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Carvalho EDA, Terra RM, Pinheiro Campos AC, Martinez RCR, Pagano RL, Amano MT, Real JM, de Andrade DC, Pêgo Fernandes PM. Vagal electrostimulation in postoperative thoracic surgery reduces the systemic inflammatory response and cardiopulmonary complications: an experimental study in pigs. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2023; 11:347. [PMID: 37675307 PMCID: PMC10477644 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-2919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Conventional thoracotomy (CT) often leads to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), which induces several clinical complications. CT remains widely used in low-income institutions. Although minimally invasive surgical procedures, such as robotic surgery (RS), have been used to prevent many of the complications inherit from the surgical procedure. Here, we investigated the protective effect of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in a pre-clinical model during CT or RS and postoperative period (POP) relative to clinical complications and inflammatory control. The objective was to compare hemodynamic features and cytokine levels in the blood, lung, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids of animals subjected to CT or RS with or without VNS. Methods Twenty-four minipigs were subjected to 12 animals CT and 12 animals RS, with or without VNS, and accompanied 24 h later by pulmonary lobectomy. Blood samples for evaluating the hemodynamic parameters were collected before the surgical preparation, immediately after the beginning of VNS, and every 4 h until 24 h after the lobectomy. BAL fluid and lung tissue were collected at the end of the experiment. Cytokine levels were evaluated in the blood, BAL fluid, and lung tissues. Results VNS maintained a more stable heart rate during POP and decreased the incidence of overall cardiac complications while preventing increase in IL-6 levels 12 h after lobectomy, compared to sham animals. No differences were found in cytokine expression in the BAL fluid and lung tissue in any of the studied groups. Conclusions Taken together, our data suggested that VNS should be considered a non-pharmacological tool in the prevention of the exacerbated inflammatory response responsible for severe clinical complications, especially in more aggressive surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlon de Avila Carvalho
- Instituto do Coração, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Mingarini Terra
- Instituto do Coração, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Chacon Ruiz Martinez
- Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- LIM/23, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Ciampi de Andrade
- Department of Neurology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Does Antibody Avidity to Plasmodium falciparum Merozoite Antigens Increase with Age in Individuals Living in Malaria-Endemic Areas? Infect Immun 2021; 89:IAI.00522-20. [PMID: 33722929 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00522-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High-avidity antibodies (Abs) are acquired after a few Plasmodium falciparum infections in low transmission areas, but it remains unclear if Ab avidity to different merozoite antigens increases with age in individuals with persistent antigenemia and, if so, when a fully mature Ab response occurs. The study used plasma samples collected between 1996 and 1998 from 566 individuals aged 4 to 84 years in Simbok, Cameroon, where residents received an estimated 1.6 infectious mosquito bites/person/night. Plasma samples were examined for Ab levels (median fluorescence intensity [MFI]) and Ab avidity index (AI) (where AI = [MFI after treatment with 2 M NH4SCN/MFI without salt] × 100) using a bead-based multiplex immunoassay for recombinant AMA1, EBA-175, MSP1-42 (3D7, FVO), MSP2 (3D7, Fc27), and MSP3. Blood-smear positivity for P. falciparum declined with age from 54.3% at 4 to 5 years to 18% at 16 to 40 years and <11% at >40 years of age, although most individuals had submicroscopic parasitemia. Ab affinity maturation, based on age-related patterns of median AI, percentage of individuals with AI of ≥50, and strength of association between MFI and AI, occurred at different rates among the antigens; they developed rapidly before age 4 years for AMA1, increased gradually with age for EBA-175 and MSP1 until ∼16 to 25 years, but occurred negligibly for MSP2 and MSP3. In a hyperendemic area with perennial transmission, affinity maturation resulting in an increase in the proportion of high-avidity Abs occurred for some merozoite antigens, in parallel with a decline in malaria slide passivity, but not for others.
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Oriero EC, Olukosi AY, Oduwole OA, Djimde A, D'Alessandro U, Meremikwu MM, Amambua-Ngwa A. Seroprevalence and Parasite Rates of Plasmodium malariae in a High Malaria Transmission Setting of Southern Nigeria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:2208-2216. [PMID: 33124531 PMCID: PMC7695047 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Plasmodium falciparum continues to be the main target for malaria elimination, other Plasmodium species persist in Africa. Their clinical diagnosis is uncommon, whereas rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), the most widely used malaria diagnostic tools, are only able to distinguish between P. falciparum and non-falciparum species, the latter as “pan-species.” Blood samples from health facilities were collected in southern Nigeria (Lagos and Calabar) in 2017 (October–December) and Calabar only in 2018 (October–November), and analyzed by several methods, namely, microscopy, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), and peptide serology targeting candidate antigens (Plasmodium malariae apical membrane antigen, P. malariae lactose dehydrogenase, and P. malariae circumsporozoite surface protein). Both microscopy and qPCR diagnostic approaches detected comparable proportions (∼80%) of all RDT-positive samples infected with the dominant P. falciparum malaria parasite. However, higher proportions of non-falciparum species were detected by qPCR than microscopy, 10% against 3% infections for P. malariae and 3% against 0% for Plasmodium ovale, respectively. No Plasmodium vivax infection was detected. Infection rates for P. malariae varied between age-groups, with the highest rates in individuals aged > 5 years. Plasmodium malariae–specific seroprevalence rates fluctuated in those aged < 10 years but generally reached the peak around 20 years of age for all peptides. The heterogeneity and rates of these non-falciparum species call for increased specific diagnosis and targeting by elimination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eniyou C Oriero
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at LSHTM, Banjul, The Gambia
| | | | - Olabisi A Oduwole
- Calabar Institute of Tropical Disease Research and Prevention, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Abdoulaye Djimde
- Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Science, Techniques and Technology of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | | | - Martin M Meremikwu
- Calabar Institute of Tropical Disease Research and Prevention, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
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Apoptosis-Inducing Factor, Mitochondrion-Associated 3 (AIFM3) Protein Level in the Sera as a Prognostic Marker of Cholangiocarcinoma Patients. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10071021. [PMID: 32664187 PMCID: PMC7408035 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) patients is absolutely poor. Since improvement of prognosis and/or response to treatment by personalized and precision treatments requires earlier and precise diagnostic markers, discovery of prognostic markers attracts more attention. Apoptosis-inducing factor, mitochondrion-associated 3 (AIFM3) is highly expressed in several cancers including CCA. The present study investigated whether the serum AIFM3 level can be used as a potential marker for CCA prognosis. For this purpose, we first determined secretory protein nature of AIFM3 using bioinformatic tools. The results show that although AIFM3 lacks signal peptide, it can be secreted into plasma/serum via an unconventional pathway. Then, the AIFM3 levels in the sera of 141 CCA patients and 70 healthy controls (HC) were measured using a semi-quantitative dot blot assay. The results show that the AIFM3 level in the sera of CCA group was significantly higher than that of HC. When correlation between serum AIFM3 levels and the clinicopathological parameters of CCA patients were examined, serum AIFM3 levels correlated significantly with lymph node metastasis, age, and the patients’ overall survival (OS). Higher AIFM3 levels were significantly associated with shorter OS, and only AIFM3 was an independent prognostic marker for CCA. In conclusion, AIFM3 can be used as a prognostic marker for CCA.
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Taylor DW, Bobbili N, Kayatani A, Tassi Yunga S, Kidima W, Leke RFG. Measuring antibody avidity to Plasmodium falciparum merozoite antigens using a multiplex immunoassay approach. Malar J 2020; 19:171. [PMID: 32357882 PMCID: PMC7195780 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03243-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antibodies (Ab) play a significant role in immunity to Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Usually, following repeated exposure to pathogens, affinity maturation and clonal selection take place, resulting in increased antibody avidity. However, some studies suggest affinity maturation may not occur to malaria antigens in endemic areas. Information on development of antibody avidity is confusing and conflicting, in part, because different techniques have been used to measure avidity. Today, bead-based multiplex immunoassays (MIA) are routinely used to simultaneously quantitate antibody levels to multiple antigens. This study evaluated the feasibility of developing an avidity MIA with 5 merozoite antigens (AMA1, EBA-175, MSP1-42, MSP2, MSP3) that uses a single chaotropic concentration. Methods The most common ELISA protocols that used the chaotropic reagents guanidine HCl (GdHCl), urea, and ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN) were adapted to a multiplex MIA format. Then, different concentrations of chaotropes and incubation times were compared and results were expressed as an Avidity Index (AI), i.e., percentage of antibody remaining bound in the presence of chaotrope. Experiments were conducted to (i) identify the assay with the widest range of AI (discriminatory power), (ii) determine the amount of chaotrope needed to release 50% of bound Ab using plasma from adults and infants, and (iii) evaluate assay repeatability. Results Overall, 4 M GdHCl and 8 M urea were weaker chaotropes than 3 M NH4SCN. For example, they failed to release significant amounts of Ab bound to MSP1-42 in adult plasma samples; whereas, a range of AI values was obtained with NH4SCN. Titration of NH4SCN revealed that 2 M NH4SCN gave the widest range of AI for the 5 antigens. Binding studies using plasma from 40 adults and 57 1-year old infants in Cameroon showed that 2.1 M ± 0.32 (mean ± SD) NH4SCN (adults) and 1.8 M ± 0.23 M (infants) released 50% of bound Ab from the merozoite antigens. Conclusions An avidity MIA is feasible for the 5 merozoite antigens that uses a single concentration (2 M) of NH4SCN. The assay provides a simple method to quickly obtain information about Ab quantity and quality in the acquisition of immunity to malaria in endemic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Wallace Taylor
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 561 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.
| | - Naveen Bobbili
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 561 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Alex Kayatani
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 561 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Samuel Tassi Yunga
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 561 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Winifrida Kidima
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 561 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Rose F G Leke
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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van den Hoogen LL, Présumé J, Romilus I, Mondélus G, Elismé T, Sepúlveda N, Stresman G, Druetz T, Ashton RA, Joseph V, Eisele TP, Hamre KES, Chang MA, Lemoine JF, Tetteh KKA, Boncy J, Existe A, Drakeley C, Rogier E. Quality control of multiplex antibody detection in samples from large-scale surveys: the example of malaria in Haiti. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1135. [PMID: 31980693 PMCID: PMC6981173 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57876-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Measuring antimalarial antibodies can estimate transmission in a population. To compare outputs, standardized laboratory testing is required. Here we describe the in-country establishment and quality control (QC) of a multiplex bead assay (MBA) for three sero-surveys in Haiti. Total IgG data against 21 antigens were collected for 32,758 participants. Titration curves of hyperimmune sera were included on assay plates, assay signals underwent 5-parameter regression, and inspection of the median and interquartile range (IQR) for the y-inflection point was used to determine assay precision. The medians and IQRs were similar for Surveys 1 and 2 for most antigens, while the IQRs increased for some antigens in Survey 3. Levey-Jennings charts for selected antigens provided a pass/fail criterion for each assay plate and, of 387 assay plates, 13 (3.4%) were repeated. Individual samples failed if IgG binding to the generic glutathione-S-transferase protein was observed, with 659 (2.0%) samples failing. An additional 455 (1.4%) observations failed due to low bead numbers (<20/analyte). The final dataset included 609,438 anti-malaria IgG data points from 32,099 participants; 96.6% of all potential data points if no QC failures had occurred. The MBA can be deployed with high-throughput data collection and low inter-plate variability while ensuring data quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotus L van den Hoogen
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | | | | | - Gina Mondélus
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Tamara Elismé
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Nuno Sepúlveda
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Centre of Statistics and Applications, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gillian Stresman
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Thomas Druetz
- Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tulane University School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal School of Public Health, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ruth A Ashton
- Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tulane University School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Vena Joseph
- Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tulane University School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Thomas P Eisele
- Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tulane University School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Karen E S Hamre
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- CDC Foundation, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michelle A Chang
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jean F Lemoine
- Ministère de la santé publique et de la population, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Kevin K A Tetteh
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jacques Boncy
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | | | - Chris Drakeley
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Eric Rogier
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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7
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Chanakankun R, Proungvitaya T, Chua-On D, Limpaiboon T, Roytrakul S, Jusakul A, Titapun A, Jarearnrat A, Proungvitaya S. Serum coiled-coil domain containing 25 protein as a potential screening/diagnostic biomarker for cholangiocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 19:930-942. [PMID: 31897206 PMCID: PMC6924184 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coiled-coil domain containing 25 (CCDC25) was previously reported to be upregulated in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. The present study investigated whether serum CCDC25 level may be used as a potential marker for the diagnosis of CCA. Bioinformatics tools were used to reveal that CCDC25 is secreted into plasma/serum via a non-conventional pathway, which secretes proteins independently from the endoplasmic reticulum/golgi complex, but is yet to be fully elucidated. Subsequently, the CCDC25 levels in the sera of patients with CCA (n=141), patients with benign biliary disease (BBD; n=53) and healthy controls (HC; n=72) were measured using a quantitative dot blot assay based on the standard curve created using recombinant CCDC25 protein. The results demonstrated that the serum CCDC25 level in the CCA group (0.28±0.06 ng/µl) was significantly higher compared with that in the BBD (0.15±0.03 ng/µl) or HC (0.0017±0.0008 ng/µl) groups. Serum CCDC25 level provided an improved resolution (P=0.0001) compared with carcinoembryonic antigen (P=0.098) or carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (P=0.271) for the differential diagnosis between BBD and CCA. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed high sensitivity and specificity of serum CCDC25 level to differentiate between patients with CCA and HC (93.0 and 100%, respectively), and also to differentiate between patients with CCA and patients with BBD (75.0 and 84.0%, respectively). CCDC25 expression was further investigated in 23 CCA tissues, and CCDC25 expression in cancer tissues was moderately correlated with the serum CCDC25 level (r2=0.52, P=0.01). Among patients with CCA, serum CCDC25 level was significantly higher in patients with non-metastatic CCA compared with patients with metastatic CCA. Correspondingly, a higher serum CCDC25 level was associated with a longer overall survival time in patients with CCA. In conclusion, serum CCDC25 level may be a promising screening and diagnostic marker for the differential diagnosis of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinnipa Chanakankun
- Centre of Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Muang, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Tanakorn Proungvitaya
- Centre of Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Muang, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Daraporn Chua-On
- Centre of Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Muang, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Temduang Limpaiboon
- Centre of Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Muang, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Muang, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Apinya Jusakul
- Centre of Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Muang, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Muang, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Attapol Titapun
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Muang, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Apiwat Jarearnrat
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Muang, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Proungvitaya
- Centre of Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Muang, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Muang, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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8
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Tummanatsakun D, Proungvitaya T, Roytrakul S, Limpaiboon T, Wongkham S, Wongkham C, Silsirivanit A, Somintara O, Sangkhamanon S, Proungvitaya S. Serum Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endodeoxyribonuclease 1 (APEX1) Level as a Potential Biomarker of Cholangiocarcinoma. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9090413. [PMID: 31454981 PMCID: PMC6770206 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) are still insufficient with poor prognosis of patients. To discover a new CCA biomarker, we constructed our secretome database of three CCA cell lines and one control cholangiocyte cell line using GeLC-MS/MS. We selected candidate proteins by five bioinformatics tools for secretome analysis. The inclusion criteria were as follows: having predicted signal peptide or being predicted as non-classically secreted protein; together with having no transmembrane helix and being previously detected in plasma and having the highest number of signal peptide cleavage sites. Eventually, apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 (APEX1) was selected for further analysis. To validate APEX1 as a bio-marker for CCA, serum APEX1 levels of 80, 39, and 40 samples collected from CCA, benign biliary diseases (BBD), and healthy control groups, respectively, were measured using dot blot analysis. The results showed that serum APEX1 level in CCA group was significantly higher than that in BBD or healthy control group. Among CCA patients, serum APEX1 level was significantly higher in patients having metastasis than in those without metastasis. The higher level of serum APEX1 was correlated with the shorter survival time of the patients. Serum APEX1 level might be a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doungdean Tummanatsakun
- Centre of Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Tanakorn Proungvitaya
- Centre of Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Temduang Limpaiboon
- Centre of Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute (CARI), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sopit Wongkham
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute (CARI), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chaisiri Wongkham
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute (CARI), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Atit Silsirivanit
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute (CARI), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Ongart Somintara
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sakkarn Sangkhamanon
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Proungvitaya
- Centre of Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute (CARI), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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Association of Antibodies to VAR2CSA and Merozoite Antigens with Pregnancy Outcomes in Women Living in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00166-18. [PMID: 29986889 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00166-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum infections are serious in pregnant women, because VAR2CSA allows parasitized erythrocytes to sequester in the placenta, causing placental malaria (PM). In areas of endemicity, women have substantial malarial immunity prior to pregnancy, including antibodies to merozoite antigens, but produce antibodies to VAR2CSA only during pregnancy. The current study sought to determine the importance of antibodies to VAR2CSA and merozoite antigens in pregnant women in Yaoundé, Cameroon, where malaria transmission was relatively low. A total of 1,377 archival plasma samples collected at delivery were selected (at a 1:3 ratio of PM-positive [PM+] to PM-negative [PM-] women) and screened for antibodies to full-length VAR2CSA and 7 merozoite antigens. Results showed that many PM+ women and most PM- women lacked antibodies to VAR2CSA at delivery. Among PM+ women, antibodies to VAR2CSA were associated with a reduced risk of having high placental parasitemia (odds ratio [OR], 0.432; confidence interval [CI], 0.272, 0.687; P = 0.0004) and low-birth-weight (LBW) babies (OR = 0.444; CI, 0.247, 0.799; P = 0.0068), even during first pregnancies. Among antibodies to the 7 merozoite antigens, i.e., AMA1, EBA-175, MSP142, MSP2, MSP3, MSP11, and Pf41, only antibodies to MSP3, EBA-175, and Pf41 were associated with reduced risk for high placental parasitemias (P = 0.0389, 0.0291, and 0.0211, respectively) and antibodies to EBA-175 were associated with reduced risk of premature deliveries (P = 0.0211). However, after adjusting for multiple comparisons significance declined. Thus, in PM+ women, antibodies to VAR2CSA were associated with lower placental parasitemias and reduced prevalence of LBW babies in this low-transmission setting.
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Siriwardhana C, Fang R, Salanti A, Leke RGF, Bobbili N, Taylor DW, Chen JJ. Statistical prediction of immunity to placental malaria based on multi-assay antibody data for malarial antigens. Malar J 2017; 16:391. [PMID: 28962616 PMCID: PMC5622501 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-017-2041-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasmodium falciparum infections are especially severe in pregnant women because infected erythrocytes (IE) express VAR2CSA, a ligand that binds to placental trophoblasts, causing IE to accumulate in the placenta. Resulting inflammation and pathology increases a woman’s risk of anemia, miscarriage, premature deliveries, and having low birthweight (LBW) babies. Antibodies (Ab) to VAR2CSA reduce placental parasitaemia and improve pregnancy outcomes. Currently, no single assay is able to predict if a woman has adequate immunity to prevent placental malaria (PM). This study measured Ab levels to 28 malarial antigens and used the data to develop statistical models for predicting if a woman has sufficient immunity to prevent PM. Methods Archival plasma samples from 1377 women were screened in a bead-based multiplex assay for Ab to 17 VAR2CSA-associated antigens (full length VAR2CSA (FV2), DBL 1-6 of the FCR3, 3D7 and 7G8 lines, ID1-ID2a (FCR3 and 3D7) and 11 antigens that have been reported to be associated with immunity to P. falciparum (AMA-1, CSP, EBA-175, LSA1, MSP1, MSP2, MSP3, MSP11, Pf41, Pf70 and RESA)). Ab levels along with clinical variables (age, gravidity) were used in the following seven statistical approaches: logistic regression full model, logistic regression reduced model, recursive partitioning, random forests, linear discriminant analysis, quadratic discriminant analysis, and support vector machine. Results The best and simplest model proved to be the logistic regression reduced model. AMA-1, MSP2, EBA-175, Pf41, and MSP11 were found to be the top five most important predictors for the PM status based on overall prediction performance. Conclusions Not surprising, significant differences were observed between PM positive (PM+) and PM negative (PM−) groups for Ab levels to the majority of malaria antigens. Individually though, these malarial antigens did not achieve reasonably high performances in terms of predicting the PM status. Utilizing multiple antigens in predictive models considerably improved discrimination power compared to individual assays. Among seven different classifiers considered, the reduced logistic regression model produces the best overall predictive performance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-017-2041-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chathura Siriwardhana
- Biostatistics Core, Department of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Rui Fang
- Biostatistics Core, Department of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Ali Salanti
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rose G F Leke
- The Biotechnology Center, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Research, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Naveen Bobbili
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Diane Wallace Taylor
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - John J Chen
- Biostatistics Core, Department of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.
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