1
|
Arisco NJ, Peterka C, Castro MC. Imported malaria definition and minimum data for surveillance. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17982. [PMID: 36289250 PMCID: PMC9605982 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22590-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The mobility of malaria-infected individuals poses challenges to elimination campaigns by way of spreading parasite drug resistance, straining country-to-country collaboration, and making routine data collection difficult, especially in resource-poor settings. Nevertheless, no concerted effort has been made to develop a common framework to define the spatial and temporal components of an imported malaria case and recommend the minimum data needed to identify it. We conducted a scoping review of imported malaria literature from 2010 to 2020 which showed that definitions vary widely, and local capabilities of detecting importation are often restricted in low-income countries. Following this, we propose a common definition for imported malaria and the minimum data required to identify a case, depending on the country's capability of conducting an epidemiological investigation. Lastly, we utilize the proposed definition using data from Brazil to demonstrate both the feasibility and the importance of tracking imported cases. The case of Brazil highlights the capabilities of regular surveillance systems to monitor importation, but also the need to regularly use these data for informing local responses. Supporting countries to use regularly collected data and adopt a common definition is paramount to tackling the importation of malaria cases and achieving elimination goals set forth by the World Health Organization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Arisco
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cassio Peterka
- Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Marcia C Castro
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
de Jesus MCS, Barbosa JHR, Menezes RADO, Gomes MDSM, Bomfim LGS, Pimenta TS, Baptista ARDS, Machado RLD, de Moura TR, Storti-Melo LM. Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) and other inflammatory mediators in malaria by Plasmodium vivax during enteroparasites coinfection. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270007. [PMID: 35749690 PMCID: PMC9232225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a major health issue with more than 200 million cases occurring annually. Moreover, in Malaria endemic area are frequently observed Malaria-enteroparasite co-infections associated with the modulation of inflammatory response. In this aspect, biomarkers play an important role in the disease prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate inflammatory mediators in malaria during coinfection with enteroparasites. A subset of serum samples already collected was analyzed and divided into four groups: Malaria (n = 34), Co-infected (n = 116), Enteroparasite (n = 120) and Control (n = 95). The serum levels of sTREM-1 and IL-6 were measured by ELISA. TNF-α, and IL-10 levels were previously carried out by flow cytometry. Higher serum levels of sTREM-1 and IL-6 were showed in malaria patients compared to healthy controls. In co-infected malarial patients sTREM-1 serum levels were similar to control group. Interestingly, co-infected malaria patients showed IL-6 serum levels decreased compared to individuals only infected with P. vivax. However, in Malaria patients and co-infected there was a positive correlation between the IL-6 and IL-10 levels (P < 0.0001). This is the first report of sTREM-1 levels in P. vivax infected. Moreover, the results revealing a divergent effect of co-infection with the increased balance between pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines and reduced IL-6 levels but increases the anemia occurrence. The results also highlight the potential use of IL-6 as a biomarker for P. vivax and enteroparasites coinfection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myrela Conceição Santos de Jesus
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia e Parasitologia Aplicadas, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - José Hugo Romão Barbosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Tamirys Simão Pimenta
- Instituto Evandro Chagas / Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde / Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua, Pará, Brasil
| | - Andrea Regina de Souza Baptista
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia e Parasitologia Aplicadas, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Luiz Dantas Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia e Parasitologia Aplicadas, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brasil
| | - Tatiana Rodrigues de Moura
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brasil
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Departamento de Morfologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brasil
- * E-mail:
| | - Luciane Moreno Storti-Melo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brasil
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ramirez Ramirez AD, de Jesus MCS, Rossit J, Reis NF, Santos-Filho MC, Sudré AP, de Oliveira-Ferreira J, Baptista ARDS, Storti-Melo LM, Machado RLD. Association of toll-like receptors in malaria susceptibility and immunopathogenesis: A meta-analysis. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09318. [PMID: 35520620 PMCID: PMC9065626 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a key role in the induced immune response in malaria. Although the potential roles of TLRs have been described, it is necessary to elucidate which of these receptors may actually have an impact on the immunopathogenesis of the disease. This article performed a meta-analysis adhered to the PRISMA statement on TLRs studied in malaria by Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax and its impact on susceptibility and pathogenesis during malaria. A search of the literature was undertaken in PubMed, LILACS and SciELO published until June 30th, 2020. The risk of bias was calculated using the Joanna Briggs Institute's Critical Review Checklist. Later, based on the inclusion and/or exclusion criteria, 17 out of 296 articles were harvested for this systematic review, the meta-analysis included studies incorporating 6,747 cases and 8,983 controls. The results showed that only TLR1, TLR9 and TLR4 receptors were associated with parasitemia, TLR2 and TLR6 were related with severity and none TLR was correlated with susceptibility. The data described here should be taken with caution, since the current evidence is limited and inconsistent. More studies are needed given that the results may change depending on the region and genetic background of the populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aína Danaisa Ramirez Ramirez
- Center for Microorganisms' Investigation, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Myrela Conceição Santos de Jesus
- Center for Microorganisms' Investigation, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Júlia Rossit
- Center for Microorganisms' Investigation, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nathália Faria Reis
- Center for Microorganisms' Investigation, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Cerilo Santos-Filho
- Center for Microorganisms' Investigation, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana Pittella Sudré
- Laboratory of Parasites Molecular Biology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea Regina de Souza Baptista
- Center for Microorganisms' Investigation, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciane Moreno Storti-Melo
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Luiz Dantas Machado
- Center for Microorganisms' Investigation, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Marteau A, Ouedraogo E, Van der Meersch G, Akhoundi M, Souhail B, Cohen Y, Bouchaud O, Izri A. Severe long-delayed malaria caused by Plasmodium malariae in an elderly French patient. Malar J 2021; 20:337. [PMID: 34353333 PMCID: PMC8340512 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03870-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmodium malariae is the cause of the rare but severe form of malaria that sometimes affects individuals travelling to malaria-endemic regions. This report presents the unique case of a patient exhibiting severe malaria symptoms caused by P. malariae with no record of recent travel to any malaria-endemic areas. CASE PRESENTATION An 81-year-old French woman was admitted to the emergency department with sustained fever and severe weakness for the past 5 days. She suffered from anaemia, thrombocytopenia, confusion, somnolence, pulmonary complications, and hypoxaemia. In the absence of any concrete aetiology that could explain the fever together with thrombocytopenia, physicians suspected malaria as a probable diagnosis. The LAMP-PCR and lateral flow test confirmed the presence of malaria parasite, Plasmodium sp. Microscopic examination (May-Grünwald Giemsa-stained thin blood smear) revealed the presence of trophozoites, schizonts, and gametocytes with 0.93 % parasitaemia. Conventional PCR amplification targeting 510 bp DNA fragment of small subunit ribosomal RNA (ssrRNA) and bidirectional sequencing identified the parasite as Plasmodium malariae. The travel history of this patient revealed her visits to several countries in Europe (Greece), North Africa (Tunisia and Morocco), and the West Indies (Dominican Republic). Of these, the latter was the only country known to be endemic for malaria at the time (three malaria parasite species were prevalent: Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, and P. malariae). The patient had most likely got infected when she visited the Dominican Republic in the summer of 2002. This time interval between the initial parasite infection (2002) till the onset of symptoms and its subsequent diagnosis (2020) is a reminder of the ability of P. malariae to persist in the human host for many years. CONCLUSIONS This report highlights the persistent nature and ability of P. malariae to cause severe infection in the host even after a prolonged time interval.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Marteau
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, 125, route de Stalingrad, 93009, Bobigny cedex, France
| | - Elise Ouedraogo
- Infectious diseases Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Bobigny, France
| | - Guillaume Van der Meersch
- Service de Réanimation Médico-Chirurgicale, Hôpital Avicenne, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bobigny, France
| | - Mohammad Akhoundi
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, 125, route de Stalingrad, 93009, Bobigny cedex, France.
| | - Berenice Souhail
- Infectious diseases Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Bobigny, France
| | - Yves Cohen
- Service de Réanimation Médico-Chirurgicale, Hôpital Avicenne, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bobigny, France
| | - Olivier Bouchaud
- Infectious diseases Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Bobigny, France
| | - Arezki Izri
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, 125, route de Stalingrad, 93009, Bobigny cedex, France
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|