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Chiu MC, Huang IB, Yu JJ, Liao YC, Chareonviriyaphap T, Neoh KB. Boric acid toxic sugar bait suppresses male Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae): wing beat frequency and amplitude, flight activity, fecundity, insemination, and mate-finding Allee effect. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 39017029 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controlling the spread of arboviral diseases remains a considerable challenge due to the rapid development of insecticide resistance in Aedes mosquitoes. This study evaluated the effects of boric acid-containing toxic sugar bait (TSB) on field populations of resistant Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. In addition, this study examined the flight activity and wing beat frequency and amplitude of males and the flight activity, fecundity, and insemination of females after pairing with males exposed to TSB. The population dynamics of Aedes mosquitoes under imbalanced sex ratios were examined to simulate realistic field conditions for male suppression under the effect of TSB. RESULTS The mortality of male mosquitoes was consistently high within 24 h after exposure. By contrast, the mortality of female mosquitoes was inconsistent, with over 70% mortality observed at 168 h. The flight activity and wing beat amplitude of treated males were significantly lower than those of controls, but no significant difference in wing beat frequency was detected. The fecundity and insemination of treated female mosquitoes were lower than those of controls. A simulation study indicated that considerably low male population densities led to mating failures, triggering a mate-finding Allee effect and resulting in persistently low population levels. CONCLUSION Boric acid-containing TSB could effectively complement current chemical intervention approaches to control resistant mosquito populations. TSB is effective in reducing field male populations and impairing male flight activity and female-seeking behavior, resulting in decreased fecundity and insemination. Male suppression due to TSB potentially results in a small mosquito population. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Chieh Chiu
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - In-Bo Huang
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Jia Yu
- Department of Entomology, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Yi-Chang Liao
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | - Kok-Boon Neoh
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Upshur IF, Fehlman M, Parikh V, Vinauger C, Lahondère C. Sugar feeding by invasive mosquito species on ornamental and wild plants. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22121. [PMID: 38092771 PMCID: PMC10719288 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Feeding on plant-derived sugars is an essential component of mosquito biology, affecting key aspects of their lives such as survival, metabolism, and reproduction. Among mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are two invasive mosquito species in the US, and are vectors of diseases such as dengue fever, chikungunya, and Zika. These species live in heavily populated, urban areas, where they have high accessibility to human hosts as well as to plants in backyards and public landscapes. However, the range of plants that are suitable sugar hosts for these species remains to be described, despite the importance of understanding what plants may attract or repel mosquitoes to inform citizens and municipal authorities accordingly. Here, we tested whether Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus would sugar-feed on eleven commonly planted ornamental plant species. We confirmed feeding activity using the anthrone method and identified the volatile composition of plant headspace using gas-chromatography mass-spectroscopy. These chemical analyses revealed that a broad range of olfactory cues are associated with plants that mosquitoes feed on. This prompted us to use plant DNA barcoding to identify plants that field-caught mosquitoes feed on. Altogether, results show that native and invasive mosquito species can exploit a broader range of plants than originally suspected, including wild and ornamental plants from different phyla throughout the Spring, Summer and Fall seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irving Forde Upshur
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- The Global Change Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Mikhyle Fehlman
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Vansh Parikh
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Clément Vinauger
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- The Fralin Life Science Institute Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- Center of Emerging, Zoonotic and Arthropod-Borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Chloé Lahondère
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
- The Global Change Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
- The Fralin Life Science Institute Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
- Center of Emerging, Zoonotic and Arthropod-Borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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3
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Getachew H, Demissew A, Abossie A, Habtamu K, Wang X, Zhong D, Zhou G, Lee MC, Hemming-Schroeder E, Bradley L, Degefa T, Hawaria D, Tsegaye A, W Kazura J, Koepfli C, Yan G, Yewhalaw D. Asymptomatic and submicroscopic malaria infections in sugar cane and rice development areas of Ethiopia. Malar J 2023; 22:341. [PMID: 37940948 PMCID: PMC10634149 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04762-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water resource development projects, such as dams and irrigation schemes, have a positive impact on food security and poverty reduction. However, such projects could increase prevalence of vector borne disease, such as malaria. This study investigate the impact of different agroecosystems and prevalence of malaria infection in Southwest Ethiopia. METHODS Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted in the dry and wet seasons in irrigated and non-irrigated clusters of Arjo sugarcane and Gambella rice development areas of Ethiopia in 2019. A total of 4464 and 2176 study participants from 1449 households in Arjo and 546 households in Gambella enrolled in the study and blood samples were collected, respectively. All blood samples were microscopically examined and a subset of microscopy negative blood samples (n = 2244) were analysed by qPCR. Mixed effect logistic regression and generalized estimating equation were used to determine microscopic and submicroscopic malaria infection and the associated risk factors, respectively. RESULTS Prevalence by microscopy was 2.0% (88/4464) in Arjo and 6.1% (133/2176) in Gambella. In Gambella, prevalence was significantly higher in irrigated clusters (10.4% vs 3.6%) than in non-irrigated clusters (p < 0.001), but no difference was found in Arjo (2.0% vs 2.0%; p = 0.993). On the other hand, of the 1713 and 531 samples analysed by qPCR from Arjo and Gambella the presence of submicroscopic infection was 1.2% and 12.8%, respectively. Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, and Plasmodium ovale were identified by qPCR in both sites. Irrigation was a risk factor for submicroscopic infection in both Arjo and Gambella. Irrigation, being a migrant worker, outdoor job, < 6 months length of stay in the area were risk factors for microscopic infection in Gambella. Moreover, school-age children and length of stay in the area for 1-3 years were significant predictors for submicroscopic malaria in Gambella. However, no ITN utilization was a predictor for both submicroscopic and microscopic infection in Arjo. Season was also a risk factor for microscopic infection in Arjo. CONCLUSION The study highlighted the potential importance of different irrigation practices impacting on submicroscopic malaria transmission. Moreover, microscopic and submicroscopic infections coupled with population movement may contribute to residual malaria transmission and could hinder malaria control and elimination programmes in the country. Therefore, strengthening malaria surveillance and control by using highly sensitive diagnostic tools to detect low-density parasites, screening migrant workers upon arrival and departure, ensuring adequate coverage and proper utilization of vector control tools, and health education for at-risk groups residing or working in such development corridors is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hallelujah Getachew
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Arbaminch College of Health Sciences, Arbaminch, Ethiopia.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
- Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Center (TIDRC), Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Assalif Demissew
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ashenafi Abossie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Science, Arbaminch University, Arbaminch, Ethiopia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Center (TIDRC), Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Kassahun Habtamu
- Menelik II Medical & Health Science College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Microbial, Cellular & Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Program in Public Health, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA92697, USA
| | - Daibin Zhong
- Program in Public Health, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA92697, USA
| | - Guofa Zhou
- Program in Public Health, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA92697, USA
| | - Ming-Chieh Lee
- Program in Public Health, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA92697, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hemming-Schroeder
- Center for Vector Born Infectious Diseases (CVID), Department of Microbiology Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
| | - Lauren Bradley
- Program in Public Health, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA92697, USA
| | - Teshome Degefa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Dawit Hawaria
- School of Environmental Health, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Arega Tsegaye
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Science, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Center (TIDRC), Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - James W Kazura
- Biomedical Research Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Center for Global Health & Disease School of Medicine Case, Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Cristian Koepfli
- Department of Biological Sciences 319 Galvin Life Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, USA
| | - Guiyun Yan
- Program in Public Health, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA92697, USA
| | - Delenasaw Yewhalaw
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Center (TIDRC), Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Khan Z, Bohman B, Ignell R, Hill SR. Odour-mediated oviposition site selection in Aedes aegypti depends on aquatic stage and density. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:264. [PMID: 37542293 PMCID: PMC10403918 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05867-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olfaction plays an important role in the selection and assessment of oviposition sites by mosquitoes. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with potential breeding sites affect the behaviour of gravid mosquitoes, with VOCs from aquatic stages of conspecific mosquitoes influencing and regulating oviposition. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic analysis of the behavioural response of gravid Aedes aegypti to conspecific aquatic stage-conditioned water, to identify the associated bioactive VOCs and to determine how blends of these VOCs regulate oviposition site selection and stimulate egg-laying. METHODS Using a multi-choice olfactory oviposition assay, controlling for other sensory modalities, the responses of individual females to water conditioned with different densities of conspecific aquatic stages were assessed. The conditioned water samples from the most preferred density of each aquatic stage were subsequently compared to each other using the same oviposition assay and analysed using an analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a Tukey post-hoc test. Using combined gas chromatography and electroantennographic detection or mass spectrometry, bioactive VOCs from the preferred density of each aquatic stage were identified. Synthetic blends were prepared based on the identified ratios of bioactive VOCs in the aquatic stages, and then tested to determine the oviposition choice of Ae. aegypti in a dose-dependent manner, against a solvent control, using a dual-choice assay. This dataset was analysed using nominal logistic regression followed by an odds ratio comparison. RESULTS Gravid Ae. aegypti responded stage- and density-dependently to water conditioned with eggs, second- and fourth-instar larvae, and pupal exuviae, but not to water conditioned with pupae alone. Multi-choice assays demonstrated that gravid mosquitoes preferred to oviposit in water conditioned with fourth-instar larvae, over the other aquatic stage-conditioned water. Gravid Ae. aegypti were attracted, and generally stimulated, to oviposit in a dose-dependent manner to the individual identified synthetic odour blends for the different aquatic stages. CONCLUSIONS Intraspecific VOCs regulate oviposition site selection in Ae. aegypti in a stage- and density-dependent manner. We discuss the need for further studies to evaluate the identified synthetic blends to modulate the odour-mediated oviposition of Ae. aegypti under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Khan
- Disease Vector Group, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 234 22, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Björn Bohman
- Disease Vector Group, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 234 22, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Rickard Ignell
- Disease Vector Group, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 234 22, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Sharon Rose Hill
- Disease Vector Group, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 234 22, Lomma, Sweden.
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Jones CM, Wilson AL, Stanton MC, Stothard JR, Guglielmo F, Chirombo J, Mafuleka L, Oronje R, Mzilahowa T. Integrating vector control within an emerging agricultural system in a region of climate vulnerability in southern Malawi: A focus on malaria, schistosomiasis, and arboviral diseases. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PARASITOLOGY & VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES 2023; 4:100133. [PMID: 37577134 PMCID: PMC10412864 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2023.100133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are emerging at an unprecedented rate while food production intensifies to keep pace with population growth. Large-scale irrigation schemes have the potential to permanently transform the landscape with health, nutritional and socio-economic benefits; yet, this also leads to a shift in land-use patterns that can promote endemic and invasive insect vectors and pathogens. The balance between ensuring food security and preventing emerging infectious disease is a necessity; yet the impact of irrigation on vector-borne diseases at the epidemiological, entomological and economic level is uncertain and depends on the geographical and climatological context. Here, we highlight the risk factors and challenges facing vector-borne disease surveillance and control in an emerging agricultural ecosystem in the lower Shire Valley region of southern Malawi. A phased large scale irrigation programme (The Shire Valley Transformation Project, SVTP) promises to transform over 40,000 ha into viable and resilient farmland, yet the valley is endemic for malaria and schistosomiasis and experiences frequent extreme flooding events following tropical cyclones. The latter exacerbate vector-borne disease risk while simultaneously making any empirical assessment of that risk a significant hurdle. We propose that the SVTP provides a unique opportunity to take a One Health approach at mitigating vector-borne disease risk while maintaining agricultural output. A long-term and multi-disciplinary approach with buy-in from multiple stakeholders will be needed to achieve this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Jones
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Anne L. Wilson
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michelle C. Stanton
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - J. Russell Stothard
- Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Federica Guglielmo
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - Rose Oronje
- African Institute for Development and Policy (AFIDEP), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Themba Mzilahowa
- Malaria Alert Centre, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
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Verhulst NO, Juurlink M, Wondwosen B, Rugaimukamu S, Hill SR, Ignell R, Koenraadt CJM, Spitzen J. Fermenting molasses and a synthetic odour blend to attract blood-fed Anopheles coluzzii. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 37:228-237. [PMID: 36346219 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Collecting blood-fed mosquitoes to monitor pathogen presence or to gather information on the host blood meal is often challenging. Fermenting molasses can be used to produce carbon dioxide to attract host-seeking mosquitoes, however, earlier work indicated that it may also attract blood-fed mosquitoes in the field. In the current study, these field results were validated in an experimental setting using a large cage setup with Anopheles coluzzii (Diptera, Culicidae). Blood-fed mosquitoes were indeed attracted to fermenting molasses with the highest attraction at 72 hours post feeding, which was used for subsequent experiments. Next, it was tested if fermentation of molasses is required for attraction, and whether it acts as an oviposition attractant, increases egg laying, or increases mosquito survival. The compounds that could be responsible for attraction were identified by combined electrophysiology and chemical analyses and formulated into a synthetic blend. Fermenting molasses attracted blood-fed mosquitoes in the large cage study, while fermenting sugar and non-fermenting molasses did not. The fecundity of blood-fed mosquitoes increased after feeding on fermenting molasses, however, compounds emanating from molasses did not trigger oviposition. The synthetic blend attracted blood-fed mosquitoes and may be used to determine mosquito host selection and for xenomonitoring, as 'flying syringes' to detect non-vector borne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels O Verhulst
- National Centre for Vector Entomology, Institute of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Malou Juurlink
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - Betelehem Wondwosen
- Department of Zoological Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Sapience Rugaimukamu
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - Sharon R Hill
- Disease Vector Group, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Skåne County, Sweden
| | - Rickard Ignell
- Disease Vector Group, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Skåne County, Sweden
| | | | - Jeroen Spitzen
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
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Getachew H, Demissew A, Abossie A, Habtamu K, Wang X, Zhong D, Zhou G, Lee MC, Hemming-Schroeder E, Bradley L, Degefa T, Hawaria D, Tsegaye A, Kazura JW, Koepfli C, Yan G, Yewhalaw D. Asymptomatic and submicroscopic malaria infections in sugar cane and rice development areas of Ethiopia. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2692688. [PMID: 36993196 PMCID: PMC10055656 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2692688/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Water resource development projects such as dams and irrigation schemes have a positive impact on food security and poverty reduction but might result in increased prevalence of malaria. Methods Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted in the dry and wet seasons in irrigated and non-irrigated clusters of Arjo sugarcane and Gambella rice development areas of Ethiopia in 2019. A total of 4464 and 2176 blood samples were collected from Arjo and Gambella. A subset of 2244 microscopy negative blood samples were analyzed by PCR. Results Prevalence by microscopy was 2.0% (88/4464) in Arjo and 6.1% (133/2176) in Gambella. In Gambella, prevalence was significantly higher in irrigated clusters (10.4% vs 3.6%) than in non-irrigated clusters (p < 0.001), but no difference was found in Arjo (2.0% vs 2.0%; p = 0.993). Level of education was an individual risk factors associated with infection in Arjo [AOR: 3.2; 95%CI (1.27-8.16)] and in Gambella [AOR: 1.7; 95%CI (1.06-2.82)]. While duration of stay in the area for < 6 months [AOR: 4.7; 95%CI (1.84-12.15)] and being a migrant worker [AOR: 4.7; 95%CI (3.01-7.17)] were risk factors in Gambella. Season [AOR: 15.9; 95%CI (6.01-42.04)], no ITN utilization [AOR: 22.3; 95%CI (7.74-64.34)] were risk factors in Arjo, and irrigation [AOR: 2.4; 95%CI (1.45-4.07)] and family size [AOR: 2.3; 95%CI (1.30-4.09)] risk factors in Gambella. Of the 1713 and 531 randomly selected smear negative samples from Arjo and Gambella and analyzed by PCR the presence of Plasmodium infection was 1.2% and 12.8%, respectively. P. falciparum, P. vivax, and P. ovale were identified by PCR in both sites. Conclusion Strengthening malaria surveillance and control in project development areas and proper health education for at-risk groups residing or working in such development corridors is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hallelujah Getachew
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Arbaminch College of Health Sciences, Arbaminch
| | - Assalif Demissew
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo
| | - Ashenafi Abossie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Science, Arbaminch University, Arbaminch
| | | | - Xiaoming Wang
- Program in Public Health, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Daibin Zhong
- Program in Public Health, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Guofa Zhou
- Program in Public Health, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Ming-Chieh Lee
- Program in Public Health, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Elizabeth Hemming-Schroeder
- Center for Vector Born Infectious Diseases (CVID), Department of Microbiology Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University
| | - Lauren Bradley
- Program in Public Health, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Teshome Degefa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma
| | - Dawit Hawaria
- Hawassa University, School of Environmental Health, Hawassa
| | - Arega Tsegaye
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Science, Jimma University
| | - James W Kazura
- Biomedical Research Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Cristian Koepfli
- Department of Biological Sciences 319 Galvin Life Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame
| | - Guiyun Yan
- Program in Public Health, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Delenasaw Yewhalaw
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma
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Oduma CO, Ombok M, Zhao X, Huwe T, Ondigo BN, Kazura JW, Grieco J, Achee N, Liu F, Ochomo E, Koepfli C. Altitude, not potential larval habitat availability, explains pronounced variation in Plasmodium falciparum infection prevalence in the western Kenya highlands. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001505. [PMID: 37068071 PMCID: PMC10109483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Progress in malaria control has stalled over the recent years. Knowledge on main drivers of transmission explaining small-scale variation in prevalence can inform targeted control measures. We collected finger-prick blood samples from 3061 individuals irrespective of clinical symptoms in 20 clusters in Busia in western Kenya and screened for Plasmodium falciparum parasites using qPCR and microscopy. Clusters spanned an altitude range of 207 meters (1077-1284 m). We mapped potential mosquito larval habitats and determined their number within 250 m of a household and distances to households using ArcMap. Across all clusters, P. falciparum parasites were detected in 49.8% (1524/3061) of individuals by qPCR and 19.5% (596/3061) by microscopy. Across the clusters, prevalence ranged from 26% to 70% by qPCR. Three to 34 larval habitats per cluster and 0-17 habitats within a 250m radius around households were observed. Using a generalized linear mixed effect model (GLMM), a 5% decrease in the odds of getting infected per each 10m increase in altitude was observed, while the number of larval habitats and their proximity to households were not statistically significant predictors for prevalence. Kitchen located indoors, open eaves, a lower level of education of the household head, older age, and being male were significantly associated with higher prevalence. Pronounced variation in prevalence at small scales was observed and needs to be taken into account for malaria surveillance and control. Potential larval habitat frequency had no direct impact on prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colins O Oduma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Egerton University, Nakuru, Kenya
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Maurice Ombok
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Xingyuan Zhao
- Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
| | - Tiffany Huwe
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
| | - Bartholomew N Ondigo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Egerton University, Nakuru, Kenya
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - James W Kazura
- Case Western Reserve University, Center for Global Health and Diseases, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - John Grieco
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
| | - Nicole Achee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
| | - Eric Ochomo
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Cristian Koepfli
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
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Malaria vector feeding, peak biting time and resting place preference behaviors in line with Indoor based intervention tools and its implication: scenario from selected sentinel sites of Ethiopia. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12178. [PMID: 36578426 PMCID: PMC9791363 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In Ethiopia, malaria incidence has significantly reduced in the past decade through the combined use of conventional vector control approaches and treatment using antimalarial drugs. However, the sustainability of this achievement is threatened by the shift in biting and resting behaviors and emergence of insecticide resistance by the primary malaria vector. Therefore, continuous monitoring of the behaviour of malaria mosquitoes in different sentinel sites is crucial to design effective prevention and control methods in the local context. Entomological investigations were conducted in three sentinel sites for five consecutive months during the major malaria transmission season. The species composition, population dynamics, biting and resting behaviours of malaria vectors were determined using center for disease control and prevention (CDC) light trap, human landing catch (HLC), pyrethrum spray catch (PSC) and Pitfall shelter collection (PFS). Accordingly, 10 households for CDC, 10 households for PSC, 10 households for PFS and 5 households for HLC from each site were randomly enrolled for mosquito collection. A total of 8,297 anopheline mosquitoes were collected from the three sites, out of which 4,525 (54.5 %) were An. gambiae, s.l. 2,028 (24.4 %) were An. pharoensis, 160 (1.9 %) were An. funestus and the rest 1,584 (19 %) were other anophelines (An. coustani, An. cinerus and An. tenebrosus). No significant variation (P = 0.476) was observed between indoor (25.2/trap-night and outdoor collections (20.1/trap-night). Six hundred seventy six (43.3%) of An. gambiae s.l. (primary vector) were collected between 18:00 and 22:00 h. Biting activity declined between 00:00 and 02:00 h. The national malaria control program should pay close attention to the shifting behavior of vector mosquitoes as the observed outdoor feeding tendency of the vector population could pose challenges to the indoor intervention tools IRS and LLINs.
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Poda SB, Buatois B, Lapeyre B, Dormont L, Diabaté A, Gnankiné O, Dabiré RK, Roux O. No evidence for long-range male sex pheromones in two malaria mosquitoes. Nat Ecol Evol 2022; 6:1676-1686. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01869-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Knaden M, Anderson P, Andersson MN, Hill SR, Sachse S, Sandgren M, Stensmyr MC, Löfstedt C, Ignell R, Hansson BS. Human Impacts on Insect Chemical Communication in the Anthropocene. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.791345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The planet is presently undergoing dramatic changes caused by human activities. We are living in the era of the Anthropocene, where our activities directly affect all living organisms on Earth. Insects constitute a major part of the world’s biodiversity and currently, we see dwindling insect biomass but also outbreaks of certain populations. Most insects rely on chemical communication to locate food, mates, and suitable oviposition sites, but also to avoid enemies and detrimental microbes. Emissions of, e.g., CO2, NOx, and ozone can all affect the chemical communication channel, as can a rising temperature. Here, we present a review of the present state of the art in the context of anthropogenic impact on insect chemical communication. We concentrate on present knowledge regarding fruit flies, mosquitoes, moths, and bark beetles, as well as presenting our views on future developments and needs in this emerging field of research. We include insights from chemical, physiological, ethological, and ecological directions and we briefly present a new international research project, the Max Planck Centre for Next Generation Insect Chemical Ecology (nGICE), launched to further increase our understanding of the impact of human activities on insect olfaction and chemical communication.
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Studies on the Volatiles Composition of Stored Sheep Wool, and Attractancy toward Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13020208. [PMID: 35206782 PMCID: PMC8879698 DOI: 10.3390/insects13020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To discover new natural materials for insect management, commercially available stored sheep wool was investigated for attractancy to female adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The volatiles from sheep wool were collected by various techniques of headspace (HS) extractions and hydrodistillation. These extracts were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) coupled with GC-MS. Fifty-two volatile compounds were detected, many of them known for their mosquito attractant activity. Seven compounds were not previously reported in sheep products. The volatile composition of the extracts varied significantly across collections, depending on the extraction techniques or types of fibers applied. Two types of bioassay were conducted to study attractancy of the sheep wool volatiles to mosquitoes: laboratory bioassays using glass tubes, and semi-field bioassays using large, screened outdoor cages. In bioassays with glass tubes, the sheep wool hydrodistillate and its main component, thialdine, did not show any significant attractant activity against female adult Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. Semi-field bioassays in two large screened outdoor cages, each equipped with a U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) trap and the various bait setups with Vortex apparatus, revealed that vibrating wool improved mosquito catches compared to the setups without wool or with wool but not vibrating. Sheep wool, when vibrated, may release intensively volatile compounds, which could serve as olfactory cues, and play significant role in making the bait attractive to mosquitoes. Sheep wool is a readily available, affordable, and environment-friendly material. It should have the potential to be used as a mosquito management and surveillance component in dynamic bait setups.
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13
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Grass-like plants release general volatile cues attractive for gravid Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto mosquitoes. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:552. [PMID: 34706760 PMCID: PMC8554987 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04939-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the ecology and behaviour of disease vectors, including the olfactory cues used to orient and select hosts and egg-laying sites, are essential for the development of novel, insecticide-free control tools. Selected graminoid plants have been shown to release volatile chemicals attracting malaria vectors; however, whether the attraction is selective to individual plants or more general across genera and families is still unclear. Methods To contribute to the current evidence, we implemented bioassays in two-port airflow olfactometers and in large field cages with four live graminoid plant species commonly found associated with malaria vector breeding sites in western Kenya: Cyperus rotundus and C. exaltatus of the Cyperaceae family, and Panicum repens and Cynodon dactylon of the Poaceae family. Additionally, we tested one Poaceae species, Cenchrus setaceus, not usually associated with water. The volatile compounds released in the headspace of the plants were identified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Results All five plants attracted gravid vectors, with the odds of a mosquito orienting towards the choice-chamber with the plant in an olfactometer being 2–5 times higher than when no plant was present. This attraction was maintained when tested with free-flying mosquitoes over a longer distance in large field cages, though at lower strength, with the odds of attracting a female 1.5–2.5 times higher when live plants were present than when only water was present in the trap. Cyperus rotundus, previously implicated in connection with an oviposition attractant, consistently elicited the strongest response from gravid vectors. Volatiles regularly detected were limonene, β-pinene, β-elemene and β-caryophyllene, among other common plant compounds previously described in association with odour-orientation of gravid and unfed malaria vectors. Conclusions The present study confirms that gravid Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto use chemical cues released from graminoid plants to orientate. These cues are released from a variety of graminoid plant species in both the Cyperaceae and Poaceae family. Given the general nature of these cues, it appears unlikely that they are exclusively used for the location of suitable oviposition sites. The utilization of these chemical cues for attract-and-kill trapping strategies must be explored under natural conditions to investigate their efficiency when in competition with complex interacting natural cues. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-04939-4.
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Milugo TK, Tchouassi DP, Kavishe RA, Dinglasan RR, Torto B. Root exudate chemical cues of an invasive plant modulate oviposition behavior and survivorship of a malaria mosquito vector. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14785. [PMID: 34285252 PMCID: PMC8292407 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gravid female Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes identify suitable oviposition sites through a repertoire of cues, but the influence of allelochemicals, especially root phytochemicals in modulating this behavior and impacting subsequent progeny bionomics remains unexplored. We addressed these questions in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae and its invasive host plant Parthenium hysterophorus. Using chemical analysis combined with laboratory behavioral assays, we demonstrate that a blend of terpenes, namely α-pinene, α-phellandrene, β-phellandrene, 3-carene and (E)-caryophyllene emitted from P. hysterophorus root exudate treated-water attracted gravid females. However, fewer eggs (55%) hatched in this treatment than in control water (66%). The sesquiterpene lactone parthenin, identified in both the natural aquatic habitat harboring P. hysterophorus and root exudate-treated water was found to be responsible for the ovicidal effect. Moreover, larvae exposed to parthenin developed 2 to 3 days earlier but survived 4 to 5 days longer as adults (median larval survival time = 9 days (all replicates);11 to 12 days as adults) than the non-exposed control (median larval survival time = 11 days (reps 1 & 2), 12 days (rep 3); 6 to 7 days as adults). These results improve our understanding of the risk and benefits of oviposition site selection by gravid An. gambiae females and the role root exudate allelochemicals could play on anopheline bionomics, with potential implications in malaria transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trizah K Milugo
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), P.O Box 2240, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - David P Tchouassi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Reginald A Kavishe
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), P.O Box 2240, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Rhoel R Dinglasan
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 2055 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Baldwyn Torto
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
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15
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Wondwosen B, Dawit M, Debebe Y, Tekie H, Hill SR, Ignell R. Development of a chimeric odour blend for attracting gravid malaria vectors. Malar J 2021; 20:262. [PMID: 34107946 PMCID: PMC8191216 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03797-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Odour-based tools targeting gravid malaria vectors may complement existing intervention strategies. Anopheles arabiensis are attracted to, and stimulated to oviposit by, natural and synthetic odours of wild and domesticated grasses associated with mosquito breeding sites. While such synthetic odour lures may be used for vector control, these may have limited efficacy when placed in direct competition with the natural source. In this study, workflows developed for plant-feeding pests was used to design and evaluate a chimeric odour blend based on shared attractive compounds found in domesticated grass odours. Methods Variants of a synthetic odour blend, composed of shared bioactive compounds previously identified in domesticated grasses, was evaluated sequentially in a two-choice olfactometer to identify a ratio-optimized attractive blend for malaria vectors. During this process, blends with ratios that were significantly more attractive than the previously identified synthetic rice blend were compared to determine which was most attractive in the two-choice olfactometer. To determine whether all volatile components of the most attractive blend were necessary for maximal attraction, subtractive assays were then conducted, in which individual components were removed for the most attractive blend, to define the final composition of the chimeric blend. Binary logistic regression models were used to determine significance in all two-choice assays. The chimeric blend was then assessed under field conditions in malaria endemic villages in Ethiopia, to assess the effect of dose, trap type, and placement relative to ground level. Field data were analyzed both descriptively and using a Welch-corrected t-test. Results A ratio-optimized chimeric blend was identified that significantly attracted gravid An. arabiensis under laboratory conditions. In the field, trap captures of An. arabiensis and Anopheles pharoensis were dependent on the presence of the lure, trap type (CDC, BG Sentinel and Suna traps), placement relevant to ground level, with low release rates generally luring more mosquitoes. Conclusions The workflow designed for the development of chimeric lures provides an innovative strategy to target odour-mediated behaviours. The chimeric lure identified here can be used in existing trapping systems, and be customized to increase sustainability, in line with goals of the Global Vector Control Response Group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betelehem Wondwosen
- Department of Zoological Sciences, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mengistu Dawit
- Department of Zoological Sciences, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,Unit of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sundsvägen 14, PO Box 102, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Yared Debebe
- Department of Zoological Sciences, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,Public Health Entomology Research Team, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, PO Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Habte Tekie
- Department of Zoological Sciences, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Sharon R Hill
- Unit of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sundsvägen 14, PO Box 102, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Rickard Ignell
- Unit of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sundsvägen 14, PO Box 102, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden.
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Konopka JK, Task D, Afify A, Raji J, Deibel K, Maguire S, Lawrence R, Potter CJ. Olfaction in Anopheles mosquitoes. Chem Senses 2021; 46:6246230. [PMID: 33885760 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjab021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As vectors of disease, mosquitoes are a global threat to human health. The Anopheles mosquito is the deadliest mosquito species as the insect vector of the malaria-causing parasite, which kills hundreds of thousands every year. These mosquitoes are reliant on their sense of smell (olfaction) to guide most of their behaviors, and a better understanding of Anopheles olfaction identifies opportunities for reducing the spread of malaria. This review takes a detailed look at Anopheles olfaction. We explore a range of topics from chemosensory receptors, olfactory neurons, and sensory appendages to behaviors guided by olfaction (including host-seeking, foraging, oviposition, and mating), to vector management strategies that target mosquito olfaction. We identify many research areas that remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna K Konopka
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, 434 Rangos Building, Baltimore, 21205 MD, USA
| | - Darya Task
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, 434 Rangos Building, Baltimore, 21205 MD, USA
| | - Ali Afify
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, 434 Rangos Building, Baltimore, 21205 MD, USA
| | - Joshua Raji
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, 434 Rangos Building, Baltimore, 21205 MD, USA
| | - Katelynn Deibel
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, 434 Rangos Building, Baltimore, 21205 MD, USA
| | - Sarah Maguire
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, 434 Rangos Building, Baltimore, 21205 MD, USA
| | - Randy Lawrence
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, 434 Rangos Building, Baltimore, 21205 MD, USA
| | - Christopher J Potter
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, 434 Rangos Building, Baltimore, 21205 MD, USA
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Hawaria D, Kibret S, Demissew A, Tsegaye A, Bitew D, Yan G, Yewhalaw D. Survivorship of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato in irrigated sugarcane plantation scheme in Ethiopia. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:142. [PMID: 33676562 PMCID: PMC7936430 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04630-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To ensure food security, sub-Saharan Africa has initiated massive water resource development projects, such as irrigated agriculture, in recent years. However, such environmental modifications affect the survivorship and development of mosquitoes, which are vectors of different diseases. This study aimed at determining the effects of irrigation practices on development and survivorship of Anopheles gambiae s.l. in Ethiopia. Methods A life table experiment was conducted to examine the effect of environmental modification on survivorship of both immature and adult An. gambiae s.l. in irrigated and non-irrigated areas. The pupation rate and development time of the immatures and adult longevity and fecundity were compared between the two settings. Results The estimated mean survival time of female An. gambiae s.l. in the irrigated and non-irrigated areas was 37.9 and 31.3 days, respectively. A survival analysis showed that adult females of An. gambiae s.l. placed in an irrigated area lived significantly longer than those in a non-irrigated area (χ2 = 18.3, df = 1, P <0.001), and An. gambiae s.l. females lived significantly longer than males in both areas (P < 0.001). Conclusions Adult An. gambiae s.l. survivorship was found to be enhanced in the irrigated area compared to non-irrigated area. Longer survival of adult mosquitoes in irrigated areas could have important implications for vectorial capacity and hence malaria transmission.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawit Hawaria
- Yirgalem Hospital Medical College, Yirgalem, Ethiopia. .,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Pathology, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia. .,Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Center (TIDRC), Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Solomon Kibret
- Program in Public Health, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Assalif Demissew
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Arega Tsegaye
- Department of Biology, Collage of Natural Science, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.,Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Center (TIDRC), Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Denekew Bitew
- Department of Statistics, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Guiyun Yan
- Program in Public Health, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Delenasaw Yewhalaw
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Pathology, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.,Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Center (TIDRC), Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Olaide OY, Tchouassi DP, Yusuf AA, Pirk CW, Masiga DK, Saini RK, Torto B. Effect of zebra skin-derived compounds on field catches of the human African trypanosomiasis vector Glossina fuscipes fuscipes. Acta Trop 2021; 213:105745. [PMID: 33160957 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The riverine tsetse fly Glossina fuscipes fuscipes is a major vector of trypanosome pathogens causing African trypanosomiasis. This fly species uses a combination of olfactory and visual cues to locate its hosts. Previously, traps and targets baited with visual cues have been used in vector control, but the development of olfactory-based tools has been challenging. Recently, repellents have shown promise as olfactory-based tools in tsetse vector control. Here, we evaluated a three-component blend comprising 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, acetophenone and geranyl acetone (blend K), previously identified as a repellent for savannah tsetse flies in zebra skin odor, on G. f. fuscipes populations. Using a series of 6 × 6 randomized Latin square-designed experiments, G. f. fuscipes catches in biconical traps were monitored on four islands of Lake Victoria in western Kenya between July and September 2019, after the long rainy season. Traps were baited with blend K and individual components of this blend. The known tsetse repellent blend WRC (waterbuck repellent compounds) and trap alone were included as controls. Daily catch data in thirty-six replicate trials were analyzed using generalized linear model with negative binomial error structure using the package "MASS" in R. Treatment, day and site were set as predictor variables. Our results showed that, blend K significantly reduced G. f. fuscipes catches by 25.6% (P < 0.01) compared to the control trap alone but was not significantly different from WRC which reduced catches by 20.7% (P < 0.05). Of the individual compounds, geranyl acetone solely significantly reduced catches by 29.1% (P < 0.01) which did not differ from blend K or WRC. We conclude that geranyl acetone accounts for the repellent effect of blend K on the riverine tsetse fly, G. f. fuscipes, demonstrating the ecological importance of animal skin odors in the host-seeking behavior of medically-important tsetse fly vectors.
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Abstract
Mosquitoes are emerging as model systems with which to study innate behaviours through neuroethology and functional genomics. Decades of work on these disease vectors have provided a solid behavioural framework describing the distinct repertoire of predominantly odour-mediated behaviours of female mosquitoes, and their dependence on life stage (intrinsic factors) and environmental cues (extrinsic factors). The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of how intrinsic factors, including adult maturation, age, nutritional status, and infection, affect the attraction to plants and feeding on plant fluids, host seeking, blood feeding, supplemental feeding behaviours, pre-oviposition behaviour, and oviposition in female mosquitoes. With the technological advancements in the recent two decades, we have gained a better understanding of which volatile organic compounds are used by mosquitoes to recognise and discriminate among various fitness-enhancing resources, and characterised their neural and molecular correlates. In this review, we present the state of the art of the peripheral olfactory system as described by the neural physiology, functional genomics, and genetics underlying the demonstrated changes in the behavioural repertoire in female mosquitoes. The review is meant as a summary introduction to the current conceptual thinking in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon R Hill
- Disease Vector Group, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Växtskyddsvägen 3, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Rickard Ignell
- Disease Vector Group, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Växtskyddsvägen 3, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden.
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Bokore GE, Ouma P, Onyango PO, Bukhari T, Fillinger U. A cross-sectional observational study investigating the association between sedges (swamp grasses, Cyperaceae) and the prevalence of immature malaria vectors in aquatic habitats along the shore of Lake Victoria, western Kenya. F1000Res 2020; 9:1032. [PMID: 33093949 PMCID: PMC7551511 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.25673.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Strategies that involve manipulations of the odour-orientation of gravid malaria vectors could lead to novel attract-and-kill interventions. Recent work has highlighted the potential involvement of graminoid plants in luring vectors to oviposition sites. This study aimed to analyse the association between water-indicating graminoid plants (Cyperaceae, sedges), other abiotic and biotic factors and the presence and abundance of early instar
Anopheles larvae in aquatic habitats as a proxy indicator for oviposition. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 110 aquatic habitats along the shores of Lake Victoria was done during the rainy season. Habitats were sampled for mosquito larvae using the sweep-net method and habitat characteristics recorded. Results:
Anopheles arabiensis was the dominant species identified from aquatic habitats. Larvae of the secondary malaria vectors such as
Anopheles coustani, An. rufipes and
An. maculipalpis were found only in habitats covered with graminoids, whereas
An. arabiensis, An. ziemanni and
An. pharoensis were found in both habitats with and without graminoid plants. The hypothesis that sedges might be positively associated with the presence and abundance of early instar
Anopheles larvae could not be confirmed. The dominant graminoid plants in the habitats were
Panicum repens,
Cynodon dactylon in the Poaceae family and
Cyperus rotundus in the Cyperaceae family. All of these habitats supported abundant immature vector populations. The presence of early instar larvae was significantly and positively associated with swamp habitat types (OR=22, 95% CI=6-86, P<0.001) and abundance of late
Anopheles larvae (OR=359, CI=33-3941, P<0.001), and negatively associated with the presence of tadpoles (OR=0.1, CI=0.0.01-0.5, P=0.008). Conclusions: Early instar malaria vectors were abundant in habitats densely vegetated with graminoid plants in the study area but no specific preference could be detected for any species or family. In search for oviposition cues, it might be useful to screen for chemical volatiles released from all dominant plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getachew E Bokore
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.,School of Physical and Biological Sciences, Department of Zoology, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333 - 40105, Maseno, Kenya.,Public Health Entomology Team, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, P.O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Paul Ouma
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Patrick O Onyango
- School of Physical and Biological Sciences, Department of Zoology, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333 - 40105, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Tullu Bukhari
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.,School of Physical and Biological Sciences, Department of Zoology, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333 - 40105, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Ulrike Fillinger
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
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Miller JJ, Odom John AR. The Malaria Metabolite HMBPP Does Not Trigger Erythrocyte Terpene Release. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:2567-2572. [PMID: 32966041 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Infection with malarial parasites renders hosts more mosquito-attractive than their uninfected, healthy counterparts. One volatile organic compound, α-pinene, is associated with Plasmodium spp. infection in multiple studies and is a known mosquito attractant. However, how malarial infection results in elevated levels of host-associated α-pinene remains unclear. One study suggested that exposure of erythrocytes to the malarial metabolite (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMBPP) results in increased levels of α-pinene. Here we establish that endogenous levels of α-pinene are present in human erythrocytes, that these levels vary widely by erythrocyte donor, and that α-pinene levels are not altered by HMBPP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J. Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Audrey R. Odom John
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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22
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Demissew A, Hawaria D, Kibret S, Animut A, Tsegaye A, Lee MC, Yan G, Yewhalaw D. Impact of sugarcane irrigation on malaria vector Anopheles mosquito fauna, abundance and seasonality in Arjo-Didessa, Ethiopia. Malar J 2020; 19:344. [PMID: 32962693 PMCID: PMC7510110 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03416-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite extensive irrigation development in Ethiopia, limited studies assessed the impact of irrigation on malaria vector mosquito composition, abundance and seasonality. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of sugarcane irrigation on species composition, abundance and seasonality of malaria vectors. METHODS Adult Anopheles mosquitoes were collected using CDC light traps from three irrigated and three non-irrigated clusters in and around Arjo-Didessa sugarcane irrigation scheme in southwestern Ethiopia. Mosquitoes were surveyed in four seasons: two wet and two dry, in 2018 and 2019. Mosquito species composition, abundance and seasonality were compared between irrigated and non-irrigated clusters. Anopheles mosquitoes were sorted out to species using morphological keys and molecular techniques. Chi square was used to test the relationships between Anopheles species occurrence, and environmental and seasonal parameters. RESULTS Overall, 2108 female Anopheles mosquitoes comprising of six species were collected. Of these, 92.7% (n = 1954) were from irrigated clusters and 7.3% (n = 154) from the non-irrigated. The Anopheles gambiae complex was the most abundant (67.3%) followed by Anopheles coustani complex (25.3%) and Anopheles pharoensis (5.7%). PCR-based identification revealed that 74.7% (n = 168) of the An. gambiae complex were Anopheles arabiensis and 22.7% (n = 51) Anopheles amharicus. The density of An. gambiae complex (both indoor and outdoor) was higher in irrigated than non-irrigated clusters. The overall anopheline mosquito abundance during the wet seasons (87.2%; n = 1837) was higher than the dry seasons (12.8%; n = 271). CONCLUSION The ongoing sugarcane irrigation activities in Arjo-Didessa created conditions suitable for malaria transmitting Anopheles species diversity and abundance. This could drive malaria transmission in Arjo-Didessa and its environs in both dry and wet seasons. Currently practiced malaria vector interventions need to be strengthened by including larval source management to reduce vector abundance in the irrigated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assalif Demissew
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia. .,Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Dawit Hawaria
- Yirgalem Hospital Medical College, Yirgalem, Ethiopia.,School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.,Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Center (TIDRC), Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Kibret
- Program in Public Health, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Abebe Animut
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Arega Tsegaye
- College of Natural Science, Department of Biology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.,Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Center (TIDRC), Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Ming-Cheih Lee
- Program in Public Health, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Guiyun Yan
- Program in Public Health, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Delenasaw Yewhalaw
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.,Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Center (TIDRC), Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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23
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Ignell R, Hill SR. Malaria mosquito chemical ecology. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 40:6-10. [PMID: 32422588 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The field of mosquito chemical ecology has shifted focus over the past five years, driven by the recognition that odour-mediated behaviours are regulated by distinct chemical codes, that is, odour blends emanating from the natural environment. As a research community, we have shifted from our anthropocentric focus to include other behaviours, including plant seeking and oviposition site seeking, in order to develop new tools to combat residual malaria in the wake of the increased insecticide and behavioural resistance in mosquitoes across sub-Saharan Africa. In this short review, we will outline the progress made, and the future directions, in understanding blend recognition and chemical parsimony, and their implications for preadaptation of the odour coding system in malaria mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rickard Ignell
- Disease Vector Group, Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Sharon Rose Hill
- Disease Vector Group, Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden.
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24
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Spanoudis CG, Andreadis SS, Bray DP, Savopoulou-Soultani M, Ignell R. Behavioural response of the house mosquitoes Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex pipiens molestus to avian odours and its reliance on carbon dioxide. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 34:129-137. [PMID: 31912522 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
How Culex (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes select and discriminate between potential avian hosts is critical for understanding the epidemiology of West Nile virus. Therefore, the present authors studied the behavioural responses of Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) and Culex pipiens molestus (Forsskål) to headspace volatiles of three avian species [chicken and pigeon (sexes analysed separately), and magpie], presented either alone or in combination with 600 p.p.m. carbon dioxide (CO2 ). The attraction of Cx. quinquefasciatus to the headspace volatiles of both sexes of chicken, and of female pigeon, in combination with CO2 was significantly higher than that achieved by the CO2 and solvent control. Although Cx. p. molestus was attracted to headspace volatiles of chickens and magpies, it was repelled by those of female pigeons when combined with CO2 . An increased effect between the avian volatiles and CO2 was observed for Cx. quinquefasciatus, whereas the addition of CO2 had no effect on the attraction of Cx. p. molestus females. The results of this study demonstrate that Cx. quinquefasciatus and Cx. p. molestus are attracted to the odour of potential avian hosts. Future studies aimed at identifying the bioactive volatile compounds in the headspace of chickens may contribute to the potential development of effective surveillance and control tools against Culex species.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Spanoudis
- Laboratory of Applied Zoology and Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - S S Andreadis
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Thermi, Greece
| | - D P Bray
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Unit of Chemical Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - M Savopoulou-Soultani
- Laboratory of Applied Zoology and Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - R Ignell
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Unit of Chemical Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
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25
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Meza FC, Roberts JM, Sobhy IS, Okumu FO, Tripet F, Bruce TJA. Behavioural and Electrophysiological Responses of Female Anopheles gambiae Mosquitoes to Volatiles from a Mango Bait. J Chem Ecol 2020; 46:387-396. [PMID: 32274623 PMCID: PMC7205772 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-020-01172-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Attractive Toxic Sugar Baits (ATSB) are used in a “lure-and-kill” approach for management of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae, but the active chemicals were previously unknown. Here we collected volatiles from a mango, Mangifera indica, juice bait which is used in ATSBs in Tanzania and tested mosquito responses. In a Y-tube olfactometer, female mosquitoes were attracted to the mango volatiles collected 24–48 h, 48–72 h and 72–96 h after preparing the bait but volatiles collected at 96–120 h were no longer attractive. Volatile analysis revealed emission of 23 compounds in different chemical classes including alcohols, aldehydes, alkanes, benzenoids, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and oxygenated terpenes. Coupled GC-electroantennogram (GC-EAG) recordings from the antennae of An. gambiae showed robust responses to 4 compounds: humulene, (E)-caryophyllene, terpinolene and myrcene. In olfactometer bioassays, mosquitoes were attracted to humulene and terpinolene. (E)-caryophyllene was marginally attractive while myrcene elicited an avoidance response with female mosquitoes. A blend of humulene, (E)-caryophyllene and terpinolene was highly attractive to females (P < 0.001) when tested against a solvent blank. Furthermore, there was no preference when this synthetic blend was offered as a choice against the natural sample. Our study has identified the key compounds from mango juice baits that attract An. gambiae and this information may help to improve the ATSBs currently used against malaria vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felician C Meza
- Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Of Mlabani Passage, P.O. Box 53, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - Joe M Roberts
- Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- Centre for Integrated Pest Management, Department of Crop and Environment Sciences, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, UK
| | - Islam S Sobhy
- Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal university, 41522, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Fredros O Okumu
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Of Mlabani Passage, P.O. Box 53, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - Frederic Tripet
- Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Toby J A Bruce
- Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
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26
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Barredo E, DeGennaro M. Not Just from Blood: Mosquito Nutrient Acquisition from Nectar Sources. Trends Parasitol 2020; 36:473-484. [PMID: 32298634 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Anthropophilic female mosquitoes are well known for their strong attraction to human hosts, but plant nectar is a common energy source in their diets. When sugar sources are scarce, female mosquitoes of some species can compensate by taking larger and more frequent blood meals. Male mosquitoes are exclusively dependent on plant nectar or alternative sugar sources. Plant preference is likely driven by an innate attraction that may be enhanced by experience, as mosquitoes learn to recognize available sugar rewards. Nectar-seeking involves the integration of at least three sensory systems: olfaction, vision and taste. The prevention of vector-borne illnesses, the determination of the mosquitoes' ecological role, and the design of efficient sugar-baited traps will all benefit from understanding the molecular basis of nectar-seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Barredo
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Matthew DeGennaro
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
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27
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Wooding M, Naudé Y, Rohwer E, Bouwer M. Controlling mosquitoes with semiochemicals: a review. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:80. [PMID: 32066499 PMCID: PMC7027039 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-3960-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of semiochemicals in odour-based traps for surveillance and control of vector mosquitoes is deemed a new and viable component for integrated vector management programmes. Over 114 semiochemicals have been identified, yet implementation of these for management of infectious diseases such as malaria, dengue, chikungunya and Rift Valley fever is still a major challenge. The difficulties arise due to variation in how different mosquito species respond to not only single chemical compounds but also complex chemical blends. Additionally, mosquitoes respond to different volatile blends when they are looking for a mating partner, oviposition sites or a meal. Analytically the challenge lies not only in correctly identifying these semiochemical signals and cues but also in developing formulations that effectively mimic blend ratios that different mosquito species respond to. Only then can the formulations be used to enhance the selectivity and efficacy of odour-based traps. Understanding how mosquitoes use semiochemical cues and signals to survive may be key to unravelling these complex interactions. An overview of the current studies of these chemical messages and the chemical ecology involved in complex behavioural patterns is given. This includes an updated list of the semiochemicals which can be used for integrated vector control management programmes. A thorough understanding of these semiochemical cues is of importance for the development of new vector control methods that can be integrated into established control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelien Wooding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Yvette Naudé
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Egmont Rohwer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Marc Bouwer
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa
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28
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Taylor DM, Olds CL, Haney RS, Torrevillas BK, Luckhart S. Comprehensive and Durable Modulation of Growth, Development, Lifespan and Fecundity in Anopheles stephensi Following Larval Treatment With the Stress Signaling Molecule and Novel Antimalarial Abscisic Acid. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3024. [PMID: 32010091 PMCID: PMC6979008 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The larval environment of holometabolous insects determines many adult life history traits including, but not limited to, rate and success of development and adult lifespan and fecundity. The ancient stress signaling hormone abscisic acid (ABA), released by plants inundated with water and by leaf and root fragments in water, is likely ubiquitous in the mosquito larval environment and is well known for its wide ranging effects on invertebrate biology. Accordingly, ABA is a relevant stimulus and signal for mosquito development. In our studies, the addition of ABA at biologically relevant levels to larval rearing containers accelerated the time to pupation and increased death of A. stephensi pupae. We could not attribute these effects, however, to ABA-dependent changes in JH biosynthesis-associated gene expression, 20E titers or transcript patterns of insulin-like peptide genes. Adult females derived from ABA-treated larvae had reduced total protein content and significantly reduced post blood meal transcript expression of vitellogenin, effects that were consistent with variably reduced egg clutch sizes and oviposition success from the first through the third gonotrophic cycles. Adult female A. stephensi derived from ABA-treated larvae also exhibited reduced lifespans relative to controls. Collectively, these effects of ABA on A. stephensi life history traits are robust, durable and predictive of multiple impacts of an important malaria vector spreading to new malaria endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean M Taylor
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Cassandra L Olds
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Reagan S Haney
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Brandi K Torrevillas
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Shirley Luckhart
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
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29
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Mbaluto CM, Ayelo PM, Duffy AG, Erdei AL, Tallon AK, Xia S, Caballero-Vidal G, Spitaler U, Szelényi MO, Duarte GA, Walker WB, Becher PG. Insect chemical ecology: chemically mediated interactions and novel applications in agriculture. ARTHROPOD-PLANT INTERACTIONS 2020; 14:671-684. [PMID: 33193908 PMCID: PMC7650581 DOI: 10.1007/s11829-020-09791-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Insect chemical ecology (ICE) evolved as a discipline concerned with plant-insect interactions, and also with a strong focus on intraspecific pheromone-mediated communication. Progress in this field has rendered a more complete picture of how insects exploit chemical information in their surroundings in order to survive and navigate their world successfully. Simultaneously, this progress has prompted new research questions about the evolution of insect chemosensation and related ecological adaptations, molecular mechanisms that mediate commonly observed behaviors, and the consequences of chemically mediated interactions in different ecosystems. Themed meetings, workshops, and summer schools are ideal platforms for discussing scientific advancements as well as identifying gaps and challenges within the discipline. From the 11th to the 22nd of June 2018, the 11th annual PhD course in ICE was held at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) Alnarp, Sweden. The course was made up of 35 student participants from 22 nationalities (Fig. 1a) as well as 32 lecturers. Lectures and laboratory demonstrations were supported by literature seminars, and four broad research areas were covered: (1) multitrophic interactions and plant defenses, (2) chemical communication focusing on odor sensing, processing, and behavior, (3) disease vectors, and (4) applied aspects of basic ICE research in agriculture. This particular article contains a summary and brief synthesis of these main emergent themes and discussions from the ICE 2018 course. In addition, we also provide suggestions on teaching the next generation of ICE scientists, especially during unprecedented global situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crispus M. Mbaluto
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Pusch straße 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Pascal M. Ayelo
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (Icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028 South Africa
| | - Alexandra G. Duffy
- Evolutionary Ecology Laboratories, Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, 4102 Life Science Building, Provo, UT 84602 USA
| | - Anna L. Erdei
- Zoology Department, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman Ottó str. 15, Budapest, 1022 Hungary
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 102, 23053 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Anaїs K. Tallon
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 102, 23053 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Siyang Xia
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 21 Sachem Street, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
| | - Gabriela Caballero-Vidal
- INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, Route de Saint-Cyr, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Urban Spitaler
- Institute of Plant Health, Laimburg Research Centre, Laimburg 6, 3904 Ora, South Tyrol Italy
- Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Magdolna O. Szelényi
- Zoology Department, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman Ottó str. 15, Budapest, 1022 Hungary
| | - Gonçalo A. Duarte
- LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - William B. Walker
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 102, 23053 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Paul G. Becher
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 102, 23053 Alnarp, Sweden
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30
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Mbare O, Lindsay SW, Fillinger U. Testing a pyriproxyfen auto-dissemination station attractive to gravid Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto for the development of a novel attract-release -and-kill strategy for malaria vector control. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:800. [PMID: 31510931 PMCID: PMC6740013 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4438-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Larviciding is an effective supplementary tool for malaria vector control, but the identification and accessibility of aquatic habitats impedes application. Dissemination of the insect growth regulator, pyriproxyfen (PPF), by gravid Anopheles might constitute a novel application strategy. This study aimed to explore the feasibility of using an attractive bait-station to contaminate gravid Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto with PPF and subsequently transfer PPF to larval habitats. METHODS A bait-station was developed comprising of an artificial pond containing water treated with 20 ppm cedrol, an oviposition attractant, and a netting-cover treated with PPF. Three identical semi-field cages were used to assess the potential of gravid Anopheles to transfer PPF from the bait-station to ponds. Gravid females were released in two semi-field cages, one with PPF on its bait-station (test) and one without PPF (control). No mosquitoes were released in the third cage with a PPF-treated station (control). Transfer of PPF to open ponds was assessed by monitoring emergence of late instar insectary-reared larvae introduced into the ponds. The amount of PPF carried by a mosquito and transferred to water was quantified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS In the controls, 86% (95% CI 81-89%) of larvae introduced into open ponds developed into adults, indicating that wind did not distribute PPF in absence of mosquitoes. Emergence inhibition was observed in the test cage but was dependent on the distance between pond and bait-station. Only 25% (95% CI 22-29%) of larvae emerged as adults from ponds 4 m from the bait-station, but 92% (95% CI 89-94%) emerged from ponds 10 m away. Each mosquito was contaminated on average with 112 μg (95% CI 93-123 μg) PPF resulting in the transfer of 230 ng/L (95% CI 180-290 ng/L) PPF to 100 ml volumes of water. CONCLUSIONS The bait-stations successfully attracted gravid females which were subsequently dusted with effective levels of PPF. However, in this study design, attraction and dissemination was limited to short distances. To make this approach feasible for malaria vector control, stronger attractants that lure gravid females from longer distances, in landscapes with many water bodies, and better PPF delivery systems are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Mbare
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Human Health Theme, Nairobi, Kenya
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Ulrike Fillinger
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Human Health Theme, Nairobi, Kenya
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