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Nassiri-Ansari T, Rhule ELM. Missing in action: a scoping review of gender as the overlooked component in decolonial discourses. BMJ Glob Health 2024; 9:e014235. [PMID: 38604753 PMCID: PMC11015240 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-014235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Race and gender were intimately intertwined aspects of the colonial project, used as key categories of hierarchisation within both colonial and modern societies. As such, true decolonisation is only possible when both are addressed equally; failure to address the colonial root causes of gender-based inequalities will allow for the perpetuation of racialised notions of gender to persist across the global health ecosystem. However, the authors note with concern the relative sidelining of gender within the decolonising global health discourse, especially as it navigates the critical transition from rhetoric to action. METHODS A scoping review was conducted to locate where gender does, or does not, appear within the decolonising global health literature. The authors reviewed the decolonising global health literature available on Scopus and PubMed online databases to identify peer-reviewed papers with the search terms "(decoloni* or de-coloni*) OR (neocolonial or neo-colonial) AND 'global health'" in their title, abstract or keywords published by December 2022. RESULTS Out of 167 papers on decolonising global health, only 53 (32%) had any reference to gender and only 26 (16%) explicitly engaged with gender as it intersects with (de)coloniality. Four key themes emerged from these 26 papers: an examination of coloniality's racialised and gendered nature; how this shaped and continues to shape hierarchies of knowledge; how these intertwining forces drive gendered impacts on health programmes and policies; and how a decolonial gender analysis can inform action for change. CONCLUSION Historical legacies of colonisation continue to shape contemporary global health practice. The authors call for the integration of a decolonial gender analysis in actions and initiatives that aim to decolonise global health, as well as within allied movements which seek to confront the root causes of power asymmetries and inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Nassiri-Ansari
- United Nations University International Institute for Global Health, Cheras, WP Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Khatri RB, Assefa Y. Drivers of the Australian Health System towards Health Care for All: A Scoping Review and Qualitative Synthesis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:6648138. [PMID: 37901893 PMCID: PMC10611547 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6648138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Australia has made significant progress towards universal access to primary health care (PHC) services. However, disparities in the utilisation of health services and health status remain challenges in achieving the global target of universal health coverage (UHC). This scoping review aimed at synthesizing the drivers of PHC services towards UHC in Australia. Methods We conducted a scoping review of the literature published from 1 January 2010 to 30 July 2021 in three databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. Search terms were identified under four themes: health services, Australia, UHC, and successes or challenges. Data were analysed using an inductive thematic analysis approach. Drivers (facilitators and barriers) of PHC services were explained by employing a multilevel framework that included the proximal level (at the level of users and providers), intermediate level (organisational and community level), and distal level (macrosystem or distal/structural level). Results A total of 114 studies were included in the review. Australia has recorded several successes in increased utilisation of PHC services, resulting in an overall improvement in health status. However, challenges remain in poor access and high unmet needs of health services among disadvantaged/priority populations (e.g., immigrants and Indigenous groups), those with chronic illnesses (multiple chronic conditions), and those living in rural and remote areas. Several drivers have contributed in access to and utilisation of health services (especially among priority populations)operating at multilevel health systems, such as proximal level drivers (health literacy, users' language, access to health facilities, providers' behaviours, quantity and competency of health workforce, and service provision at health facilities), intermediate drivers (community engagement, health programs, planning and monitoring, and funding), and distal (structural) drivers (socioeconomic disparities and discriminations). Conclusion Australia has had several successes towards UHC. However, access to health services poses significant challenges among specific priority populations and rural residents. To achieve universality and equity of health services, health system efforts (supply- and demand-side policies, programs and service interventions) are required to be implemented in multilevel health systems. Implementation of targeted health policy and program approaches are needed to provide comprehensive PHC and address the effects of structural disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resham B. Khatri
- Health Social Science and Development Research Institute, Kathmandu, Nepal
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yibeltal Assefa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Tucker S, Luetz JM. Art Therapy in Australian Prisons: A Research Agenda. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2023:306624X231165350. [PMID: 37154516 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x231165350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Art therapy in prisons remains widely under-researched in Australia and beyond and represents a major gap in the literature. Despite evidence that art therapy can be a tool for social change, to date, there are no recorded studies in Australia which have investigated the therapeutic benefits of art in prison populations with measured outcomes. Literary analysis suggests that research tends to be hampered by limitations in methodological approaches that are suited to prison environments. By engaging "inside" with inmates over the course of an 8-week art therapy program, this research design addresses this knowledge gap. Building on 5 years of piloting, the research methodological design presented in this paper embodies a prototype that promises to overcome the limitations of previous research approaches. This research agenda promises to facilitate creative interventions through sensitively attuned art therapy delivery. Benefits are expected to accrue to diverse stakeholder groups, including inmates, chaplaincy and parole services, voluntary facilitators, policymakers, criminologists, and taxpayers, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Tucker
- Uniting Care Prison Ministry, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Griffith University, Mount Gravatt Campus, QLD, Australia
- Christian Heritage College (CHC), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Johannes M Luetz
- The University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, Australia
- The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Alphacrucis University College, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Dean K, Lyons G, Johnson A, McEntyre E. First Nations Peoples in the forensic mental health system in New South Wales: Characteristics and rates of criminal charges post-release. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2023; 57:904-913. [PMID: 36786199 DOI: 10.1177/00048674231151594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well established that First Nations Peoples in Australia are overrepresented within the criminal justice system. However, First Nations Peoples appear to be comparatively underrepresented in the forensic mental health system, and little is known about their outcomes once released from secure care. OBJECTIVE To compare the characteristics and rates of repeat criminal justice contact for a criminal charge of First Nations and non-First Nations forensic patients in New South Wales. METHODS Data on the sample were extracted from the New South Wales Mental Health Review Tribunal paper and electronic files matched to the Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research Reoffending Database. Characteristics of First Nations and non-First Nations patients were compared using univariate logistic regression analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression was used to determine predictors of post-release criminal charges. RESULTS Key differences in the sociodemographic, clinical and forensic characteristics of First Nations compared with non-First Nations forensic patients were identified. The time to first criminal justice contact following release was significantly shorter for First Nations forensic patients (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION The findings of this study confirm that First Nations forensic patients have distinct and complex needs that are apparent at entry to the forensic mental health system and that their poorer criminal justice contact rates following release from secure care indicate that these needs are not being adequately met either during treatment or once in the community. Responses to these study findings must consider the complex and continuing impact of colonisation on First Nations Peoples, as well as the need for solutions to be culturally safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberlie Dean
- Discipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network, NSW, Australia
| | - Georgia Lyons
- Discipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anina Johnson
- Discipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Ahmed MK, Scretching D, Lane SD. Study designs, measures and indexes used in studying the structural racism as a social determinant of health in high income countries from 2000-2022: evidence from a scoping review. Int J Equity Health 2023; 22:4. [PMID: 36609274 PMCID: PMC9817325 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-022-01796-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, structural racism has been well documented as an important social determinant of health (SODH) resulting in racial inequality related to health. Although studies on structural racism have increased over the years, the selection of appropriate designs, measures, and indexes of measurement that respond to SODH has not been comprehensively documented. Therefore, the lack of evidence seems to exist. This scoping review was conducted to map and summarize global evidence on the use of various designs, measures, and indexes of measurement when studying structural racism as a social determinant of health. METHODS We performed a scoping review of global evidence from 2000 to 2022 published in 5 databases: PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycInfo, Web of Science, ProQuest, and relevant grey literature on structural racism. We conducted a systematic search using keywords and subject headings around 3 concepts. We included peer reviewed original research/review articles which conceived the framework of social determinants of health (SODH) and studied structural racism. RESULTS Our review identified 1793 bibliographic citations for screening and 54 articles for final review. Articles reported 19 types of study design, 87 measures of exposure and 58 measures of health outcomes related to structural racism. 73 indexes or scales of measurement were used to assess health impacts of structural racism. Majority of articles were primary research (n = 43/54 articles; 79.6%), used quantitative research method (n = 32/54 articles; 59.3%) and predominantly conducted in the United States (n = 46/54 articles; 85.2.6%). Cross-sectional study design was the most used design (n = 17/54 articles; 31.5%) followed by systematic review (n = 7/54 articles; 13.0%) and narrative review (n = 6/54 articles; 11.1%). Housing and residential segregation was the largest cluster of exposure with the highest impact in infant health outcome. CONCLUSIONS Our review found several key gaps and research priorities on structural racism such as lack of longitudinal studies and availability of structural or ecological data, lack of consensus on the use of consolidated appropriate measures, indexes of measurement and appropriate study designs that can capture complex interactions of exposure and outcomes related to structural racism holistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Koushik Ahmed
- grid.264484.80000 0001 2189 1568Department of Public Health, Falk College of Sports and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, 150 Crouse Dr, 430 White Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA
| | - Desiree Scretching
- grid.264484.80000 0001 2189 1568School of Information Studies, Syracuse University, 343 Hinds Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA
| | - Sandra D. Lane
- grid.264484.80000 0001 2189 1568Department of Public Health, Falk College of Sports and Human Dynamics, 439 White Hall, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA
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McBride K, Franks C, Wade V, King V, Rigney J, Burton N, Dowling A, Mitchell JA, Van Kessel G, Howard N, Paquet C, Hillier S, Nicholls SJ, Brown A. Getting to the heart of the matter: a research partnership with Aboriginal women in South and Central Australia. CRITICAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09581596.2022.2147417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharine McBride
- Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Wardliparingga Aboriginal Health Equity Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Christine Franks
- Wardliparingga Aboriginal Health Equity Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- Aboriginal Women’s Advisory Group, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Vicki Wade
- Aboriginal Women’s Advisory Group, Adelaide, Australia
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia
| | - Veronica King
- Aboriginal Women’s Advisory Group, Adelaide, Australia
- Central Australian Aboriginal Congress, Alice Springs, Australia
| | - Janice Rigney
- Aboriginal Women’s Advisory Group, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Nyunmiti Burton
- Aboriginal Women’s Advisory Group, Adelaide, Australia
- Ngaanyatjarra, Pitjantjatjara, Yankunytjatjara Women’s Council, Alice Springs, Australia
| | - Anna Dowling
- Aboriginal Women’s Advisory Group, Adelaide, Australia
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Julie Anne Mitchell
- Aboriginal Women’s Advisory Group, Adelaide, Australia
- The Heart Foundation of Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gisela Van Kessel
- Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Natasha Howard
- Wardliparingga Aboriginal Health Equity Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- Indigenous Genomics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Catherine Paquet
- Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Faculté des Sciences de l’Administration, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Susan Hillier
- Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Alex Brown
- Wardliparingga Aboriginal Health Equity Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute and Australian National University, Adelaide, Australia
- Indigenous Genomics, Australian National University, Adelaide, Australia
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Breuer E, Remond M, Lighton S, Passalaqua J, Galouzis J, Stewart KA, Sullivan E. The needs and experiences of mothers while in prison and post-release: a rapid review and thematic synthesis. HEALTH & JUSTICE 2021; 9:31. [PMID: 34773158 PMCID: PMC8590213 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-021-00153-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women in prison are a vulnerable group, often with a history of abuse, out-of-home care, mental health problems and unemployment. Many are mothers when they become involved in the criminal justice system and their gender and parenting related needs are often not considered. The aim of this rapid review was to thematically synthesize the existing research on the needs and experiences of mothers while in, and following release from, prison in Australia. METHODS We conducted a rapid systematic search of electronic databases, search engines, the websites of key agencies, and contacted key agencies and researchers. RESULTS Twenty-two publications from 12 studies met the inclusion criteria and were thematically synthesized in relation to the mothers, their children, family and community, and systems and services which mothers had contact with. We found that mothers in prison have a history of disadvantage which is perpetuated by the trauma of imprisonment. Release from prison is a particularly challenging time for mothers. In relation to their children, the included studies showed that the imprisonment of mothers impacts their maternal identity and role and disrupts the mother-child relationship. Specific strategies are needed to maintain the mother-child relationship, and to ensure the needs and rights of the child are met. In relation to family and community, we found that although family and social support is an important need of women in prison, such support may not be available. Moreover, the stigma associated with having been in prison is a significant barrier to transitions into the community, including finding employment and housing. In relation to systems and services, although limited services exist to support women in prison and on release, these often do not consider the parenting role. Evaluations of parenting programs in prison found them to be acceptable and beneficial to participants but barriers to access limit the number of women who can participate. CONCLUSION Mothers have gender- and parenting-specific needs which should be considered in planning for corrective services in Australia. Any service redesign must place the woman and her children at the centre of the service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Breuer
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Level 4 West, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1, Kookaburra Cct, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia.
| | - Marc Remond
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Level 4 West, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1, Kookaburra Cct, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | | | - Jane Passalaqua
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Level 4 West, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1, Kookaburra Cct, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Sullivan
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Level 4 West, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1, Kookaburra Cct, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
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Treacy S, Martin S, Samarutilake N, Van Bortel T. Patient and public involvement (PPI) in prisons: the involvement of people living in prison in the research process - a systematic scoping review. HEALTH & JUSTICE 2021; 9:30. [PMID: 34766211 PMCID: PMC8584641 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-021-00154-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) in health and social care research is increasingly prevalent and is promoted in policy as a means of improving the validity of research. This also applies to people living in prison and using social care services. Whilst evidence for the effectiveness of PPI was limited and reviews of its application in prisons were not found, the infancy of the evidence base and moral and ethical reasons for involvement mean that PPI continues to be advocated in the community and in prisons. OBJECTIVES To conduct a review of the literature regarding the involvement of people or persons living in prison (PLiP) in health and social care research focused on: (i) aims; (ii) types of involvement; (iii) evaluations and findings; (iv) barriers and solutions; and (v) feasibility of undertaking a systematic review. METHODS A systematic scoping review was undertaken following Arksey and O'Malley's (International Journal of Social Research Methodology 8: 19-32, 2005) five-stage framework. A comprehensive search was conducted involving ten electronic databases up until December 2020 using patient involvement and context related search terms. A review-specific spreadsheet was created following the PICO formula, and a narrative synthesis approach was taken to answer the research questions. PRISMA guidelines were followed in reporting. RESULTS 39 papers were selected for inclusion in the review. The majority of these took a 'participatory' approach to prisoner involvement, which occurred at most stages during the research process except for more 'higher' level research operations (funding applications and project management), and only one study was led by PLiPs. Few studies involved an evaluation of the involvement of PLiP, and this was mostly PLiP or researcher reflections without formal or independent analysis, and largely reported a positive impact. Barriers to the involvement of PLiP coalesced around power differences and prison bureaucracy. CONCLUSION Given the very high risk of bias arising from the available 'evaluations', it was not possible to derive firm conclusions about the effectiveness of PLiP involvement in the research process. In addition, given the state of the evidence base, it was felt that a systematic review would not be feasible until more evaluations were undertaken using a range of methodologies to develop the field further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Treacy
- Hilary Rodham Clinton School of Law, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- Cambridge Public Health, Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Steven Martin
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Nelum Samarutilake
- Cambridge Public Health, Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tine Van Bortel
- Cambridge Public Health, Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK.
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Erickson M, Shannon K, Ranville F, Pooyak S, Howard T, McBride B, Pick N, Martin RE, Krüsi A. "They look at you like you're contaminated": how HIV-related stigma shapes access to care for incarcerated women living with HIV in a Canadian setting. Canadian Journal of Public Health 2021; 113:282-292. [PMID: 34472049 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-021-00562-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Given the gender disparities in HIV outcomes for women living with HIV (WLWH) who experience incarceration, and the impact of HIV-related stigma on HIV care, this qualitative study investigated how HIV-related stigma within prison settings shapes HIV care for WLWH. METHODS Drawing from SHAWNA (Sexual Health and HIV/AIDS: Women's Longitudinal Needs Assessment), a community-based research project with cisgender and transgender WLWH in Metro Vancouver, peer and community interviewers conducted 19 qualitative interviews (May 2017-February 2018) with recently incarcerated WLWH focused on factors that shape incarceration trajectories. Drawing on socio-ecological frameworks and using participatory analysis, this analysis sought to characterize how HIV-related stigma shapes experiences and access to care for incarcerated WLWH. RESULTS Participants' responses focused predominately on experiences in provincial correctional facilities and the ways through which HIV-related stigma within correctional settings was linked to access to HIV care. Experiences of HIV-related stigma within prisons led to isolation and discrimination for WLWH which was reinforced through institutional processes, compromised privacy, and uncertainty about confidentiality. Experiences of HIV-related stigma informed decisions for some participants to withhold HIV status from healthcare staff, compromising access to HIV treatment during incarceration. CONCLUSION Amid ongoing efforts to improve healthcare delivery within Canadian correctional facilities, these findings have important implications for the provision of HIV care for incarcerated WLWH. Culturally safe, trauma-informed programming focused on reducing HIV-related stigma, improved communication regarding medical privacy, and interventions to change processes that compromise privacy is critical to improve healthcare access in correctional facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Erickson
- Centre for Gender and Sexual Health Equity, 1190 Hornby St, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 2K5, Canada
| | - Kate Shannon
- Centre for Gender and Sexual Health Equity, 1190 Hornby St, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 2K5, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Flo Ranville
- Centre for Gender and Sexual Health Equity, 1190 Hornby St, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 2K5, Canada
| | - Sherri Pooyak
- Canadian Aboriginal AIDS Network, SK, Fort Qu'Appelle, Canada
| | | | - Bronwyn McBride
- Centre for Gender and Sexual Health Equity, 1190 Hornby St, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 2K5, Canada
| | - Neora Pick
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Oak Tree Clinic, BC Women's Hospital and Health Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ruth Elwood Martin
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Andrea Krüsi
- Centre for Gender and Sexual Health Equity, 1190 Hornby St, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 2K5, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Markey K, Zhang Y. Demystifying, recognising and combating racism during the pandemic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 29:1266-1270. [PMID: 33242269 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2020.29.21.1266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The increased reports of escalation of social inequalities, xenophobic and racist ideologies during the COVID-19 pandemic presents a growing concern. Nurses are not immune to xenophobia and racism, both as perpetrators and as victims. Although COVID-19 brings a new wave of xenophobia and racism, healthcare organisations have been tackling discriminatory and racist practices for decades. However, racist practice quite often goes undetected or unchallenged due to its associated sensitivity and a lack of understanding of its complexity. There is a need for a more open and non-judgemental discourse around interpretations of racism and its predisposing factors as a means of combating the growing reports. This discussion paper proposes a practice-orientated conceptualisation of racism and outlines some particular and sustainable areas for consideration for nurses to use in their daily practice. Developing self-awareness and nurturing the courage, confidence and commitment to challenge self and others is critical for transforming ethnocentric and racist ideologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Markey
- Lecturer/Course Director for International Studies, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, Health Science Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Yu Zhang
- BSc student, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland
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