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Morelli AM, Scholkmann F. Should the standard model of cellular energy metabolism be reconsidered? Possible coupling between the pentose phosphate pathway, glycolysis and extra-mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Biochimie 2024; 221:99-109. [PMID: 38307246 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The process of cellular respiration occurs for energy production through catabolic reactions, generally with glucose as the first process step. In the present work, we introduce a novel concept for understanding this process, based on our conclusion that glucose metabolism is coupled to the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and extra-mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in a closed-loop process. According to the current standard model of glycolysis, glucose is first converted to glucose 6-phosphate (glucose 6-P) and then to fructose 6-phosphate, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and pyruvate, which then enters the Krebs cycle in the mitochondria. However, it is more likely that the pyruvate will be converted to lactate. In the PPP, glucose 6-P is branched off from glycolysis and used to produce NADPH and ribulose 5-phosphate (ribulose 5-P). Ribulose 5-P can be converted to fructose 6-P and glyceraldehyde 3-P. In our view, a circular process can take place in which the ribulose 5-P produced by the PPP enters the glycolysis pathway and is then retrogradely converted to glucose 6-P. This process is repeated several times until the complete degradation of glucose 6-P. The role of mitochondria in this process is to degrade lipids by beta-oxidation and produce acetyl-CoA; the function of producing ATP appears to be only secondary. This proposed new concept of cellular bioenergetics allows the resolution of some previously unresolved controversies related to cellular respiration and provides a deeper understanding of metabolic processes in the cell, including new insights into the Warburg effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felix Scholkmann
- Neurophotonics and Biosignal Processing Research Group, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Chen JY, Chang CF, Huang SP, Huang CY, Yu CC, Lin VC, Geng JH, Li CY, Lu TL, Bao BY. Integrated analysis identifies GABRB3 as a biomarker in prostate cancer. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:41. [PMID: 38287309 PMCID: PMC10826114 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-024-01816-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment failure following androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) presents a significant challenge in the management of advanced prostate cancer. Thus, understanding the genetic factors influencing this process could facilitate the development of personalized treatments and innovative therapeutic strategies. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in controlling cell growth and tumorigenesis. We hypothesized that genetic variants within this pathway may affect the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing ADT for prostate cancer. METHODS We genotyped 399 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across 28 core PI3K/AKT pathway genes in a cohort of 630 patients with prostate cancer undergoing ADT. We assessed the potential association of the SNPs with patient survival. Functional analyses of the implicated genes were also performed to evaluate their effects on prostate cancer. RESULTS After multivariate Cox regression analysis and multiple testing correction, GABRB3 rs12591845 exhibited the most significant association with both overall and cancer-specific survivals (P < 0.003). A comprehensive pooled analysis of 16 independent gene expression datasets revealed elevated expression of GABRB3 in prostate cancer tissues compared to that in normal tissues (P < 0.001). Furthermore, gene set enrichment analysis unveiled differential enrichment of pathways such as myogenesis, interferon γ and α responses, and the MYC proto-oncogene pathway in tumors with elevated GABRB3 expression, implying a role for GABRB3 in prostate cancer. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that rs12591845 could potentially serve as a valuable prognostic indicator for patients undergoing ADT. The potential role of GABRB3 in promoting prostate tumorigenesis is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 100 Jingmao Road Section 1, 406, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fen Chang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, 406, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Pin Huang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 807, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, College of Medicine , National Sun Yat-Sen University, 804, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yuan Huang
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, 100, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Cheng Yu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, 813, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University , 112, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, 907, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Victor C Lin
- Department of Urology, E-Da Hospital, 824, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, 840, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Hung Geng
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 807, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, 812, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yang Li
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 807, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Ling Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 100 Jingmao Road Section 1, 406, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Ying Bao
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 100 Jingmao Road Section 1, 406, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Zhou J, Lan F, Liu M, Wang F, Ning X, Yang H, Sun H. Hypoxia inducible factor-1ɑ as a potential therapeutic target for osteosarcoma metastasis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1350187. [PMID: 38327979 PMCID: PMC10847273 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1350187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant tumor originating from mesenchymal tissue. Pulmonary metastasis is usually present upon initial diagnosis, and metastasis is the primary factor affecting the poor prognosis of patients with OS. Current research shows that the ability to regulate the cellular microenvironment is essential for preventing the distant metastasis of OS, and anoxic microenvironments are important features of solid tumors. During hypoxia, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression levels and stability increase. Increased HIF-1α promotes tumor vascular remodeling, epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT), and OS cells invasiveness; this leads to distant metastasis of OS cells. HIF-1α plays an essential role in the mechanisms of OS metastasis. In order to develop precise prognostic indicators and potential therapeutic targets for OS treatment, this review examines the molecular mechanisms of HIF-1α in the distant metastasis of OS cells; the signal transduction pathways mediated by HIF-1α are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghu Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Fengjun Lan
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Fengyan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xu Ning
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Anbu S, Kenning L, Stasiuk GJ. ATP-responsive Mn(II)-based T1 contrast agent for MRI. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13623-13626. [PMID: 37902503 PMCID: PMC10644988 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03430e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
A novel diacetylpyridylcarbohydrazide-DAPyCOHz-based manganese(II) chelate with dipicolylamine/zinc(II) (DPA/Zn2+) arms (MnLDPA-Zn2) was developed for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) responsive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T1 contrast applications. Compound 2 shows enhanced relaxivity (r1 = 11.52 mM-1 s-1) upon selective ATP binding over other phosphates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sellamuthu Anbu
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Lawerence Kenning
- MRI Centre, Royal Infirmary Hospital NHS Trust, Anlaby Road, Hull, HU3 2JZ, UK
| | - Graeme J Stasiuk
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, Fourth Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
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Yang L, Zhang K, Zheng D, Bai Y, Yue D, Wu L, Ling H, Ni S, Zou H, Ye B, Liu C, Deng Y, Liu Q, Li Y, Wang D. Platelet-Based Nanoparticles with Stimuli-Responsive for Anti-Tumor Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:6293-6309. [PMID: 37954456 PMCID: PMC10637234 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s436373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to hemostasis and coagulation, years of studies have proved that platelets are involved in the whole process of tumor progression, including tumor invasion, intravasation, extravasation, and so on. It means that this property of platelets can be used in anti-tumor therapy. However, traditional platelet-based antitumor drugs often cause autologous platelet damage due to lack of targeting, resulting in serious side effects. Therefore, the researchers designed a variety of anti-tumor drug delivery systems based on platelets by targeting platelets or platelet membrane coating. The drug delivery systems have special response modes, which is crucial in the design of nanoparticles. These modes enhance the targeting and improve the anti-tumor effect. Here, we present a review of recent discoveries in the field of the crosstalk between platelets and tumors and the progress of platelet-based anti-tumor nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlan Yang
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaijiong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongming Zheng
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Bai
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daifan Yue
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lichun Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Han Ling
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sujiao Ni
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haimin Zou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Ye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiancheng Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory of Mianyang People’s Hospital, Mianyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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