1
|
Lv Z, Ali A, Wang N, Ren H, Liu L, Yan F, Shad M, Hao H, Zhang Y, Rahman FU. Co-targeting CDK 4/6 and C-MYC/STAT3/CCND1 axis and inhibition of tumorigenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal-transition in triple negative breast cancer by Pt(II) complexes bearing NH 3 as trans-co-ligand. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 259:112661. [PMID: 39018748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
In search of potential anticancer agents, we synthesized SNO-donor salicylaldimine main ligand-based Pt(II) complexes bearing NH3 as co-ligand at trans-position (C1-C6). These complexes showed similarity in structure with transplatin as the two N donor atoms of the main ligand and NH3 co-ligand were coordinated to Pt in trans position to each other. Each complex with different substituents on the main ligand was characterized thoroughly by detailed spectroscopic and spectrophotometric methods. Four of these complexes were studied in solid state by single crystal X-ray analysis. The stability of reference complex C1 was measured in solution state in DMSO‑d6 or its mixture with D2O using 1H NMR methods. These complexes were further investigated for their anticancer activity in triple-negative-breast (TNBC) cells including MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-436 cells. All these complexes showed satisfactory cytotoxic effect as revealed by the MTT results. Importantly, the highly active complex C4 anticancer effect was compared to the standard chemotherapeutic agents including cisplatin, oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Functionally, C4 suppressed invasion, spheroids formation ability and clonogenic potential of cancer cells. C4 showed synergistic anticancer effect when used in combination with palbociclib, JQ1 and paclitaxel in TNBC cells. Mechanistically, C4 inhibited cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4/6 pathway and targeted the expressions of MYC/STAT3/CCND1/CNNE1 axis. Furthermore, C4 suppressed the EMT signaling pathway that suggested a role of C4 in the inhibition of TNBC metastasis. Our findings may pave further in detailed mechanistic study on these complexes as potential chemotherapeutic agents in different types of human cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Lv
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Amjad Ali
- Institute of Integrative Biosciences, CECOS University of IT and Emerging Sciences, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Wang
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Haojie Ren
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijing Liu
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Fufu Yan
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Shad
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China; School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifang Hao
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China; School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Faiz-Ur Rahman
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou L, Yu CW. Epigenetic modulations in triple-negative breast cancer: Therapeutic implications for tumor microenvironment. Pharmacol Res 2024; 204:107205. [PMID: 38719195 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype lacking estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors and lacks HER2 overexpression. This absence of critical molecular targets poses significant challenges for conventional therapies. Immunotherapy, remarkably immune checkpoint blockade, offers promise for TNBC treatment, but its efficacy remains limited. Epigenetic dysregulation, including altered DNA methylation, histone modifications, and imbalances in regulators such as BET proteins, plays a crucial role in TNBC development and resistance to treatment. Hypermethylation of tumor suppressor gene promoters and the imbalance of histone methyltransferases such as EZH2 and histone deacetylases (HDACs) profoundly influence tumor cell proliferation, survival, and metastasis. In addition, epigenetic alterations critically shape the tumor microenvironment (TME), including immune cell composition, cytokine signaling, and immune checkpoint expression, ultimately contributing to immune evasion. Targeting these epigenetic mechanisms with specific inhibitors such as EZH2 and HDAC inhibitors in combination with immunotherapy represents a compelling strategy to remodel the TME, potentially overcoming immune evasion and enhancing therapeutic outcomes in TNBC. This review aims to comprehensively elucidate the current understanding of epigenetic modulation in TNBC, its influence on the TME, and the potential of combining epigenetic therapies with immunotherapy to overcome the challenges posed by this aggressive breast cancer subtype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhou
- Institute of Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chen-Wei Yu
- Department of Statistics and Information Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee CM, Hwang Y, Jeong JW, Kim M, Lee J, Bae SJ, Ahn SG, Fang S. BRCA1 mutation promotes sprouting angiogenesis in inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblast of triple-negative breast cancer. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:5. [PMID: 38182557 PMCID: PMC10770063 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01768-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype with inferior outcomes owing to its low treatment response and high invasiveness. Based on abundant cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and frequent mutation of breast cancer-associated 1 (BRCA1) in TNBC, the characteristics of CAFs in TNBC patients with BRCA1 mutation compared to wild-type were investigated using single-cell analysis. Intriguingly, we observed that characteristics of inflammatory CAFs (iCAFs) were enriched in patients with BRCA1 mutation compared to the wild-type. iCAFs in patients with BRCA1 mutation exhibited outgoing signals to endothelial cells (ECs) clusters, including chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). During CXCL signaling, the atypical chemokine receptor 1 (ACKR1) mainly interacts with CXCL family members in tumor endothelial cells (TECs). ACKR1-high TECs also showed high expression levels of angiogenesis-related genes, such as ANGPT2, MMP1, and SELE, which might lead to EC migration. Furthermore, iCAFs showed VEGF signals for FLT1 and KDR in TECs, which showed high co-expression with tip cell marker genes, including ZEB1 and MAFF, involved in sprouting angiogenesis. Moreover, BRCA1 mutation patients with relatively abundant iCAFs and tip cell gene expression exhibited a limited response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, including cisplatin and bevacizumab. Importantly, our study observed the intricate link between iCAFs-mediated angiogenesis and chemoresistance in TNBC with BRCA1 mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chae Min Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeseong Hwang
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Woong Jeong
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Minki Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Janghee Lee
- Department of Surgery, Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Dongtan, 18450, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Soong June Bae
- Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Breast Cancer Precision Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Gwe Ahn
- Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea.
- Institute for Breast Cancer Precision Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sungsoon Fang
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Chronic Intractable Disease for Systems Medicine Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Desterke C, Xiang Y, Elhage R, Duruel C, Chang Y, Hamaï A. Ferroptosis Inducers Upregulate PD-L1 in Recurrent Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:155. [PMID: 38201582 PMCID: PMC10778345 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a distinct subgroup of breast cancer presenting a high level of recurrence, and neo-adjuvant chemotherapy is beneficial in its therapy management. Anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy improves the effect of neo-adjuvant therapy in TNBC. (2) Methods: Immune-modulation and ferroptosis-related R-packages were developed for integrative omics analyses under ferroptosis-inducer treatments: TNBC cells stimulated with ferroptosis inducers (GSE173905, GSE154425), single cell data (GSE191246) and mass spectrometry on breast cancer stem cells. Clinical association analyses were carried out with breast tumors (TCGA and METABRIC cohorts). Protein-level validation was investigated through protein atlas proteome experiments. (3) Results: Erastin/RSL3 ferroptosis inducers upregulate CD274 in TNBC cells (MDA-MB-231 and HCC38). In breast cancer, CD274 expression is associated with overall survival. Breast tumors presenting high expression of CD274 upregulated some ferroptosis drivers associated with prognosis: IDO1, IFNG and TNFAIP3. At the protein level, the induction of Cd274 and Tnfaip3 was confirmed in breast cancer stem cells under salinomycin treatment. In a 4T1 tumor treated with cyclophosphamide, the single cell expression of Cd274 was found to increase both in myeloid- and lymphoid-infiltrated cells, independently of its receptor Pdcd1. The CD274 ferroptosis-driver score computed on a breast tumor transcriptome stratified patients on their prognosis: low score was observed in the basal subgroup, with a higher level of recurrent risk scores (oncotypeDx, ggi and gene70 scores). In the METABRIC cohort, CD274, IDO1, IFNG and TNFAIP3 were found to be overexpressed in the TNBC subgroup. The CD274 ferroptosis-driver score was found to be associated with overall survival, independently of TNM classification and age diagnosis. The tumor expression of CD274, TNFAIP3, IFNG and IDO1, in a biopsy of breast ductal carcinoma, was confirmed at the protein level (4) Conclusions: Ferroptosis inducers upregulate PD-L1 in TNBC cells, known to be an effective target of immunotherapy in high-risk early TNBC patients who received neo-adjuvant therapy. Basal and TNBC tumors highly expressed CD274 and ferroptosis drivers: IFNG, TNFAIP3 and IDO1. The CD274 ferroptosis-driver score is associated with prognosis and to the risk of recurrence in breast cancer. A potential synergy of ferroptosis inducers with anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy is suggested for recurrent TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Desterke
- UFR Médecine-INSERM UMRS1310, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Yao Xiang
- INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, F-75015 Paris, France; (Y.X.); (R.E.); (C.D.); (Y.C.)
| | - Rima Elhage
- INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, F-75015 Paris, France; (Y.X.); (R.E.); (C.D.); (Y.C.)
- Team 5/Ferostem Group, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Clémence Duruel
- INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, F-75015 Paris, France; (Y.X.); (R.E.); (C.D.); (Y.C.)
- Team 5/Ferostem Group, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Yunhua Chang
- INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, F-75015 Paris, France; (Y.X.); (R.E.); (C.D.); (Y.C.)
| | - Ahmed Hamaï
- INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, F-75015 Paris, France; (Y.X.); (R.E.); (C.D.); (Y.C.)
- Team 5/Ferostem Group, F-75015 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang N, Li P, Sun X, Tong L, Dong X, Zhang X, Duan J, Sheng X, Xin H. TRIM21 mediates the synergistic effect of Olaparib and Sorafenib by degrading BRCA1 through ubiquitination in TNBC. NPJ Breast Cancer 2023; 9:85. [PMID: 37864041 PMCID: PMC10589312 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-023-00588-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous and aggressive type of breast cancer with a poor prognosis and a high recurrence rate. Chemotherapy is still the mainstay of treatment for cancer patients without a genetic BRCA mutation, despite the approval of Olaparib, an inhibitor of the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzyme. Tripartite motif containing-21 (TRIM21) is one of the TRIM family members that has been investigated in various types of cancer. Here, we found that a low TRIM21 expression level was correlated with poor overall survival of TNBC patients. Knockout of TRIM21 promoted the proliferation of TNBC cells in vivo and in vitro, as well as migratory and invasive capabilities in vitro. Importantly, breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) was identified as a ubiquitination substrate of TRIM21. It was confirmed that BRCA1 was upregulated after Olaparib treatment, which may explain the relative resistance of BRCA1-proficient TNBC cells to Olaparib. Moreover, Sorafenib, a standard treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma, increased the sensitivity of TNBC cells to Olaparib by promoting TRIM21-mediated ubiquitination degradation of BRCA1. Thus, a synergic effect of Olaparib and Sorafenib was found in vitro and in vivo. This combined treatment also aggravated DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis of TNBC cells. In summary, the findings verified the synergistic effect of Olaparib and Sorafenib and revealed TRIM21 as a potential target for TNBC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Huang
- Department of Pathology, Minhang Hospital & Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- PharmaLegacy Laboratories Co., Ltd, Shengrong Road No.388, Zhangjiang High-tech Park, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Pathology, Minhang Hospital & Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolin Sun
- Department of Pathology, Minhang Hospital & Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Tong
- PharmaLegacy Laboratories Co., Ltd, Shengrong Road No.388, Zhangjiang High-tech Park, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Dong
- Department of Pathology, Minhang Hospital & Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Minhang Hospital & Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jifeng Duan
- PharmaLegacy Laboratories Co., Ltd, Shengrong Road No.388, Zhangjiang High-tech Park, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xia Sheng
- Department of Pathology, Minhang Hospital & Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hong Xin
- Department of Pathology, Minhang Hospital & Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kaur J, Chandrashekar DS, Varga Z, Sobottka B, Janssen E, Gandhi K, Kowalski J, Kiraz U, Varambally S, Aneja R. Whole-Exome Sequencing Reveals High Mutational Concordance between Primary and Matched Recurrent Triple-Negative Breast Cancers. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1690. [PMID: 37761830 PMCID: PMC10531222 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a molecularly complex and heterogeneous breast cancer subtype with distinct biological features and clinical behavior. Although TNBC is associated with an increased risk of metastasis and recurrence, the molecular mechanisms underlying TNBC metastasis remain unclear. We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis of primary TNBC and paired recurrent tumors to investigate the genetic profile of TNBC. METHODS Genomic DNA extracted from 35 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 26 TNBC patients was subjected to WES. Of these, 15 were primary tumors that did not have recurrence, and 11 were primary tumors that had recurrence (nine paired primary and recurrent tumors). Tumors were analyzed for single-nucleotide variants and insertions/deletions. RESULTS The tumor mutational burden (TMB) was 7.6 variants/megabase in primary tumors that recurred (n = 9); 8.2 variants/megabase in corresponding recurrent tumors (n = 9); and 7.3 variants/megabase in primary tumors that did not recur (n = 15). MUC3A was the most frequently mutated gene in all groups. Mutations in MAP3K1 and MUC16 were more common in our dataset. No alterations in PI3KCA were detected in our dataset. CONCLUSIONS We found similar mutational profiles between primary and paired recurrent tumors, suggesting that genomic features may be retained during local recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Kaur
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA;
| | - Darshan S. Chandrashekar
- Department of Pathology—Molecular and Cellular, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (D.S.C.); (S.V.)
| | - Zsuzsanna Varga
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (Z.V.); (B.S.)
| | - Bettina Sobottka
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (Z.V.); (B.S.)
| | - Emiel Janssen
- Department of Pathology, Stavanger University Hospital, Health Stavanger HF, 4068 Stavanger, Norway; (E.J.); (U.K.)
| | - Khanjan Gandhi
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Jeanne Kowalski
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
| | - Umay Kiraz
- Department of Pathology, Stavanger University Hospital, Health Stavanger HF, 4068 Stavanger, Norway; (E.J.); (U.K.)
| | - Sooryanarayana Varambally
- Department of Pathology—Molecular and Cellular, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (D.S.C.); (S.V.)
| | - Ritu Aneja
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA;
- Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lee RS, Sad K, Fawwal DV, Spangle JM. Emerging Role of Epigenetic Modifiers in Breast Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Response. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4005. [PMID: 37568822 PMCID: PMC10417282 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15154005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer pathogenesis, treatment, and patient outcomes are shaped by tumor-intrinsic genomic alterations that divide breast tumors into molecular subtypes. These molecular subtypes often dictate viable therapeutic interventions and, ultimately, patient outcomes. However, heterogeneity in therapeutic response may be a result of underlying epigenetic features that may further stratify breast cancer patient outcomes. In this review, we examine non-genetic mechanisms that drive functional changes to chromatin in breast cancer to contribute to cell and tumor fitness and highlight how epigenetic activity may inform the therapeutic response. We conclude by providing perspectives on the future of therapeutic targeting of epigenetic enzymes, an approach that holds untapped potential to improve breast cancer patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Sean Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (R.S.L.); (K.S.); (D.V.F.)
- Department of Biology, Emory College, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kirti Sad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (R.S.L.); (K.S.); (D.V.F.)
| | - Dorelle V. Fawwal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (R.S.L.); (K.S.); (D.V.F.)
- Biochemistry, Cell & Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30311, USA
| | - Jennifer Marie Spangle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (R.S.L.); (K.S.); (D.V.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
El Hejjioui B, Lamrabet S, Amrani Joutei S, Senhaji N, Bouhafa T, Malhouf MA, Bennis S, Bouguenouch L. New Biomarkers and Treatment Advances in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13111949. [PMID: 37296801 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13111949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a specific subtype of breast cancer lacking hormone receptor expression and HER2 gene amplification. TNBC represents a heterogeneous subtype of breast cancer, characterized by poor prognosis, high invasiveness, high metastatic potential, and a tendency to relapse. In this review, the specific molecular subtypes and pathological aspects of triple-negative breast cancer are illustrated, with particular attention to the biomarker characteristics of TNBC, namely: regulators of cell proliferation and migration and angiogenesis, apoptosis-regulating proteins, regulators of DNA damage response, immune checkpoints, and epigenetic modifications. This paper also focuses on omics approaches to exploring TNBC, such as genomics to identify cancer-specific mutations, epigenomics to identify altered epigenetic landscapes in cancer cells, and transcriptomics to explore differential mRNA and protein expression. Moreover, updated neoadjuvant treatments for TNBC are also mentioned, underlining the role of immunotherapy and novel and targeted agents in the treatment of TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brahim El Hejjioui
- Biomedical and Translational Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30050, Morocco
- Department of Medical Genetics and Oncogenetics, HASSAN II University Hospital, Fez 30050, Morocco
| | - Salma Lamrabet
- Biomedical and Translational Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30050, Morocco
| | - Sarah Amrani Joutei
- Department of Radiotherapy, HASSAN II University Hospital, Fez 30050, Morocco
| | - Nadia Senhaji
- Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Meknès 50000, Morocco
| | - Touria Bouhafa
- Department of Radiotherapy, HASSAN II University Hospital, Fez 30050, Morocco
| | | | - Sanae Bennis
- Biomedical and Translational Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30050, Morocco
| | - Laila Bouguenouch
- Department of Medical Genetics and Oncogenetics, HASSAN II University Hospital, Fez 30050, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mustafa Karim A, Eun Kwon J, Ali T, Jang J, Ullah I, Lee YG, Won Park D, Park J, Woo Jeang J, Chan Kang S. Triple-negative breast cancer: epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, and modern vaccine-based treatment strategies. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 212:115545. [PMID: 37044296 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Long-standing scarcity of efficacious treatments and tumor heterogeneity have contributed to triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a subtype with a poor prognosis and aggressive behavior that accounts for 10-15% of all new cases of breast cancer. TNBC is characterized by the absence of progesterone and estrogen receptor expression and lacks gene amplification or overexpression of HER2. Genomic sequencing has detected that the unique mutational profile of both the somatic and germline modifications in TNBC is staggeringly dissimilar from other breast tumor subtypes. The clinical utility of sequencing germline BRCA1/2 genes has been well established in TNBC. Nevertheless, reports regarding the penetrance and risk of other susceptibility genes are relatively scarce. Recurring mutations (e.g., TP53 and PI3KCA mutations) occur together with rare mutations in TNBC, and the shared effects of genomic modifications drive its progression. Given the heterogeneity and complexity of this disease, a clinical understanding of the genomic modifications in TNBC can pave an innovative way toward its therapy. In this review, we summarized the most recent discoveries associated with the underlying biology of developmental signaling pathways in TNBC. We also summarize the recent advancements in genetics and epidemiology and discuss state-of-the-art vaccine-based therapeutic strategies for TNBC that will enable tailored therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asad Mustafa Karim
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Eun Kwon
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Tanveer Ali
- Department of Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Jinsoo Jang
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yeong-Geun Lee
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Park
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Juha Park
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Jeang
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, 17104, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nguyen HM, Paulishak W, Oladejo M, Wood L. Dynamic tumor microenvironment, molecular heterogeneity, and distinct immunologic portrait of triple-negative breast cancer: an impact on classification and treatment approaches. Breast Cancer 2023; 30:167-186. [PMID: 36399321 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-022-01415-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the lack of a definite targetable receptor in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has carved a niche for this cancer as a particularly therapeutically challenging form of breast cancer. However, recent advances in high-throughput genomic analysis have provided new insights into the unique microenvironment and defining characteristics of various subsets of TNBC. This improved understanding has contributed to the development of novel therapeutic strategies including targeted therapies such as PARP inhibitors and CDK inhibitors. Moreover, the recent FDA approval of the immune checkpoint inhibitor against programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), pembrolizumab and atezolizumab, holds the promise of improving the quality of life and increasing the overall survival of TNBC patients. This recent approval is one of the many therapeutically novel strategies that are currently being exploited in clinical trials toward eventual contribution to the oncologist's toolbox against TNBC. In this review, we comprehensively discuss TNBC's distinct TME and its immunophenotype. Furthermore, we highlight the histological and molecular classification of this cancer. More importantly, we describe how these characteristics and classifications contribute to the current standards of care and how they steer the development of newer and more targeted therapies toward achieving peak therapeutic goals in the treatment of TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-My Nguyen
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Abilene, TX, 79601, USA
| | - Wyatt Paulishak
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Abilene, TX, 79601, USA
| | - Mariam Oladejo
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Abilene, TX, 79601, USA
| | - Laurence Wood
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Abilene, TX, 79601, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Phenotypic Marker Evaluation in Human, Canine, and Feline Mammary Gland Tumors. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050878. [PMID: 36899736 PMCID: PMC10000046 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process by which epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal properties. EMT has been closely associated with cancer cell aggressiveness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mRNA and protein expression of EMT-associated markers in mammary tumors of humans (HBC), dogs (CMT), and cats (FMT). Real-time qPCR for SNAIL, TWIST, and ZEB, and immunohistochemistry for E-cadherin, vimentin, CD44, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), ERBB2, Ki-67, cytokeratin (CK) 8/18, CK5/6, and CK14 were performed. Overall, SNAIL, TWIST, and ZEB mRNA was lower in tumors than in healthy tissues. Vimentin was higher in triple-negative HBC (TNBC) and FMTs than in ER+ HBC and CMTs (p < 0.001). Membranous E-cadherin was higher in ER+ than in TNBCs (p < 0.001), whereas cytoplasmic E-cadherin was higher in TNBCs when compared with ER+ HBC (p < 0.001). A negative correlation between membranous and cytoplasmic E-cadherin was found in all three species. Ki-67 was higher in FMTs than in CMTs (p < 0.001), whereas CD44 was higher in CMTs than in FMTs (p < 0.001). These results confirmed a potential role of some markers as indicators of EMT, and suggested similarities between ER+ HBC and CMTs, and between TNBC and FMTs.
Collapse
|
12
|
Lu B, Natarajan E, Balaji Raghavendran HR, Markandan UD. Molecular Classification, Treatment, and Genetic Biomarkers in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Review. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338221145246. [PMID: 36601658 PMCID: PMC9829998 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221145246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy and the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality in women. Triple-negative breast cancers do not express estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and have a higher recurrence rate, greater metastatic potential, and lower overall survival rate than those of other breast cancers. Treatment of triple-negative breast cancer is challenging; molecular-targeted therapies are largely ineffective and there is no standard treatment. In this review, we evaluate current attempts to classify triple-negative breast cancers based on their molecular features. We also describe promising treatment methods with different advantages and discuss genetic biomarkers and other prediction tools. Accurate molecular classification of triple-negative breast cancers is critical for patient risk categorization, treatment decisions, and surveillance. This review offers new ideas for more effective treatment of triple-negative breast cancer and identifies novel targets for drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boya Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
Technology and Built Environment, UCSI University,
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,Boya Lu, MD, Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Technology and Built Environment, UCSI
University, No 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights (Taman Connaught), Cheras,
56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Elango Natarajan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
Technology and Built Environment, UCSI University,
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hanumantha Rao Balaji Raghavendran
- Faculty of Clinical Research, Central Research Facility, Sri
Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu,
India
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fan M, Gao J, Zhou L, Xue W, Wang Y, Chen J, Li W, Yu Y, Liu B, Shen Y, Xu Q. Highly expressed SERCA2 triggers tumor cell autophagy and is a druggable vulnerability in triple-negative breast cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:4407-4423. [PMID: 36561988 PMCID: PMC9764070 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance remains a major obstacle to successful treatment of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Identification of druggable vulnerabilities is an important aim for TNBC therapy. Here, we report that SERCA2 expression correlates with TNBC progression in human patients, which promotes TNBC cell proliferation, migration and chemoresistance. Mechanistically, SERCA2 interacts with LC3B via LIR motif, facilitating WIPI2-independent autophagosome formation to induce autophagy. Autophagy-mediated SERCA2 degradation induces SERCA2 transactivation through a Ca2+/CaMKK/CREB-1 feedback. Moreover, we found that SERCA2-targeting small molecule RL71 enhances SERCA2-LC3B interaction and induces excessive autophagic cell death. The increase in SERCA2 expression predisposes TNBC cells to RL71-induced autophagic cell death in vitro and in vivo. This study elucidates a mechanism by which TNBC cells maintain their high autophagy activity to induce chemoresistance, and suggests increased SERCA2 expression as a druggable vulnerability for TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China,The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenwen Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jingwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wuhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China,Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 25 89687620.
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China,Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 25 89687620.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zheng YZ, Liu Y, Deng ZH, Liu GW, Xie N. Determining prognostic factors and optimal surgical intervention for early-onset triple-negative breast cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:910765. [PMID: 36387138 PMCID: PMC9650239 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.910765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies have focused specifically on prognostic factors and optimal surgical intervention for early-onset triple-negative breast cancer (eTNBC), which is characterized by high malignancy and poor prognosis. Methods We performed a cohort study with a median follow-up of 31 months using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data of patients diagnosed with stages I–III eTNBC between 2010 and 2016. In addition, we collected cases between 2006 and 2016 from our center as an external validation set. Clinical features, pathologic characteristics and oncologic outcomes were analyzed. Prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) were determined by Cox proportional hazards analyses and were incorporated into the prognostic nomogram. Subgroup analysis based on propensity score matching method was conducted to explore the subset of patients that would benefit from breast-conserving therapy (BCT). Results Based on SEER dataset, patients with eTNBC were more likely to undergo mastectomy than BCT. On multivariable analysis, patients with better survival outcomes were those not married, uninsured, had higher T and N stage, and had histological type of mixed invasive ductal and lobular carcinoma. The prognostic nomogram based on these variables successfully predicted the 3- and 5-year BCSS (C-index in training cohort, 0.774; in validation cohort from SEER, 0.768; in validation cohort from our center, 0.723). Subgroup analysis illustrated that patients with T1N0M0 or T2-4N+M0 tumors who underwent BCT achieved longer overall survival than those who underwent mastectomy (for T1N0M0, P = 0.022; for T2-4N+M0, P = 0.003); however, the type of surgery did not influence OS among patients with T1N+M0 or T2-4N0M0 tumors (for T1N+M0, P = 0.305; for T2-4N0M0, P = 0.317). Conclusions The prognosis of patients with eTNBC is mainly affected by marital status, insurance status, T stage, N stage and histological type. The prognostic nomogram based on these factors is quite reliable. Subgroup analysis suggested that BCT may be a superior option for patients with eTNBC, especially those with T1N0M0 and T2-4N+M0 tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zi Zheng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shenzhen Breast Tumor Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Ni Xie, ; Yi-Zi Zheng,
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Infection Prevention and Control, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen-Han Deng
- Department of Sports Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Guo-Wen Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shenzhen Breast Tumor Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ni Xie
- Biobank, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Ni Xie, ; Yi-Zi Zheng,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Luo L, Wei Q, Xu C, Dong M, Zhao W. Immune landscape and risk prediction based on pyroptosis-related molecular subtypes in triple-negative breast cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:933703. [PMID: 36189269 PMCID: PMC9524227 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.933703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The survival outcome of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains poor, with difficulties still existing in prognosis assessment and patient stratification. Pyroptosis, a newly discovered form of programmed cell death, is involved in cancer pathogenesis and progression. The role of pyroptosis in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of TNBC has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we disclosed global alterations in 58 pyroptosis-related genes at somatic mutation and transcriptional levels in TNBC samples collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Based on the expression patterns of genes related to pyroptosis, we identified two molecular subtypes that harbored different TME characteristics and survival outcomes. Then, based on differentially expressed genes between two subtypes, we established a 12-gene score with robust efficacy in predicting short- and long-term overall survival of TNBC. Patients at low risk exhibited a significantly better prognosis, more antitumor immune cell infiltration, and higher expression of immune checkpoints including PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, and LAG3. The comprehensive analysis of the immune landscape in TNBC indicated that alterations in pyroptosis-related genes were closely related to the formation of the immune microenvironment and the intensity of the anticancer response. The 12-gene score provided new information on the risk stratification and immunotherapy strategy for highly heterogeneous patients with TNBC.
Collapse
|
16
|
Ribeiro R, Carvalho MJ, Goncalves J, Moreira JN. Immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer: Insights into tumor immune landscape and therapeutic opportunities. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:903065. [PMID: 36060249 PMCID: PMC9437219 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.903065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a clinically aggressive subtype of breast cancer that represents 15-20% of breast tumors and is more prevalent in young pre-menopausal women. It is the subtype of breast cancers with the highest metastatic potential and recurrence at the first 5 years after diagnosis. In addition, mortality increases when a complete pathological response is not achieved. As TNBC cells lack estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors, patients do not respond well to hormone and anti-HER2 therapies, and conventional chemotherapy remains the standard treatment. Despite efforts to develop targeted therapies, this disease continues to have a high unmet medical need, and there is an urgent demand for customized diagnosis and therapeutics. As immunotherapy is changing the paradigm of anticancer treatment, it arises as an alternative treatment for TNBC patients. TNBC is classified as an immunogenic subtype of breast cancer due to its high levels of tumor mutational burden and presence of immune cell infiltrates. This review addresses the implications of these characteristics for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of the disease. Herein, the role of immune gene signatures and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes as biomarkers in TNBC is reviewed, identifying their application in patient diagnosis and stratification, as well as predictors of efficacy. The expression of PD-L1 expression is already considered to be predictive of response to checkpoint inhibitor therapy, but the challenges regarding its value as biomarker are described. Moreover, the rationales for different formats of immunotherapy against TNBC currently under clinical research are discussed, and major clinical trials are highlighted. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated clinical benefit, particularly in early-stage tumors and when administered in combination with chemotherapy, with several regimens approved by the regulatory authorities. The success of antibody-drug conjugates and research on other emerging approaches, such as vaccines and cell therapies, will also be addressed. These advances give hope on the development of personalized, more effective, and safe treatments, which will improve the survival and quality of life of patients with TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Ribeiro
- CNC—Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine (Polo 1), Coimbra, Portugal
- iMed.ULisboa—Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Univ Coimbra—University of Coimbra, CIBB, Faculty of Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria João Carvalho
- Univ Coimbra—University of Coimbra, CIBB, Faculty of Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal
- CHUC—Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Department of Gynaecology, Coimbra, Portugal
- Univ Coimbra—University Clinic of Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- iCBR—Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CACC—Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Goncalves
- iMed.ULisboa—Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Nuno Moreira
- CNC—Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine (Polo 1), Coimbra, Portugal
- Univ Coimbra—University of Coimbra, CIBB, Faculty of Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Green-Tripp G, Nattress C, Halldén G. Targeting Triple Negative Breast Cancer With Oncolytic Adenoviruses. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:901392. [PMID: 35813830 PMCID: PMC9263221 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.901392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer globally, accounting for 685,000 deaths in 2020. Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) lack oestrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) hormone receptor expression and HER2 overexpression. TNBC represent 10–15% of all BC with high incidence in women under 50-years old that have BRCA mutations, and have a dismal prognosis. African American and Hispanic women are at higher risk partly due to the common occurrence of BRCA mutations. The standard treatment for TNBC includes surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy although, resistance to all standard-of-care therapies eventually develops. It is crucial to identify and develop more efficacious therapeutics with different mechanisms of action to improve on survival in these women. Recent findings with oncolytic adenoviruses (OAds) may generate a new strategy to improve on the outcomes for women afflicted by TNBC and other types of BC. OAds are genetically engineered to selectively lyse, eliminate and recruit the host antitumour immune responses, leaving normal cells unharmed. The most common modifications are deletions in the early gene products including the E1B55 KDa protein, specific regions of the E1A protein, or insertion of tumour-specific promoters. Clinical trials using OAds for various adenocarcinomas have not yet been sufficiently evaluated in BC patients. Preclinical studies demonstrated efficacy in BC cell lines, including TNBC cells, with promising novel adenoviral mutants. Here we review the results reported for the most promising OAds in preclinical studies and clinical trials administered alone and in combination with current standard of care or with novel therapeutics. Combinations of OAds with small molecule drugs targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), androgen receptor (AR), and DNA damage repair by the novel PARP inhibitors are currently under investigation with reported enhanced efficacy. The combination of the PARP-inhibitor Olaparib with OAds showed an impressive anti-tumour effect. The most promising findings to date are with OAds in combination with antibodies towards the immune checkpoints or expression of cytokines from the viral backbone. Although safety and efficacy have been demonstrated in numerous clinical trials and preclinical studies with cancer-selective OAds, further developments are needed to eliminate metastatic lesions, increase immune activation and intratumoural viral spread. We discuss shortcomings of the OAds and potential solutions for improving on patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Green-Tripp
- Centre for Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Callum Nattress
- Centre for Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Cell Communication Lab, Department of Oncology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gunnel Halldén
- Centre for Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Gunnel Halldén,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hercules SM, Liu X, Bassey-Archibong BBI, Skeete DHA, Smith Connell S, Daramola A, Banjo AA, Ebughe G, Agan T, Ekanem IO, Udosen J, Obiorah C, Ojule AC, Misauno MA, Dauda AM, Egbujo EC, Hercules JC, Ansari A, Brain I, MacColl C, Xu Y, Jin Y, Chang S, Carpten JD, Bédard A, Pond GR, Blenman KRM, Manojlovic Z, Daniel JM. Analysis of the genomic landscapes of Barbadian and Nigerian women with triple negative breast cancer. Cancer Causes Control 2022; 33:831-841. [PMID: 35384527 PMCID: PMC9085672 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-022-01574-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype that disproportionately affects women of African ancestry (WAA) and is often associated with poor survival. Although there is a high prevalence of TNBC across West Africa and in women of the African diaspora, there has been no comprehensive genomics study to investigate the mutational profile of ancestrally related women across the Caribbean and West Africa. METHODS This multisite cross-sectional study used 31 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples from Barbadian and Nigerian TNBC participants. High-resolution whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on the Barbadian and Nigerian TNBC samples to identify their mutational profiles and comparisons were made to African American, European American and Asian American sequencing data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Whole exome sequencing was conducted on tumors with an average of 382 × coverage and 4335 × coverage for pooled germline non-tumor samples. RESULTS Variants detected at high frequency in our WAA cohorts were found in the following genes NBPF12, PLIN4, TP53 and BRCA1. In the TCGA TNBC cases, these genes had a lower mutation rate, except for TP53 (32% in our cohort; 63% in TCGA-African American; 67% in TCGA-European American; 63% in TCGA-Asian). For all altered genes, there were no differences in frequency of mutations between WAA TNBC groups including the TCGA-African American cohort. For copy number variants, high frequency alterations were observed in PIK3CA, TP53, FGFR2 and HIF1AN genes. CONCLUSION This study provides novel insights into the underlying genomic alterations in WAA TNBC samples and shines light on the importance of inclusion of under-represented populations in cancer genomics and biomarker studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M. Hercules
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
- African Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Xiyu Liu
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | | | - Desiree H. A. Skeete
- African Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Philadelphia, PA USA
- grid.412886.10000 0004 0592 769XFaculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies at Cave Hill, Bridgetown, Barbados
- grid.415521.60000 0004 0570 5165Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Suzanne Smith Connell
- grid.412886.10000 0004 0592 769XFaculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies at Cave Hill, Bridgetown, Barbados
- grid.415521.60000 0004 0570 5165Department of Radiation Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Bridgetown, Barbados
- Present Address: Cancer Specialists Inc, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Adetola Daramola
- grid.411283.d0000 0000 8668 7085Department of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Adekunbiola A. Banjo
- grid.411283.d0000 0000 8668 7085Department of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Godwin Ebughe
- grid.413097.80000 0001 0291 6387Department of Pathology, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Thomas Agan
- grid.413097.80000 0001 0291 6387Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Ima-Obong Ekanem
- grid.413097.80000 0001 0291 6387Department of Pathology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Joe Udosen
- grid.413097.80000 0001 0291 6387Division of General and Breast Surgery, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Christopher Obiorah
- grid.412738.bDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Aaron C. Ojule
- grid.412738.bDepartment of Chemical Pathology, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Michael A. Misauno
- grid.411946.f0000 0004 1783 4052Department of Surgery, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Ayuba M. Dauda
- grid.411946.f0000 0004 1783 4052Department of Pathology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | | | - Jevon C. Hercules
- grid.12916.3d0000 0001 2322 4996Department of Mathematics, University of the West Indies at Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233Present Address: Wang Yanan Institute for Studies in Economics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Amna Ansari
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Ian Brain
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Christine MacColl
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Yili Xu
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Yuxin Jin
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Sharon Chang
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - John D. Carpten
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - André Bédard
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Greg R. Pond
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Kim R. M. Blenman
- grid.433818.5Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Computer Science, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Zarko Manojlovic
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Juliet M. Daniel
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
- African Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Philadelphia, PA USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Espinoza I, Kurapaty C, Park CH, Vander Steen T, Kleer CG, Wiley E, Rademaker A, Cuyàs E, Verdura S, Buxó M, Reynolds C, Menendez JA, Lupu R. Depletion of CCN1/CYR61 reduces triple-negative/basal-like breast cancer aggressiveness. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:839-851. [PMID: 35261806 PMCID: PMC8899977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative/basal-like breast cancer (BC) is characterized by aggressive biological features, which allow relapse and metastatic spread to occur more frequently than in hormone receptor-positive (luminal) subtypes. The molecular complexity of triple-negative/basal-like BC poses major challenges for the implementation of targeted therapies, and chemotherapy remains the standard approach at all stages. The matricellular protein cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CCN1/CYR61) is associated with aggressive metastatic phenotypes and poor prognosis in BC, but it is unclear whether anti-CCN1 approaches can be successfully applied in triple-negative/basal-like BC. Herein, we first characterized the prevalence of CNN1 expression in matched samples of primary tumors and metastatic relapse in a series of patients with BC. We then investigated the biological effect of CCN1 depletion on tumorigenic traits in vitro and in vivo using archetypal TNBC cell lines. Immunohistochemical analyses of tissue microarrays revealed a significant increase of the highest CCN1 score in recurrent tissues of triple-negative/basal-like BC tumors. Stable silencing of CCN1 in triple-negative/basal-like BC cells promoted a marked reduction in the expression of the CCN1 integrin receptor αvβ3, inhibited anchorage-dependent cell growth, reduced clonogenicity, and impaired migration capacity. In an orthotopic model of triple-negative/basal-like BC, silencing of CCN1 notably reduced tumor burden, which was accompanied by decreased microvessel density and concurrent induction of the luminal epithelial marker E-cadherin. Thus, CNN1/CYR61-targeting strategies might have therapeutic value in suppressing the biological aggressiveness of triple-negative/basal-like BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Espinoza
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo ClinicRochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical CenterJackson, MS 39216, USA
- Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical CenterJackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Chandra Kurapaty
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo ClinicRochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Cheol-Hong Park
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo ClinicRochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Travis Vander Steen
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo ClinicRochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Celina G Kleer
- Department of Pathology, University of MichiganAnn Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wiley
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Alfred Rademaker
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Elisabet Cuyàs
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute17190 Salt, Girona, Spain
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism & Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology17007 Girona, Spain
| | - Sara Verdura
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute17190 Salt, Girona, Spain
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism & Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology17007 Girona, Spain
| | - Maria Buxó
- Statistical and Methodological Advice Unit, Girona Biomedical Research Institute17190 Salt, Girona, Spain
| | - Carol Reynolds
- Department of Pathology, Division of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo ClinicRochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Javier A Menendez
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute17190 Salt, Girona, Spain
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism & Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology17007 Girona, Spain
| | - Ruth Lupu
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo ClinicRochester, MN 55905, USA
- Mayo Clinic Cancer CenterRochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic MinnesotaRochester, MN 55905, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Loo SK, Yates ME, Yang S, Oesterreich S, Lee AV, Wang X. Fusion-Associated Carcinomas of the Breast: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Significance. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2022; 61:261-273. [PMID: 35106856 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent gene fusions comprise a class of viable genetic targets in solid tumors that have culminated several recent break-through cancer therapies. Their role in breast cancer, however, remains largely underappreciated due to the complexity of genomic rearrangements in breast malignancy. Just recently, we and others have identified several recurrent gene fusions in breast cancer with important clinical and biological implications. Examples of the most significant recurrent gene fusions to date include 1) ESR1-CCDC170 gene fusions in luminal B and endocrine resistant breast cancer that exert oncogenic function via modulating the HER2/HER3/SRC complex, 2) ESR1 exon 6 fusions in metastatic disease that drive estrogen-independent ER transcriptional activity, 3) BCL2L14-ETV6 fusions in a more aggressive form of the triple negative subtype that prime epithelial-mesenchymal transition and endow paclitaxel resistance, 4) the ETV6-NTRK3 fusion in secretory breast carcinoma that constitutively activates NTRK3 kinase, 5) the oncogenic MYB-NFIB fusion as a genetic driver underpinning adenoid cystic carcinomas of the breast that activates MYB pathway, and 6) the NOTCH/MAST kinase gene fusions that activate NOTCH and MAST signaling. Importantly, these fusions are enriched in more aggressive and lethal breast cancer presentations and appear to confer therapeutic resistance. Thus, these gene fusions could be utilized as genetic biomarkers to identify patients that require more intensive treatment and surveillance. In addition, kinase fusions are currently being evaluated in breast cancer clinical trials and on-going mechanistic investigation is exposing therapeutic vulnerabilities in patients with fusion positive disease. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suet Kee Loo
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Megan E Yates
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Integrative Systems Biology Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sichun Yang
- Center for Proteomics and Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Steffi Oesterreich
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adrian V Lee
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xiaosong Wang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hou K, Ning Z, Chen H, Wu Y. Nanomaterial Technology and Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 11:828810. [PMID: 35096628 PMCID: PMC8790081 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.828810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a malignant breast cancer subtype that is prone to progression, with high associated metastasis and five-year mortality rates and an overall poor prognosis. Chemotherapy is usually administered to treat TNBC without additional targeted therapies. Novel nanomaterials have a variety of excellent physical and chemical properties and biological functions (including targeting specificity), and contrast agents and drug delivery vectors based on nanotechnology are progressing towards a more accurate and targeted direction. This review discusses the mechanisms of action and prospects for the use of nanotechnology in the treatment of TNBC, thus providing potential new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hou
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zeng Ning
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiping Wu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ray SK, Mukherjee S. Epigenetic Reprogramming and Landscape of Transcriptomic Interactions: Impending Therapeutic Interference of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in Molecular Medicine. Curr Mol Med 2021; 22:835-850. [PMID: 34872474 DOI: 10.2174/1566524021666211206092437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms governing the development and progression of cancers are believed to be the consequence of hereditary deformities and epigenetic modifications. Accordingly, epigenetics has become an incredible and progressively explored field of research to discover better prevention and therapy for neoplasia, especially triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). It represents 15-20% of all invasive breast cancers and will, in general, have bellicose histological highlights and poor clinical outcomes. In the early phases of triple-negative breast carcinogenesis, epigenetic deregulation modifies chromatin structure and influences the plasticity of cells. It up-keeps the oncogenic reprogramming of malignant progenitor cells with the acquisition of unrestrained selfrenewal capacities. Genomic impulsiveness in TNBC prompts mutations, copy number variations, as well as genetic rearrangements, while epigenetic remodeling includes an amendment by DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs of gene expression profiles. It is currently evident that epigenetic mechanisms assume a significant part in the pathogenesis, maintenance, and therapeutic resistance of TNBC. Although TNBC is a heterogeneous malaise that is perplexing to describe and treat, the ongoing explosion of genetic and epigenetic research will help to expand these endeavors. Latest developments in transcriptome analysis have reformed our understanding of human diseases, including TNBC at the molecular medicine level. It is appealing to envision transcriptomic biomarkers to comprehend tumor behavior more readily regarding its cellular microenvironment. Understanding these essential biomarkers and molecular changes will propel our capability to treat TNBC adequately. This review will depict the different aspects of epigenetics and the landscape of transcriptomics in triple-negative breast carcinogenesis and their impending application for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment decision with the view of molecular medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sukhes Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry All India Institute of Medical Sciences. Bhopal, Madhya pradesh-462020. India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang L, Zhai Q, Lu Q, Lee K, Zheng Q, Hong R, Wang S. Clinical genomic profiling to identify actionable alterations for very early relapsed triple-negative breast cancer patients in the Chinese population. Ann Med 2021; 53:1358-1369. [PMID: 34396843 PMCID: PMC8381897 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1966086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents about 19% of all breast cancer cases in the Chinese population. Lack of targeted therapy contributes to the poorer outcomes compared with other breast cancer subtypes. Comprehensive genomic profiling helps to explore the clinically relevant genomic alterations (CRGAs) and potential therapeutic targets in very-early-relapsed TNBC patients. METHODS Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumour tissue specimens from 23 patients with very-early-relapsed TNBC and 13 patients with disease-free survival (DFS) more than 36 months were tested by FoundationOne CDx (F1CDx) in 324 genes and select gene rearrangements, along with genomic signatures including microsatellite instability (MSI) and tumour mutational burden (TMB). RESULTS In total, 137 CRGAs were detected in the 23 very-early-relapsed TNBC patients, averaging six alterations per sample. The mean TMB was 4 Muts/Mb, which was higher than that in non-recurrence patients, and is statistically significant. The top-ranked altered genes were TP53 (83%), PTEN (35%), RB1 (30%), PIK3CA (26%) and BRCA1 (22%). RB1 mutation carriers had shorter DFS. Notably, 100% of these patients had at least one CRGA, and 87% of patients had at least one actionable alteration. In pathway analysis, patients who carried a mutation in the cell cycle pathway were more likely to experience very early recurrence. Strikingly, we detected one patient with ERBB2 amplification and one patient with ERBB2 exon20 insertion, both of which were missed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). We also detected novel alterations of ROS1-EPHA7 fusion for the first time, which has not been reported in breast cancer before. CONCLUSIONS The comprehensive genomic profiling can identify novel treatment targets and address the limited options in TNBC patients. Therefore, incorporating F1CDx into TNBC may shed light on novel therapeutic opportunities for these very-early-relapsed TNBC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liye Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qinglian Zhai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qianyi Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Kaping Lee
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qiufan Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ruoxi Hong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shusen Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tian Y, Wu J, Zeng L, Zhou L, Hu Y, Pan Q, Liu W, Yan Y, Wu Z, Wang Z, Zeng Z, Tang P, Jiang J, Wang M. Huaier polysaccharides suppress triple-negative breast cancer metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by inducing autophagic degradation of Snail. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:170. [PMID: 34481526 PMCID: PMC8417980 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00682-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, and the targeted therapies are lacking for this type of cancer. We previously demonstrated that Huaier effectively improve 5-year OS and DFS in stage III TNBC patients, and the polysaccharides of Huaier (PS-T) have been identified as the major components of Huaier. However, the mechanisms of anti-tumor action of PS-T is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of PS-T on TNBC cell invasion and migration. Results This study showed that PS-T inhibited cell invasion and migration both in vitro and in vivo by inducing autophagy to suppress epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Autophagy inhibitor LY294002 or knockdown of ATG5 suppressed the inhibitory effects of PS-T. In addition, as a key transcription factor controlling EMT initiation, Snail was found to be degraded by PS-T induced autophagy. In addition, overexpression of Snail reversed the inhibitory effects of PS-T. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the expression of Snail was inversely correlated with LC3 and associated with poor prognosis using immunohistochemistry and TCGA database analysis, respectively. Conclusions This study demonstrated that PS-T could inhibit EMT in breast cancer cells by inducing autophagy to degrade Snail protein, thus improving the prognosis of TNBC, offering potential treatment alternatives for TNBC patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-021-00682-6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, 30# Gaotanyan street, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Department of General Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, 30# Gaotanyan street, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lingjuan Zeng
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, 30# Gaotanyan street, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Linxi Zhou
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, 30# Gaotanyan street, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, 30# Gaotanyan street, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qinwen Pan
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, 30# Gaotanyan street, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, 30# Gaotanyan street, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yuzhao Yan
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, 30# Gaotanyan street, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ziwei Wu
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, 30# Gaotanyan street, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhaoyu Wang
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, 30# Gaotanyan street, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhen Zeng
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, 30# Gaotanyan street, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Peng Tang
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, 30# Gaotanyan street, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Jun Jiang
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, 30# Gaotanyan street, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Minghao Wang
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, 30# Gaotanyan street, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ge J, Zuo W, Chen Y, Shao Z, Yu K. The advance of adjuvant treatment for triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 19:j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0752. [PMID: 34448553 PMCID: PMC8832962 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer characterized by its highly aggressive behavior, early recurrence, and poor outcomes, when compared with other subtypes. Due to the absence of the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression, TNBC lacks meaningful biomarkers and an effective therapeutic strategy. Chemotherapy remains the main adjuvant treatment for patients with TNBC. Anthracycline/taxane-based regimens are the standard of care in adjuvant settings. The addition of capecitabine or platinum may offer extra benefits to patients with TNBC, but at the cost of increased toxicity or adverse events. Dose-dense chemotherapy may enhance treatment efficacy in patients who are able to tolerate the treatment regimen, especially in high-risk patients. As a heterogenous disease, TNBC can be classified into several molecular subtypes according to genomic or transcriptional features, which may indicate potential targets for more precise and individualized treatment strategies. With our increased understanding of signal pathways associated with TNBC, as well as the discovery of novel biomarkers indicative of TNBC prognosis, several new therapeutic options are under investigation, and some have already reported good results. In this review, we summarized the current conventional therapeutic strategies and emerging clinical trials regarding adjuvant treatment for TNBC. Furthermore, we evaluated the prognostic value of several potential targets and the progress of targeted therapy in TNBC, both in neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Ge
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenjia Zuo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yiyu Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhiming Shao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Keda Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Maharjan S, Kwon YS, Lee MG, Lee KS, Nam KS. Cell cycle arrest-mediated cell death by morin in MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:1315-1327. [PMID: 33993438 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00272-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morin, a flavonoid extracted from Moraceace family and exhibits several pharmacological activities including anti-cancer activity. Although the anticancer activity of morin in breast cancer was estimated in some investigations, the pharmaceutical mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we investigated to unveil the detail signaling pathway in morin-treated in MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells. METHODS The cytotoxicity of morin in MDA-MB-231 cells was confirmed by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay and colony formation assay. Flow cytometry was performed to examine the cell cycle and cell death patterns and the protein expression and phosphorylation were detected by western blotting. RESULTS Our results showed that morin inhibited MDA-MB-231 cells proliferation in time and concentration-dependent manner. Morphological changes were observed when treated with various concentration of morin in MDA-MB-231 cells. In regard to protein expression, morin induced the phosphorylation of ERK and p-H2A.X and decreased the level of DNA repair markers, RAD51 and survivin. In addition, flow cytometry showed S and G2/M arrest by morin that was associated with the decrease in the protein expression of cyclin A2 and cyclin B1 and upregulation of p21. Interestingly, annexin V/PI staining result clearly showed that morin induced cell death without apoptosis. Furthermore, attenuated FoxM1 by morin was co-related with cell cycle regulators including p21, cyclin A2 and cyclin B1. CONCLUSION Taken together, our study indicates that morin-induced cell death of MDA-MB-231 is caused by sustained cell cycle arrest via the induction of p21 expression by activation of ERK and repression of FOXM1 signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Maharjan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Intractable Disease Research Center, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Suk Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Intractable Disease Research Center, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gu Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Intractable Disease Research Center, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Shik Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Intractable Disease Research Center, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Nam
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Intractable Disease Research Center, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chang A, Liu L, Ashby JM, Wu D, Chen Y, O'Neill SS, Huang S, Wang J, Wang G, Cheng D, Tan X, Petty WJ, Pasche BC, Xiang R, Zhang W, Sun P. Recruitment of KMT2C/MLL3 to DNA Damage Sites Mediates DNA Damage Responses and Regulates PARP Inhibitor Sensitivity in Cancer. Cancer Res 2021; 81:3358-3373. [PMID: 33853832 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
When recruited to promoters, histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferases KMT2 (KMT2A-D) activate transcription by opening chromatin through H3K4 methylation. Here, we report that KMT2 mutations occur frequently in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and are associated with high mutation loads and poor survival. KMT2C regulated DNA damage responses (DDR) through direct recruitment to DNA damage sites by Ago2 and small noncoding DNA damage response RNA, where it mediates H3K4 methylation, chromatin relaxation, secondary recruitment of DDR factors, and amplification of DDR signals along chromatin. Furthermore, by disrupting homologous recombination (HR)-mediated DNA repair, KMT2C/D mutations sensitized NSCLC to Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi), whose efficacy is unclear in NSCLC due to low BRCA1/2 mutation rates. These results demonstrate a novel, transcription-independent role of KMT2C in DDR and identify high-frequency KMT2C/D mutations as much-needed biomarkers for PARPi therapies in NSCLC and other cancers with infrequent BRCA1/2 mutations. SIGNIFICANCE: This study uncovers a critical role for KMT2C in DDR via direct recruitment to DNA damage sites, identifying high-frequency KMT2C/D mutations as biomarkers for response to PARP inhibition in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antao Chang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Center for Cancer Genomics and Precision Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Justin M Ashby
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Yanan Chen
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Stacey S O'Neill
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanwen Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongmei Cheng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Xiaoming Tan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Department of Respiratory Disease, South Campus, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - W J Petty
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Boris C Pasche
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Rong Xiang
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, North Carolina. .,Center for Cancer Genomics and Precision Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Peiqing Sun
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Koleckova M, Ehrmann J, Bouchal J, Janikova M, Brisudova A, Srovnal J, Staffova K, Svoboda M, Slaby O, Radova L, Vomackova K, Melichar B, Veverkova L, Kolar Z. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition and microRNA expression are associated with spindle and apocrine cell morphology in triple-negative breast cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5145. [PMID: 33664322 PMCID: PMC7933252 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84350-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) are a morphologically and genetically heterogeneous group of breast cancers with uncertain prediction of biological behavior and response to therapy. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a dynamic process characterized by loss of typical epithelial phenotype and acquisition of mesenchymal characteristics. Aberrant activation of EMT can aggravate the prognosis of patients with cancer, however, the mechanisms of EMT and role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in EMT activation is still unclear. The aim of our study was to analyze miRNA expression within areas of TNBCs with cellular morphology that may be related to the EMT process and discuss possible associations. Out of all 3953 re-examined breast cancers, 460 breast cancers were diagnosed as TNBC (11.64%). With regard to complete tumor morphology preservation, the tissue samples obtained from core—cut biopsies and influenced by previous neoadjuvant therapy were excluded. We assembled a set of selected 25 cases to determine miRNA expression levels in relation to present focal spindle cell and apocrine cell morphology within individual TNBCs. We used descriptive (histological typing and morphology), morphometric, molecular (microdissection of tumor and non-tumor morphologies, RNA isolation and purification, microchip analysis) and bioinformatic analysis (including pathway analysis). The results were verified by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) on an extended set of 70 TNBCs. The majority of TNBCs were represented by high—grade invasive carcinomas of no special type (NST) with medullary features characterized by well-circumscribed tumors with central necrosis or fibrosis and frequent tendency to spindle-cell and/or apocrine cell transformation. Apocrine and spindle cell transformation showed a specific miRNA expression profile in comparison to other tumor parts, in situ carcinoma or non-tumor structures, particularly down-regulated expression of hsa-miRNA-143-3p and hsa-miRNA-205-5p and up-regulated expression of hsa-miR-22-3p, hsa-miRNA-185-5p, and hsa-miR-4443. Apocrine cell tumor morphology further revealed decreased expression of hsa-miR-145-5p and increased expression of additional 14 miRNAs (e.g. hsa-miR-182-5p, hsa-miR-3135b and hsa-miR-4417). Pathway analysis for target genes of these miRNAs revealed several shared biological processes (i.e. Wnt signaling, ErbB signaling, MAPK signaling, endocytosis and axon guidance), which may in part contribute to the EMT and tumor progression. We provide the first miRNA expression profiling of specific tissue morphologies in TNBC. Our results demonstrate a specific miRNA expression profile of apocrine and spindle cell morphology which can exhibit a certain similarity with the EMT process and may also be relevant for prognosis and therapy resistance of TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Koleckova
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Ehrmann
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Bouchal
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic. .,Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Maria Janikova
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Brisudova
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Srovnal
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Staffova
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Svoboda
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Radova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katherine Vomackova
- Department of Surgery I, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Bohuslav Melichar
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Veverkova
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Kolar
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic. .,Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Distinct Somatic Alteration Features Identified by Gene Panel Sequencing in Korean Triple-Negative Breast Cancer with High Ki67 Expression. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11030416. [PMID: 33804295 PMCID: PMC8000916 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to clarify the genetic difference between Korean triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and other breast cancer (BC) subtypes. TNBC was defined as the absence of hormonal receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) amplification. DNA panel of the Ion Torrent Oncomine Comprehensive Assay (OCA) v3 was performed to identify somatic alteration in 48 specimens. In a total of 102 alterations (37 nonsense, 35 missense, 8 frameshift and 22 amplifications), 30 nucleotide alterations (24 nonsense, 1 missense, and 5 frameshift) were newly identified. The eight most commonly altered genes were PIK3CA, TP53, ERBB2, BRCA2, FANCD2, AKT1, BRCA1, and FANCA. TNBC had significantly lower mutation frequency in PIK3CA (TNBC vs. hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative BC [HRPBC], p = 0.009), but higher mutation frequency in TP53 (TNBC vs. HRPBC, p = 0.036; TNBC vs. hormone receptor-positive and HER2- positive BC [HHPBC], p = 0.004). TNBC showed frequently higher Ki-67 expression than any positive BC (p = 0.004) due to HRPBC (p < 0.001). TNBC with high Ki-67/unmutated PIK3CA/mutated TP53 appears at a younger age (52.2 ± 7.6 years), compared to other subtypes (63.7 ± 11.0 years). TNBC with high Ki-67/unmutated PIK3CA/mutated TP53 may be related to relatively early onset BCThese findings demonstrate the genomic heterogeneity between TNBC and other BC subtypes and could present a new approach for molecular targeted therapy in TNBC patients.
Collapse
|
30
|
Song D, He H, Sinha I, Hases L, Yan F, Archer A, Haldosen LA, Zhao C, Williams C. Blocking Fra-1 sensitizes triple-negative breast cancer to PARP inhibitor. Cancer Lett 2021; 506:23-34. [PMID: 33652085 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The AP-1 member Fra-1 is overexpressed in TNBC and plays crucial roles in tumor progression and treatment resistance. In a previous large-scale screen, we identified PARP1 to be among 118 proteins that interact with endogenous chromatin-bound Fra-1 in TNBC cells. PARP1 inhibitor (olaparib) is currently in clinical use for treatment of BRCA-mutated TNBC breast cancer. Here, we demonstrate that the Fra-1-PARP1 interaction impacts the efficacy of olaparib treatment. We show that PARP1 interacts with and downregulates Fra-1, thereby reducing AP-1 transcriptional activity. Olaparib treatment, or silencing of PARP1, consequently, increases Fra-1 levels and enhances its transcriptional activity. Increased Fra-1 can have adverse effect, including treatment resistance. We also found that a large fraction of PARP1-regulated genes was dependent on Fra-1. We show that by inhibiting Fra-1/AP-1, non-BRCA-mutated TNBC cells can become sensitized to olaparib treatment. We identify that high PARP1 expression is indicative of a poor clinical outcome in breast cancer patients overall (P = 0.01), but not for HER-2 positive patients. In conclusion, by exploring the functionality of the Fra-1 and PARP1 interaction, we propose that targeting Fra-1 could serve as a combinatory therapeutic approach to improve olaparib treatment outcome for TNBC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Song
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, S-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Huan He
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Indranil Sinha
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Linnea Hases
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, S-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, CBH, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden.
| | - Feifei Yan
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, S-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Amena Archer
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, CBH, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden.
| | - Lars-Arne Haldosen
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, S-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Chunyan Zhao
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, S-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Cecilia Williams
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, S-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, CBH, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ye F, He M, Huang L, Lang G, Hu X, Shao Z, Di G, Cao A. Insights Into the Impacts of BRCA Mutations on Clinicopathology and Management of Early-Onset Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 10:574813. [PMID: 33505905 PMCID: PMC7829963 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.574813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known regarding the clinicopathologic characteristics, oncologic outcomes, and treatment strategies that could be ascribed to BRCA mutation in early-onset triple-negative breast cancer (eTNBC). Methods eTNBC patients who underwent BRCA genetic testing were derived from our clinical database between 2012 and 2018. Differences in clinical features and pathologic characteristics were examined in groups divided by BRCA mutation status, and the contribution of germline mutations in conjunction with treatment modalities to survival outcomes was determined. Results Of the 355 qualifying eTNBC patients, 67 (18.87%) were BRCA mutated and 288 (81.13%) were BRCA wild. Overall, median age at diagnosis was 34 years (range, 24-40 years) in the BRCA mutated subgroup and 35 years (range, 21-40 years) in BRCA wild. The majority of clinicopathologic parameters were parallel; however, tumor size (P = 0.07) and nuclear grade (P =0.08) tend to be more aggressive in the BRCA mutated subgroup. Compared with BRCA wild patients, BRCA mutated patients had a higher likelihood of receiving anthracyclines and taxane-based combination chemotherapy (P = 0.04) and tend to be lower tumor burden (P =0.01). After approximately 5-year median follow-up, the overall survival (OS) (P = 0.021) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) (P = 0.004) in BRCA mutated patients were superior to those in their BRCA wild counterparts. Intriguingly, the clinical outcomes were comparable in patients with breast conserving surgery (BCS) regardless of BRCA mutations and in patients with BRCA mutations in spite of surgical schedules. Conclusions These results suggest that eTNBC patients with BRCA mutations are prone to better OS and BCSS, which might be largely attributed to more benefit from anthracyclines and taxane-based chemotherapy. The BCS procedure could be a safe alternative surgical option for eTNBC patients with BRCA mutations. Future studies with substantial numbers of participants are urgently needed to validate whether BRCA mutation eTNBC patients are more sensitive to chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fugui Ye
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Min He
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Guantian Lang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhimin Shao
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Genhong Di
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ayong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chang X, Sun D, Shi D, Wang G, Chen Y, Zhang K, Tan H, Liu J, Liu B, Ouyang L. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of quinazolin-4(3 H)-one derivatives co-targeting poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 and bromodomain containing protein 4 for breast cancer therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:156-180. [PMID: 33532187 PMCID: PMC7838034 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to design the first dual-target small-molecule inhibitor co-targeting poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) and bromodomain containing protein 4 (BRD4), which had important cross relation in the global network of breast cancer, reflecting the synthetic lethal effect. A series of new BRD4 and PARP1 dual-target inhibitors were discovered and synthesized by fragment-based combinatorial screening and activity assays that together led to the chemical optimization. Among these compounds, 19d was selected and exhibited micromole enzymatic potencies against BRD4 and PARP1, respectively. Compound 19d was further shown to efficiently modulate the expression of BRD4 and PARP1. Subsequently, compound 19d was found to induce breast cancer cell apoptosis and stimulate cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. Following pharmacokinetic studies, compound 19d showed its antitumor activity in breast cancer susceptibility gene 1/2 (BRCA1/2) wild-type MDA-MB-468 and MCF-7 xenograft models without apparent toxicity and loss of body weight. These results together demonstrated that a highly potent dual-targeted inhibitor was successfully synthesized and indicated that co-targeting of BRD4 and PARP1 based on the concept of synthetic lethality would be a promising therapeutic strategy for breast cancer.
Collapse
Key Words
- BC, breast cancer
- BET, bromodomain and extra-terminal domain
- BRCA1/2, breast cancer susceptibility gene 1/2
- BRD4
- BRD4, bromodomain 4
- CDK4/6, cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6
- DSB, DNA double-strand break
- Dual-target inhibitor
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- ELISA, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
- ER, estrogen receptor
- ESI-HR-MS, high-resolution mass spectra
- FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I
- HE, hematoxylin-eosin
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- HR, homologous recombination
- HRD, homologous recombination deficiency
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- NHEJ, nonhomologous end-joining
- PARP1
- PARP1, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1
- PI, propidium iodide
- PK, pharmacokinetics
- PPI, protein−protein interaction
- Quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives
- SAR, structure–activity relationship
- SOP, standard operation process
- Synthetic lethality
- TCGA, the cancer genome atlas
- TGI, tumor growth inhibition
- TLC, thin-layer chromatography
- TNBC, triple-negative breast cancer
- TR-FRET, time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer.
- shRNA, short hairpin RNA
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jie Liu
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 28 85503817 (Jie Liu), +86 28 85164063 (Bo Liu), +86 28 85503817 (Liang Ouyang).
| | - Bo Liu
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 28 85503817 (Jie Liu), +86 28 85164063 (Bo Liu), +86 28 85503817 (Liang Ouyang).
| | - Liang Ouyang
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 28 85503817 (Jie Liu), +86 28 85164063 (Bo Liu), +86 28 85503817 (Liang Ouyang).
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sheng J, Li C, Dong M, Jiang K. Identification by Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analysis of KIF15 as a Candidate Risk Gene for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:12337-12348. [PMID: 33293861 PMCID: PMC7718892 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s262017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown that kinesin family proteins (KIFs) play an indispensable roles in several types of cancer. However, the expression and clinical significance of KIFs in triple-negative breast cancer remain unclear. Methods In this study, the role of KIF15, including gene expression analysis, methylation characteristic, CNV characteristic, and miRNA target regulation, was evaluated using multiple bioinformatic tools based on TCGA database. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot were used to determine the expression level of KIF15 in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines. Then, functional experiments were employed to explore the effects of KIF15 on tumor growth and metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer. Results Our data showed that KIF15 was significantly upregulated in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Functionally, downregulation of KIF15 significantly facilitated apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest, and inhibited the migration and invasion of TNBC cells. The mechanism of action of KIF15 was closely related to DNA replication checkpoint and cell cycle regulation in TNBC based on GSEA. In addition, bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that high expression of KIF15 in TNBC was correlated with copy number aberration and DNA methylation levels. Conclusion Our findings suggest that KIF15 is a novel oncogene in TNBC and provide us a strong evidence that it might be served as a potential clinical target and biomarker in triple-negative breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Sheng
- Department of Breast Diseases, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyang Li
- Department of Breast Diseases, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengting Dong
- Department of Breast Diseases, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Jiang
- Department of Breast Diseases, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Amirkhani Namagerdi A, d'Angelo D, Ciani F, Iannuzzi CA, Napolitano F, Avallone L, De Laurentiis M, Giordano A. Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Comparison With Canine Mammary Tumors From Light Microscopy to Molecular Pathology. Front Oncol 2020; 10:563779. [PMID: 33282730 PMCID: PMC7689249 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.563779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many similar characteristics in human and dog cancers including, spontaneous development, clinical presentation, tumor heterogeneity, disease progression, and response to standard therapies have promoted the approval of this comparative model as an alternative to mice. Breast cancer represents the second most frequent neoplasm in humans after lung cancer. Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) constitute around 15% of all cases of breast cancer and do not express estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and do not overexpress human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). As a result, they do not benefit from hormonal or trastuzumab-based therapy. Patients with TNBC have worse overall survival than patients with non-TNBC. Lehmann and collaborators described six different molecular subtypes of TNBC which further demonstrated its transcriptional heterogeneity. This six TNBC subtype classification has therapeutic implications. Breast cancer is the second most frequent neoplasm in sexually intact female dogs after skin cancer. Canine mammary tumors are a naturally occurring heterogeneous group of cancers that have several features in common with human breast cancer (HBC). These similarities include etiology, signaling pathway activation, and histological classification. Molecularly CMTs are more like TNBCs, and therefore dogs are powerful spontaneous models of cancer to test new therapeutic approaches, particularly for human TNBCs. More malignant tumors of the breast are more often ER and PR negative in both humans and dogs. Promising breast cancer biomarkers in both humans and canines are cancer-associated stroma (CAS), circulating tumor cells and tumor DNA (ctDNA), exosomes and miRNAs, and metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Danila d'Angelo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Ciani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Napolitano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CCEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Avallone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Michelino De Laurentiis
- Breast Oncology Division, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gurkan-Alp AS, Alp M, Karabay AZ, Koc A, Buyukbingol E. Synthesis of Some Benzimidazole-derived Molecules and their Effects on PARP-1 Activity and MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-436, MDA-MB-468 Breast Cancer Cell Viability. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 20:1728-1738. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200502001953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Poly (ADP-ribosyl) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) inhibitors are compounds that are used to
treat cancers, which are defective in DNA-repair and DNA Damage-Response (DDR) pathways.
Objective:
In this study, a series of potential PARP-1 inhibitor substituted (piperazine-1-carbonyl)phenyl)-1Hbenzo[
d]imidazole-4-carboxamide compounds were synthesised and tested for their PARP-1 inhibitory and anticancer
activities.
Methods:
Compounds were tested by cell-free colorimetric PARP-1 activity and MTT assay in MDA-MB-231,
MDA-MB-436, MDA-MB-468 breast cancer, and L929 fibroblast cell lines.
Results:
Our results showed that compound 6a inhibited viability in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells
whereas 8a inhibited viability in MDA-MB-468 cells. Compound 6b significantly inhibited cell viability in
tested cancer cells. However, 6b exhibited toxicity in L929 cells, whereas 6a and 8a were found to be non-toxic
for L929 cells. Compounds 6a, 6b and 8a exhibited significant inhibition of PARP-1 activity.
Conclusion:
These three compounds exhibited PARP-1 inhibitory activities and anticancer effects on breast
cancer cells, and further research will enlighten the underlying mechanisms of their effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Selen Gurkan-Alp
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06560 Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Alp
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06560 Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arzu Z. Karabay
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06560 Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Asli Koc
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06560 Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erdem Buyukbingol
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06560 Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Philipovskiy A, Dwivedi AK, Gamez R, McCallum R, Mukherjee D, Nahleh Z, Aguilera RJ, Gaur S. Association between tumor mutation profile and clinical outcomes among Hispanic Latina women with triple-negative breast cancer. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238262. [PMID: 32886682 PMCID: PMC7473586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents 15%-20% of all breast cancer types. It is more common among African American (AA) and Hispanic-Latina (HL) women. The biology of TNBC in HL women has been poorly characterized, but some data suggest that the molecular drivers of breast cancer might differ. There are no clinical tools to aid medical oncologists with decisions regarding appropriate individualized therapy, and no way to predict long-term outcomes. The aim of this study was to characterize individual patient gene mutation profiles and to identify the relationship with clinical outcomes. We collected formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumors (FFPE) from women with TNBC. We analyzed the gene mutation profiles of the collected tumors and compared the results with individual patient's clinical histories and outcomes. Of 25 patients with TNBC, 24 (96%) identified as HL. Twenty-one (84%) had stage III-IV disease. The most commonly mutated genes were TP53, NOTCH1, NOTCH2, NOTCH3, AKT, MEP3K, PIK3CA, and EGFR. Compared with other international cancer databases, our study demonstrated statistically significant higher frequencies of these genes among HL women. Additionally, a worse clinical course was observed among patients whose tumors had mutations in NOTCH genes and PIK3CA. This study is the first to identify the most common genetic alterations among HL women with TNBC. Our data strongly support the notion that molecular drivers of breast cancer could differ in HL women compared with other ethnic backgrounds. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the biological mechanisms behind NOTCH gene and PIK3CA mutations may lead to a new treatment approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Philipovskiy
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alok K. Dwivedi
- Division of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Roberto Gamez
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Richard McCallum
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Debabrata Mukherjee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Zeina Nahleh
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Maroone Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Florida, Weston, Florida, United States of America
| | - Renato J. Aguilera
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sumit Gaur
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Gupta GK, Collier AL, Lee D, Hoefer RA, Zheleva V, Siewertsz van Reesema LL, Tang-Tan AM, Guye ML, Chang DZ, Winston JS, Samli B, Jansen RJ, Petricoin EF, Goetz MP, Bear HD, Tang AH. Perspectives on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Current Treatment Strategies, Unmet Needs, and Potential Targets for Future Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2392. [PMID: 32846967 PMCID: PMC7565566 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), characterized by the absence or low expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2), is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer. TNBC accounts for about 15% of breast cancer cases in the U.S., and is known for high relapse rates and poor overall survival (OS). Chemo-resistant TNBC is a genetically diverse, highly heterogeneous, and rapidly evolving disease that challenges our ability to individualize treatment for incomplete responders and relapsed patients. Currently, the frontline standard chemotherapy, composed of anthracyclines, alkylating agents, and taxanes, is commonly used to treat high-risk and locally advanced TNBC. Several FDA-approved drugs that target programmed cell death protein-1 (Keytruda) and programmed death ligand-1 (Tecentriq), poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), and/or antibody drug conjugates (Trodelvy) have shown promise in improving clinical outcomes for a subset of TNBC. These inhibitors that target key genetic mutations and specific molecular signaling pathways that drive malignant tumor growth have been used as single agents and/or in combination with standard chemotherapy regimens. Here, we review the current TNBC treatment options, unmet clinical needs, and actionable drug targets, including epidermal growth factor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and protein kinase B (PKB or AKT) activation in TNBC. Supported by strong evidence in developmental, evolutionary, and cancer biology, we propose that the K-RAS/SIAH pathway activation is a major tumor driver, and SIAH is a new drug target, a therapy-responsive prognostic biomarker, and a major tumor vulnerability in TNBC. Since persistent K-RAS/SIAH/EGFR pathway activation endows TNBC tumor cells with chemo-resistance, aggressive dissemination, and early relapse, we hope to design an anti-SIAH-centered anti-K-RAS/EGFR targeted therapy as a novel therapeutic strategy to control and eradicate incurable TNBC in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gagan K. Gupta
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23501, USA;
| | - Amber L. Collier
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology, University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33131, USA;
| | - Dasom Lee
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA;
| | - Richard A. Hoefer
- Dorothy G. Hoefer Foundation, Sentara CarePlex Hospital, Newport News, VA 23666, USA;
- Sentara Cancer Network, Sentara Healthcare, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA;
| | - Vasilena Zheleva
- Surgical Oncology, Cancer Treatment Centers of America—Comprehensive Care and Research Center Phoenix, 14200 W Celebrate Life Way, Goodyear, AZ 85338, USA;
| | | | - Angela M. Tang-Tan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
| | - Mary L. Guye
- Sentara Cancer Network, Sentara Healthcare, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA;
- Sentara Surgery Specialists, Sentara CarePlex Hospital, Newport News, VA 23666, USA
| | - David Z. Chang
- Virginia Oncology Associates, 1051 Loftis Boulevard, Suite 100, Newport News, VA 23606, USA;
| | - Janet S. Winston
- Breast Pathology Services, Pathology Sciences Medical Group, Department of Pathology, Sentara Norfolk General Hospital (SNGH), Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (J.S.W.); (B.S.)
| | - Billur Samli
- Breast Pathology Services, Pathology Sciences Medical Group, Department of Pathology, Sentara Norfolk General Hospital (SNGH), Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (J.S.W.); (B.S.)
| | - Rick J. Jansen
- Department of Public Health, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA;
| | - Emanuel F. Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA;
| | - Matthew P. Goetz
- Departments of Oncology and Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic Breast Cancer Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE), Women’s Cancer Program, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Harry D. Bear
- Departments of Surgery and Microbiology & Immunology, Division of Surgical Oncology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
| | - Amy H. Tang
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23501, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sammarco A, Gomiero C, Sacchetto R, Beffagna G, Michieletto S, Orvieto E, Cavicchioli L, Gelain ME, Ferro S, Patruno M, Zappulli V. Wnt/β-Catenin and Hippo Pathway Deregulation in Mammary Tumors of Humans, Dogs, and Cats. Vet Pathol 2020; 57:774-790. [PMID: 32807036 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820948823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mammary cancer is a common neoplasm in women, dogs, and cats that still represents a therapeutic challenge. Wnt/β-catenin and Hippo pathways are involved in tumor progression, cell differentiation, and metastasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate mRNA and protein expression of molecules involved in these pathways in human (HBC), canine (CMT), and feline mammary tumors (FMT). Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for β-catenin, CCND1, YAP, TAZ, CTGF, and ANKRD1, western blotting for YAP, TAZ, and β-catenin, and immunohistochemistry for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), ERBB2, β-catenin, and YAP/TAZ were performed on mammary tumor tissues. The protein expression of active β-catenin was higher in tumors than in healthy tissues in all 3 species. The mRNA expression of the downstream gene CCND1 was increased in HBC ER+ and CMTs compared to healthy tissues. Membranous and cytoplasmic protein expression of β-catenin were strongly negatively correlated in all 3 species. Tumors showed an increased protein expression of YAP/TAZ when compared to healthy tissues. Notably, YAP/TAZ expression was higher in triple negative breast cancers when compared to HBC ER+ and in FMTs when compared to CMTs. The mRNA expression of β-catenin, YAP, TAZ, CTGF, and ANKRD1 was not different between tumors and healthy mammary gland in the 3 species. This study demonstrates deregulation of Wnt/β-catenin and Hippo pathways in mammary tumors, which was more evident at the protein rather than the mRNA level. Wnt/β-catenin and Hippo pathways seem to be involved in mammary carcinogenesis and therefore represent interesting therapeutic targets that should be further investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Sammarco
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, 9308University of Padua, Italy
| | - Chiara Gomiero
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, 9308University of Padua, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, 9308University of Padua, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute - Italian National Research Council (CNR), Padua, Italy
| | - Roberta Sacchetto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, 9308University of Padua, Italy
| | - Giorgia Beffagna
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, 9308University of Padua, Italy.,Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, 9308University of Padua, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Orvieto
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padua, Italy.,Department of Pathology, 18674Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Laura Cavicchioli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, 9308University of Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Gelain
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, 9308University of Padua, Italy
| | - Silvia Ferro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, 9308University of Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Patruno
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, 9308University of Padua, Italy
| | - Valentina Zappulli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, 9308University of Padua, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wu R, Zhao B, Ren X, Wu S, Liu M, Wang Z, Liu W. MiR-27a-3p Targeting GSK3β Promotes Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Proliferation and Migration Through Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:6241-6249. [PMID: 32801869 PMCID: PMC7386804 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s255419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) was found to play crucial roles in varieties of cancers, which affect tumor proliferation and migration. MiR-27a-3p has been identified as a tumor-related miRNA in liver cancer, lung cancer, and colorectal cancer. However, the function of miR-27a-3p in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and its possible molecular mechanisms have still not been elucidated. METHODS QRT-PCR technique was used to detect the expression of miR-27a-3p in TNBC and normal breast cell lines or the effects of miR-27a-3p knockdown and overexpression in TNBC cell lines. Proliferation and migration were measured by CCK-8 method, colony formation, wound healing, and Transwell assays, respectively. Furthermore, we used a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and Western blot analysis to identify GSK3β as a target of miR-27a-3p. RESULTS In this study, we found that miR-27a-3p expression was significantly elevated in TNBC cell lines. Database analysis suggested that TNBC patients with a high expression of miR-27a-3p have poorer overall survival possibilities. Overexpression of miR-27a-3p promotes TNBC cells proliferation, colony formation, and cell migration in vitro. Nevertheless, dual-luciferase reporter result showed that miR-27a-3p directly targeted the 3'-UTR regions of GSK3β mRNA and negatively regulated its expression. Lastly, we demonstrated that miR-27a-3p inactivates Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via targeting GSK3β. CONCLUSION These results indicate that expression of miR-27a-3p was highly expressed in TNBC and promoted tumor progression through attenuating GSK3β and may have a potential molecular-targeted strategy for TNBC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhen Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingqing Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xunxin Ren
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiheng Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingzao Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zipeng Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Gong S, Song Z, Spezia-Lindner D, Meng F, Ruan T, Ying G, Lai C, Wu Q, Liang Y. Novel Insights Into Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Prognosis by Comprehensive Characterization of Aberrant Alternative Splicing. Front Genet 2020; 11:534. [PMID: 32595697 PMCID: PMC7302061 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alternative splicing (AS) is important in the regulation of gene expression and aberrant AS is emerging as a major factor in the pathogenesis of human conditions, including cancer. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most challenging subtype of breast cancer with strong invasion, high rate of metastasis, and poor prognosis. Here we report a systematic profiling of aberrant AS in TNBC. Methods The percent spliced in (PSI) values for AS events in 151 TNBC patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) SpliceSeq database. Univariate Cox and stepwise Multivariate Cox regression analyses were conducted to find the best prognostic AS model. Splicing regulatory networks were constructed by prognosis-related spliceosome and aberrant AS events. Additionally, pathway enrichment and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were further employed to reveal the significant pathways for prognosis-related AS genes. Finally, splicing regulatory networks were constructed via Spearman's rank correlation coefficients between prognosis-related AS events and splicing factor expressions. Results A total of 1,397 prognosis-associated AS events were identified in TNBC. The majority of the parent genes of prognostic AS events exhibited direct interactions to each other in the STRING gene network. Pathways of focal adhesion (p < 0.001), RNA splicing (p = 0.007), homologous recombination (p = 0.042) and ECM-receptor interaction (p = 0.046) were found to be significantly enriched for prognosis-related AS. Additionally, the area under curve (AUC) of the best AS prognostic predictor model reached 0.949, showing a powerful capability to predict outcomes. The Exon Skip (ES) type of AS events displayed more robust and efficient capacity in predicting performance than any other specific AS events type in terms of prognosis. The ES AS signature might confer a strong oncogenic phenotype in the high-risk group with elevated activities in cell cycle and SUMOylating pathways of tumorigenesis, while programmed cell death and metabolism pathways were found to be enriched in the low-risk group of TNBC. The splicing correlation network also revealed a regulatory mode of prognostic splicing factors (SFs) in TNBC. Conclusion Our analysis of AS events in TNBC could not only contribute to elucidating the tumorigenesis mechanism of AS but also provide clues to uncovering underlying prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Gong
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China.,Precision Medicine Center, Taizhou University Hospital, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Zhijian Song
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - David Spezia-Lindner
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Feilong Meng
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Ruan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Guangzhi Ying
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Changhong Lai
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Qianqian Wu
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Yuan C, Luo X, Duan S, Guo L. Long noncoding RNA LINC00115 promotes breast cancer metastasis by inhibiting miR-7. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:1230-1237. [PMID: 32175684 PMCID: PMC7327907 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. The long noncoding RNA LINC00115 has been reported to be involved in the poor outcome of patients with breast cancer, but the biological function and underlying mechanism remain unclear. Here, we report that LINC00115 expression is increased in triple-negative breast cancer tissue compared with matched normal tissue, and LINC00115 knockdown suppresses breast cancer cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, we show that LINC00115 directly targets miR-7 and inhibits its expression. LINC00115 also reduces the expression of KLF4, which is a direct target of miR-7 and is involved in breast cancer metastasis. Together, our findings suggest that LINC00115 promotes breast cancer metastasis through modulating the expression of miR-7 and KLF4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Yuan
- Department of Breastthe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityChina
| | - Xuliang Luo
- Department of Breastthe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityChina
| | - Sijia Duan
- Department of Breastthe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityChina
| | - Liangyun Guo
- Department of Ultrasoundthe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityChina
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yang K, Zeng L, Ge A, Bao T, Xu T, Xie X, Liu L. Exploring the Regulation Mechanism of Xihuang Pill, Olibanum and β-Boswellic Acid on the Biomolecular Network of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Based on Transcriptomics and Chemical Informatics Methodology. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:825. [PMID: 32595497 PMCID: PMC7300251 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Xihuang Pill (XHP) is mainly used to treat “Ru Yan (breast cancer)”. Evidence-based medical evidence and showed that XHP improves the efficacy of chemotherapy and reduced chemotherapy-induced toxicity in breast cancer patients. However, the mechanism of XHP against breast cancer is not clear. Methods The effect of XHP extract on cell half-inhibitory concentration (IC50) and cell viability of MD-MB-231 cells was detected by CCK-8 method. The cell inhibition rate of MDA-MB-453 cells were detected by MTT method. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, cell transfer ability was detected by Transwell method, and cell proliferation ability was detected by colony formation assay. The expression of Notch1, β-catenin and c-myc mRNA in MDA-MB-453 cells were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Then, chemical informatics and transcriptomics methodology was utilized to predict the potential compounds and targets of XHP, and collect triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) genes and the data of Olibanum and β-boswellic acid intervention MD-MB-231 cells (from GSE102891). The cytoscape software was utilized to undergo network construction and network analysis. Finally, the data from the network analysis was imported into the DAVID database for enrichment analysis of signaling pathways and biological processes. Results The IC50 was 15.08 g/L (for MD-MB-231 cells). After interfering with MD-MB-231 cells with 15.08 g/L XHP extract for 72 h, compared with the control group, the cell viability, migration and proliferation was significantly decreased, while early apoptosis and late apoptosis were significantly increased (P < 0.01). After interfering with MDA-MB-453 cells with 6 g/L XHP extract for 72 h, compared with the control group, the cell inhibition and apoptosis rate increased, while the expression of Notch1, β-catenin and c-myc mRNA decreased. (P < 0.05). The chemical informatics and transcriptomics analysis showed that four networks were constructed and analyzed: (1) potential compounds-potential targets network of XHP; (2) XHP-TNBC PPI network; (3) DEGs PPI network of Olibanum-treated MD-MB 231 cells; (4) DEGs PPI network of β-boswellic acid -treated MD-MB 231 cells. Several anti-TNBC biological processes, signaling pathways, targets and so on were obtained. Conclusion XHP may exert anti-TNBC effects through regulating biological processes, signaling pathways, targets found in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Yang
- Galactophore Department, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Graduate College, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liuting Zeng
- Graduate College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Anqi Ge
- Galactophore Department, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Tingting Bao
- Department of Geratology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Clinical Medicine (Xiyuan Hospital), Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Galactophore Department, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaobing Xie
- Galactophore Department, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Lifang Liu
- Galactophore Department, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lee S, Hu Y, Loo SK, Tan Y, Bhargava R, Lewis MT, Wang XS. Landscape analysis of adjacent gene rearrangements reveals BCL2L14-ETV6 gene fusions in more aggressive triple-negative breast cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:9912-9921. [PMID: 32321829 PMCID: PMC7211963 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1921333117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 10 to 20% of breast cancer, with chemotherapy as its mainstay of treatment due to lack of well-defined targets, and recent genomic sequencing studies have revealed a paucity of TNBC-specific mutations. Recurrent gene fusions comprise a class of viable genetic targets in solid tumors; however, their role in breast cancer remains underappreciated due to the complexity of genomic rearrangements in this cancer. Our interrogation of the whole-genome sequencing data for 215 breast tumors catalogued 99 recurrent gene fusions, 57% of which are cryptic adjacent gene rearrangements (AGRs). The most frequent AGRs, BCL2L14-ETV6, TTC6-MIPOL1, ESR1-CCDC170, and AKAP8-BRD4, were preferentially found in the more aggressive forms of breast cancers that lack well-defined genetic targets. Among these, BCL2L14-ETV6 was exclusively detected in TNBC, and interrogation of four independent patient cohorts detected BCL2L14-ETV6 in 4.4 to 12.2% of TNBC tumors. Interestingly, these fusion-positive tumors exhibit more aggressive histopathological features, such as gross necrosis and high tumor grade. Amid TNBC subtypes, BCL2L14-ETV6 is most frequently detected in the mesenchymal entity, accounting for ∼19% of these tumors. Ectopic expression of BCL2L14-ETV6 fusions induce distinct expression changes from wild-type ETV6 and enhance cell motility and invasiveness of TNBC and benign breast epithelial cells. Furthermore, BCL2L14-ETV6 fusions prime partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition and endow resistance to paclitaxel treatment. Together, these data reveal AGRs as a class of underexplored genetic aberrations that could be pathological in breast cancer, and identify BCL2L14-ETV6 as a recurrent gene fusion in more aggressive form of TNBC tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Lee
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
| | - Yiheng Hu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Suet Kee Loo
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
| | - Ying Tan
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Rohit Bhargava
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
| | - Michael T Lewis
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Xiao-Song Wang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232;
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Integrative analysis of genomic amplification-dependent expression and loss-of-function screen identifies ASAP1 as a driver gene in triple-negative breast cancer progression. Oncogene 2020; 39:4118-4131. [PMID: 32235890 PMCID: PMC7220851 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1279-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The genetically heterogeneous triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) continues to be an intractable disease, due to lack of effective targeted therapies. Gene amplification is a major event in tumorigenesis. Genes with amplification-dependent expression are being explored as therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. In this study, we have applied Analytical Multi-scale Identification of Recurring Events analysis and transcript quantification in the TNBC genome across 222 TNBC tumors and identified 138 candidate genes with positive correlation in copy number gain (CNG) and gene expression. siRNA-based loss-of-function screen of the candidate genes has validated EGFR, MYC, ASAP1, IRF2BP2, and CCT5 genes as drivers promoting proliferation in different TNBC cells. MYC, ASAP1, IRF2BP2, and CCT5 display frequent CNG and concurrent expression over 2173 breast cancer tumors (cBioPortal dataset). More frequently are MYC and ASAP1 amplified in TNBC tumors (>30%, n = 320). In particular, high expression of ASAP1, the ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein, is significantly related to poor metastatic relapse-free survival of TNBC patients (n = 257, bc-GenExMiner). Furthermore, we have revealed that silencing of ASAP1 modulates numerous cytokine and apoptosis signaling components, such as IL1B, TRAF1, AIFM2, and MAP3K11 that are clinically relevant to survival outcomes of TNBC patients. ASAP1 has been reported to promote invasion and metastasis in various cancer cells. Our findings that ASAP1 is an amplification-dependent TNBC driver gene promoting TNBC cell proliferation, functioning upstream apoptosis components, and correlating to clinical outcomes of TNBC patients, support ASAP1 as a potential actionable target for TNBC treatment.
Collapse
|
45
|
Fei H, Chen S, Xu C. RNA-sequencing and microarray data mining revealing: the aberrantly expressed mRNAs were related with a poor outcome in the triple negative breast cancer patients. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:363. [PMID: 32355807 PMCID: PMC7186670 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.02.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) account for about 20% of breast carcinomas and the American society of clinical oncology guidelines does not specify approaches for TNBC patients since lack of specific driver molecules and targeted drugs. Methods We filtered out the aberrantly expressed mRNAs on the basis of RNA-seq data deposited in the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and verified and deeply analyzed screened differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using a combined bioinformatics approach. Results Of 21,755 genes with 472 TNBC cases from 3 independent laboratories, 159 mRNAs were identified as DEGs. To verify our results, we assessed the expression levels of top 8 DEGs in Oncomine database. The hierarchical clustering analysis, functional and pathway enrichment analysis were carried out for all DEGs. The results reveal that N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) is most obvious of expression change's gene. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction of 159 DEGs selected 3 hub genes: desmoglein 3 (DSG3), family with sequence similarity 83 member D (FAM83D) and GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3). For further analysis of the potential role of NAT1 in TNBC, the co-expression profiles of NAT1 in BC were made out, and we found that there are 5 genes [GATA3, trefoil factor 3 (TFF3), forkhead box A1 (FOXA1), signal peptide, CUB domain and EGF like domain containing 2 (SCUBE2), G protein-coupled receptor 160 (GPR160)] which co-expressed with NAT1 also were DEGs that we screened out before. Co-occurrence analysis confirmed that same as DEGs, GATA3 and SCUBE2 co-expressed with NAT1, and had a tendency towards a co-occurrence with NAT1 in TNBC. The survival curves showed that NAT1, GATA3 and SCUBE2 expression are significantly related with prognosis. Conclusions From all above results, we speculate that NAT1, GATA3 and SCUBE2 play a vital role in TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Fei
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Songchang Chen
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Chenming Xu
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lin PH, Chen M, Tsai LW, Lo C, Yen TC, Huang TY, Chen CK, Fan SC, Kuo SH, Huang CS. Using next-generation sequencing to redefine BRCAness in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:1375-1384. [PMID: 31958182 PMCID: PMC7156820 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BRCAness is considered a predictive biomarker to platinum and poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. However, recent trials showed that its predictive value was limited in triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) treated with platinum. Moreover, tumors with mutations of DNA damage response (DDR) genes, such as homologous recombination (HR) genes, could be sensitive to platinum and PARP inhibitors. Thus, we aim to explore the relationship between mutation status of DDR genes and BRCAness in TNBC. We sequenced 56 DDR genes in 120 TNBC and identified BRCAness by array comparative genomic hybridization. The sequencing results showed that 13, 14, and 14 patients had BRCA, non‐BRCA HR, and non‐HR DDR gene mutations, respectively. Array comparative genomic hybridization revealed that BRCA‐mutated and HR gene‐mutated TNBC shared similar BRCAness features, both having higher numbers and longer length of large‐scale structural aberration (LSA, >10 Mb) and similar altered chromosomal regions of LSA. These suggested non‐BRCA HR gene‐mutated TNBC shared similar characteristics with BRCA‐mutated TNBC, indicating non‐BRCA HR gene‐mutated TNBC sensitive to platinum and PARP inhibitors. Among tumors with mutation of non‐HR DDR genes, 3 PTEN and 1 MSH6 mutation also contained significant LSAs (BRCAness); however, they had different regions of genomic alteration to BRCA and HR gene‐mutated tumors, might explain prior findings that PTEN‐ and MSH6‐mutated cancer cells not sensitive to PARP inhibitors. Therefore, we hypothesize that the heterogeneous genomic background of BRCAness indicates different responsiveness to platinum and PARP inhibitors. Direct sequencing DDR genes in TNBC should be applied to predict their sensitivity toward platinum and PARP inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Han Lin
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Genomic Medicine and Center for Medical Genetics, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Tsai
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiao Lo
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chun Yen
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Thomas Yoyan Huang
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kai Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chih Fan
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Hsin Kuo
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiun-Sheng Huang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Waterhouse MP, Ugur R, Khaled WT. Therapeutic and Mechanistic Perspectives of Protein Complexes in Breast Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:335. [PMID: 31921847 PMCID: PMC6932950 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer affects one in eight women making it the most common cancer in the United Kingdom, accounting for 15% of all new cancer cases. One of the main challenges in treating breast cancer is the heterogeneous nature of the disease. At present, targeted therapies are available for hormone receptor- and HER2-positive tumors. However, no targeted therapies are currently available for patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). This likely contributes to the poor prognostic outcome for TNBC patients. Consequently, there is a clear clinical need for the development of novel drugs that efficiently target TNBC. Extensive genomic and transcriptomic characterization of TNBC has in recent years identified a plethora of putative oncogenes. However, these driver oncogenes are often critical in other cell types and/or transcription factors making them very difficult to target directly. Therefore, other approaches may be required for developing novel therapeutics that fully exploit the specific functions of TNBC oncogenes in tumor cells. Here, we will argue that more research is needed to identify the protein-protein interactions of TNBC oncogenes as a means for (a) mechanistically understanding the biological function of these oncogenes in TNBC and (b) providing novel therapeutic targets that can be exploited for selectively inhibiting the oncogenic roles of TNBC oncogenes in cancer cells, whilst sparing normal healthy cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Walid T. Khaled
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Li Y, Su P, Wang Y, Zhang H, Liang Y, Zhang N, Song X, Li X, Li J, Yang Q. Impact of histotypes on preferential organ-specific metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Med 2019; 9:872-881. [PMID: 31814295 PMCID: PMC6997059 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The distant metastasis was the most predictive characters of poor prognosis for triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). We aimed to evaluate the correlation between patient characters and preferential distant metastatic sites (DMS) and its effects on prognosis. Methods Using the 2010‐2014 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) data, patients with TNBC were classified into eight histologic subtypes. Patient characters were compared using a chi‐squared test. Logistic regression was used for identification of predictive factors. The log‐rank testing was utilized with disease‐specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS) as the primary outcomes. Results A total of 23 270 patients with TNBC were involved, including 1544 patients with distant metastatic cancer. Bone metastasis was diagnosed in 559 cases, brain metastasis in 124 cases, liver metastasis found in 369 cases and lung metastasis in 492 cases. Histologic subtypes including metaplastic breast carcinoma and invasive lobular carcinoma showed significant differences in preferential DMS compared with invasive ductal carcinoma. Furthermore, we found different histologic subtypes with specific DMS showed various prognosis. We also evaluated different DMS of specific histologic subtypes showed different prognosis. Conclusion Certain histologic subtypes of breast cancer are associated with preferential DMS and prognosis; this knowledge may help to further understand the mechanism of breast cancer metastasis and to monitor the prognosis of patients with TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaming Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Su
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yiran Liang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaojin Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qifeng Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Ji'nan, Shandong, China.,Pathology Tissue Bank, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Thakur V, Kutty RV. Recent advances in nanotheranostics for triple negative breast cancer treatment. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:430. [PMID: 31661003 PMCID: PMC6819447 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1443-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most complex and aggressive type of breast cancer encountered world widely in women. Absence of hormonal receptors on breast cancer cells necessitates the chemotherapy as the only treatment regime. High propensity to metastasize and relapse in addition to poor prognosis and survival motivated the oncologist, nano-medical scientist to develop novel and efficient nanotherapies to solve such a big TNBC challenge. Recently, the focus for enhanced availability, targeted cellular uptake with minimal toxicity is achieved by nano-carriers. These smart nano-carriers carrying all the necessary arsenals (drugs, tracking probe, and ligand) designed in such a way that specifically targets the TNBC cells at site. Articulating the targeted delivery system with multifunctional molecules for high specificity, tracking, diagnosis, and treatment emerged as theranostic approach. In this review, in addition to classical treatment modalities, recent advances in nanotheranostics for early and effective diagnostic and treatment is discussed. This review highlighted the recently FDA approved immunotherapy and all the ongoing clinical trials for TNBC, in addition to nanoparticle assisted immunotherapy. Futuristic but realistic advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning not only improve early diagnosis but also assist clinicians for their workup in TNBC. The novel concept of Nanoparticles induced endothelial leakiness (NanoEL) as a way of tumor invasion is also discussed in addition to classical EPR effect. This review intends to provide basic insight and understanding of the novel nano-therapeutic modalities in TNBC diagnosis and treatment and to sensitize the readers for continue designing the novel nanomedicine. This is the first time that designing nanoparticles with stoichiometric definable number of antibodies per nanoparticle now represents the next level of precision by design in nanomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Thakur
- Department of Virology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Rajaletchumy Veloo Kutty
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, College of Engineering Technology,University Malaysia Pahang, Tun Razak Highway, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang Malaysia
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow, University Malaysia Pahang, 26300, Kuantan, Pahang Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Biological correlates of tumor perfusion and its heterogeneity in newly diagnosed breast cancer using dynamic first-pass 18F-FDG PET/CT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019; 47:1103-1115. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-04422-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|