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Lange MK, Just-Nørregaard V, Winding TN. How does subjective social status at school at the age of 15 affect the risk of depressive symptoms at the ages of 18, 21, and 28? A longitudinal study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0296349. [PMID: 38157358 PMCID: PMC10756531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young people's mental health is declining. Depression is a public disease which is increasing internationally, and in Denmark an increase is seen especially among young people. Objective social status is known to be associated with mental health and depression, but little is known about the association between adolescent subjective social status at school and depressive symptoms during young adulthood. The aim was to investigate the association between 15-year-old's subjective social status at school and the development of depressive symptoms at age 18, 21 and 28. METHODS The study is a longitudinal study using questionnaire data from The West Jutland Cohort Study Denmark. The study population consisted of adolescents who at baseline, at age 15 (2004), had answered questions about their subjective social status in school using the MacArthur scale-youth version. Answers were categorised into low, medium, and high subjective social status. Outcome data about depressive symptoms was collected at age 18 (2007), age 21 (2010) and age 28 (2017) using the CES-DC and CES-D scales, dichotomised into few or many depressive symptoms. The associations between subjective social status at school at age 15 and depressive symptoms at ages 18, 21 and 28 were analysed using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS Statistically significant associations were found between low subjective social status at school at age 15 and the odds of many depressive symptoms at all three age points in young adulthood. When adjusting for co-variates the odds ratio for many depressive symptoms at age 18 was OR 3.34 [1.84;6.08], at age 21 OR 3.31 [1.75;6.26] and at age 28 OR 2.12 [1.13;3.97]. CONCLUSIONS The subjective social status of 15-year-olds is associated with depressive symptoms at ages 18, 21 and 28, respectively. It seems that subjective social status at age 15 is of greatest importance for the occurrence of depressive symptoms in the short run, and that the impact attenuates over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Kjærgaard Lange
- Department of Occupational Medicine–University Research Clinic, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Goedstrup Hospital, Herning, Denmark
| | - Vivi Just-Nørregaard
- Department of Occupational Medicine–University Research Clinic, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Goedstrup Hospital, Herning, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Trine Nøhr Winding
- Department of Occupational Medicine–University Research Clinic, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Goedstrup Hospital, Herning, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Dudok R, Piko BF. Multi-Level Protective Factors of Adolescent Smoking and Drinking. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:932-947. [PMID: 37366775 PMCID: PMC10297426 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13060071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is the most critical life stage for experimentation with substance use; however, this is also the most suitable period for strengthening protective factors and thus promoting adult physical and mental health. Since smoking and drinking still appear among the most frequent types of substance abuse in Europe, this study aims to examine the role of potential protective factors at multiple levels for adolescent smoking and drinking: psychological factors at the individual level, aspects of school attachment at the school level, social support variables at the social level, and measures of quality of life at the level of mental health. This cross-sectional survey involved a sample of adolescents (aged 11-18 years, N = 276) in Budapest and villages in its metropolitan area (Hungary). In addition to descriptive statistics, logistic regression analyses were used to detect odds for potential protective factors. There were no sex differences in adolescents' substance use. Self-control seems to be a universal and most determining protective factor against substance use, while other potential protective factors (self-esteem, resilience, social support from family or significant others, school attachment, and mental well-being) may also contribute to prevention. However, age and friend support acted as risk factors. Findings suggest that a complex approach to prevention should receive consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réka Dudok
- Doctoral School of Education, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Bettina F. Piko
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, University of Szeged, 6722 Szeged, Hungary
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Laliberte S, Varcoe C. Implications of Canadian youth views for measuring youth mental health from a socio-economic perspective. Health Promot Int 2021; 36:274-285. [PMID: 32361737 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daz085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing meaningful indicators to track youth mental health (MH) is important to support the development and evaluation of responsive mental health promotion (MHP) initiatives that address the socio-economic determinants of youth MH. Development of relevant indicators is challenged, however, by the lack of knowledge regarding the relations among socio-economic factors and youth MH. Thirty diverse young people from a Canadian metropolitan area were engaged within a process of social praxis to explore their experiences of the inter-relationship between their socio-economic environments and their MH and their processes of seeking to realize their MH. Participants emphasized 'needs' as foundational to MH, whereas 'wants', driven by materialistic and wealth-oriented values and social norms, constrained their MH. Their reflections on the inter-relations among their MH and socio-economic processes highlight eight inter-related MH needs within the Canadian socio-economic context. In this paper, we present these needs and show how these needs, young people's affective states, and their access to resources within co-evolving socio-economic processes (to enable their needs) illustrate the fundamental inter-relation between young people's MH and socio-economic processes. We identify implications for measuring youth MH within MHP practice, including the importance of iterative indicator frameworks that include measures of young people's access to resources to enable their MH needs and their degree of distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shari Laliberte
- School of Health Sciences, Vancouver Community College, 1155 East Broadway, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V5T 4V5
| | - Colleen Varcoe
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, T153 2211, Westbrook Mall, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 2B5
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Laliberte S, Varcoe C. The benefits of a historical-dialectical ontology to critical mental health promotion research. Health Promot Int 2021; 36:262-273. [PMID: 32361754 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we explore challenges and opportunities in research oriented to understanding the relations among elements of socio-economic life and mental health (MH) and the development and evaluation of mental health promotion (HP) initiatives. We review the population health intervention research (PHIR) literature and respond to recommendations regarding social determinants of health and health inequities-focused research. We discuss three inter-related issue areas: first, the continued dominance of linear and individually oriented theories within predominantly quantitative research approaches and the underdevelopment of ontological and theoretical perspectives that capture complexity; second, the inconsistent use of measures of socio-economic status and health with a lack of attention to taken for granted assumptions; and third, the continued focus on measuring MH challenges to the neglect of exploring the meaning of MH in a positive sense. We extend recommendations within the PHIR literature by sharing our application of a historical-dialectical ontological perspective within a process of social praxis with diverse Canadian young people with varying degrees of access to socio-economic resources. Young people were engaged to explore the relations among socio-economic processes, young people's MH and implications for mental HP. We argue that this ontological perspective can support the development of structurally oriented critical qualitative research approaches in PHIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shari Laliberte
- School of Health Sciences, Vancouver Community College, 1155 East Broadway, Vancouver, BC Canada V5T 4V5
| | - Colleen Varcoe
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, T201-2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC Canada V6T 2B5
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Li J, Jia RX, Li JY, Qian S, Wang YQ, Xu Y. Meaning of socioeconomic status for mental health of adolescents in East China. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2021; 27:649-662. [PMID: 34190653 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2021.1946105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
There is limited evidence on the association between different dimensions of socioeconomic status and mental health on adolescents in developing nations. The aim of this study was to examine this association among adolescents in East China. A school-based study that recruited 6902 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years was conducted in Suzhou, Hefei and Hangzhou. Multiple of indicators of socioeconomic status and mental health in adolescents were examined. Results revealed that girls showed significantly higher score of the global severity index, obsessive-compulsive, depression, anxiety, hostility, and phobic anxiety symptoms than boys. As expected, there was a slightly negative correlation between different dimensions of socioeconomic status to different domains of mental health problems (r ranged from -0.044 to 0.124). Furthermore, we found that maternal education and occupation were significantly associated with mental health for both boys and girls, while subjective socioeconomic status only was significantly associated with girls. In conclusion, adolescents in families with socioeconomic disadvantage, in the form of lower educational level and occupational prestige of mothers, had greater risk of mental health problem. Meanwhile, higher subjective socioeconomic status positively affects the mental health of female adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Xia Jia
- Department of Social Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Yu Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Qian
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Quan Wang
- Department of Social Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Department of Social Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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Leach LS, Dinh H, Cooklin A, Nicholson JM, Strazdins L. Australian parents' work-family conflict: accumulated effects on children's family environment and mental health. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:571-581. [PMID: 32813025 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01944-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Many parents struggle to balance their work and family responsibilities. Yet, little research in the field of social psychiatry has explored the emergence of work-family conflict (WFC) as an important social determinant of mental health, particularly for children. The current study used longitudinal Australian population-based data to investigate the impact of parents' accumulated experiences of work-family conflict on children's mental health. Levels of parent psychological distress, marital satisfaction and parenting irritability were examined as potential explanatory factors within the family environment. METHODS The study used five waves of data from the Australian Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC), a representative community sample of Australian children and their parents. Analyses were restricted to coupled, employed mothers (1903) and fathers (1584) who reported their WFC levels in all five waves. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to examine the association between accumulated experiences of work-family conflict across all time-points (AWFC) and children's mental health at wave 5. Family environment factors were assessed as possible explanatory mediators. RESULTS There was a significant association between AWFC and children's mental health at wave 5. Parent psychological distress, marital satisfaction and parenting irritability were all found to significantly explain this association (accounting for 66% of the total effect). CONCLUSIONS Children whose parents have ongoing or accumulated difficulties managing their work and family responsibilities are more likely to have poorer mental health. This has important implications for family-friendly work arrangements and demonstrates the need to further understand the intergenerational impacts of parents' jobs on their children's psychological wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana S Leach
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (NCEPH), Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Building 62, Acton, 2601, Australia.
| | - Huong Dinh
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (NCEPH), Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Building 62, Acton, 2601, Australia
| | - Amanda Cooklin
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Jan M Nicholson
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Lyndall Strazdins
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (NCEPH), Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Building 62, Acton, 2601, Australia
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Cermakova P, Pikhart H, Ruiz M, Kubinova R, Bobak M. Socioeconomic position in childhood and depressive symptoms in later adulthood in the Czech Republic. J Affect Disord 2020; 272:17-23. [PMID: 32379611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression risk may partly originate from socioeconomic hardship in childhood. We investigated the association of childhood socioeconomic position with depressive symptoms in later adulthood in a Central and Eastern European country. METHODS We analyzed data from the Czech arm of the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe (HAPIEE) study. We estimated the associations of three indicators of childhood socioeconomic position (access to household amenities at age of 10 years, father´s education and mother´s education) with high depressive symptoms, operationalized as ≥16 points on the Center for Epidemiological Studies - Depression 20 scale, controlling for age and sex, current socioeconomic position and other social and health-related factors. RESULTS The analytical sample included 4,213 individuals (mean age 58 years, 54% women). All three indicators of childhood socioeconomic position were inversely associated with depressive symptoms in age-sex adjusted models (p for trends: access to household amenities p<0.001; mother´s education p<0.001; father´s education p=0.03). Adjustment for current socioeconomic position attenuated the associations of depressive symptoms with access to household amenities (p for trend 0.04) and mother´s education (p for trend 0.05) and virtually eliminated the association with father´s education (p for trend 0.82). LIMITATIONS Individuals with higher depressive symptoms and more adverse socioeconomic position are likely to be underrepresented in the study sample. Data on childhood socioeconomic position may be reported inaccurately. CONCLUSIONS Socioeconomic hardship in childhood may have long-lasting consequences on mental health in later adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Cermakova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic; Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hynek Pikhart
- University College London, Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Milagros Ruiz
- University College London, Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, London, United Kingdom; Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Martin Bobak
- University College London, Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, London, United Kingdom.
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8
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Madsen KR, Holstein BE, Damsgaard MT, Rayce SB, Jespersen LN, Due P. Trends in social inequality in loneliness among adolescents 1991-2014. J Public Health (Oxf) 2020; 41:e133-e140. [PMID: 30053062 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdy133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness and social inequality in health are important public health concerns. We examined (i) trends in loneliness among adolescents from 1991 to 2014 in Denmark and (ii) trends in social inequality in loneliness. METHODS Study population: 11-15-year olds in random samples of schools in 1991, 1994, 1998, 2006 and 2014, n = 19 096. Loneliness was measured by a single item and social background by parents' occupational social class (OSC). We calculated absolute (%) differences in loneliness between high and low OSC and relative differences by odds ratio for loneliness. RESULTS Across all surveys, 6.3% reported feeling lonely. The prevalence increased from 4.4% in 1991 to 7.2% in 2014. The prevalence of loneliness in high, middle and low OSC was 5.8, 5.9 and 8.0%. The increase in loneliness was more pronounced in higher than lower OSC, resulting in a decreasing absolute social inequality in loneliness. The statistical interaction between OSC and survey year was significant, P = 0.0176, i.e. the relative social inequality in loneliness also decreased from 1991 to 2014. CONCLUSION The prevalence of loneliness increased from 1991 to 2014. The social inequality in loneliness decreased in both absolute and relative terms because of a rising prevalence of loneliness among children from high OSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Madsen
- University of Southern Denmark, National Institute of Public Health, Studiestræde 6, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B E Holstein
- University of Southern Denmark, National Institute of Public Health, Studiestræde 6, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M T Damsgaard
- University of Southern Denmark, National Institute of Public Health, Studiestræde 6, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S B Rayce
- VIVE-the Danish Center for Social Science Research, Herluf Trolles Gade 11, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L N Jespersen
- University of Southern Denmark, National Institute of Public Health, Studiestræde 6, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Due
- University of Southern Denmark, National Institute of Public Health, Studiestræde 6, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Steinvoord K, Junge A. Does an association exist between socio-economic status and subjective physical, mental and social well-being among early adolescents? Int J Adolesc Med Health 2019; 34:ijamh-2019-0090. [PMID: 31586965 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2019-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that the socio-economic status (SES) has a great impact on adult and childhood well-being. Comparatively little research has been conducted on the relationship of adolescents' subjective well-being to SES. Recent studies though, display a tendency for a strong relationship between adolescences' subjective physical, mental and social well-being to SES. We therefore wanted to find out whether an association exists between SES and subjective physical, mental and social well-being among adolescents as well as between SES and individual school marks. METHODS The cross-sectional data of 450 German adolescent students (average age 11 years old) were analysed. The data included socio-demographic variables, school marks and selected subscales of three well-established questionnaires [KIDSCREEN, Kid-Kindl® and the German version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-deu)]. The Hamburg Social School Index (HSSI) was used as an indicator of SES. RESULTS Significant differences between SES and physical (T = -2.04; p < 0.05) as well as social well-being ('Social Support and Peers' with T = -2.04; p < 0.05) of adolescents were found. Generally, no relations between SES and mental well-being were found. School marks also differed between low and high school SES [German (T = 3.13; p < 0.05), English (T = 5.38; p < 0.01), Mathematics (T = 3.16; p < 0.05) and Sports (T = 2.10; p < 0.05)]. CONCLUSION As health in adolescence is a predictor for health in adulthood, health promotion and prevention need to start early (primary school) to improve physical and social well-being in low SES families and schools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Astrid Junge
- MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Schulthess Clinic, Zürich, Switzerland
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Lee B, Seo DC. Socioeconomic Disparities in Health Risk Behavior Clusterings Among Korean Adolescents. Int J Behav Med 2018; 25:540-547. [PMID: 29728989 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-018-9723-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to investigate the socioeconomic disparities in health risk behavior clusterings among Korean adolescents and to assess the mediating role of stress on this association. METHOD We analyzed the 2015 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a nationally representative sample of Korean middle and high school students aged 12-18 years (N = 68,043). The co-occurrence of multiple health risk behaviors (i.e., cigarette smoking, drinking, and unprotected sex) was used to operationalize health risk behavior clusterings that ranged from zero to three. Ordinal and multinomial logistic regressions were conducted to examine socioeconomic disparities in health risk behavior clusterings and mediating effect of perceived stress between socioeconomic status (SES) and health risk behaviors. RESULTS When SES was grouped into five groups, adolescents in the lowest SES [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.90-2.44] and the highest SES (AOR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.18-1.40) showed a higher likelihood of risk behavior clusterings than any other SES groups. Stress partially mediated the relationship between SES and co-occurrence of multiple health risk behaviors while accounting for their demographic characteristics. Adolescents in the lowest and highest SES reported higher stress than other SES groups, which, in turn, was associated with the co-occurrence of multiple health risk behaviors. CONCLUSION The results suggest that perceived stress level partly explains why affluent as well as low-SES adolescents engage in multiple risk behaviors. The findings also discourage use of a linear approach in socioeconomic disparity investigation in relation to adolescent health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boram Lee
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health, Suite 116, 1025 E. 7th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405-7109, USA
| | - Dong-Chul Seo
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health, Suite 116, 1025 E. 7th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405-7109, USA.
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Sheikh MA. The potential protective effect of friendship on the association between childhood adversity and psychological distress in adulthood: A retrospective, preliminary, three-wave population-based study. J Affect Disord 2018; 226:21-27. [PMID: 28942202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies that assessed the mediating role of social support in the association between childhood adversity and psychological distress based their inferences on very small, selective samples, which makes it impossible to generalise the findings to general population. The aim of this paper was to assess the mediating role of quantity and quality of social support in adulthood in the association between childhood adversity and psychological distress in adulthood. METHODS The study has a three-wave design; the present analysis used longitudinal data collected from 1994 to 2008 within the framework of the Tromsø Study (N = 4530), a representative prospective cohort study of men and women. Quantity and quality of social support were measured at a mean age of 54.7 years, and psychological distress in adulthood was measured at a mean age of 61.7 years. Mediation analysis was used to assess the indirect effect of childhood adversity (via quantity and quality of social support) on psychological distress in adulthood. RESULTS Childhood adversity was associated with deficits in quantity and quality of social support in adulthood (p < 0.05). Childhood adversity and deficits in quantity and quality of social support were associated with psychological distress in adulthood (p < 0.05). Quantity and quality of social support significantly (p < 0.05) mediated the association between childhood adversity and psychological distress in adulthood. LIMITATIONS Childhood adversity was assessed retrospectively and social support was measured with two items. CONCLUSION Interventions aimed at reducing social isolation may alleviate the burden carried by survivors of childhood adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashhood Ahmed Sheikh
- Health Services Research Unit, Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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12
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Diehl K, Hoebel J, Sonntag D, Hilger J. Subjective social status and its relationship to health and health behavior: comparing two different scales in university students. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2017; 31:/j/ijamh.ahead-of-print/ijamh-2017-0079/ijamh-2017-0079.xml. [PMID: 28841574 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2017-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Little is known about the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and health in late adolescence. As it is difficult to measure SES in this age group directly, we used two subjective social status (SSS) scales with different reference groups for social comparison in the relatively homogeneous group of university students and analyzed the relationship with health and health behaviors. Methods We used two 10-rung ladders, a societal and a university one, to measure SSS in students (n = 689, 16-29 years). We compared the scales' ratings and analyzed relationships with sociodemographic factors, health outcomes and behaviors. Results On average, students rated their individual SSS higher on the university scale (6.87) than on the societal one (6.41). Regarding health outcomes and behaviors, we found similar results for both scales, while sociodemographic variables were more likely to be associated with the societal scale. Conclusion SSS seems to be a useful measure besides the objective SES. Our data suggest that both SSS scales are helpful in the framework of health inequality but differ slightly in what they measure. More detailed research may help to determine which scale is appropriate for individual study context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Diehl
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Straße 7-11, 68167 Mannheim, Germany, Phone: +49 621 383 9602, Fax: +49 621 383 9920
| | - Jens Hoebel
- Unit of Social Determinants of Health, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Diana Sonntag
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Jennifer Hilger
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Frasquilho D, de Matos MG, Marques A, Neville FG, Gaspar T, Caldas-de-Almeida JM. Unemployment, Parental Distress and Youth Emotional Well-Being: The Moderation Roles of Parent-Youth Relationship and Financial Deprivation. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2016; 47:751-8. [PMID: 26646144 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-015-0610-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigated, in a sample of 112 unemployed parents of adolescents aged 10-19 years, the links between parental distress and change in youth emotional problems related to parental unemployment, and the moderation roles of parent-youth relationship and financial deprivation. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlations. Further, simple moderation, additive moderation, and moderated moderation models of regression were performed to analyze the effects of parental distress, parent-youth relationship and financial deprivation in predicting change in youth emotional problems related to parental unemployment. Results show that parental distress moderated by parent-youth relationship predicted levels of change in youth emotional problems related to parental unemployment. This study provides evidence that during job loss, parental distress is linked to youth emotional well-being and that parent-youth relationships play an important moderation role. This raises the importance of further researching parental distress impacts on youth well-being, especially during periods of high unemployment rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Frasquilho
- Nova Medical School and CMDT/IHMT, Nova University Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Margarida Gaspar de Matos
- Faculty of Human Kinetics and ISAMB, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,William James Center for Research, ISPA, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Adilson Marques
- Faculty of Human Kinetics and ISAMB, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fergus G Neville
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, UK
| | - Tânia Gaspar
- Faculty of Human Kinetics and ISAMB, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,School of Psychology, Lusíada University, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J M Caldas-de-Almeida
- Department of Mental Health, Nova Medical School, Nova University Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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Frasquilho D, de Matos MG, Santos T, Gaspar T, Caldas de Almeida JM. Unemployment as a source of mental distress to individuals and their family: Unemployed parents' perceptions during the economic recession. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2016; 62:477-86. [PMID: 27282174 DOI: 10.1177/0020764016650469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the economic recession, several people in Europe became unemployed. This situation may risk their mental health. AIM This study explored parents' perceptions about their unemployment's effects in daily life during the recession. METHODS A total of 59 unemployed parents (40.7% fathers and 59.3% mothers), ageing 44.4 years (±6.2), answer a question on how the unemployment affected their family lives. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data. RESULTS The findings suggest that unemployment is a source of adult and youth mental distress and of economic hardship and changes in family relations. CONCLUSION Support to unemployed individuals and their families could benefit from these insights when granting the needed financial and socioemotional assistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Frasquilho
- Nova Medical School and Center for Malaria & Tropical Diseases (CMDT)/Institute of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal William James Research Center, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada (ISPA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margarida Gaspar de Matos
- William James Research Center, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada (ISPA), Lisbon, Portugal Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Teresa Santos
- William James Research Center, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada (ISPA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tânia Gaspar
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal Institute of Psychology and Educational Sciences Lusíada University, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J M Caldas de Almeida
- Department of Mental Health, Nova Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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