation and comprehensive groups. A high-risk score was associated with cancer metastasis as well as angiogenic pathways and high infiltration of tumor-associated fibroblasts, Treg cells, and M2 macrophages; suppressed immune responses; and a more aggressive phenotype.

Conclusion: This study identified a risk signal associated with 11 AMMLs and established predictive nomograms for OS in STAD. These findings will help us personalize treatment for gastric cancer patients.

Prognostic value of antitumor drug targets prediction using integrated bioinformatic analysis for immunogenic cell death-related lncRNA model based on stomach adenocarcinoma characteristics and tumor immune microenvironment

Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) ranks as the fourth prevalent cause of mortality worldwide due to cancer. The prognosis for those suffering from STAD was bleak. Immunogenic cell death (ICD), a form of induced cellular death that causes an adaptive immune response and has increasing in anticancer treatment. However, it has not been ascertained how ICD-related lncRNAs affect STAD. Using univariate Cox regression and the TCGA database, lncRNAs with prognostic value were identified. Thereafter, we created a prognostic lncRNA-based model using LASSO. Kaplan-Meier assessment, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyzation, independent prognostic investigation, and nomogram were used to assess model correctness. Additional research included evaluations of the immunological microenvironment, gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA), tumor mutation burdens (TMBs), tumor immune dysfunctions and exclusions (TIDEs), and antitumor compounds IC50 predictions. We found 24 ICD-related lncRNAs with prognostic value via univariate Cox analysis (p < 0.05). Subsequently, a risk model was proposed using five lncRNAs relevant to ICD. The risk signature, correlated with immune cell infiltration, had strong predictive performance. Individuals at low-risk group outlived those at high risk (p < 0.001). An evaluation of the 5-lncRNA risk mode including ROC curves, nomograms, and correction curves confirmed its predictive capability. The findings of functional tests revealed a substantial alteration in immunological conditions and the IC50 sensitivity for the two groups. Using five ICD-related lncRNAs, the authors developed a new risk model for STAD patients that could predict their cumulative overall survival rate and guide their individual treatment.

LINC01526 Promotes Proliferation and Metastasis of Gastric Cancer by Interacting with TARBP2 to Induce GNG7 mRNA Decay

Simple Summary

Many long noncoding RNAs play an important role in gastric cancer progression. In this study, we focused on LINC01526. Through expression and functional analyses, we obtained a preliminary understanding of the pro-cancer role of LINC01526 in gastric cancer. Furthermore, RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation chip assays demonstrated that LINC01526 interacts with TARBP2, an RNA-binding protein controlling mRNA stability. Moreover, TARBP2 could bind and destabilize GNG7 transcripts. Finally, the rescue assay disclosed that LINC01526 promoted gastric cancer progression by interacting with TARBP2, leading to the degradation of GNG7 mRNA.

Abstract

Gastric cancer is the most common malignancy of the human digestive system. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) influence the occurrence and development of gastric cancer in multiple ways. However, the function and mechanism of LINC01526 in gastric cancer remain unknown. Herein, we investigated the function of LINC01526 with respect to the malignant progression of gastric cancer. We found that LINC01526 was upregulated in gastric cancer cells and tissues. The function experiments in vitro and the Xenograft mouse model in vivo proved that LINC01526 could promote gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration. Furthermore, LINC01526 interacted with TAR (HIV-1) RNA-binding protein 2 (TARBP2) and decreased the mRNA stability of G protein gamma 7 (GNG7) through TARBP2. Finally, the rescue assay showed that downregulating GNG7 partially rescued the cell proliferation inhibited by LINC01526 or TARBP2 silencing. In summary, LINC01526 promoted gastric cancer progression by interacting with TARBP2, which subsequently degraded GNG7 mRNA. This study not only explores the role of LINC01526 in gastric cancer, but also provides a laboratory basis for its use as a new biomarker for diagnosis and therapeutic targets.

Characterization and validation of a ferroptosis-related LncRNA signature as a novel prognostic model for lung adenocarcinoma in tumor microenvironment

Ferroptosis is a more relatively recently identified type of programmed cell death, which is associated with tumor progression. However, the mechanism underlying the effect of ferroptosis-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains elusive. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the role of ferroptosis-related lncRNAs in LUAD and to develop a prognostic model. The clinicopathological characteristics of patients and the gene sequencing data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas, while the ferroptosis-associated mRNAs were downloaded from the FerrDb database. A ferroptosis-related lncRNA signature was established with Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator Cox regression analysis. Furthermore, the risk scores of ferroptosis-related lncRNAs were calculated and LUAD patients were then assigned to high- and low-risk groups based on the median risk score. The prognostic model was established by K-M plotters and nomograms. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to evaluate the association between immune responses and ferroptosis-related lncRNAs. A total of 10 ferroptosis-related lncRNAs were identified as independent predictors of LUAD outcome, namely RP11-386M24.3, LINC00592, FENDRR, AC104699.1, AC091132.1, LANCL1-AS1, LINC-PINT, IFNG-AS1, LINC00968 and AC006129.2. The area under the curve verified that the established signatures could determine LUAD prognosis. The nomogram model was used to assess the predictive accuracy of the established signatures. Additionally, GSEA revealed that the 10 ferroptosis-related lncRNAs could be involved in immune responses in LUAD. Overall, the results of the current study may provide novel insights into the development of novel therapies or diagnostic strategies for LUAD.

Improve individual treatment by comparing treatment benefits: cancer artificial intelligence survival analysis system for cervical carcinoma

Purpose

The current study aimed to construct a novel cancer artificial intelligence survival analysis system for predicting the individual mortality risk curves for cervical carcinoma patients receiving different treatments.

Methods

Study dataset (n = 14,946) was downloaded from Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database. Accelerated failure time algorithm, multi-task logistic regression algorithm, and Cox proportional hazard regression algorithm were used to develop prognostic models for cancer specific survival of cervical carcinoma patients.

Results

Multivariate Cox regression identified stage, PM, chemotherapy, Age, PT, and radiation_surgery as independent influence factors for cervical carcinoma patients. The concordance indexes of Cox model were 0.860, 0.849, and 0.848 for 12-month, 36-month, and 60-month in model dataset, whereas it were 0.881, 0.845, and 0.841 in validation dataset. The concordance indexes of accelerated failure time model were 0.861, 0.852, and 0.851 for 12-month, 36-month, and 60-month in model dataset, whereas it were 0.882, 0.847, and 0.846 in validation dataset. The concordance indexes of multi-task logistic regression model were 0.860, 0.863, and 0.861 for 12-month, 36-month, and 60-month in model dataset, whereas it were 0.880, 0.860, and 0.861 in validation dataset. Brier score indicated that these three prognostic models have good diagnostic accuracy for cervical carcinoma patients. The current research lacked independent external validation study.

Conclusion

The current study developed a novel cancer artificial intelligence survival analysis system to provide individual mortality risk predictive curves for cervical carcinoma patients based on three different artificial intelligence algorithms. Cancer artificial intelligence survival analysis system could provide mortality percentage at specific time points and explore the actual treatment benefits under different treatments in four stages, which could help patient determine the best individualized treatment. Cancer artificial intelligence survival analysis system was available at: https://zhangzhiqiao15.shinyapps.io/Tumor_Artificial_Intelligence_Survival_Analysis_System/.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03491-8.

Identification of a Genomic Instability-Related Long Noncoding RNA Prognostic Model in Colorectal Cancer Based on Bioinformatic Analysis

Background. In recent years, a growing body of research has revealed that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in regulating genomic instability. Materials and Methods. We obtained RNA expression profiles, somatic mutation profiles, clinical information, and pathological features of colorectal cancer (CRC) from The Cancer Genome Atlas project. We divided the cohort into two groups based on mutation frequency and identified genomic instability-related lncRNAs (GI-lncRNAs) using R software. We further analyzed the function of identified GI-lncRNAs and established a prognostic model through Cox regression. Using the established prognostic model, we divided the cohort into the high- and low-risk groups and further verified the prognostic differences between the two groups as well as the predictive power of prognosis-related lncRNAs in the genomic instability of CRC. Results. We identified a total of 143 GI-lncRNAs that were differentially expressed between the higher mutation frequency group and the lower mutation frequency group. According to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway and Gene Ontology analyses, a series of cancer-associated terms were enriched. We further constructed a prognostic model that included five GI-lncRNAs (lncRNA PTPRD-AS1, lncRNA AC009237.14, lncRNA LINC00543, lncRNA AP003555.1, and lncRNA AL109615.3). We confirmed that the expression of the five GI-lncRNAs was associated with prognosis and the mutation of critical genes in the CRC patient cohort. Conclusions. The present research further confirmed the vital function of GI-lncRNAs in the genomic instability of CRC. The five GI-lncRNAs identified in our study are potential biomarkers and need to be studied in more depth.

Artificial intelligence predictive system of individual survival rate for lung adenocarcinoma

Background

The current research aimed to develop an artificial intelligence predictive system for individual survival rate of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).

Methods

Independent risk variables were identified by multivariate Cox regression. Artificial intelligence predictive system was constructed using three different data mining algorithms.

Results

Stage, PM, chemotherapy, PN, age, PT, sex, and radiation_surgery were determined as risk factors for LUAD patients. For 12-month survival rate in model cohort, concordance indexes of RFS, MTLR, and Cox models were 0.852, 0.821, and 0.835, respectively. For 36-month survival rate in model cohort, concordance indexes of RFS, MTLR, and Cox models were 0.901, 0.864, and 0.862, respectively. For 60-month survival rate in model cohort, concordance indexes of RFS, MTLR, and Cox models were 0.899, 0.874, and 0.866, respectively. The concordance indexes in validation dataset were similar to those in model dataset.

Conclusions

The current study designed an individualized survival predictive system, which could provide individual survival curves using three different artificial intelligence algorithms. This artificial intelligence predictive system could directly convey treatment benefits by comparing individual mortality risk curves under different treatments. This artificial intelligence predictive tool is available at https://zhangzhiqiao11.shinyapps.io/Artificial_Intelligence_Survival_Prediction_System_AI_E1001/.

Bioinformatics analysis reveals immune prognostic markers for overall survival of colorectal cancer patients: a novel machine learning survival predictive system

Objectives

Immune microenvironment was closely related to the occurrence and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). The objective of the current research was to develop and verify a Machine learning survival predictive system for CRC based on immune gene expression data and machine learning algorithms.

Methods

The current study performed differentially expressed analyses between normal tissues and tumor tissues. Univariate Cox regression was used to screen prognostic markers for CRC. Prognostic immune genes and transcription factors were used to construct an immune-related regulatory network. Three machine learning algorithms were used to create an Machine learning survival predictive system for CRC. Concordance indexes, calibration curves, and Brier scores were used to evaluate the performance of prognostic model.

Results

Twenty immune genes (BCL2L12, FKBP10, XKRX, WFS1, TESC, CCR7, SPACA3, LY6G6C, L1CAM, OSM, EXTL1, LY6D, FCRL5, MYEOV, FOXD1, REG3G, HAPLN1, MAOB, TNFSF11, and AMIGO3) were recognized as independent risk factors for CRC. A prognostic nomogram was developed based on the previous immune genes. Concordance indexes were 0.852, 0.778, and 0.818 for 1-, 3- and 5-year survival. This prognostic model could discriminate high risk patients with poor prognosis from low risk patients with favorable prognosis.

Conclusions

The current study identified twenty prognostic immune genes for CRC patients and constructed an immune-related regulatory network. Based on three machine learning algorithms, the current research provided three individual mortality predictive curves. The Machine learning survival predictive system was available at: https://zhangzhiqiao8.shinyapps.io/Artificial_Intelligence_Survival_Prediction_for_CRC_B1005_1/, which was valuable for individualized treatment decision before surgery.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12859-022-04657-3.

C5orf66 rs4976270/rs639933 Are Associated with Colorectal Cancer Risk in Southern Chinese Han Population: A Case-Control Study

BACKGROUND

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the common malignant tumors, with high mortality and poor prognosis. Our study aimed to determine the association between the long noncoding RNA (LncRNA) C5orf66 polymorphism and CRC risk in southern Chinese Han population.

METHOD

Using the experimental design of "case-control" study (512 cases and 513 controls), we selected 4 candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of C5orf66. All candidate SNPs were genotyped by Agena MassARRAY. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between SNPs and CRC risk. Then, we used false-positive report probability analysis to detect whether the significant result is just a chance or noteworthy observation. Multi-factor dimensionality reduction was used to analyze the interaction of "SNP-SNP" in CRC risk.

RESULTS

Our results showed that C5orf66 SNPs rs4976270 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.69, p = 0.021) and rs639933 (OR = 1.67, p = 0.024) were, respectively, associated with increasing CRC risk in the southern Chinese Han population. Stratified analysis showed that rs4976270 and rs639933 were significantly associated with an increased risk of CRC in subgroups (>60 years, body mass index ≤24 and drinking) under multiple genetic models. In addition, rs254563 and rs647161 also had potential association with CRC risk in subgroups (BMI ≤24 and drinking). Finally, haplotype analysis results showed that haplotype "TA" was significantly associated with increased CRC risk (OR = 1.21, confidence interval = 1.47-2.02, p = 0.043).

CONCLUSION

Our study provides a new idea for the risk assessment of CRC. LncRNA C5orf66 SNPs have a certain association with CRC risk in the southern Chinese Han population.

Age-related DNA methylation on Y chromosome and their associations with total mortality among Chinese males

In view of the sex differences in aging‐related diseases, sex chromosomes may play a critical role during aging process. This study aimed to identify age‐related DNA methylation changes on Y chromosome (ChrY). A two‐stage study design was conducted in this study. The discovery stage contained 419 Chinese males, including 205 from the Wuhan‐Zhuhai cohort panel, 107 from the coke oven workers panel, and 107 from the Shiyan panel. The validation stage contained 587 Chinese males from the Dongfeng‐Tongji sub‐cohort. We used the Illumina HumanMethylation BeadChip to determine genome‐wide DNA methylation in peripheral blood of the study participants. The associations between age and methylation levels of ChrY CpGs were investigated by using linear regression models with adjustment for potential confounders. Further, associations of age‐related ChrY CpGs with all‐cause mortality were tested in the validation stage. We identified the significant associations of 41 ChrY CpGs with age at false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05 in the discovery stage, and 18 of them were validated in the validation stage (p < 0.05). Meta‐analysis of both stages confirmed the robust positive associations of 14 CpGs and negative associations of 4 CpGs with age (FDR<0.05). Among them, cg03441493 and cg17816615 were significantly associated with all‐cause mortality risk [HR(95% CI) = 1.37 (1.04, 1.79) and 0.70 (0.54, 0.93), respectively]. Our results highlighted the importance of ChrY CpGs on male aging.

Long non-coding RNAs: Biogenesis, functions, and clinical significance in gastric cancer

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent malignant tumor types and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Its morbidity and mortality are very high due to a lack of understanding about its pathogenesis and the slow development of novel therapeutic strategies. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs with a length of more than 200 nt. They play crucial roles in a wide spectrum of physiological and pathological processes by regulating the expression of genes involved in proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, cell cycle, invasion, metastasis, DNA damage, and carcinogenesis. The aberrant expression of lncRNAs has been found in various cancer types. A growing amount of evidence demonstrates that lncRNAs are involved in many aspects of GC pathogenesis, including its occurrence, metastasis, and recurrence, indicating their potential role as novel biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic targets of GC. This review systematically summarizes the biogenesis, biological properties, and functions of lncRNAs and highlights their critical role and clinical significance in GC. This information may contribute to the development of better diagnostics and treatments for GC.

Helicobacter pylori Infection-Related Long Non-Coding RNA Signatures Predict the Prognostic Status for Gastric Cancer Patients

Background

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a type I biological carcinogen, which may cause about 75% of the total incidence of gastric cancer worldwide. H. pylori infection can induce and activate the cancer-promoting signaling pathway and affect the occurrence and outcome of gastric cancer through controlling the regulatory functions of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). However, we have no understanding of the prognostic worth of lncRNAs for gastric cancer patients infected with H. pylori.

Method

We screened differentially expressed lncRNAs using DESeq2 method among TCGA database. And we built the H. pylori infection-related lncRNAs regulatory patterns. Then, we constructed H. pylori infection-based lncRNAs prognostic signatures for gastric cancer patients together with H. pylori infection, via uni-variable and multi-variable COX regression analyses. Based on receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, we evaluated the prediction effectiveness for this model.

Results

We identified 115 H. pylori infection-related genes were differentially expressed among H. pylori-infected gastric cancer tissues versus gastric cancer tissues. Functional enrichment analysis implies that H. pylori infection might interfere with the immune-related pathways among gastric cancer tissues. Then, we built H. pylori infection-related dys-regulated lncRNA regulatory networks. We also identified 13 differentially expressed lncRNAs were associated with prognosis for gastric cancer patients together with H. pylori infection. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that the lncRNA signatures were correlated with the poor prognosis. What is more, the AUC of the lncRNA signatures was 0.712. Also, this prognostic prediction model was superior to the traditional clinical characters.

Conclusion

We successfully constructed a H. pylori-related lncRNA risk signature and nomogram associated with H. pylori-infected gastric cancer patients prognosis, and the signature and nomogram can predict the prognosis of these patients.

Interference with KCNJ2 inhibits proliferation, migration and EMT progression of apillary thyroid carcinoma cells by upregulating GNG2 expression

Papillary thyroid carcinoma is a common malignant tumor of the endocrine system. The specific role and molecular mechanism of potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 2 (KCNJ2) in papillary thyroid carcinoma remain unknown. In the present study, the underlying mechanism of KCNJ2 in papillary thyroid carcinoma was explored. KCNJ2 expression in thyroid cancer tissues was predicted using the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis database, and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blot analyses were performed to detect KCNJ2 expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma cell lines. Cell transfection was performed to inhibit KCNJ2 and G protein subunit γ2 (GNG2) expression. In addition, cell proliferation was detected via the colony formation and MTT assays. The wound healing and Transwell assays were performed to assess cell migration and invasion, respectively. Western blot analysis was performed to detect the expression levels of transport‑related proteins and interstitial related proteins. The StarBase database was used to detect GNG2 expression in thyroid cancer. The results demonstrated that KCNJ2 expression was upregulated in papillary thyroid carcinoma cells. In addition, interfering with KCNJ2 expression inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration of papillary thyroid carcinoma cells, and inhibited the epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition (EMT). These processes may be influenced by the upregulation of GNG2 expression induced by KCNJ2 knockdown. Overall , the results of the present study demonstrated that interference with KCNJ2 inhibited proliferation, migration and EMT progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma cells by upregulating GNG2 expression.

Individual mortality risk predictive system of patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure based on a random survival forest model

Background:

The basis of individualized treatment should be individualized mortality risk predictive information. The present study aimed to develop an online individual mortality risk predictive tool for acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) patients based on a random survival forest (RSF) algorithm.

Methods:

The current study retrospectively enrolled ACLF patients from the Department of Infectious Diseases of The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, and Jiangmen Central Hospital. Two hundred seventy-six consecutive ACLF patients were included in the present study as a model cohort (n = 276). Then the current study constructed a validation cohort by drawing patients from the model dataset based on the resampling method (n = 276). The RSF algorithm was used to develop an individual prognostic model for ACLF patients. The Brier score was used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of prognostic models. The weighted mean rank estimation method was used to compare the differences between the areas under the time-dependent ROC curves (AUROCs) of prognostic models.

Results:

Multivariate Cox regression identified hepatic encephalopathy (HE), age, serum sodium level, acute kidney injury (AKI), red cell distribution width (RDW), and international normalization index (INR) as independent risk factors for ACLF patients. A simplified RSF model was developed based on these previous risk factors. The AUROCs for predicting 3-, 6-, and 12-month mortality were 0.916, 0.916, and 0.905 for the RSF model and 0.872, 0.866, and 0.848 for the Cox model in the model cohort, respectively. The Brier scores were 0.119, 0.119, and 0.128 for the RSF model and 0.138, 0.146, and 0.156 for the Cox model, respectively. The nonparametric comparison suggested that the RSF model was superior to the Cox model for predicting the prognosis of ACLF patients.

Conclusions:

The current study developed a novel online individual mortality risk predictive tool that could predict individual mortality risk predictive curves for individual patients. Additionally, the current online individual mortality risk predictive tool could further provide predicted mortality percentages and 95% confidence intervals at user-defined time points.

Potential Prognostic Immune Biomarkers of Overall Survival in Ovarian Cancer Through Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analysis: A Novel Artificial Intelligence Survival Prediction System

Background: The tumour immune microenvironment plays an important role in the biological mechanisms of tumorigenesis and progression. Artificial intelligence medicine studies based on big data and advanced algorithms are helpful for improving the accuracy of prediction models of tumour prognosis. The current research aims to explore potential prognostic immune biomarkers and develop a predictive model for the overall survival of ovarian cancer (OC) based on artificial intelligence algorithms.

Methods: Differential expression analyses were performed between normal tissues and tumour tissues. Potential prognostic biomarkers were identified using univariate Cox regression. An immune regulatory network was constructed of prognostic immune genes and their highly related transcription factors. Multivariate Cox regression was used to identify potential independent prognostic immune factors and develop a prognostic model for ovarian cancer patients. Three artificial intelligence algorithms, random survival forest, multitask logistic regression, and Cox survival regression, were used to develop a novel artificial intelligence survival prediction system.

Results: The current study identified 1,307 differentially expressed genes and 337 differentially expressed immune genes between tumour samples and normal samples. Further univariate Cox regression identified 84 prognostic immune gene biomarkers for ovarian cancer patients in the model dataset (GSE32062 dataset and GSE53963 dataset). An immune regulatory network was constructed involving 63 immune genes and 5 transcription factors. Fourteen immune genes (PSMB9, FOXJ1, IFT57, MAL, ANXA4, CTSH, SCRN1, MIF, LTBR, CTSD, KIFAP3, PSMB8, HSPA5, and LTN1) were recognised as independent risk factors by multivariate Cox analyses. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that these 14 prognostic immune genes were closely related to the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients. A prognostic nomogram was developed by using these 14 prognostic immune genes. The concordance indexes were 0.760, 0.733, and 0.765 for 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival, respectively. This prognostic model could differentiate high-risk patients with poor overall survival from low-risk patients. According to three artificial intelligence algorithms, the current study developed an artificial intelligence survival predictive system that could provide three individual mortality risk curves for ovarian cancer.

Conclusion: In conclusion, the current study identified 1,307 differentially expressed genes and 337 differentially expressed immune genes in ovarian cancer patients. Multivariate Cox analyses identified fourteen prognostic immune biomarkers for ovarian cancer. The current study constructed an immune regulatory network involving 63 immune genes and 5 transcription factors, revealing potential regulatory associations among immune genes and transcription factors. The current study developed a prognostic model to predict the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients. The current study further developed two artificial intelligence predictive tools for ovarian cancer, which are available at https://zhangzhiqiao8.shinyapps.io/Smart_Cancer_Survival_Predictive_System_17_OC_F1001/ and https://zhangzhiqiao8.shinyapps.io/Gene_Survival_Subgroup_Analysis_17_OC_F1001/. An artificial intelligence survival predictive system could help improve individualised treatment decision-making.

Competing endogenous RNA network identifies mRNA biomarkers for overall survival of lung adenocarcinoma: two novel on-line precision medicine predictive tools

Background

Individual mortality risk predicted curve at the individual level can provide valuable information for directing individual treatment decision. The present study attempted to explore potential post-transcriptional biological regulatory mechanism related with overall survival of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients through competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network and develop two precision medicine predictive tools for predicting the individual mortality risk curves for overall survival of LUAD patients.

Methods

Multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed to explore the potential prognostic indicators, which were used to construct a prognostic model for overall survival of LUAD patients. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the predictive performance of prognostic model.

Results

There were 494 LUAD patients in model cohort and 233 LUAD patients in validation cohort. Differentially expressed mRNAs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs were identified between LUAD tissues and normal tissues. A ceRNA regulatory network was constructed on previous differentially expressed mRNAs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs. Fourteen mRNA biomarkers were identified as independent risk factors by multivariate Cox regression and used to develop a prognostic model for overall survival of LUAD patients. The C-indexes of prognostic model in model group were 0.786 (95% CI [0.744–0.828]), 0.736 (95% CI [0.694–0.778]) and 0.766 (95% CI [0.724–0.808]) for one year, two year and three year overall survival respectively. Two precision medicine predicted tools were developed for predicting individual mortality risk curves for LUAD patients.

Conclusion

The current study explored potential post-transcriptional biological regulatory mechanism and prognostic biomarkers for overall survival of LUAD patients. Two on-line precision medicine predictive tools were helpful to predict the individual mortality risk predicted curves for overall survival of LUAD patients. Smart Cancer Survival Predictive System could be used at https://zhangzhiqiao2.shinyapps.io/Smart_cancer_predictive_system_9_LUAD_E1002/.

Immune gene prognostic signature for disease free survival of gastric cancer: Translational research of an artificial intelligence survival predictive system

The progress of artificial intelligence algorithms and massive data provide new ideas and choices for individual mortality risk prediction for cancer patients. The current research focused on depict immune gene related regulatory network and develop an artificial intelligence survival predictive system for disease free survival of gastric cancer.

Multi-task logistic regression algorithm, Cox survival regression algorithm, and Random survival forest algorithm were used to develop the artificial intelligence survival predictive system.

Nineteen transcription factors and seventy immune genes were identified to construct a transcription factor regulatory network of immune genes. Multivariate Cox regression identified fourteen immune genes as prognostic markers. These immune genes were used to construct a prognostic signature for gastric cancer. Concordance indexes were 0.800, 0.809, and 0.856 for 1-, 3- and 5- year survival. An interesting artificial intelligence survival predictive system was developed based on three artificial intelligence algorithms for gastric cancer. Gastric cancer patients with high risk score have poor survival than patients with low risk score.

The current study constructed a transcription factor regulatory network and developed two artificial intelligence survival prediction tools for disease free survival of gastric cancer patients. These artificial intelligence survival prediction tools are helpful for individualized treatment decision.

Identification of a Novel Prognostic Signature for Gastric Cancer Based on Multiple Level Integration and Global Network Optimization

Gastric Cancer (GC) is a common cancer worldwide with a high morbidity and mortality rate in Asia. Many prognostic signatures from genes and non-coding RNA (ncRNA) levels have been identified by high-throughput expression profiling for GC. To date, there have been no reports on integrated optimization analysis based on the GC global lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network and the prognostic mechanism has not been studied. In the present work, a Gastric Cancer specific lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network (GCsLMM) was constructed based on the ceRNA hypothesis by combining miRNA-target interactions and data on the expression of GC. To mine for novel prognostic signatures associated with GC, we performed topological analysis, a random walk with restart algorithm, in the GCsLMM from three levels, miRNA-, mRNA-, and lncRNA-levels. We further obtained candidate prognostic signatures by calculating the integrated score and analyzed the robustness of these signatures by combination strategy. The biological roles of key candidate signatures were also explored. Finally, we targeted the PHF10 gene and analyzed the expression patterns of PHF10 in independent datasets. The findings of this study will improve our understanding of the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory mechanisms and further facilitate the discovery of novel prognostic biomarkers for GC clinical guidelines.

The Non-Coding RNA GAS5 and Its Role in Tumor Therapy-Induced Resistance

The growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) is a >200-nt lncRNA molecule that regulates several cellular functions, including proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis, across different types of human cancers. Here, we reviewed the current literature on the expression of GAS5 in leukemia, cervical, breast, ovarian, prostate, urinary bladder, lung, gastric, colorectal, liver, osteosarcoma and brain cancers, as well as its interaction with various miRNAs and its effect on therapy-related resistance in these malignancies. The general consensus is that GAS5 acts as a tumor suppressor across different tumor types and that its up-regulation results in tumor sensitization to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. GAS5 seems to play a previously unappreciated, but significant role in tumor therapy-induced resistance.

Bioinformatics Identified 17 Immune Genes as Prognostic Biomarkers for Breast Cancer: Application Study Based on Artificial Intelligence Algorithms

An increasing body of evidence supports the association of immune genes with tumorigenesis and prognosis of breast cancer (BC). This research aims at exploring potential regulatory mechanisms and identifying immunogenic prognostic markers for BC, which were used to construct a prognostic signature for disease-free survival (DFS) of BC based on artificial intelligence algorithms. Differentially expressed immune genes were identified between normal tissues and tumor tissues. Univariate Cox regression identified potential prognostic immune genes. Thirty-four transcription factors and 34 immune genes were used to develop an immune regulatory network. The artificial intelligence survival prediction system was developed based on three artificial intelligence algorithms. Multivariate Cox analyses determined 17 immune genes (ADAMTS8, IFNG, XG, APOA5, SIAH2, C2CD2, STAR, CAMP, CDH19, NTSR1, PCDHA1, AMELX, FREM1, CLEC10A, CD1B, CD6, and LTA) as prognostic biomarkers for BC. A prognostic nomogram was constructed on these prognostic genes. Concordance indexes were 0.782, 0.734, and 0.735 for 1-, 3-, and 5- year DFS. The DFS in high-risk group was significantly worse than that in low-risk group. Artificial intelligence survival prediction system provided three individual mortality risk predictive curves based on three artificial intelligence algorithms. In conclusion, comprehensive bioinformatics identified 17 immune genes as potential prognostic biomarkers, which might be potential candidates of immunotherapy targets in BC patients. The current study depicted regulatory network between transcription factors and immune genes, which was helpful to deepen the understanding of immune regulatory mechanisms for BC cancer. Two artificial intelligence survival predictive systems are available at https://zhangzhiqiao7.shinyapps.io/Smart_Cancer_Survival_Predictive_System_16_BC_C1005/ and https://zhangzhiqiao8.shinyapps.io/Gene_Survival_Subgroup_Analysis_16_BC_C1005/. These novel artificial intelligence survival predictive systems will be helpful to improve individualized treatment decision-making.

Genome-wide analysis of lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs forming a prognostic scoring system in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Background

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the main subtype of esophageal carcinoma. Protein coding genes and non-coding RNAs can be powerful prognostic factors in multiple cancers, including ESCC. However, there is currently no model that integrates multiple types of RNA expression signatures to predict clinical outcomes.

Methods

The sequencing data (RNA-sequencing and miRNA-sequencing) and clinical data of ESCC patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and Differential gene expression analysis, Cox regression analysis and Spearman correlation analysis were used to construct prognosis-related lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network and scoring system with multiple types of RNA. The potential molecular mechanisms of prognostic mRNAs were explored by functional enrichment analysis.

Results

A total of 62 prognostic lncRNAs, eight prognostic miRNAs and 66 prognostic mRNAs were identified in ESCC (P-value < 0.05) and a prognosis-related lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network was created. Five prognosis-related hub RNAs (CDCA2, MTBP, CENPE, PBK, AL033384.1) were identified. Biological process analysis revealed that mRNAs in prognosis-related co-expression RNA network were mainly enriched in cell cycle, mitotic cell cycle and nuclear division. Additionally, we constructed a prognostic scoring system for ESCC using ten signature RNAs (MLIP, TNFSF10, SIK2, LINC01068, LINC00601, TTTY14, AC084262.1, LINC01415, miR-5699-3p, miR-552-5p). Using this system, patients in the low-risk group had better long-term survival than those in the high-risk group (log-rank, P-value < 0.0001). The area under the ROC curve (AUCs) revealed that the accuracy of the prediction model was higher than the accuracy of single type of RNA prediction model.

Conclusion

In brief, we constructed a prognostic scoring system based on multiple types of RNA for ESCC that showed high predicting prognosis performance, and deeply understood the regulatory mechanism of prognosis-related lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network.

A 6 lncRNA-Based Risk Score System for Predicting the Recurrence of Colon Adenocarcinoma Patients

Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is a common type of colon cancer, and post-operative recurrence and metastasis may occur in COAD patients. This study is designed to build a risk score system for COAD patients. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset of COAD (the training set) was downloaded, and GSE17538 and GSE39582 (the validation sets) from Gene Expression Omnibus database were obtained. The differentially expressed RNAs (DERs) were analyzed by limma package. Using survival package, the independent prognosis-associated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were selected for constructing risk score system. After the independent clinical prognostic factors were screened out using survival package, a nomogram survival model was constructed using rms package. Furthermore, competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network and enrichment analyses separately were performed using Cytoscape software and DAVID tool. Totally 404 DERs between recurrence and non-recurrence groups were identified. Based on the six independent prognosis-associated lncRNAs (including H19, KCNJ2-AS1, LINC00899, LINC01503, PRKAG2-AS1, and SRRM2-AS1), the risk score system was constructed. After the independent clinical prognostic factors (Pathologic M, pathologic T, and RS model status) were identified, the nomogram survival model was built. In the ceRNA regulatory network, there were three lncRNAs, four miRNAs, and 77 mRNAs. Additionally, PPAR signaling pathway and hedgehog signaling pathway were enriched for the mRNAs in the ceRNA regulatory network. The risk score system and the nomogram survival model might be used for predicting COAD recurrence. Besides, PPAR signaling pathway and hedgehog signaling pathway might affect the recurrence of COAD patients.

Two precision medicine predictive tools for six malignant solid tumors: from gene-based research to clinical application

Background

The current study aimed to construct competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulation network and develop two precision medicine predictive tools for colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods

Differentially expressed (DE) analyses were performed between CRC tissues and normal tissues. A ceRNA regulation network was constructed based on DElncRNAs, DEmiRNAs, and DEmRNAs.

Results

Fifteen mRNAs (ENDOU, MFN2, FASLG, SHOC2, VEGFA, ZFPM2, HOXC6, KLK10, DDIT4, LPGAT1, BEX4, DENND5B, PHF20L1, HSP90B1, and PSPC1) were identified as prognostic biomarkers for CRC by multivariate Cox regression. Then a Fifteen-mRNA signature was developed to predict overall survival for CRC patients. Concordance indexes were 0.817, 0.838, and 0.825 for 1-, 2- and 3-year overall survival. Patients with high risk scores have worse OS compared with patients with low risk scores.

Conclusion

The current study provided deeper understanding of prognosis-related ceRNA regulatory network for CRC. Two precision medicine predictive tools named Smart Cancer Survival Predictive System and Gene Survival Analysis Screen System were constructed for CRC. These two precision medicine predictive tools can provide valuable precious individual mortality risk prediction before surgery and improve the individualized treatment decision-making.