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Zhang L, Jiang X, Shi J, Zhang J, Shi X, Xie Z, Chen G, Zhang H, Mu Y, Chen J, Qi S, Liu P, Liu W. Isoastragaloside I attenuates cholestatic liver diseases by ameliorating liver injury, regulating bile acid metabolism and restoring intestinal barrier. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024:118649. [PMID: 39094754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cholestatic liver diseases (CLD) are liver disorders resulting from abnormal bile formation, secretion, and excretion from various causes. Due to the lack of suitable and safe medications, liver transplantation is the ultimate treatment for CLD patients. Isoastragaloside I (IAS I) is one of the main saponin found in Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao or Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge, which has been demonstrated to obviously alleviate CLD. Nevertheless, the IAS I's specific anti-CLD mechanism remains undecipherable. AIM OF THE STUDY This study's purpose was to elucidate the protective consequence of IAS I on 0.1% 3, 5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydroxychollidine (DDC) diet-induced CLD mice, and to reveal its potential mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, mice with CLD that had been fed a 0.1% DDC diet were distributed two doses of IAS I (20 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg). The effects of IAS I on CLD models were investigated by assessing blood biochemistry, liver histology, and Hyp concentrations. We investigated markers of liver fibrosis and ductular reaction using immunohistochemistry, western blot, and qRT-PCR. Liver inflammation indicators, arachidonic acid (ARA), and ω-3 fatty acid (FA) metabolites were also analyzed. Quantitative determination of 39 bile acids (BAs) in different organs employing UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap HRMS technology. Additionally, the H&E and western blot analysis were used to evaluate differences in intestinal barrier function in DDC-induced mice before and after administering IAS I. RESULTS After treatment with IAS I, serum biochemical indicators and liver hydroxyproline (Hyp) increased in a dose-dependent manner in CLD mice. The IAS I group showed significant improvement in indicators of liver fibrosis and ductular response, including as α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and cytokeratin 19 (CK19), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smads signaling pathway. And inflammatory factors: F4/80, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), ARA and ω-3 FA metabolites showed significant improvement following IAS I treatment. Moreover, IAS I significantly ameliorated liver tau-BAs levels, particularly TCA, THCA, THDCA, TCDCA, and TDCA contents, which were associated with enhanced expression of hepatic farnesoid X receptor (FXR), small heterodimer partner (SHP), cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (Cyp7a1), and bile-salt export pump (BSEP). Furthermore, IAS I significantly improved pathological changes and protein expression related to intestinal barrier function, including zonula occludens protein 1 (ZO-1), Muc2, and Occludin. CONCLUSIONS IAS I alleviated cholestatic liver injury, relieved inflammation, improved the altered tau-BAs metabolism and restored intestinal barrier function to protect against DDC-induced cholestatic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linzhang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicinme, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of pharmacy, The SATCM Third Grade Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparations, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaoyu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicinme, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiewen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicinme, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianwei Zhang
- Department of pharmacy, The SATCM Third Grade Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparations, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaoli Shi
- Department of pharmacy, The SATCM Third Grade Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparations, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhishen Xie
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 156 Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Gaofeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicinme, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicinme, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yongping Mu
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicinme, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiamei Chen
- Department of pharmacy, The SATCM Third Grade Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparations, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shenglan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicinme, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of pharmacy, The SATCM Third Grade Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparations, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Ping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicinme, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of pharmacy, The SATCM Third Grade Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparations, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicinme, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of pharmacy, The SATCM Third Grade Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparations, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Jin WM, Zhu Y, Cai ZQ, He N, Yu ZQ, Li S, Yang JY. Progress of Clinical Studies Targeting Claudin18.2 for the Treatment of Gastric Cancer. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:2631-2647. [PMID: 38769225 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-024-08435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Claudin18.2 is a tight junction protein, highly selective, generally expressed only in normal gastric mucosal epithelial cells, which can effectively maintain the polarity of epithelial and endothelial cells, thus effectively regulating the permeability and conductance of the paracellular pathway. Abnormal expression of Claudin18.2 can occur in various primary malignant tumors, especially gastrointestinal tumors, and even in metastatic foci. It regulates its expression by activating the aPKC/MAPK/AP-1 pathway, and therefore, the Claudin18.2 protein is a pan-cancer target expressed in primary and metastatic lesions in human cancer types. Zolbetuximab (IMAB362), an antibody specific for Claudin18.2, has been successfully tested in a phase III clinical trial, and the results of the study showed that combining Zolbetuximab with chemotherapy notably extends patients' survival and is expected to be a potential first-line treatment for patients with Claudin18.2(+)/HER-2(-) gastric cancer. Here, we systematically describe the biological properties and oncogenic effects of Claudin18.2, centering on its clinical-pathological aspects and the progress of drug studies in gastric cancer, which can help to further explore its clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Mei Jin
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Cai
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Na He
- Department of General, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiong Yu
- Department of Respiratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Yuan Yang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Saviano A, Roehlen N, Baumert TF. Tight Junction Proteins as Therapeutic Targets to Treat Liver Fibrosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Semin Liver Dis 2024; 44:180-190. [PMID: 38648796 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1785646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
In the last decade tight junction proteins exposed at the surface of liver or cancer cells have been uncovered as mediators of liver disease biology: Claudin-1 and Occludin are host factors for hepatitis C virus entry and Claudin-1 has been identified as a driver for liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Moreover, Claudins have emerged as therapeutic targets for liver disease and HCC. CLDN1 expression is upregulated in liver fibrosis and HCC. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting Claudin-1 have completed preclinical proof-of-concept studies for treatment of liver fibrosis and HCC and are currently in clinical development for advanced liver fibrosis. Claudin-6 overexpression is associated with an HCC aggressive phenotype and treatment resistance. Claudin-6 mAbs or chimeric antigen receptor-T cells therapies are currently being clinically investigated for Claudin-6 overexpressing tumors. In conclusion, targeting Claudin proteins offers a novel clinical opportunity for the treatment of patients with advanced liver fibrosis and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Saviano
- Inserm, U1110, Institute of Translational Medicine and Liver Disease, Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Service d'hépato-gastroentérologie, Pôle Hépato-digestif, Institut-Hospitalo-Universitaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Natascha Roehlen
- Department of Medicine II, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Berta-Ottenstein-Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas F Baumert
- Inserm, U1110, Institute of Translational Medicine and Liver Disease, Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Service d'hépato-gastroentérologie, Pôle Hépato-digestif, Institut-Hospitalo-Universitaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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Hana C, Thaw Dar NN, Galo Venegas M, Vulfovich M. Claudins in Cancer: A Current and Future Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4634. [PMID: 38731853 PMCID: PMC11083183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Claudins are a family of 27 proteins that have an important role in the formation of tight junctions. They also have an important function in ion exchange, cell mobility, and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, the latter being very important in cancer invasion and metastasis. Therapeutic targeting of claudins has been investigated to improve cancer outcomes. Recent evidence shows improved outcomes when combining monoclonal antibodies against claudin 18.2 with chemotherapy for patients with gastroesophageal junction cancer. Currently, chimeric antigen receptor T-cells targeting claudin 18 are under investigation. In this review, we will discuss the major functions of claudins, their distribution in the normal as well as cancerous tissues, and their effect in cancer metastasis, with a special focus on the therapeutic targeting of claudins to improve cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Hana
- Hematology/Oncology Department, Memorial Healthcare System, Pembroke Pines, FL 33028, USA; (N.N.T.D.); (M.G.V.)
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Cho SJ, Jeong BY, Yoon SH, Park CG, Lee HY. Rab25 suppresses colon cancer cell invasion through upregulating claudin‑7 expression. Oncol Rep 2024; 51:26. [PMID: 38131227 PMCID: PMC10777460 DOI: 10.3892/or.2023.8685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ras‑related protein 25 (Rab25) is a member of small GTPase and is implicated in cancer cell progression of various types of cancer. Growing evidence suggests the context‑dependent role of Rab25 in cancer invasiveness. Claudin‑7 is a tight junction protein and has been known to suppress cancer cell invasion. Although Rab25 was reported to repress cancer aggressiveness through recycling β1 integrin to the plasma membrane, the detailed underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. The present study identified the critical role of claudin‑7 in Rab25‑induced suppression of colon cancer invasion. 3D Matrigel system and modified Boyden chamber analysis showed that enforced expression of Rab25 attenuated colon cancer cell invasion. In addition, Rab25 inactivated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and increased E‑cadherin expression. Unexpectedly, it was observed that Rab25 induces claudin‑7 expression through protein stabilization. In addition, ectopic claudin‑7 expression reduced EGFR activity and Snail expression as well as colon cancer cell invasion. However, silencing of claudin‑7 expression reversed the tumor suppressive role of Rab25, thereby increasing colon cancer cell invasiveness. Collectively, the present data indicated that Rab25 inactivates EGFR and colon cancer cell invasion by upregulating claudin‑7 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Young Jeong
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Se-Hee Yoon
- Division of Nephrology and Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35364, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Gyo Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoi Young Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
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Łukaszewicz-Zając M, Mroczko B. Claudins-Promising Biomarkers for Selected Gastrointestinal (GI) Malignancies? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:152. [PMID: 38201579 PMCID: PMC10778544 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite recent() improvements in diagnostic ability() and treatment() strategies for patients() with neoplastic disease(), gastrointestinal (GI) cancers(), such() as colorectal, gastric, pancreatic, and oesophageal cancers(), are still common() malignancies and the leading() cause() of cancer() deaths worldwide(), with a high frequency of recurrence and metastasis as well as poor patient() prognosis. There is a link() between the secretion of proteolytic enzymes that degrade the extracellular matrix and the pathogenesis of GI tumours. Recent() findings have focused() on the potential() significance() of selected claudins (CLDNs) in the pathogenesis and prognosis of GI cancers(). Tight junctions (TJs) have been proven to play an important role() in maintaining cell() polarity and permeability. A number of authors have recently() revealed that TJ proteins, particularly() selected CLDNs, are related() to inflammation and the development() of various tumours, including GI malignancies. This review() presents general() characteristics and the involvement() of selected CLDNs in the progression() of GI malignancies, with a focus() on the potential() application() of these proteins in the diagnosis() and prognosis of colorectal cancer() (CRC), gastric cancer() (GC), pancreatic cancer() (PC), and oesophageal cancer() (EC). Our review() indicates that selected CLDNs, particularly() CLDN1, 2, 4, 7, and 18, play a significant() role() in the development() of GI tumours and in patient() prognosis. Furthermore, selected CLDNs may be of value() in the design() of therapeutic() strategies for the treatment() of recurrent tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Łukaszewicz-Zając
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University, Waszyngtona 15 a, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University, Waszyngtona 15 a, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland;
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
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Tao D, Guan B, Li H, Zhou C. Expression patterns of claudins in cancer. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21338. [PMID: 37954388 PMCID: PMC10637965 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Claudins are four-transmembrane proteins, which were found in tight junctions. They maintain cell barriers and regulate cell differentiation and proliferation. They are involved in maintaining cellular polarity and normal functions. Different claudins show different expression patterns. The expression level and localization of claudins are altered in various cancers. They promote or inhibit proliferation, invasion, and migration of cancer cells through multiple signaling pathways. Therefore, claudins may serve as diagnostic markers, novel therapeutic targets, and prognostic risk factors. The important roles of claudins in cancer aroused our great interest. In the present review, we provide a summary of insights into expression patterns of claudins in cancer, which is more comprehensive and provides new ideas for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyu Tao
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Bingxin Guan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Chengjun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
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Easley KF, Edenfield RC, Lott MEJ, Reed RC, Das Sarma J, Mehta AJ, Staitieh BS, Lipp EK, Cho IK, Johnson SK, Jones CA, Bebin-Blackwell AG, Levy JM, Tompkins SM, Easley CA, Koval M. Chronic alcohol use primes bronchial cells for altered inflammatory response and barrier dysfunction during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 325:L647-L661. [PMID: 37786945 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00381.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a significant public health concern and people with AUD are more likely to develop severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in response to respiratory infections. To examine whether AUD was a risk factor for more severe outcome in response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, we examined early responses to infection using cultured differentiated bronchial epithelial cells derived from brushings obtained from people with AUD or without AUD. RNA-seq analysis of uninfected cells determined that AUD cells were enriched for expression of epidermal genes as compared with non-AUD cells. Bronchial epithelial cells from patients with AUD showed a significant decrease in barrier function 72 h postinfection, as determined by transepithelial electrical resistance. In contrast, barrier function of non-AUD cells was enhanced 72 h after SARS-CoV-2 infection. AUD cells showed claudin-7 that did not colocalize with zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), indicative of disorganized tight junctions. However, both AUD and non-AUD cells showed decreased β-catenin expression following SARS-CoV-2 infection. To determine the impact of AUD on the inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, cytokine secretion was measured by multiplex analysis. SARS-CoV-2-infected AUD bronchial cells had enhanced secretion of multiple proinflammatory cytokines including TNFα, IL-1β, and IFNγ as opposed to non-AUD cells. In contrast, secretion of the barrier-protective cytokines epidermal growth factor (EGF) and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was enhanced for non-AUD bronchial cells. Taken together, these data support the hypothesis that AUD is a risk factor for COVID-19, where alcohol primes airway epithelial cells for increased inflammation and increased barrier dysfunction and increased inflammation in response to infection by SARS-CoV-2.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a significant risk factor for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. We found that AUD causes a phenotypic shift in gene expression in human bronchial epithelial cells, enhancing expression of epidermal genes. AUD cells infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had higher levels of proinflammatory cytokine secretion and barrier dysfunction not present in infected non-AUD cells, consistent with increased early COVID-19 severity due to AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen F Easley
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - R Clayton Edenfield
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States
| | - Megan E J Lott
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States
| | - Ryan C Reed
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Jayasri Das Sarma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Ashish J Mehta
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, United States
| | - Bashar S Staitieh
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Erin K Lipp
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States
| | - In Ki Cho
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States
| | - Scott K Johnson
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States
| | - Cheryl A Jones
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States
| | | | - Joshua M Levy
- Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - S Mark Tompkins
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States
| | - Charles A Easley
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States
| | - Michael Koval
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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Voutsadakis IA. Tight Junction Claudins and Occludin Are Differentially Regulated and Expressed in Genomically Defined Subsets of Colon Cancer. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8670-8686. [PMID: 37998722 PMCID: PMC10669963 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45110545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic colon cancer remains incurable despite improvements in survival outcomes. New therapies based on the discovery of colon cancer genomic subsets could improve outcomes. Colon cancers from genomic studies with publicly available data were examined to define the expression and regulation of the major tight junction proteins claudins and occludin in genomic groups. Putative regulations of the promoters of tight junction genes by colon-cancer-deregulated pathways were evaluated in silico. The effect of claudin mRNA expression levels on survival of colon cancer patients was examined. Common mutations in colon-cancer-related genes showed variable prevalence in genomically identified groups. Claudin genes were rarely mutated in colon cancer patients. Genomically identified groups of colon cancer displayed distinct regulation of claudins and occludin at the mRNA level. Claudin gene promoters possessed clustered sites of binding sequences for transcription factors TCF4 and SMADs, consistent with a key regulatory role of the WNT and TGFβ pathways in their expression. Although an effect of claudin mRNA expression on survival of colon cancer patients as a whole was not prominent, survival of genomic subsets was significantly influenced by claudin mRNA expression. mRNA expression of the main tight junction genes showed differential regulation in various genomically defined subgroups of colon cancer. These data pinpoint a distinct role of claudins and pathways that regulate them in these subgroups and suggest that subgroups of colon cancer should be considered in future efforts to therapeutically target claudins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis A. Voutsadakis
- Algoma District Cancer Program, Sault Area Hospital, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6B 0A8, Canada; or
- Division of Clinical Sciences, Section of Internal Medicine, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
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Pan C, Xu A, Ma X, Yao Y, Zhao Y, Wang C, Chen C. Research progress of Claudin-low breast cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1226118. [PMID: 37904877 PMCID: PMC10613467 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1226118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Claudin-low breast cancer (CLBC) is a subgroup of breast cancer discovered at the molecular level in 2007. Claudin is one of the primary proteins that make up tight junctions, and it plays crucial roles in anti-inflammatory and antitumor responses as well as the maintenance of water and electrolyte balance. Decreased expression of claudin results in the disruption of tight junction structures and the activation of downstream signaling pathways, which can lead to tumor formation. The origin of Claudin-low breast cancer is still in dispute. Claudin-low breast cancer is characterized by low expression of Claudin3, 4, 7, E-cadherin, and HER2 and high expression of Vimentin, Snai 1/2, Twist 1/2, Zeb 1/2, and ALDH1, as well as stem cell characteristics. The clinical onset of claudin-low breast cancer is at menopause age, and its histological grade is higher. This subtype of breast cancer is more likely to spread to lymph nodes than other subtypes. Claudin-low breast cancer is frequently accompanied by increased invasiveness and a poor prognosis. According to a clinical retrospective analysis, claudin-low breast cancer can achieve low pathological complete remission. At present, although several therapeutic targets of claudin-low breast cancer have been identified, the effective treatment remains in basic research stages, and no animal studies or clinical trials have been designed. The origin, molecular biological characteristics, pathological characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of CLBC are extensively discussed in this article. This will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of CLBC and serve as the foundation for the individualization of breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Pan
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Anqi Xu
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Department of Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoling Ma
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanfei Yao
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Youmei Zhao
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Academy of Biomedical Engineering, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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11
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Naser AN, Lu Q, Chen YH. Trans-Compartmental Regulation of Tight Junction Barrier Function. Tissue Barriers 2023; 11:2133880. [PMID: 36220768 PMCID: PMC10606786 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2022.2133880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) are the most apical components of junctional complexes in epithelial and endothelial cells. Barrier function is one of the major functions of TJ, which restricts the ions and small water-soluble molecules from passing through the paracellular pathway. Adherens junctions (AJs) play an important role in cell-cell adhesion and cell signaling. Gap junctions (GJs) are intercellular channels regulating electrical and metabolic signals between cells. It is well known that TJ integral membrane proteins, such as claudins and occludins, are the molecular building blocks responsible for TJ barrier function. However, recent studies demonstrate that proteins of other junctional complexes can influence and regulate TJ barrier function. Therefore, the crosstalk between different cell junctions represents a common means to modulate cellular activities. In this review, we will discuss the interactions among TJ, AJ, and GJ by focusing on how AJ and GJ proteins regulate TJ barrier function in different biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna N. Naser
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Qun Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yan-Hua Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
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12
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Fujiwara-Tani R, Mori S, Ogata R, Sasaki R, Ikemoto A, Kishi S, Kondoh M, Kuniyasu H. Claudin-4: A New Molecular Target for Epithelial Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5494. [PMID: 36982569 PMCID: PMC10051602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Claudin-4 (CLDN4) is a key component of tight junctions (TJs) in epithelial cells. CLDN4 is overexpressed in many epithelial malignancies and correlates with cancer progression. Changes in CLDN4 expression have been associated with epigenetic factors (such as hypomethylation of promoter DNA), inflammation associated with infection and cytokines, and growth factor signaling. CLDN4 helps to maintain the tumor microenvironment by forming TJs and acts as a barrier to the entry of anticancer drugs into tumors. Decreased expression of CLDN4 is a potential marker of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and decreased epithelial differentiation due to reduced CLDN4 activity is involved in EMT induction. Non-TJ CLDN4 also activates integrin beta 1 and YAP to promote proliferation, EMT, and stemness. These roles in cancer have led to investigations of molecular therapies targeting CLDN4 using anti-CLDN4 extracellular domain antibodies, gene knockdown, clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE), and C-terminus domain of CPE (C-CPE), which have demonstrated the experimental efficacy of this approach. CLDN4 is strongly involved in promoting malignant phenotypes in many epithelial cancers and is regarded as a promising molecular therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Fujiwara-Tani
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan; (S.M.); (R.O.); (R.S.); (A.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Shiori Mori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan; (S.M.); (R.O.); (R.S.); (A.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Ruiko Ogata
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan; (S.M.); (R.O.); (R.S.); (A.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Rika Sasaki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan; (S.M.); (R.O.); (R.S.); (A.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Ayaka Ikemoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan; (S.M.); (R.O.); (R.S.); (A.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Shingo Kishi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan; (S.M.); (R.O.); (R.S.); (A.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Masuo Kondoh
- Drug Innovation Center, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 6-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan;
| | - Hiroki Kuniyasu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan; (S.M.); (R.O.); (R.S.); (A.I.); (S.K.)
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13
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Stoeckelhuber M, Grill FD, Wolff KD, Kesting MR, Wolff CT, Fichter AM, Loeffelbein DJ, Schmitz C, Ritschl LM. Infantile human labial glands: Distribution of aquaporins and claudins in the context of paracellular and transcellular pathways. Tissue Cell 2023; 82:102052. [PMID: 36905859 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Human labial glands consist of saliva-secreting cells which are formed by serous and predominantly mucous glandular cells. The following excretory duct system converts the isotonic saliva into a hypotonic fluid. Liquids are transported across the membrane of epithelial cells by paracellular or transcellular mode of action. We studied aquaporins (AQP) and tight junction proteins in the endpieces and duct system of human labial glands of 3-5-month-old infants for the first time. AQP1, AQP3, and AQP5 represent the transcellular transport; tight junction proteins like claudin-1, - 3, - 4, and - 7 regulate the permeability of the paracellular pathway. Specimens of 28 infants were included in this study and analyzed histologically. AQP1 was present in myoepithelial cells and in endothelial cells of small blood vessels. AQP3 showed basolateral plasmamembrane localization in glandular endpieces. AQP5 was localized at the apical cytomembrane in serous and mucous glandular cells and at the lateral membrane in serous cells. Ducts remained unstained with the antibody to AQP1, AQP3, and AQP5. Claudin-1, - 3, - 4, and - 7 were expressed mainly in the lateral plasmamembrane of serous glandular cells. In the ducts, claudin-1, - 4, and - 7 were detected at the basal cell layer, claudin-7 also at the lateral cytomembrane. Our findings provide new insights into the localization of epithelial barrier components necessary for regulating saliva-modification in infantile labial glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mechthild Stoeckelhuber
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Florian D Grill
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus-Dietrich Wolff
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marco R Kesting
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Constantin T Wolff
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas M Fichter
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Denys J Loeffelbein
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Helios Hospital Munich West, Teaching Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Schmitz
- Department of Anatomy II, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lucas M Ritschl
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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14
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Lu F, Leach LL, Gross JM. A CRISPR-Cas9-mediated F0 screen to identify pro-regenerative genes in the zebrafish retinal pigment epithelium. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3142. [PMID: 36823429 PMCID: PMC9950062 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29046-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular diseases resulting in death of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) lead to vision loss and blindness. There are currently no FDA-approved strategies to restore damaged RPE cells. Stimulating intrinsic regenerative responses within damaged tissues has gained traction as a possible mechanism for tissue repair. Zebrafish possess remarkable regenerative abilities, including within the RPE; however, our understanding of the underlying mechanisms remains limited. Here, we conducted an F0 in vivo CRISPR-Cas9-mediated screen of 27 candidate RPE regeneration genes. The screen involved injection of a ribonucleoprotein complex containing three highly mutagenic guide RNAs per target gene followed by PCR-based genotyping to identify large intragenic deletions and MATLAB-based automated quantification of RPE regeneration. Through this F0 screening pipeline, eight positive and seven negative regulators of RPE regeneration were identified. Further characterization of one candidate, cldn7b, revealed novel roles in regulating macrophage/microglia infiltration after RPE injury and in clearing RPE/pigment debris during late-phase RPE regeneration. Taken together, these data support the utility of targeted F0 screens for validating pro-regenerative factors and reveal novel factors that could regulate regenerative responses within the zebrafish RPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Lu
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA ,grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Lyndsay L. Leach
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA ,grid.89336.370000 0004 1936 9924Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Gross
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA ,grid.89336.370000 0004 1936 9924Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
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15
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Androgen receptor variant 7 exacerbates hepatocarcinogenesis in a c-MYC-driven mouse HCC model. Oncogenesis 2023; 12:4. [PMID: 36746917 PMCID: PMC9902460 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-023-00449-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen receptor variant 7 (AR-V7), an AR isoform with a truncated ligand-binding domain, functions as a transcription factor in an androgen-independent manner. AR-V7 is expressed in a subpopulation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, its role(s) in this cancer is undefined. In this study, we investigated the potential roles of AR-V7 in hepatocarcinogenesis in vivo in a c-MYC-driven mouse HCC model generated by the hydrodynamic tail-vein injection system. The impacts of AR-V7 on gene expression in mouse HCC were elucidated by RNA-seq transcriptome and ontology analyses. The results showed that AR-V7 significantly exacerbated the c-MYC-mediated oncogenesis in the livers of both sexes. The transcriptome and bioinformatics analyses revealed that AR-V7 and c-MYC synergistically altered the gene sets involved in various cancer-related biological processes, particularly in lipid and steroid/sterol metabolisms. Importantly, AR-V7 suppressed a tumor suppressor Claudin 7 expression, upregulated by c-MYC overexpression via the p53 signaling pathway. Claudin 7 overexpression significantly suppressed the c-MYC-driven HCC development under p53-deficient conditions. Our results suggest that the AR-V7 exacerbates the c-MYC-driven hepatocarcinogenesis by potentiating the oncogenic roles and minimizing the anti-oncogenic functions of c-MYC. Since AR-V7 is expressed in a subpopulation of HCC cases, it could contribute to the inter- and intra-heterogeneity of HCC.
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16
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Wang C, Wu N, Pei B, Ma X, Yang W. Claudin and pancreatic cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1136227. [PMID: 36959784 PMCID: PMC10027734 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1136227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the lack of timely and accurate screening modalities and treatments, most pancreatic cancer (PCa) patients undergo fatal PCa progression within a short period since diagnosis. The claudin(CLDN) family is expressed specifically as tight junction structure in a variety of tumors, including PCa, and affects tumor progression by changing the cell junctions. Thus far, many of the 27 members of the claudin family, including claudin-18.2 and claudin-4, have significantly aberrantly expression in pancreatic tumors. In addition, some studies have confirmed the role of some claudin proteins in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic tumors. By targeting different targets of claudin protein and combining chemotherapy, further enhance tumor cell necrosis and inhibit tumor invasion and metastasis. Claudins can either promote or inhibit the development of pancreatic cancer, which indicates that the diagnosis and treatment of different kinds of claudins require to consider different biological characteristics. This literature summarizes the functional characteristics and clinical applications of various claudin proteins in Pca cells, with a focus on claudin-18.2 and claudin-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/ Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Na Wu
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Beibei Pei
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wenhui Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/ Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Wenhui Yang,
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17
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Naser AN, Lu Q, Chen YH. Three-Dimensional Culture of Murine Colonic Crypts to Study Intestinal Stem Cell Function Ex Vivo. J Vis Exp 2022:10.3791/64534. [PMID: 36314830 PMCID: PMC10460493 DOI: 10.3791/64534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium regenerates every 5-7 days, and is controlled by the intestinal epithelial stem cell (IESC) population located at the bottom of the crypt region. IESCs include active stem cells, which self-renew and differentiate into various epithelial cell types, and quiescent stem cells, which serve as the reserve stem cells in the case of injury. Regeneration of the intestinal epithelium is controlled by the self-renewing and differentiating capabilities of these active IESCs. In addition, the balance of the crypt stem cell population and maintenance of the stem cell niche are essential for intestinal regeneration. Organoid culture is an important and attractive approach to studying proteins, signaling molecules, and environmental cues that regulate stem cell survival and functions. This model is less expensive, less time-consuming, and more manipulatable than animal models. Organoids also mimic the tissue microenvironment, providing in vivo relevance. The present protocol describes the isolation of colonic crypts, embedding these isolated crypt cells into a three-dimensional gel matrix system and culturing crypt cells to form colonic organoids capable of self-organization, proliferation, self-renewal, and differentiation. This model allows one to manipulate the environment-knocking out specific proteins such as claudin-7, activating/deactivating signaling pathways, etc.-to study how these effects influence the functioning of colonic stem cells. Specifically, the role of tight junction protein claudin-7 in colonic stem cell function was examined. Claudin-7 is vital for maintaining intestinal homeostasis and barrier function and integrity. Knockout of claudin-7 in mice induces an inflammatory bowel disease-like phenotype exhibiting intestinal inflammation, epithelial hyperplasia, weight loss, mucosal ulcerations, epithelial cell sloughing, and adenomas. Previously, it was reported that claudin-7 is required for intestinal epithelial stem cell functions in the small intestine. In this protocol, a colonic organoid culture system is established to study the role of claudin-7 in the large intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna N Naser
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University;
| | - Qun Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University
| | - Yan-Hua Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University
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18
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Naser AN, Guiler W, Lu Q, Chen Y. Nanoarchitecture and molecular interactions of epithelial cell junction proteins revealed by super-resolution microscopy. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1516:175-187. [PMID: 35819053 PMCID: PMC9588527 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial cells are polarized with defined apical tight junctions (TJs), lateral adherens junctions (AJs), and basal integrin-matrix interactions. However, it is increasingly recognized that resident cell junction proteins can be found in varying locations and with previously unrecognized functions. Our study here presents the nanoarchitecture and nanocolocalization of cell junction proteins in culture and tissue by stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM). The Z-axial view of noncancerous MDCK-II and PZ-HPV-7 cell-cell junctions resolved β-catenin and p120ctn localizations to TJs and AJs, with p120ctn apical to β-catenin and colocalizing with TJ protein claudin-7. More basally, p120ctn and β-catenin become colocalized. This topography was lost in isogenic Ras-transformed MDCK cells and cancerous PC3 cells, where p120ctn becomes basally localized in relation to β-catenin. Claudin-7 gene conditional knockout (cKO) in mice also have altered polarity of p120ctn relative to β-catenin, like that seen in normal-to-cancer cell phenotypic transformation. Additionally, claudin-7 cKO resulted in redistribution and relocalization of other cell junction proteins, including claudin-1, zonula occludens-1, integrin α2, epithelial cell adhesion molecule, and focal adhesion kinase (FAK); specifically, integrin α2 and FAK were observed at the apical-lateral compartment. Our data show that STORM reveals regional cellular junction nanoarchitecture previously uncharacterized, providing new insight into potential trans-compartmental modulation of protein functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna N. Naser
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of MedicineEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - William Guiler
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of MedicineEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Qun Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of MedicineEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Yan‐Hua Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of MedicineEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
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19
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Maesaka F, Kuwada M, Horii S, Kishi S, Fujiwara-Tani R, Mori S, Fujii K, Mori T, Ohmori H, Owari T, Miyake M, Nakai Y, Tanaka N, Bhawal UK, Luo Y, Kondoh M, Fujimoto K, Kuniyasu H. Hypomethylation of CLDN4 Gene Promoter Is Associated with Malignant Phenotype in Urinary Bladder Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126516. [PMID: 35742959 PMCID: PMC9224287 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The tight junction (TJ) protein claudin-4 (CLDN4) is overexpressed in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC) and correlates with cancer progression. However, the mechanism of CLDN4 upregulation and promotion of malignant phenotype is not clear. Here, we analyzed 157 cases of BUC and investigated the hypomethylation of CpG island in the CLDN4 promoter DNA and its correlation with cancer progression. In hypomethylated cases, CLDN4 expression, cell proliferation, stemness, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition were increased. Treatment of three human BUC cell lines with the demethylating agent aza-2′-deoxycytidine (AZA) led to excessive CLDN4 expression, and, specifically, to an increase in CLDN4 monomer that is not integrated into the TJ. The TJ-unintegrated CLDN4 was found to bind integrin β1 and increase stemness, drug resistance, and metastatic ability of the cells as well as show an anti-apoptosis effect likely via FAK phosphorylation, which reduces upon knockdown of CLDN4. Thus, CLDN4 is overexpressed in BUC by an epigenetic mechanism and the high expression enhances the malignant phenotype of BUC via increased levels of TJ-unintegrated CLDN4. CLDN4 promoter DNA methylation is expected to be a novel indicator of BUC malignant phenotype and a new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumisato Maesaka
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (F.M.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (S.K.); (R.F.-T.); (S.M.); (K.F.); (T.M.); (H.O.); (U.K.B.)
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan; (T.O.); (M.M.); (Y.N.); (N.T.); (K.F.)
| | - Masaomi Kuwada
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (F.M.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (S.K.); (R.F.-T.); (S.M.); (K.F.); (T.M.); (H.O.); (U.K.B.)
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan; (T.O.); (M.M.); (Y.N.); (N.T.); (K.F.)
| | - Shohei Horii
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (F.M.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (S.K.); (R.F.-T.); (S.M.); (K.F.); (T.M.); (H.O.); (U.K.B.)
| | - Shingo Kishi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (F.M.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (S.K.); (R.F.-T.); (S.M.); (K.F.); (T.M.); (H.O.); (U.K.B.)
| | - Rina Fujiwara-Tani
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (F.M.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (S.K.); (R.F.-T.); (S.M.); (K.F.); (T.M.); (H.O.); (U.K.B.)
| | - Shiori Mori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (F.M.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (S.K.); (R.F.-T.); (S.M.); (K.F.); (T.M.); (H.O.); (U.K.B.)
| | - Kiyomu Fujii
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (F.M.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (S.K.); (R.F.-T.); (S.M.); (K.F.); (T.M.); (H.O.); (U.K.B.)
| | - Takuya Mori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (F.M.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (S.K.); (R.F.-T.); (S.M.); (K.F.); (T.M.); (H.O.); (U.K.B.)
| | - Hitoshi Ohmori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (F.M.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (S.K.); (R.F.-T.); (S.M.); (K.F.); (T.M.); (H.O.); (U.K.B.)
| | - Takuya Owari
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan; (T.O.); (M.M.); (Y.N.); (N.T.); (K.F.)
| | - Makito Miyake
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan; (T.O.); (M.M.); (Y.N.); (N.T.); (K.F.)
| | - Yasushi Nakai
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan; (T.O.); (M.M.); (Y.N.); (N.T.); (K.F.)
| | - Nobumichi Tanaka
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan; (T.O.); (M.M.); (Y.N.); (N.T.); (K.F.)
| | - Ujjal Kumar Bhawal
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (F.M.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (S.K.); (R.F.-T.); (S.M.); (K.F.); (T.M.); (H.O.); (U.K.B.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Yi Luo
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China;
| | - Masuo Kondoh
- Drug Innovation Center, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 6-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Kiyohide Fujimoto
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan; (T.O.); (M.M.); (Y.N.); (N.T.); (K.F.)
| | - Hiroki Kuniyasu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (F.M.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (S.K.); (R.F.-T.); (S.M.); (K.F.); (T.M.); (H.O.); (U.K.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-744-22-3051; Fax: +81-744-25-7308
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20
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Li J. Targeting claudins in cancer: diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:3406-3424. [PMID: 34354852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has linked claudins to signal transduction and tumorigenesis. The expression of claudins is frequently dysregulated in the context of neoplastic transformation, suggesting their promise as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis or targets for treatment. Claudin binders (Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin and monoclonal antibody) have been tested in preclinical experiments, and some of them have progressed into clinical trials involving patients with certain cancers. However, the clinical development of many of these agents has not advanced to clinical applications. Herein, I review the current status of preclinical and clinical investigations of agents targeting claudins for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. I also discuss the potential of combining claudin binders with other currently approved therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center Mianyang 621000, Sichuan, China
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21
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Li J. Context-Dependent Roles of Claudins in Tumorigenesis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:676781. [PMID: 34354941 PMCID: PMC8329526 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.676781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The barrier and fence functions of the claudin protein family are fundamental to tissue integrity and human health. Increasing evidence has linked claudins to signal transduction and tumorigenesis. The expression of claudins is frequently dysregulated in the context of neoplastic transformation. Studies have uncovered that claudins engage in nearly all aspects of tumor biology and steps of tumor development, suggesting their promise as targets for treatment or biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. However, claudins can be either tumor promoters or tumor suppressors depending on the context, which emphasizes the importance of taking various factors, including organ type, environmental context and genetic confounders, into account when studying the biological functions and targeting of claudins in cancer. This review discusses the complicated roles and intrinsic and extrinsic determinants of the context-specific effects of claudins in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, China
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22
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Abstract
Claudins are adhesion molecules located at the tight junctions between epithelial cells. A series of studies have now reported aberrant expression of claudin proteins in the context of neoplastic transformation, suggesting its role in tumorigenesis. However, the precise mechanisms are still not well understood. Studies on expression alterations of claudins have revealed a range of outcomes that reflect the complexity of claudins in terms of spatial localization, tumor type and stage of disease. The diverse and dynamic expression patterns of claudins in cancer are tightly controlled by a wide range of regulatory mechanisms, which are commonly modulated by oncogenic signaling pathways. The present review summarizes the recent knowledge describing the dysregulation of claudin expression in cancer and discusses the intrinsic and extrinsic determinants of the context-specific expression patterns of claudins.
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23
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Li B, Lee C, Chuslip S, Lee D, Biouss G, Wu R, Koike Y, Miyake H, Ip W, Gonska T, Pierro A. Intestinal epithelial tight junctions and permeability can be rescued through the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress by amniotic fluid stem cells during necrotizing enterocolitis. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21265. [PMID: 33373067 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001426r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most severe gastrointestinal diseases affecting premature infants. It has been shown that NEC is associated with disrupted intestinal barrier and dysregulated endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress response. It has also been shown that stem cells derived from amniotic fluid (AFSC) rescued intestinal injury in experimental NEC. Herein, we hypothesized that the beneficial effects of AFSC in the injured intestine are due to the restoration of intestinal barrier function. We evaluated intestinal barrier function using an ex vivo intestinal organoid model of NEC. We found that AFSC restored the expression and localization of tight junction proteins in intestinal organoids, and subsequently decreased epithelial permeability. AFSC rescued tight junction expression by inducing a protective ER stress response that prevents epithelial cell apoptosis in injured intestinal organoids. Finally, we validated these results in our experimental mouse model of NEC and confirmed that AFSC induced sustained ER stress and prevented intestinal apoptosis. This response led to the restoration of tight junction expression and localization, which subsequently reduced intestinal permeability in NEC pups. These findings confirm that intestinal barrier function is disrupted during NEC intestinal injury, and further demonstrate the disruption can be reversed by the administration of AFSC through the activation of the ER stress pathway. This study provides insight into the pathogenesis of NEC and highlights potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carol Lee
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sinobol Chuslip
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dorothy Lee
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - George Biouss
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Richard Wu
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yuhki Koike
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hiromu Miyake
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wan Ip
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tanja Gonska
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Agostino Pierro
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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24
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Xiang Y, Zou X, Shi H, Xu X, Wu C, Zhong W, Wang J, Zhou W, Zeng X, He M, Wang Y, Huang L, Wang X. Elastic Net Models Based on DNA Copy Number Variations Predicts Clinical Features, Expression Signatures, and Mutations in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Genet 2021; 12:668040. [PMID: 34135942 PMCID: PMC8202527 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.668040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the precision medicine of lung adenocarcinoma, the identification and prediction of tumor phenotypes for specific biomolecular events are still not studied in depth. Various earlier researches sheds light on the close correlation between genetic expression signatures and DNA copy number variations (CNVs), for which analysis of CNVs provides valuable information about molecular and phenotypic changes in tumorigenesis. In this study, we propose a comprehensive analysis combining genome-wide association analysis and an Elastic Net Regression predictive model, focus on predicting the levels of many gene expression signatures in lung adenocarcinoma, based upon DNA copy number features alone. Additionally, we predicted many other key phenotypes, including clinical features (pathological stage), gene mutations, and protein expressions. These Elastic Net prediction methods can also be applied to other gene sets, thereby facilitating their use as biomarkers in monitoring therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaohuan Zou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Huaqiu Shi
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xueming Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Caixia Wu
- First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Wenting Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Zeng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Miao He
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiangcai Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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25
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Zhao X, Zeng H, Lei L, Tong X, Yang L, Yang Y, Li S, Zhou Y, Luo L, Huang J, Xiao R, Chen J, Zeng Q. Tight junctions and their regulation by non-coding RNAs. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:712-727. [PMID: 33767583 PMCID: PMC7975691 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.45885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight junction (TJ) is a “zippering up” junction structure located at the uppermost portion of adjacent epithelial/endothelial cells in organs and tissues. TJs maintain the relative stability of intracellular substances and functions by closing or opening intercellular pathways, coordinating the entry and exit of molecules of different sizes and charges, and regulating the permeability of paracellular barrier. TJs also prevent microbial invasion, maintain epithelial/endothelial cell polarity, and regulate cell proliferation. TJs are widely present in the skin and mucosal epithelial barriers, intestinal epithelial barrier, glomerular filtration barrier, bladder epithelial barrier, blood-brain barrier, brain-blood tumor barrier, and blood-testis barrier. TJ dysfunction in different organs can lead to a variety of diseases. In addition to signal pathways, transcription factors, DNA methylation, histone modification, TJ proteins can also be regulated by a variety of non-coding RNAs, such as micro-RNAs, long-noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs, directly or indirectly. This review summarizes the structure of TJs and introduces the functions and regulatory mechanisms of TJs in different organs and tissues. The roles and mechanisms of non-coding RNAs in the regulation of TJs are also highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Hongliang Zeng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Yuehua Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Li Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoliang Tong
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Lun Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Si Li
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Liping Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jinhua Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renminzhong Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China.,Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Yuehua Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China.,Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renminzhong Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Qinghai Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China.,Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Yuehua Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China.,Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renminzhong Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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26
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Schilpp C, Lochbaum R, Braubach P, Jonigk D, Frick M, Dietl P, Wittekindt OH. TGF-β1 increases permeability of ciliated airway epithelia via redistribution of claudin 3 from tight junction into cell nuclei. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:287-311. [PMID: 33386991 PMCID: PMC7835204 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02501-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
TGF-β1 is a major mediator of airway tissue remodelling during atopic asthma and affects tight junctions (TJs) of airway epithelia. However, its impact on TJs of ciliated epithelia is sparsely investigated. Herein we elaborated effects of TGF-β1 on TJs of primary human bronchial epithelial cells. We demonstrate that TGF-β1 activates TGF-β1 receptors TGFBR1 and TGFBR2 resulting in ALK5-mediated phosphorylation of SMAD2. We observed that TGFBR1 and -R2 localize specifically on motile cilia. TGF-β1 activated accumulation of phosphorylated SMAD2 (pSMAD2-C) at centrioles of motile cilia and at cell nuclei. This triggered an increase in paracellular permeability via cellular redistribution of claudin 3 (CLDN3) from TJs into cell nuclei followed by disruption of epithelial integrity and formation of epithelial lesions. Only ciliated cells express TGF-β1 receptors; however, nuclear accumulations of pSMAD2-C and CLDN3 redistribution were observed with similar time course in ciliated and non-ciliated cells. In summary, we demonstrate a role of motile cilia in TGF-β1 sensing and showed that TGF-β1 disturbs TJ permeability of conductive airway epithelia by redistributing CLDN3 from TJs into cell nuclei. We conclude that the observed effects contribute to loss of epithelial integrity during atopic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Schilpp
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Robin Lochbaum
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Braubach
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Manfred Frick
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Paul Dietl
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Oliver H Wittekindt
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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27
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Kim SR, Shin K, Park JM, Lee HH, Song KY, Lee SH, Kim B, Kim SY, Seo J, Kim JO, Roh SY, Kim IH. Clinical Significance of CLDN18.2 Expression in Metastatic Diffuse-Type Gastric Cancer. J Gastric Cancer 2020; 20:408-420. [PMID: 33425442 PMCID: PMC7781747 DOI: 10.5230/jgc.2020.20.e33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Isoform 2 of tight junction protein claudin-18 (CLDN18.2) is a potential target for gastric cancer treatment. A treatment targeting CLDN18.2 has shown promising results in gastric cancer. We investigated the clinical significance of CLDN18.2 and other cell-adherens junction molecules (Rho GTPase-activating protein [RhoGAP] and E-cadherin) in metastatic diffuse-type gastric cancer (mDGC). Materials and Methods We evaluated CLDN18.2, RhoGAP, and E-cadherin expression using two-plex immunofluorescence and quantitative data analysis of H-scores of 77 consecutive mDGC patients who received first-line platinum-based chemotherapy between March 2015 and February 2017. Results CLDN18.2 and E-cadherin expression was significantly lower in patients with peritoneal metastasis (PM) than those without PM at the time of diagnosis (P=0.010 and 0.013, respectively), whereas it was significantly higher in patients who never developed PM from diagnosis to death than in those who did (P=0.001 and 0.003, respectively). Meanwhile, CLDN18.2 and E-cadherin expression levels were significantly higher in patients with bone metastasis than in those without bone metastasis (P=0.010 and 0.001, respectively). Moreover, we identified a positive correlation between the expression of CLDN18.2 and E-cadherin (P<0.001), RhoGAP and CLDN18.2 (P=0.004), and RhoGAP and E-cadherin (P=0.001). Conversely, CLDN18.2, RhoGAP, and E-cadherin expression was not associated with chemotherapy response and survival. Conclusions CLDN18.2 expression was reduced in patients with PM but significantly intact in those with bone metastasis. Furthermore, CLDN18.2 expression was positively correlated with other adherens junction molecules, which is clinically associated with mDGC and PM pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Ree Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kabsoo Shin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Gastric Cancer Centre, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Myung Park
- Department of Gastric Cancer Centre, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Hong Lee
- Department of Gastric Cancer Centre, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea,
| | - Kyo Yong Song
- Department of Gastric Cancer Centre, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea,
| | - Sung Hak Lee
- Department of Gastric Cancer Centre, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bohyun Kim
- Department of Gastric Cancer Centre, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junyoung Seo
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Oh Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Young Roh
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Gastric Cancer Centre, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Ho Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Gastric Cancer Centre, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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28
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Ruan H, Zhou Y, Shen J, Zhai Y, Xu Y, Pi L, Huang R, Chen K, Li X, Ma W, Wu Z, Deng X, Wang X, Zhang C, Guan M. Circulating tumor cell characterization of lung cancer brain metastases in the cerebrospinal fluid through single-cell transcriptome analysis. Clin Transl Med 2020; 10:e246. [PMID: 33377642 PMCID: PMC7737787 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain metastases explain the majority of mortality associated with lung cancer, which is the leading cause of cancer death. Cytology analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) remains the diagnostic gold standard, however, the circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in CSF (CSF-CTCs) are not well defined at the molecular and transcriptome levels. METHODS We established an effective CSF-CTCs collection procedure and isolated individual CSF cells from five lung adenocarcinoma leptomeningeal metastases (LUAD-LM) patients and three controls. Three thousand seven hundred ninety-two single-cell transcriptomes were sequenced, and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) gene expression analysis was used to perform a comprehensive characterization of CSF cells. RESULTS Through clustering and expression analysis, we defined CSF-CTCs at the transcriptome level based on epithelial markers, proliferation markers, and genes with lung origin. The metastatic-CTC signature genes are enriched for metabolic pathway and cell adhesion molecule categories, which are crucial for the survival and metastases of tumor cells. We discovered substantial heterogeneity in patient CSF-CTCs. We quantified the degree of heterogeneity and found significantly greater among-patient heterogeneity compared to among-cell heterogeneity within a patient. This observation could be explained by spatial heterogeneity of metastatic sites, cell-cycle gene, and cancer-testis antigen (CTA) expression profiles as well as the proportion of CTCs displaying mesenchymal and cancer stem cell properties. In addition, our CSF-CTCs transcriptome profiling allowed us to determine the biomarkers during the progression of an LM patient with cancer of unknown primary site (CUP). CONCLUSIONS Our results will provide candidate genes for an RNA-based digital detection of CSF-CTCs from LUAD-LM and CUP-LM cases, and shed light on the therapy and mechanism of LUAD-LM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Ruan
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yihang Zhou
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative MedicineShanghai East HospitalShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of PathobiologyAuburn UniversityAuburnAlabama
| | - Jie Shen
- 10K Genomics Technology Co., Ltd.ShanghaiChina
| | - Yue Zhai
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative MedicineShanghai East HospitalShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ying Xu
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative MedicineShanghai East HospitalShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Linyu Pi
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative MedicineShanghai East HospitalShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ruofan Huang
- Department of OncologyHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryHuashan Hospital NorthFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryHuashan Hospital NorthFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Weizhe Ma
- Central LaboratoryHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryHuashan Hospital NorthFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xuan Deng
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of PathobiologyAuburn UniversityAuburnAlabama
- HudsonAlpha Institute for BiotechnologyHuntsvilleAlabama
- Alabama Agricultural Experiment StationAuburn UniversityAuburnAlabama
| | - Chao Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative MedicineShanghai East HospitalShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ming Guan
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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29
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Gao D, Xu T, Qi X, Ning W, Ren S, Ru Z, Ji K, Ma Y, Yu T, Li Y, Cao Z, Zhang Y. CLAUDIN7 modulates trophectoderm barrier function to maintain blastocyst development in pigs. Theriogenology 2020; 158:346-357. [PMID: 33038820 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Trophectoderm (TE) barrier function is an essential prerequisite for blastocyst development. CLAUDIN7 (CLDN7), a member of CLAUDINS family, is involved in regulating intercellular exchange and cell polarity in epithelium cells. However, the role of CLDN7 in porcine early embryo development is yet to be explored. Here, we found that CLDN7 was highly conserved in different species and was widely expressed in different tissues. Remarkably, CLDN7 expression maintained a low level from GV oocyte to 4-cell stage whereas its expression exhibited a higher level from 8-cell stage onwards. Microinjection of siRNA into cytoplasm effectively knocked down expression of CLDN7 mRNA and protein in porcine embryos. CLDN7 knockdown not only significantly reduced blastocyst rates of embryos derived from parthenogenetic activation and in vitro fertilization, but also reduced number of total cells and TE cells in the resulting blastocysts. Furthermore, CLDN7 knockdown led to a significant reduction in expression of multiple genes associated with tight junction assembly and fluid accumulation. A permeability assay revealed that CLDN7 knockdown disrupted tight junction assembly and paracellular sealing in the TE epithelium. Taken together, these results demonstrate that CLDN7 regulates porcine blastocyst development via modulating trophectoderm barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Gao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Tengteng Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Wei Ning
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shang Ren
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Zhenyuan Ru
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Kaiyuan Ji
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yangyang Ma
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Tong Yu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yunsheng Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Zubing Cao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Yunhai Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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Owari T, Sasaki T, Fujii K, Fujiwara-Tani R, Kishi S, Mori S, Mori T, Goto K, Kawahara I, Nakai Y, Miyake M, Luo Y, Tanaka N, Kondoh M, Fujimoto K, Kuniyasu H. Role of Nuclear Claudin-4 in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218340. [PMID: 33172177 PMCID: PMC7664319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudin-4 (CLDN4) is a tight junction protein to maintain the cancer microenvironment. We recently reported the role of the CLDN4 not forming tight junction in the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Herein, we investigated the role of CLDN4 in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), focusing on CLDN4. CLDN4 expression in 202 RCCs was examined by immunostaining. CLDN4 phosphorylation and subcellular localization were examined using high metastatic human RCC SN12L1 and low metastatic SN12C cell lines. In 202 RCC cases, the CLDN4 expression decreased in the cell membrane and had no correlation with clinicopathological factors. However, CLDN4 was localized in the nucleus in 5 cases (2%), all of which were pT3. Contrastingly, only 6 of 198 nuclear CLDN4-negative cases were pT3. CLDN4 was found in the nuclear fraction of a highly metastatic human RCC cell line, SN12L1, but not in the low metastatic SN12C cells. In SN12L1 cells, phosphorylation of tyrosine and serine residues was observed in cytoplasmic CLDN4, but not in membranous CLDN4. In contrast, phosphorylation of serine residues was observed in nuclear CLDN4. In SN12L1 cells, CLDN4 tyrosine phosphorylation by EphA2/Ephrin A1 resulted in the release of CLDN4 from tight junction and cytoplasmic translocation. Furthermore, protein kinase C (PKC)-ε phosphorylated the CLDN4 serine residue, resulting in nuclear import. Contrarily, in SN12C cells that showed decreased expression of EphA2/Ephrin A1 and PKCε, the activation of EphA2/EphrinA1 and PKCε induced cytoplasmic and nuclear translocation of CLDN4, respectively. Furthermore, the nuclear translocation of CLDN4 promoted the nuclear translocation of Yes-associated protein (YAP) bound to CLDN4, which induced the EMT phenotype. These findings suggest that the release of CLDN4 by impaired tight junction might be a mechanism underlying the malignant properties of RCC. These findings suggest that the release of CLDN4 by impaired tight junction might be one of the mechanisms of malignant properties of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Owari
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan; (T.O.); (T.S.); (K.F.); (R.F.-T.); (S.K.); (S.M.); (T.M.); (K.G.); (I.K.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (Y.N.); (M.M.); (N.T.)
| | - Takamitsu Sasaki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan; (T.O.); (T.S.); (K.F.); (R.F.-T.); (S.K.); (S.M.); (T.M.); (K.G.); (I.K.); (Y.L.)
| | - Kiyomu Fujii
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan; (T.O.); (T.S.); (K.F.); (R.F.-T.); (S.K.); (S.M.); (T.M.); (K.G.); (I.K.); (Y.L.)
| | - Rina Fujiwara-Tani
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan; (T.O.); (T.S.); (K.F.); (R.F.-T.); (S.K.); (S.M.); (T.M.); (K.G.); (I.K.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shingo Kishi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan; (T.O.); (T.S.); (K.F.); (R.F.-T.); (S.K.); (S.M.); (T.M.); (K.G.); (I.K.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shiori Mori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan; (T.O.); (T.S.); (K.F.); (R.F.-T.); (S.K.); (S.M.); (T.M.); (K.G.); (I.K.); (Y.L.)
| | - Takuya Mori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan; (T.O.); (T.S.); (K.F.); (R.F.-T.); (S.K.); (S.M.); (T.M.); (K.G.); (I.K.); (Y.L.)
| | - Kei Goto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan; (T.O.); (T.S.); (K.F.); (R.F.-T.); (S.K.); (S.M.); (T.M.); (K.G.); (I.K.); (Y.L.)
| | - Isao Kawahara
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan; (T.O.); (T.S.); (K.F.); (R.F.-T.); (S.K.); (S.M.); (T.M.); (K.G.); (I.K.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yasushi Nakai
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (Y.N.); (M.M.); (N.T.)
| | - Makito Miyake
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (Y.N.); (M.M.); (N.T.)
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan; (T.O.); (T.S.); (K.F.); (R.F.-T.); (S.K.); (S.M.); (T.M.); (K.G.); (I.K.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nobumichi Tanaka
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (Y.N.); (M.M.); (N.T.)
| | - Masuo Kondoh
- Drug Innovation Center, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 6-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
| | - Kiyohide Fujimoto
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (Y.N.); (M.M.); (N.T.)
- Correspondence: (K.F.); (H.K.)
| | - Hiroki Kuniyasu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan; (T.O.); (T.S.); (K.F.); (R.F.-T.); (S.K.); (S.M.); (T.M.); (K.G.); (I.K.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (K.F.); (H.K.)
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Neuronal regulation of the blood-brain barrier and neurovascular coupling. Nat Rev Neurosci 2020; 21:416-432. [PMID: 32636528 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-020-0322-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To continuously process neural activity underlying sensation, movement and cognition, the CNS requires a homeostatic microenvironment that is not only enriched in nutrients to meet its high metabolic demands but that is also devoid of toxins that might harm the sensitive neural tissues. This highly regulated microenvironment is made possible by two unique features of CNS vasculature absent in the peripheral organs. First, the blood-blood barrier, which partitions the circulating blood from the CNS, acts as a gatekeeper to facilitate the selective trafficking of substances between the blood and the parenchyma. Second, neurovascular coupling ensures that, following local neural activation, regional blood flow is increased to quickly supply more nutrients and remove metabolic waste. Here, we review how neural and vascular activity act on one another with regard to these two properties.
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Lynn KS, Peterson RJ, Koval M. Ruffles and spikes: Control of tight junction morphology and permeability by claudins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183339. [PMID: 32389670 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial barrier function is regulated by a family of transmembrane proteins known as claudins. Functional tight junctions are formed when claudins interact with other transmembrane proteins, cytosolic scaffold proteins and the actin cytoskeleton. The predominant scaffold protein, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), directly binds to most claudin C-terminal domains, crosslinking them to the actin cytoskeleton. When imaged by immunofluorescence microscopy, tight junctions most frequently are linear structures that form between tricellular junctions. However, tight junctions also adapt non-linear architectures exhibiting either a ruffled or spiked morphology, which both are responses to changes in claudin engagement of actin filaments. Other terms for ruffled tight junctions include wavy, tortuous, undulating, serpentine or zig-zag junctions. Ruffling is under the control of hypoxia induced factor (HIF) and integrin-mediated signaling, as well as direct mechanical stimulation. Tight junction ruffling is specifically enhanced by claudin-2, antagonized by claudin-1 and requires claudin binding to ZO-1. Tight junction spikes are sites of active vesicle budding and fusion that appear as perpendicular projections oriented towards the nucleus. Spikes share molecular features with focal adherens junctions and tubulobulbar complexes found in Sertoli cells. Lung epithelial cells under stress form spikes due to an increase in claudin-5 expression that directly disrupts claudin-18/ZO-1 interactions. Together this suggests that claudins are not simply passive cargoes controlled by scaffold proteins. We propose a model where claudins specifically influence tight junction scaffold proteins to control interactions with the cytoskeleton as a mechanism that regulates tight junction assembly and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sabrina Lynn
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Raven J Peterson
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Michael Koval
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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González-Mariscal L, Miranda J, Gallego-Gutiérrez H, Cano-Cortina M, Amaya E. Relationship between apical junction proteins, gene expression and cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183278. [PMID: 32240623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The apical junctional complex (AJC) is a cell-cell adhesion system present at the upper portion of the lateral membrane of epithelial cells integrated by the tight junction (TJ) and the adherens junction (AJ). This complex is crucial to initiate and stabilize cell-cell adhesion, to regulate the paracellular transit of ions and molecules and to maintain cell polarity. Moreover, we now consider the AJC as a hub of signal transduction that regulates cell-cell adhesion, gene transcription and cell proliferation and differentiation. The molecular components of the AJC are multiple and diverse and depending on the cellular context some of the proteins in this complex act as tumor suppressors or as promoters of cell transformation, migration and metastasis outgrowth. Here, we describe these new roles played by TJ and AJ proteins and their potential use in cancer diagnostics and as targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza González-Mariscal
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Jael Miranda
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Helios Gallego-Gutiérrez
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Misael Cano-Cortina
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elida Amaya
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
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Roehlen N, Roca Suarez AA, El Saghire H, Saviano A, Schuster C, Lupberger J, Baumert TF. Tight Junction Proteins and the Biology of Hepatobiliary Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030825. [PMID: 32012812 PMCID: PMC7038100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJ) are intercellular adhesion complexes on epithelial cells and composed of integral membrane proteins as well as cytosolic adaptor proteins. Tight junction proteins have been recognized to play a key role in health and disease. In the liver, TJ proteins have several functions: they contribute as gatekeepers for paracellular diffusion between adherent hepatocytes or cholangiocytes to shape the blood-biliary barrier (BBIB) and maintain tissue homeostasis. At non-junctional localizations, TJ proteins are involved in key regulatory cell functions such as differentiation, proliferation, and migration by recruiting signaling proteins in response to extracellular stimuli. Moreover, TJ proteins are hepatocyte entry factors for the hepatitis C virus (HCV)—a major cause of liver disease and cancer worldwide. Perturbation of TJ protein expression has been reported in chronic HCV infection, cholestatic liver diseases as well as hepatobiliary carcinoma. Here we review the physiological function of TJ proteins in the liver and their implications in hepatobiliary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Roehlen
- Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Inserm UMR1110, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (N.R.); (A.A.R.S.); (H.E.S.); (A.S.); (C.S.); (J.L.)
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Armando Andres Roca Suarez
- Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Inserm UMR1110, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (N.R.); (A.A.R.S.); (H.E.S.); (A.S.); (C.S.); (J.L.)
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Houssein El Saghire
- Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Inserm UMR1110, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (N.R.); (A.A.R.S.); (H.E.S.); (A.S.); (C.S.); (J.L.)
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Antonio Saviano
- Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Inserm UMR1110, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (N.R.); (A.A.R.S.); (H.E.S.); (A.S.); (C.S.); (J.L.)
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
- Pôle Hepato-digestif, Institut Hopitalo-universitaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Schuster
- Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Inserm UMR1110, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (N.R.); (A.A.R.S.); (H.E.S.); (A.S.); (C.S.); (J.L.)
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Joachim Lupberger
- Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Inserm UMR1110, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (N.R.); (A.A.R.S.); (H.E.S.); (A.S.); (C.S.); (J.L.)
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas F. Baumert
- Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Inserm UMR1110, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (N.R.); (A.A.R.S.); (H.E.S.); (A.S.); (C.S.); (J.L.)
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
- Pôle Hepato-digestif, Institut Hopitalo-universitaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-3688-53703
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Xing T, Benderman LJ, Sabu S, Parker J, Yang J, Lu Q, Ding L, Chen YH. Tight Junction Protein Claudin-7 Is Essential for Intestinal Epithelial Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Differentiation. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 9:641-659. [PMID: 31874254 PMCID: PMC7160575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Claudin-7 (Cldn7) is a tight junction (TJ) membrane protein located at the apical TJ and basolateral side of intestinal epithelial cells. Deletion of Cldn7 by gene targeting leads to the inflammatory bowel disease-like phenotype in mice, which includes weight loss, diarrhea, mucosa ulceration, and severe intestinal epithelial damage. In this study, we test our hypothesis that Cldn7 plays a critical role in regulating intestinal crypt stem cell functions. METHODS Gene expression microarray, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridization, histologic examinations, immunoblotting, 3-dimensional organoid culture, and various treatments to rescue Cldn7-deficient organoid defects were conducted using global Cldn7 knockout mice and inducible, conditional Cldn7 knockout mice. RESULTS Gene deletion of Cldn7 in intestines showed significant alteration of expression profiles with striking down-regulation of intestinal crypt stem cell markers such as Olfm4, dislocated proliferative cells, and disrupted epithelial cell differentiation. In addition, the isolated Cldn7-deficient crypts where the stem cells reside were either unable to survive at all or formed defective spheroids, highlighting the functional impairment of crypt stem cells in the absence of Cldn7. Remarkably, the Cldn7-expressing organoids with buddings underwent rapid cell degeneration within days after turning off Cldn7 expression in the culture. We identified that activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling rescued the organoid defects caused by Cldn7 deletion. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we show that Cldn7 is indispensable in controlling Wnt/β-catenin signaling-dependent intestinal epithelial stem cell survival, self-renewal, and cell differentiation. This study could open a door to study roles of TJ proteins in stem cell regulations in other tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiaosi Xing
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Lesley Jasmine Benderman
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Stephiya Sabu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Joel Parker
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jeffrey Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Qun Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Lei Ding, MD, Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. fax: 01063926296.
| | - Yan-Hua Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Yan-Hua Chen, PhD, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834. fax: (252) 744 2850.
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Kage H, Flodby P, Zhou B, Borok Z. Dichotomous roles of claudins as tumor promoters or suppressors: lessons from knockout mice. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:4663-4672. [PMID: 31332482 PMCID: PMC6858953 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03238-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Claudins are a family of integral tight junction proteins that regulate paracellular permeability in polarized epithelia. Overexpression or reduction of claudins can both promote and limit cancer progression, revealing complex dichotomous roles for claudins depending on cellular context. In contrast, recent studies demonstrating tumor formation in claudin knockout mouse models indicate a role for several claudin family members in suppressing tumor initiation. For example, intestine-specific claudin-7 knockout mice spontaneously develop atypical hyperplasia and intestinal adenomas, while claudin-18 knockout mice develop carcinomas in the lung and stomach. Claudin-4, -11, and -15 knockout mice show increased cell proliferation and/or hyperplasia in urothelium, Sertoli cells, and small intestinal crypts, respectively, possibly a precursor to cancer development. Pathways implicated in both cell proliferation and tumorigenesis include Yap/Taz and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R)/Akt pathways, among others. Consistent with the tumor suppressive role of claudins shown in mice, in humans, claudin-low breast cancer has been described as a distinct entity with a poor prognosis, and claudin-18-Rho GTPase activating protein 26 (CLDN18-ARHGAP26) fusion protein as a driver gene aberration in diffuse-type gastric cancer due to effects on RhoA. Paradoxically, claudins have also garnered interest as targets for therapy, as they are sometimes aberrantly expressed in cancer cells, which may or may not promote cancer progression. For example, a chimeric monoclonal antibody which targets cells expressing claudin-18.2 through antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity has shown promise in multiple phase II studies. In this review, we focus on new findings supporting a tumor suppressive role for claudins during cancer initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Kage
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Per Flodby
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine and Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, IRD 620, M/C 9520, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9520, USA
| | - Beiyun Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine and Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, IRD 620, M/C 9520, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9520, USA
| | - Zea Borok
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine and Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, IRD 620, M/C 9520, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9520, USA.
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Greco G, Amasheh S, Shen Z, Lu Z, Aschenbach JR. Effects of glucagon-like peptides 1 and 2 and epidermal growth factor on the epithelial barrier of the rumen of adult sheep. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:1727-1738. [PMID: 31498510 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and glucagon-like peptides (GLP) modulate the tight junctions (TJ) of the intestinal epithelial barrier (EB) of monogastric animals. This work tried to elucidate whether GLP-1, GLP-2 and EGF can affect the EB of the rumen. Ovine ruminal epithelia were incubated in Ussing chambers for 7 hr with 25 or 250 nM of either GLP-1 or GLP-2 on the serosal side, with 2.5 nM of EGF on the serosal side or with 0.25 or 2.5 nM EGF on the mucosal side. No treatment affected tissue conductance. Short-circuit current (Isc ) was affected by time and treatment and their interactions. Only 250 nM of either GLP-1 or GLP-2 decreased Isc in certain periods compared with 25 nM GLP-1 or 0.25 nM mucosally applied EGF; however, not when compared to control epithelia. Fluorescein flux rates (Jfluor ) of ruminal epithelia were affected by treatment, time and time × treatment interaction. The time × treatment interaction was based on an increase in Jfluor between the first and last hour in epithelia incubated with 25 nM GLP-1 or GLP-2 and in epithelia incubated with EGF. After 7 hr incubation, claudin-7 mRNA expression was downregulated in all treatments. Claudin-1 mRNA was upregulated after incubation with 2.5 nM EGF on the serosal side, claudin-4 mRNA was downregulated by 2.5 nM EGF on the mucosal side, and occludin mRNA was increased after incubation with 250 nM GLP-2. The protein abundance of all tested TJ proteins was not influenced by treatment. We conclude that GLP-1, GLP-2, and EGF have no obvious acute effects on the EB of ruminal epithelia under simulated physiological conditions ex vivo. However, by decreasing the mRNA expression of claudin-7 and partly affecting other TJ proteins, they may modulate EB in the longer term or under certain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Greco
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Salah Amasheh
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zanming Shen
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongyan Lu
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jörg R Aschenbach
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Dottermusch M, Krüger S, Behrens HM, Halske C, Röcken C. Expression of the potential therapeutic target claudin-18.2 is frequently decreased in gastric cancer: results from a large Caucasian cohort study. Virchows Arch 2019; 475:563-571. [PMID: 31332522 PMCID: PMC6861347 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-019-02624-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is frequently diagnosed and treated in advanced tumour stages with poor prognosis. Recent studies have identified isoform 2 of the tight junction protein claudin-18 (CLDN18.2) as a promising target in GC therapy. In this study, we aimed to outline the expression of CLDN18.2 and its correlation with clinico-pathological patient characteristics in a large and well-characterized cohort of GC patients. The expression of CLDN18.2 was studied in 481 GCs by immunohistochemistry on whole tissue sections. Immunostained GCs were evaluated using the histoscore (H-score) and subsequently divided into two groups: tumours showing any or no expression. CLDN18.2 expression was investigated for correlation with various clinico-pathological patient characteristics, including survival. CLDN18.2 expression was found in 203 GCs (42.2%). Of these tumours, 71 (14.8%) showed solely weak immunostaining. CLDN18.2 expression correlated with mucin phenotype, EBV status, the integrin αvβ5, the EpCAM extracellular domain EpEX, and lysozyme. We found no correlation with survival, Laurén phenotype, or any other clinico-pathological patient characteristic. In conclusion, we demonstrate frequently decreased expression of CLDN18.2 in a GC cohort of appropriate size. Correlating CLDN18.2 expression with clinico-pathological patient characteristics reveals new linkages to αvβ5, EpEX, and lysozyme, which may pave the way for further investigations regarding the role of tight junction proteins in GC progression. Though CLDN18.2 continues to pose an attractive target candidate, we conclude that a rather low overall expression rate challenges its significance in advanced GC therapy and indicates the need for further investigations across different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Dottermusch
- Department of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus 14, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sandra Krüger
- Department of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus 14, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hans-Michael Behrens
- Department of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus 14, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christine Halske
- Department of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus 14, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Röcken
- Department of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus 14, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
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Van Itallie CM, Lidman KF, Tietgens AJ, Anderson JM. Newly synthesized claudins but not occludin are added to the basal side of the tight junction. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:1406-1424. [PMID: 30943107 PMCID: PMC6724697 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-01-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A network of claudin strands creates continuous cell–cell contacts to form the intercellular tight junction barrier; a second protein, occludin, is associated along these strands. The physiological barrier remains stable despite protein turnover, which involves removal and replacement of claudins both in the steady state and during junction remodeling. Here we use a pulse–block–pulse labeling protocol with fluorescent ligands to label SNAP/CLIP-tags fused to claudins and occludin to identify their spatial trafficking pathways and kinetics in Madin–Darby canine kidney monolayers. We find that claudins are first delivered to the lateral membrane and, over time, enter the junction strand network from the basal side; this is followed by slow replacement of older claudins in the strands. In contrast, even at early times, newly synthesized occludin is found throughout the network. Taking the results together with our previous documentation of the mechanism for claudin strand assembly in a fibroblast model, we speculate that newly synthesized claudins are added at strand breaks and free ends; these are most common in the basalmost edge of the junction. In contrast, occludin can be added directly within the strand network. We further demonstrate that claudin trafficking and half-life depend on carboxy-terminal sequences and that different claudins compete for tight junction localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Van Itallie
- Laboratory of Tight Junction Structure and Function, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Karin Fredriksson Lidman
- Laboratory of Tight Junction Structure and Function, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Amber Jean Tietgens
- Laboratory of Tight Junction Structure and Function, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - James Melvin Anderson
- Laboratory of Tight Junction Structure and Function, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Nishiguchi Y, Fujiwara-Tani R, Sasaki T, Luo Y, Ohmori H, Kishi S, Mori S, Goto K, Yasui W, Sho M, Kuniyasu H. Targeting claudin-4 enhances CDDP-chemosensitivity in gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2019; 10:2189-2202. [PMID: 31040910 PMCID: PMC6481338 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudins are major tight-junction proteins that mediate cellular polarity and differentiation. The present study investigated whether the 4D3 antibody to the human CLDN4 extracellular domain (that we previously established) is capable of modulating chemotherapeutic sensitivity in gastric cancer (GC). The results of the present study showed that CLDN4 was overexpressed in 137 of the 192 analyzed GC cases, and that CLDN4 expression was retained in tumors of a lower histological grade (more differentiated), and/or those that were caudal-type homeobox protein 2 (CDX2)-positive, but was reduced in more highly undifferentiated, and CDX2-negative GC cases. The study also compared the synergic effects of combining 4D3 with CDDP treatment and knocking down CLDN4 expression in MKN74 and TMK-1 human GC cells. Co-treatment with 4D3 increased anti-tumor effects of CDDP, whereas CLDN4 knockdown did not. In the TMK-1 cells, non-tight junction CLDN4 associated with integrin β1, increasing stem cell-associated proteins via FAK-c-SRC signals. The anti-tumoral effect of CDDP and 4D3 was examined in a nude mouse subcutaneous tumor model. In the two GC cell lines, concurrent treatment with 4D3 and CDDP synergistically inhibited cell proliferation and increased tumor necrosis and apoptosis to a greater degree than CDDP treatment alone. These findings suggest that 4D3 might increase chemotherapeutic sensitivity by evoking structural disintegration of tight-junction CLDN4 expressed in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Nishiguchi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Rina Fujiwara-Tani
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Sasaki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Hitoshi Ohmori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Shingo Kishi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Shiori Mori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Kei Goto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Wataru Yasui
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Graduate School, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sho
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kuniyasu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
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Li W, Xu C, Wang K, Ding Y, Ding L. Non-tight junction-related function of claudin-7 in interacting with integrinβ1 to suppress colorectal cancer cell proliferation and migration. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:1443-1451. [PMID: 30863155 PMCID: PMC6389015 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s188020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose We conducted a preliminarily exploration of the role and possible mechanism of the non-tight junction-related function of claudin-7 in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer. Methods We selected the colorectal cancer cell line HCT116, constructed a stably transfected claudin-7 knockdown cell line via RNAi and lentiviral infection, and determined the claudin-7 knockdown efficiency. We assessed the biological behavior changes (cell viability, apoptosis, and migration) in the stably transfected HCT116 cells and observed structural changes in the tight junction by transmission electron microscopy. We used a subcutaneous tumor formation model to assess the tumorigenicity of HCT116 cells after claudin-7 knockdown. We assessed the expression and localization of integrinβ1 in the stably transfected cell line by immunofluorescence staining and investigated the interaction between integrinβ1 and claudin-7 by co-immunoprecipitation. Results After the knockdown of claudin-7 the expression, the viability and migration ability of HCT116 cells increased and apoptosis decreased. Transmission electron microscopy indicated that the intercellular tight junction structure did not change substantially. Furthermore, the tumor growth in nude mice was enhanced. Immunofluorescence staining showed that integrinβ1 and claudin-7 were co-expressed and co-localized on the cell membrane, and immunoprecipitation suggested that claudin-7 interacts with integrinβ1. Conclusion Claudin-7 may inhibit the proliferation and migration of tumor cells by interacting with integrinβ1, subsequently participating in the development of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China, .,Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China,
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yuhan Ding
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China,
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China,
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Xu C, Wang K, Ding YH, Li WJ, Ding L. Claudin-7 gene knockout causes destruction of intestinal structure and animal death in mice. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:584-599. [PMID: 30774273 PMCID: PMC6371004 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i5.584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Claudin-7, one of the important components of cellular tight junctions, is currently considered to be expressed abnormally in colorectal inflammation and colorectal cancer. However, there is currently no effective animal model to study its specific mechanism. Therefore, we constructed three lines of Claudin-7 knockout mice using the Cre/LoxP system.
AIM To determine the function of the tumor suppressor gene Claudin-7 by generating three lines of Claudin-7 gene knockout mice.
METHODS We crossed Claudin-7-floxed mice with CMV-Cre, vil1-Cre, and villin-CreERT2 transgenic mice, and the offspring were self-crossed to obtain conventional Claudin-7 knockout mice, conditional (intestinal specific) Claudin-7 knockout mice, and inducible conditional Claudin-7 knockout mice. Intraperitoneal injection of tamoxifen into the inducible conditional Claudin-7 knockout mice can induce the knockout of Claudin-7. PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis were used to identify mouse genotypes, and Western blot was used to confirm the knockout of Claudin-7. The mental state, body length, and survival time of these mice were observed. The dying mice were sacrificed, and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemical staining were performed to observe changes in intestinal structure and proliferation markers.
RESULTS We generated Claudin-7-floxed mice and three lines of Claudin-7 gene knockout mice using the Cre/LoxP system successfully. Conventional and intestinal specific Claudin-7 knockout mice were stunted and died during the perinatal period, and intestinal HE staining in these mice revealed mucosal gland structure disappearance and connective tissue hyperplasia with extensive inflammatory cell infiltration. The inducible conditional Claudin-7 knockout mice had a normal phenotype at birth, but after the induction with tamoxifen, they exhibited a dying state. Intestinal HE staining showed significant inflammatory cell infiltration, and atypical hyperplasia and adenoma were also observed. Intestinal immunohistochemistry analysis showed abnormal expression and distribution of Ki67, and the normal intestinal proliferation balance was disrupted. The intestinal crypt size in inducible conditional Claudin-7 knockout mice was increased compared with control mice (small intestine: 54.1 ± 2.96 vs 38.4 ± 1.63; large intestine: 44.7 ± 1.93 vs 27.4 ± 0.60; P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION The knockout of Claudin-7 in vivo causes extensive inflammation, atypical hyperplasia, and adenoma in intestinal tissue as well as animal death in mice. Claudin-7 may act as a tumor suppressor gene in the development of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Yu-Han Ding
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Wen-Jing Li
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
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Kim DH, Lu Q, Chen YH. Claudin-7 modulates cell-matrix adhesion that controls cell migration, invasion and attachment of human HCC827 lung cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:2890-2896. [PMID: 30854065 PMCID: PMC6365970 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.9909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudins are a family of tight junction proteins, and serve important roles in epithelial barrier, selective ion transports and cancer metastasis. Although the exact role of claudin-7 in human lung cancer has not been completely elucidated, recent clinical studies have demonstrated that claudin-7 is associated with the survival of patients with lung cancer. Our previous studies have demonstrated that claudin-7 forms a protein complex with integrin β1 in human lung cancer cells. The knockdown (KD) of claudin-7 by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) reduced integrin β1 expression and increased the cell proliferative rate, whereas claudin-7 re-expression in the KD cells decreased the cell proliferation. It is unknown as to whether claudin-7 and integrin β1 regulate cell proliferation and invasion synergistically or independently. In the present study, it was observed that ectopic expression of integrin β1 in claudin-7 KD lung cancer cells did not reduce the cell proliferation. However, integrin β1-transfected cells migrated more effectively in wound healing and cell invasion assays and were more adhesive in a cell attachment assay when compared with those of claudin-7 KD cells. This indicates that claudin-7 controls cell proliferation, while cell attachment and motility were regulated partially through integrin β1. Additionally, claudin-7 overexpression in claudin-7 KD cells resulted in an improved ability to attach to the surface of cell culture plates and a higher expression of focal adhesion proteins when compared with claudin-7 non-KD control cells, which supports the role of claudin-7 in cell adhesion and motility. Taken together, these data suggest that claudin-7 regulates cell motility through integrin β1, providing additional insight into the roles of claudins in carcinogenesis and cancer cell metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Hyung Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Qun Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.,Leo Jenkins Cancer Center, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Yan-Hua Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.,Leo Jenkins Cancer Center, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
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44
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Okui N, Kamata Y, Sagawa Y, Kuhara A, Hayashi K, Uwagawa T, Homma S, Yanaga K. Claudin 7 as a possible novel molecular target for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Pancreatology 2019; 19:88-96. [PMID: 30416041 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Pancreatic cancer consists of various subpopulations of cells, some of which have aggressive proliferative properties. The molecules responsible for the aggressive proliferation of pancreatic cancer may become molecular targets for the therapies against pancreatic cancer. METHODS From a human pancreatic cancer cell line, MIA PaCa-2, MIA PaCa-2-A cells with an epithelial morphology and MIA PaCa-2-R cells with a non-epithelial morphology were clonogenically isolated by the limiting dilution method. Gene expression of these subpopulations was analyzed by DNA microarray. Gene knockdown was performed using siRNA. RESULTS Although the MIA PaCa-2-A and MIA PaCa-2-R cells displayed the same DNA short tandem repeat (STR) pattern identical to that of the parental MIA PaCa-2 cells, the MIA PaCa-2-A cells were more proliferative than the MIA PaCa-2-R cells both in culture and in tumor xenografts generated in immunodeficient mice. Furthermore, the MIA PaCa-2-A cells were more resistant to gemcitabine than the MIA PaCa-2-R cells. DNA microarray analysis revealed a high expression of claudin (CLDN) 7 in the MIA PaCa-2-A cells, as opposed to a low expression in the MIA PaCa-2-R cells. The knockdown of CLDN7 in the MIA PaCa-2-A cells induced a marked inhibition of proliferation. The MIA PaCa-2-A cells in which CLDN7 was knocked down exhibited a decreased expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-Erk)1/2 and G1 cell cycle arrest. CONCLUSIONS CLDN7 may be expressed in the rapidly proliferating and dominant cell population in human pancreatic cancer tissues and may be a novel molecular target for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norimitsu Okui
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kamata
- Division of Oncology, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Sagawa
- Division of Oncology, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Kuhara
- Division of Oncology, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumi Hayashi
- Division of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Uwagawa
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sadamu Homma
- Division of Oncology, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Katsuhiko Yanaga
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Ravisankar S, Tatum R, Garg PM, Herco M, Shekhawat PS, Chen YH. Necrotizing enterocolitis leads to disruption of tight junctions and increase in gut permeability in a mouse model. BMC Pediatr 2018; 18:372. [PMID: 30482190 PMCID: PMC6260703 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-018-1346-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a leading cause of death in preterm infants. Neonates weighing <1500 grams are at the highest risk for acquiring NEC, with a prevalence of nearly 7-10%, mortality up to 30%, and several long-term complications among survivors. Despite advancements in neonatal medicine, this disease remains a challenge to treat. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of NEC on gut epithelial tight junctions and its barrier function using a NEC mouse model. Methods Three-day old C57BL/6 mouse pups were fed with Esbilac formula every 3 hours and then subjected to hypoxia twice daily followed by cold stress. Dam fed pups from the same litters served as controls. Pups were observed and sacrificed 96 hours after the treatments and intestines were removed for experiments. The successful induction of NEC was confirmed by histopathology. Changes in tight junction proteins in NEC intestines were studied by western blotting and immunofluorescent microscopy using specific protein markers. The gut leakage in NEC was visualized using biotin tracer molecules. Results Our study results demonstrate that we induced NEC in >50% of experimental pups, pups lost nearly 40% of weight and their intestines showed gross changes and microscopic changes associated with NEC. There were inflammatory changes with loss of tight junction barrier function and disruption of tight junction claudin proteins in the intestines of NEC mouse model. We have demonstrated for the first time that NEC intestines develop increased leakiness as visualized by biotin tracer leakage. Conclusions NEC leads to breakdown of epithelial barrier due to changes in tight junction proteins with increased leakiness which may explain the transmigration of microbes and microbial products from the gut lumen into the blood stream leading to sepsis like signs clinically witnessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Ravisankar
- Department of Pediatrics, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.,Present Address: Clinical Neonatologist, Mercy Medical Center, Cedar Rapids, IA, 52403, USA
| | - Rodney Tatum
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Parvesh M Garg
- Department of Pediatrics, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.,Present Address: Department of Pediatrics, Division Neonatology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, 39216, USA
| | - Maja Herco
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Prem S Shekhawat
- Department of Pediatrics, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44109, USA.
| | - Yan-Hua Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.
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Sun L, Feng L, Cui J. Increased expression of claudin-12 promotes the metastatic phenotype of human bronchial epithelial cells and is associated with poor prognosis in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Exp Ther Med 2018; 17:165-174. [PMID: 30651778 PMCID: PMC6307469 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A prior study by our group using cDNA array analysis identified the tight junction component claudin-12 (CLDN12) to be an upregulated gene in lung squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) cells compared with normal human bronchial epithelial cells. The present study aimed to explore the effect and underlying molecular mechanism of CLDN12 with regard to the malignant phenotype of SqCC. Firstly, the expression patterns of CLDN12 in SqCC tissues, lung adenocarcinoma tissues and histologically non-neoplastic lung epithelial tissues were investigated by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Additionally, associations between CLDN12 expression and clinicopathological indicators were examined in patients with SqCC. Furthermore, the impact of CLDN12 on the malignant phenotype of the human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B in vitro was assessed using the Cell Counting kit-8 assay, Transwell assay and a wound-healing experiment. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were also used to detect the impact of CLDN12 on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of BEAS-2B cells. Tyrosine kinase 2 (Tyk2) RNA interference was further utilized to determine the impact of the Tyk2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (Stat1) signaling pathway on the EMT of BEAS-2B cells. To conclude, it was indicated that the expression of CLDN12 was upregulated in SqCC tissues and was associated with the extent of lymphatic metastasis in patients with SqCC. Furthermore, CLDN12 promoted the EMT of human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. The findings indicated that the induction of Tyk2/Stat1 signaling appears to be an important mechanism by which CLDN12 promotes the EMT of SqCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemeng Sun
- Department of Oncology, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, The First Bethune Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Liangshu Feng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Department of Oncology, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, The First Bethune Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Wang K, Xu C, Li W, Ding L. Emerging clinical significance of claudin-7 in colorectal cancer: a review. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:3741-3752. [PMID: 30288105 PMCID: PMC6159786 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s175383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) play an important role in maintaining cell polarity and regulating cell permeability. In recent years, many studies have shown that TJ proteins, especially claudin-7, are closely related to inflammation and the development of various malignant tumors. Claudin-7 plays a significant role in maintaining the physiological functions and pathological conditions of the TJ barrier. The dysregulation of claudin-7 plays a tumor suppressor role or conversely has carcinogenic effects in different target tissues or cells, but the exact underlying mechanism is still unclear. In this review, we will summarize the expression pattern of claudin-7 in tumors, focusing on the expression and regulation of claudin-7 in colorectal cancer and discussing the correlation between claudin-7 and invasion, metastasis and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in colorectal cancer. The construction of Cldn7−/− mice and conventional claudin-7 knockout mouse models has helped determine the mechanisms by which claudin-7 promotes tumorigenesis. Elucidation of the expression and subcellular localization of claudin-7 under pathological conditions will help develop claudin-7 as a useful biomarker for detecting and diagnosing cancer, and thus may help combat the occurrence, development, and invasion of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China,
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China,
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China,
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China,
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Li HP, Peng CC, Wu CC, Chen CH, Shih MJ, Huang MY, Lai YR, Chen YL, Chen TW, Tang P, Chang YS, Chang KP, Hsu CL. Inactivation of the tight junction gene CLDN11 by aberrant hypermethylation modulates tubulins polymerization and promotes cell migration in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:102. [PMID: 29747653 PMCID: PMC5946489 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0754-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant hypermethylation of cellular genes is a common phenomenon to inactivate genes and promote tumorigenesis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS Methyl binding domain (MBD)-ChIP sequencing of NPC cells, microarray data of NPC biopsies and gene ontology analysis were conducted to identify a potential tumor suppressor gene CLDN11 that was both hypermethylated and downregulated in NPC. Bisulfite sequencing, qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry staining of the NPC clinical samples and addition of methylation inhibitor, 5'azacytidine, in NPC cells were performed to verify the correlation between DNA hypermethylation and expression of CLDN11. Promoter reporter and EMSA assays were used to dissect the DNA region responsible for transcription activator binding and to confirm whether DNA methylation could affect activator's binding, respectively. CLDN11 was transiently overexpressed in NPC cells followed by cell proliferation, migration, invasion assays to characterize its biological roles. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments and proteomic approach were carried out to identify novel interacting protein(s) and the binding domain of CLDN11. Anti-tumor activity of the CLDN11 was elucidated by in vitro functional assay. RESULTS A tight junction gene, CLDN11, was identified as differentially hypermethylated gene in NPC. High methylation percentage of CLDN11 promoter in paired NPC clinical samples was correlated with low mRNA expression level. Immunohistochemistry staining of NPC paired samples tissue array demonstrated that CLDN11 protein expression was relatively low in NPC tumors. Transcription activator GATA1 bound to CLDN11 promoter region - 62 to - 53 and its DNA binding activity was inhibited by DNA methylation. Re-expression of CLDN11 reduced cell migration and invasion abilities in NPC cells. By co-immunoprecipitation and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry LC-MS/MS, tubulin alpha-1b (TUBA1B) and beta-3 (TUBB3), were identified as the novel CLDN11-interacting proteins. CLDN11 interacted with these two tubulins through its intracellular loop and C-terminus. Furthermore, these domains were required for CLDN11-mediated cell migration inhibition. Treatment with a tubulin polymerization inhibitor, nocodazole, blocked NPC cell migration. CONCLUSIONS CLDN11 is a hypermethylated and downregulated gene in NPC. Through interacting with microtubules TUBA1B and TUBB3, CLDN11 blocks the polymerization of tubulins and cell migration activity. Thus, CLDN11 functions as a potential tumor suppressor gene and silencing of CLDN11 by DNA hypermethylation promotes NPC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Pai Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan. .,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan. .,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, No.5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.
| | - Chen-Ching Peng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Wu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, No.5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsun Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Jhe Shih
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yuan Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ru Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Li Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wen Chen
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.,Bioinformatics Center, Medical School, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
| | - Petrus Tang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.,Bioinformatics Center, Medical School, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sun Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, No.5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Ping Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, No.5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Lung Hsu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, No.5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
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Sarathy J, Detloff SJ, Ao M, Khan N, French S, Sirajuddin H, Nair T, Rao MC. The Yin and Yang of bile acid action on tight junctions in a model colonic epithelium. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:e13294. [PMID: 28554966 PMCID: PMC5449568 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal epithelial barrier loss due to tight junction (TJ) dysfunction and bile acid‐induced diarrhea are common in patients with inflammatory diseases. Although excess colonic bile acids are known to alter mucosal permeability, few studies have compared the effects of specific bile acids on TJ function. We report that the primary bile acid, chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), and its 7α‐dehydroxylated derivative, lithocholic acid (LCA) have opposite effects on epithelial integrity in human colonic T84 cells. CDCA decreased transepithelial barrier resistance (pore) and increased paracellular 10 kDa dextran permeability (leak), effects that were enhanced by proinflammatory cytokines (PiC [ng/mL]: TNFα[10] + IL‐1ß[10] + IFNγ[30]). CDCA reversed the cation selectivity of the monolayer and decreased intercellular adhesion. In contrast, LCA alone did not alter any of these parameters, but attenuated the effects of CDCA ± PiC on paracellular permeability. CDCA, but not PiC, decreased occludin and not claudin‐2 protein expression; CDCA also decreased occludin localization. LCA ± CDCA had no effects on occludin or claudin expression/localization. While PiC and CDCA increased IL‐8 production, LCA reduced both basal and PiC ± CDCA‐induced IL‐8 production. TNFα + IL1ß increased IFNγ, which was enhanced by CDCA and attenuated by LCA. CDCA±PiC increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that was attenuated by LCA. Finally, scavenging ROS attenuated CDCA's leak, but not pore actions, and LCA enhanced this effect. Thus, in T84 cells, CDCA plays a role in the inflammatory response causing barrier dysfunction, while LCA restores barrier integrity. Understanding the interplay of LCA, CDCA, and PiC could lead to innovative therapeutic strategies for inflammatory and diarrheal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayashree Sarathy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Biological Sciences, Benedictine University, Lisle, Illinois
| | - Sally Jo Detloff
- Department of Biological Sciences, Benedictine University, Lisle, Illinois
| | - Mei Ao
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nabihah Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Benedictine University, Lisle, Illinois
| | - Sydney French
- Department of Biological Sciences, Benedictine University, Lisle, Illinois
| | - Hafsa Sirajuddin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Benedictine University, Lisle, Illinois
| | - Tanushree Nair
- Department of Biological Sciences, Benedictine University, Lisle, Illinois
| | - Mrinalini C Rao
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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50
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Lewis JB, Jimenez FR, Merrell BJ, Kimbler B, Arroyo JA, Reynolds PR. The expression profile of Claudin family members in the developing mouse lung and expression alterations resulting from exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS). Exp Lung Res 2018; 44:13-24. [DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2017.1409846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B. Lewis
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Felix R. Jimenez
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Brigham J. Merrell
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Brent Kimbler
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Juan A. Arroyo
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Paul R. Reynolds
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
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