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Song J, Zhang Y, Zhou C, Zhan J, Cheng X, Huang H, Mao S, Zong Z. The dawn of a new Era: mRNA vaccines in colorectal cancer immunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:112037. [PMID: 38599100 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a typical cancer that accounts for 10% of all new cancer cases annually and nearly 10% of all cancer deaths. Despite significant progress in current classical interventions for CRC, these traditional strategies could be invasive and with numerous adverse effects. The poor prognosis of CRC patients highlights the evident and pressing need for more efficient and targeted treatment. Novel strategies regarding mRNA vaccines for anti-tumor therapy have also been well-developed since the successful application for the prevention of COVID-19. mRNA vaccine technology won the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, signaling a new direction in human anti-cancer treatment: mRNA medicine. As a promising new immunotherapy in CRC and other multiple cancer treatments, the mRNA vaccine has higher specificity, better efficacy, and fewer side effects than traditional strategies. The present review outlines the basics of mRNA vaccines and their advantages over other vaccines and informs an available strategy for developing efficient mRNA vaccines for CRC precise treatment. In the future, more exploration of mRNA vaccines for CRC shall be attached, fostering innovation to address existing limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.1 MinDe Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yujun Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.1 MinDe Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; Huankui Academy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chulin Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.1 MinDe Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianhao Zhan
- Huankui Academy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xifu Cheng
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Haoyu Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.1 MinDe Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shengxun Mao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.1 MinDe Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Zhen Zong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.1 MinDe Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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Pawar S, Pingale P, Garkal A, Osmani RAM, Gajbhiye K, Kulkarni M, Pardeshi K, Mehta T, Rajput A. Unlocking the potential of nanocarrier-mediated mRNA delivery across diverse biomedical frontiers: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131139. [PMID: 38615863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) has gained marvelous attention for managing and preventing various conditions like cancer, Alzheimer's, infectious diseases, etc. Due to the quick development and success of the COVID-19 mRNA-based vaccines, mRNA has recently grown in prominence. A lot of products are in clinical trials and some are already FDA-approved. However, still improvements in line of optimizing stability and delivery, reducing immunogenicity, increasing efficiency, expanding therapeutic applications, scalability and manufacturing, and long-term safety monitoring are needed. The delivery of mRNA via a nanocarrier system gives a synergistic outcome for managing chronic and complicated conditions. The modified nanocarrier-loaded mRNA has excellent potential as a therapeutic strategy. This emerging platform covers a wide range of diseases, recently, several clinical studies are ongoing and numerous publications are coming out every year. Still, many unexplained physical, biological, and technical problems of mRNA for safer human consumption. These complications were addressed with various nanocarrier formulations. This review systematically summarizes the solved problems and applications of nanocarrier-based mRNA delivery. The modified nanocarrier mRNA meaningfully improved mRNA stability and abridged its immunogenicity issues. Furthermore, several strategies were discussed that can be an effective solution in the future for managing complicated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Pawar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N.P. Marg, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prashant Pingale
- Department of Pharmaceutics, GES's Sir Dr. M. S. Gosavi College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Nashik 422005, Maharashtra, India
| | - Atul Garkal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India; Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Riyaz Ali M Osmani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Kavita Gajbhiye
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharti Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Poona College of Pharmacy, Erandwane, Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Madhur Kulkarni
- SCES's Indira College of Pharmacy, New Pune Mumbai Highway, Tathwade 411033, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Krutika Pardeshi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sandip University, Nashik 422213, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tejal Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India
| | - Amarjitsing Rajput
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharti Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Poona College of Pharmacy, Erandwane, Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India.
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Eskandari A, Leow TC, Rahman MBA, Oslan SN. Advances in Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Their Obstacles, and Prospects Toward Tumor Immunotherapy. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01144-3. [PMID: 38625508 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01144-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, cancer immunotherapy has experienced a significant revolution due to the advancements in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and adoptive cell therapies (ACTs), along with their regulatory approvals. In recent times, there has been hope in the effectiveness of cancer vaccines for therapy as they have been able to stimulate de novo T-cell reactions against tumor antigens. These tumor antigens include both tumor-associated antigen (TAA) and tumor-specific antigen (TSA). Nevertheless, the constant quest to fully achieve these abilities persists. Therefore, this review offers a broad perspective on the existing status of cancer immunizations. Cancer vaccine design has been revolutionized due to the advancements made in antigen selection, the development of antigen delivery systems, and a deeper understanding of the strategic intricacies involved in effective antigen presentation. In addition, this review addresses the present condition of clinical tests and deliberates on their approaches, with a particular emphasis on the immunogenicity specific to tumors and the evaluation of effectiveness against tumors. Nevertheless, the ongoing clinical endeavors to create cancer vaccines have failed to produce remarkable clinical results as a result of substantial obstacles, such as the suppression of the tumor immune microenvironment, the identification of suitable candidates, the assessment of immune responses, and the acceleration of vaccine production. Hence, there are possibilities for the industry to overcome challenges and enhance patient results in the coming years. This can be achieved by recognizing the intricate nature of clinical issues and continuously working toward surpassing existing limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Eskandari
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Thean Chor Leow
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Enzyme Technology and X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, VacBio 5, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Siti Nurbaya Oslan
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Enzyme Technology and X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, VacBio 5, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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4
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Zhou F, Huang L, Li S, Yang W, Chen F, Cai Z, Liu X, Xu W, Lehto V, Lächelt U, Huang R, Shi Y, Lammers T, Tao W, Xu ZP, Wagner E, Xu Z, Yu H. From structural design to delivery: mRNA therapeutics for cancer immunotherapy. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2024; 4:20210146. [PMID: 38855617 PMCID: PMC11022630 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20210146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
mRNA therapeutics have emerged as powerful tools for cancer immunotherapy in accordance with their superiority in expressing all sequence-known proteins in vivo. In particular, with a small dosage of delivered mRNA, antigen-presenting cells (APCs) can synthesize mutant neo-antigens and multi-antigens and present epitopes to T lymphocytes to elicit antitumor effects. In addition, expressing receptors like chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), T-cell receptor (TCR), CD134, and immune-modulating factors including cytokines, interferons, and antibodies in specific cells can enhance immunological response against tumors. With the maturation of in vitro transcription (IVT) technology, large-scale and pure mRNA encoding specific proteins can be synthesized quickly. However, the clinical translation of mRNA-based anticancer strategies is restricted by delivering mRNA into target organs or cells and the inadequate endosomal escape efficiency of mRNA. Recently, there have been some advances in mRNA-based cancer immunotherapy, which can be roughly classified as modifications of the mRNA structure and the development of delivery systems, especially the lipid nanoparticle platforms. In this review, the latest strategies for overcoming the limitations of mRNA-based cancer immunotherapies and the recent advances in delivering mRNA into specific organs and cells are summarized. Challenges and opportunities for clinical applications of mRNA-based cancer immunotherapy are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Lujia Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Shiqin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Wenfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Fangmin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhixiong Cai
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian ProvinceMengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian ProvinceMengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Wujun Xu
- Department of Applied PhysicsUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Vesa‐Pekka Lehto
- Department of Applied PhysicsUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Ulrich Lächelt
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Rongqin Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug DeliveryMinistry of Education, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular ImagingRWTH Aachen University ClinicAachenGermany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular ImagingRWTH Aachen University ClinicAachenGermany
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anaesthesiology, Brigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Zhi Ping Xu
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering and Institute of Systems and Physical BiologyShenzhen Bay LaboratoryShenzhenChina
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for NanoscienceLudwig‐Maximilians‐UniversitätMunichGermany
| | - Zhiai Xu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Haijun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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Katopodi T, Petanidis S, Grigoriadou E, Anestakis D, Charalampidis C, Chatziprodromidou I, Floros G, Eskitzis P, Zarogoulidis P, Koulouris C, Sevva C, Papadopoulos K, Roulia P, Mantalovas S, Dagher M, Karakousis AV, Varsamis N, Vlassopoulos K, Theodorou V, Mystakidou CM, Katsios NI, Farmakis K, Kosmidis C. Immune Specific and Tumor-Dependent mRNA Vaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy: Reprogramming Clinical Translation into Tumor Editing Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:455. [PMID: 38675116 PMCID: PMC11053579 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Extensive research into mRNA vaccines for cancer therapy in preclinical and clinical trials has prepared the ground for the quick development of immune-specific mRNA vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therapeutic cancer vaccines based on mRNA are well tolerated, and are an attractive choice for future cancer immunotherapy. Ideal personalized tumor-dependent mRNA vaccines could stimulate both humoral and cellular immunity by overcoming cancer-induced immune suppression and tumor relapse. The stability, structure, and distribution strategies of mRNA-based vaccines have been improved by technological innovations, and patients with diverse tumor types are now being enrolled in numerous clinical trials investigating mRNA vaccine therapy. Despite the fact that therapeutic mRNA-based cancer vaccines have not yet received clinical approval, early clinical trials with mRNA vaccines as monotherapy and in conjunction with checkpoint inhibitors have shown promising results. In this review, we analyze the most recent clinical developments in mRNA-based cancer vaccines and discuss the optimal platforms for the creation of mRNA vaccines. We also discuss the development of the cancer vaccines' clinical research, paying particular attention to their clinical use and therapeutic efficacy, which could facilitate the design of mRNA-based vaccines in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Katopodi
- Laboratory of Medical Biology and Genetics, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.K.); (E.G.)
| | - Savvas Petanidis
- Laboratory of Medical Biology and Genetics, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.K.); (E.G.)
- Department of Pulmonology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Eirini Grigoriadou
- Laboratory of Medical Biology and Genetics, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.K.); (E.G.)
| | - Doxakis Anestakis
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus; (D.A.); (C.C.)
| | | | | | - George Floros
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Thessaly, 38334 Volos, Greece;
| | - Panagiotis Eskitzis
- Department of Obstetrics, University of Western Macedonia, 50100 Kozani, Greece;
| | - Paul Zarogoulidis
- Third Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 55236 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.Z.); (C.K.); (C.S.); (K.P.); (S.M.); (M.D.); (A.V.K.); (C.K.)
| | - Charilaos Koulouris
- Third Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 55236 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.Z.); (C.K.); (C.S.); (K.P.); (S.M.); (M.D.); (A.V.K.); (C.K.)
| | - Christina Sevva
- Third Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 55236 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.Z.); (C.K.); (C.S.); (K.P.); (S.M.); (M.D.); (A.V.K.); (C.K.)
| | - Konstantinos Papadopoulos
- Third Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 55236 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.Z.); (C.K.); (C.S.); (K.P.); (S.M.); (M.D.); (A.V.K.); (C.K.)
| | - Panagiota Roulia
- Third Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 55236 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.Z.); (C.K.); (C.S.); (K.P.); (S.M.); (M.D.); (A.V.K.); (C.K.)
| | - Stylianos Mantalovas
- Third Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 55236 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.Z.); (C.K.); (C.S.); (K.P.); (S.M.); (M.D.); (A.V.K.); (C.K.)
| | - Marios Dagher
- Third Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 55236 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.Z.); (C.K.); (C.S.); (K.P.); (S.M.); (M.D.); (A.V.K.); (C.K.)
| | - Alexandros Vasileios Karakousis
- Third Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 55236 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.Z.); (C.K.); (C.S.); (K.P.); (S.M.); (M.D.); (A.V.K.); (C.K.)
| | | | - Konstantinos Vlassopoulos
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.V.); (V.T.); (C.M.M.)
| | - Vasiliki Theodorou
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.V.); (V.T.); (C.M.M.)
| | - Chrysi Maria Mystakidou
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.V.); (V.T.); (C.M.M.)
| | - Nikolaos Iason Katsios
- Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos Farmakis
- Pediatric Surgery Clinic, General Hospital of Thessaloniki “G. Gennimatas”, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54635 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Christoforos Kosmidis
- Third Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 55236 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.Z.); (C.K.); (C.S.); (K.P.); (S.M.); (M.D.); (A.V.K.); (C.K.)
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VanKeulen-Miller R, Fenton OS. Messenger RNA Therapy for Female Reproductive Health. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:393-409. [PMID: 38189262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Female reproductive health has traditionally been an underrepresented area of research in the drug delivery sciences. This disparity is also seen in the emerging field of mRNA therapeutics, a class of medicines that promises to treat and prevent disease by upregulating protein expression in the body. Here, we review advances in mRNA therapies through the lens of improving female reproductive health. Specifically, we begin our review by discussing the fundamental structure and biochemical modifications associated with mRNA-based drugs. Then, we discuss various packaging technologies, including lipid nanoparticles, that can be utilized to protect and transport mRNA drugs to target cells in the body. Last, we conclude our review by discussing the usage of mRNA therapy for addressing pregnancy-related health and vaccination against sexually transmitted diseases in women. Of note, we also highlight relevant clinical trials using mRNA for female reproductive health while also providing their corresponding National Clinical Trial identifiers. In undertaking this review, our aim is to provide a fundamental background understanding of mRNA therapy and its usage to specifically address female health issues with an overarching goal of providing information toward addressing gender disparity in certain aspects of health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel VanKeulen-Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Owen S Fenton
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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Vuong HL, Lan CT, Le HTT. The development and technologies of RNA therapeutics. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 203:13-39. [PMID: 38359995 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Since it was discovered for over 20 years ago, the potentiality of siRNAs in gene silencing in vitro and in vivo models has been recognized. Several studies in the new generation, molecular mechanisms, target attachment, and purification of RNA have supported the development of RNA therapeutics for a variety of applications. RNA therapeutics are growing rapidly with various platforms contributing to the standard of personalized medicine and rare disease treatment. Therefore, understanding the development and technologies of RNA therapeutics becomes a crucial point for new drug generation. Here, the primary purpose of this review is to provide a general view of six therapeutic categories that make up RNA-based therapeutic approaches, including RNA-target therapeutics, protein-targeted therapeutics, cellular reprogramming and tissues engineering, RNA-based protein replacement therapeutics, RNA-based genome editing, and RNA-based immunotherapies based on non-coding RNAs and coding RNA. Furthermore, we present an overview of the RNA strategies regarding viral approaches and nonviral approaches in designing a new generation of RNA technologies. The advantages and challenges of using RNA therapeutics are also discussed along with various approaches for RNA delivery. Therefore, this review is designed to provide updated reference evidence of RNA therapeutics in the battle against rare or difficult-to-treat diseases for researchers in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong Lan Vuong
- Pharmacy Department, National Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Chu Thanh Lan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunghyang University, South Korea
| | - Hien Thi Thu Le
- Intestinal Signaling and Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
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Malla R, Srilatha M, Farran B, Nagaraju GP. mRNA vaccines and their delivery strategies: A journey from infectious diseases to cancer. Mol Ther 2024; 32:13-31. [PMID: 37919901 PMCID: PMC10787123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
mRNA vaccines have evolved as promising cancer therapies. These vaccines can encode tumor-allied antigens, thus enabling personalized treatment approaches. They can also target cancer-specific mutations and overcome immune evasion mechanisms. They manipulate the body's cellular functions to produce antigens, elicit immune responses, and suppress tumors by overcoming limitations associated with specific histocompatibility leukocyte antigen molecules. However, successfully delivering mRNA into target cells destroys a crucial challenge. Viral and nonviral vectors (lipid nanoparticles and cationic liposomes) have shown great capacity in protecting mRNA from deterioration and assisting in cellular uptake. Cell-penetrating peptides, hydrogels, polymer-based nanoparticles, and dendrimers have been investigated to increase the delivery efficacy and immunogenicity of mRNA. This comprehensive review explores the landscape of mRNA vaccines and their delivery platforms for cancer, addressing design considerations, diverse delivery strategies, and recent advancements. Overall, this review contributes to the progress of mRNA vaccines as an innovative strategy for effective cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- RamaRao Malla
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam 530045, AP, India
| | - Mundla Srilatha
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, AP, India
| | - Batoul Farran
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
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Chen W, Zhu Y, He J, Sun X. Path towards mRNA delivery for cancer immunotherapy from bench to bedside. Theranostics 2024; 14:96-115. [PMID: 38164145 PMCID: PMC10750210 DOI: 10.7150/thno.89247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. mRNA vaccines, in particular, offer an alternative approach to conventional vaccines, boasting high potency, rapid development capabilities, cost-effectiveness, and safe administration. However, the clinical application of mRNA vaccines is hindered by the challenges of mRNA instability and inefficient in vivo delivery. In recent times, remarkable technological advancements have emerged to address these challenges, utilizing two main approaches: ex vivo transfection of dendritic cells (DCs) with mRNA and direct injection of mRNA-based therapeutics, either with or without a carrier. This review offers a comprehensive overview of major non-viral vectors employed for mRNA vaccine delivery. It showcases notable preclinical and clinical studies in the field of cancer immunotherapy and discusses important considerations for advancing these promising vaccine platforms for broader therapeutic applications. Additionally, we provide insights into future possibilities and the remaining challenges in mRNA delivery technology, emphasizing the significance of ongoing research in mRNA-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yining Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Jinhan He
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Alexandrou E, Guneri D, Neidle S, Waller ZAE. QN-302 demonstrates opposing effects between i-motif and G-quadruplex DNA structures in the promoter of the S100P gene. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 22:55-58. [PMID: 37970888 PMCID: PMC10732280 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01464a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
GC-rich sequences can fold into G-quadruplexes and i-motifs and are known to control gene expression in many organisms. The potent G-quadruplex experimental anticancer drug QN-302 down-regulates a number of cancer-related genes, in particular S100P. Here we show this ligand has strong opposing effects with i-motif DNA structures and is one of the most potent i-motif destabilising agents reported to date. QN-302 down-regulates the expression of numerous cancer-related genes by pan-quadruplex targeting. QN-302 exhibits exceptional combined synergistic effects compared to many other G-quadruplex and i-motif interacting compounds. This work further emphasises the importance of considering G-quadruplex and i-motif DNA structures as one dynamic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Effrosyni Alexandrou
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK.
| | - Dilek Guneri
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK.
| | - Stephen Neidle
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK.
| | - Zoë A E Waller
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK.
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11
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Chen J, Xu Y, Zhou M, Xu S, Varley AJ, Golubovic A, Lu RXZ, Wang KC, Yeganeh M, Vosoughi D, Li B. Combinatorial design of ionizable lipid nanoparticles for muscle-selective mRNA delivery with minimized off-target effects. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2309472120. [PMID: 38060560 PMCID: PMC10723144 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309472120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) pivotal to the success of COVID-19 mRNA (messenger RNA) vaccines hold substantial promise for expanding the landscape of mRNA-based therapies. Nevertheless, the risk of mRNA delivery to off-target tissues highlights the necessity for LNPs with enhanced tissue selectivity. The intricate nature of biological systems and inadequate knowledge of lipid structure-activity relationships emphasize the significance of high-throughput methods to produce chemically diverse lipid libraries for mRNA delivery screening. Here, we introduce a streamlined approach for the rapid design and synthesis of combinatorial libraries of biodegradable ionizable lipids. This led to the identification of iso-A11B5C1, an ionizable lipid uniquely apt for muscle-specific mRNA delivery. It manifested high transfection efficiencies in muscle tissues, while significantly diminishing off-targeting in organs like the liver and spleen. Moreover, iso-A11B5C1 also exhibited reduced mRNA transfection potency in lymph nodes and antigen-presenting cells, prompting investigation into the influence of direct immune cell transfection via LNPs on mRNA vaccine effectiveness. In comparison with SM-102, while iso-A11B5C1's limited immune transfection attenuated its ability to elicit humoral immunity, it remained highly effective in triggering cellular immune responses after intramuscular administration, which is further corroborated by its strong therapeutic performance as cancer vaccine in a melanoma model. Collectively, our study not only enriches the high-throughput toolkit for generating tissue-specific ionizable lipids but also encourages a reassessment of prevailing paradigms in mRNA vaccine design. This study encourages rethinking of mRNA vaccine design principles, suggesting that achieving high immune cell transfection might not be the sole criterion for developing effective mRNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingan Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Yue Xu
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Muye Zhou
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Shufen Xu
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Andrew James Varley
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Alex Golubovic
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Rick Xing Ze Lu
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Kevin Chang Wang
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Mina Yeganeh
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Daniel Vosoughi
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5G 1L7, Canada
- Latner Thoracic Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ONM5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Bowen Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3G9, Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3M2, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ONM5G 2C1, Canada
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12
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Delehedde C, Ciganek I, Rameix N, Laroui N, Gonçalves C, Even L, Midoux P, Pichon C. Impact of net charge, targeting ligand amount and mRNA modification on the uptake, intracellular routing and the transfection efficiency of mRNA lipopolyplexes in dendritic cells. Int J Pharm 2023; 647:123531. [PMID: 37863445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Targeting mRNA formulations to achieve cell specificity is one of the challenges that must be tackled to mettle their therapeutic potential. Here, lipopolyplexes (LPR) bearing tri-mannose-lipid (TM) are used to target mannose receptor on dendritic cells. We investigated the impact of the net charge and percentage of TM units on the binding, uptake, transfection efficiency (TE) and RNA sensors activation. Binding and uptake capacities of naked and targeted LPR increase with the percent of cationic lipid, but the latter are 2-fold more up taken by the cells. Cationic LPR bearing 5 % and 10 % TM were localized in acidic compartments in contrast to naked LPR and 2.5 % TM-LPR. The drawback is the dramatic decrease of TE as the number of TM-units increases. Cationic LPR bearing 5 % and 10 % TM strongly induced NF-κB and PKR phosphorylation at 6 h. Conversely, mTOR is less activated in line with their low TE. Those side effects are overcome by using 5-methoxyuridine mRNA resulting in an improved TE due to non-phosphorylation of NF-κB and PKR and mTOR activation. Our results point out that targeting DC via mannose receptor triggers a higher uptake of cationic LPRs and fast routing to acidic compartments, and that efficient TE requires low number of TM units use or modified mRNA to escape RNA sensors activation to enhance the translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Delehedde
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, F-45071, Orléans cedex 02, France; Sanofi R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Ivan Ciganek
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, F-45071, Orléans cedex 02, France
| | - Nathalie Rameix
- Sanofi R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Nabila Laroui
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, F-45071, Orléans cedex 02, France
| | - Cristine Gonçalves
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, F-45071, Orléans cedex 02, France
| | - Luc Even
- Sanofi R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Patrick Midoux
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, F-45071, Orléans cedex 02, France
| | - Chantal Pichon
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, F-45071, Orléans cedex 02, France; Inserm UMS 55 ART ARNm and University of Orléans, F-45100 Orléans; Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, F-75035 Paris, France.
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13
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Chen ES, Ho ES. In-silico study of antisense oligonucleotide antibiotics. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16343. [PMID: 38025700 PMCID: PMC10656905 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria directly contributes to a wave of untreatable infections. The lack of new drug development is an important driver of this crisis. Most antibiotics today are small molecules that block vital processes in bacteria. To optimize such effects, the three-dimensional structure of targeted bacterial proteins is imperative, although such a task is time-consuming and tedious, impeding the development of antibiotics. The development of RNA-based therapeutics has catalyzed a new platform of antibiotics-antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs). These molecules hybridize with their target mRNAs with high specificity, knocking down or interfering with protein translation. This study aims to develop a bioinformatics pipeline to identify potent ASO targets in essential bacterial genes. Methods Three bacterial species (P. gingivalis, H. influenzae, and S. aureus) were used to demonstrate the utility of the pipeline. Open reading frames of bacterial essential genes were downloaded from the Database of Essential Genes (DEG). After filtering for specificity and accessibility, ASO candidates were ranked based on their self-hybridization score, predicted melting temperature, and the position on the gene in an operon. Enrichment analysis was conducted on genes associated with putative potent ASOs. Results A total of 45,628 ASOs were generated from 348 unique essential genes in P. gingivalis. A total of 1,117 of them were considered putative. A total of 27,273 ASOs were generated from 191 unique essential genes in H. influenzae. A total of 847 of them were considered putative. A total of 175,606 ASOs were generated from 346 essential genes in S. aureus. A total of 7,061 of them were considered putative. Critical biological processes associated with these genes include translation, regulation of cell shape, cell division, and peptidoglycan biosynthetic process. Putative ASO targets generated for each bacterial species are publicly available here: https://github.com/EricSHo/AOA. The results demonstrate that our bioinformatics pipeline is useful in identifying unique and accessible ASO targets in bacterial species that post major public health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica S. Chen
- Biology, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, United States
| | - Eric S. Ho
- Biology, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, United States
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14
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Lu TL, Li CL, Gong YQ, Hou FT, Chen CW. Identification of tumor antigens and immune subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma for mRNA vaccine development. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:1717-1738. [PMID: 37969406 PMCID: PMC10631436 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i10.1717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND mRNA vaccines have been investigated in multiple tumors, but limited studies have been conducted on their use for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). AIM To identify candidate mRNA vaccine antigens for HCC and suitable subpopulations for mRNA vaccination. METHODS Gene expression profiles and clinical information of HCC datasets were obtained from International Cancer Genome Consortium and The Cancer Genome Atlas. Genes with somatic mutations and copy number variations were identified by cBioPortal analysis. The differentially expressed genes with significant prognostic value were identified by Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 website analysis. The Tumor Immune Estimation Resource database was used to assess the correlation between candidate antigens and the abundance of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Tumor-associated antigens were overexpressed in tumors and associated with prognosis, genomic alterations, and APC infiltration. A consensus cluster analysis was performed with the Consensus Cluster Plus package to identify the immune subtypes. The weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to determine the candidate biomarker molecules for appropriate populations for mRNA vaccines. RESULTS AURKA, CCNB1, CDC25C, CDK1, TRIP13, PES1, MCM3, PPM1G, NEK2, KIF2C, PTTG1, KPNA2, and PRC1 were identified as candidate HCC antigens for mRNA vaccine development. Four immune subtypes (IS1-IS4) and five immune gene modules of HCC were identified that were consistent in both patient cohorts. The immune subtypes showed distinct cellular and clinical characteristics. The IS1 and IS3 immune subtypes were immunologically "cold". The IS2 and IS4 immune subtypes were immunologically "hot", and the immune checkpoint genes and immunogenic cell death genes were upregulated in these subtypes. IS1-related modules were identified with the WGCNA algorithm. Ultimately, five hub genes (RBP4, KNG1, METTL7A, F12, and ABAT) were identified, and they might be potential biomarkers for mRNA vaccines. CONCLUSION AURKA, CCNB1, CDC25C, CDK1, TRIP13, PES1, MCM3, PPM1G, NEK2, KIF2C, PTTG1, KPNA2, and PRC1 have been identified as candidate HCC antigens for mRNA vaccine development. The IS1 and IS3 immune subtypes are suitable populations for mRNA vaccination. RBP4, KNG1, METTL7A, F12, and ABAT are potential biomarkers for mRNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Liang Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Cheng-Long Li
- Department of General Surgery, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Fu-Tao Hou
- Department of General Surgery, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chao-Wu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
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15
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Nelli F, Giannarelli D, Fabbri A, Virtuoso A, Giron Berrios JR, Marrucci E, Fiore C, Schirripa M, Signorelli C, Chilelli MG, Primi F, Panichi V, Topini G, Silvestri MA, Ruggeri EM. Immune-related adverse events and disease outcomes after the third dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-BNT162b2 vaccine in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:3217-3228. [PMID: 37428196 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03489-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical implications of the third dose of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors are currently unknown. We performed a prospective analysis of the Vax-On-Third study to investigate the effects of antibody response on immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and disease outcomes. METHODS Recipients of the booster dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-BNT162b2 vaccine who had received at least one course of an anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment before vaccination for an advanced solid malignancy were eligible. RESULTS The current analysis included 56 patients with metastatic disease (median age: 66 years; male: 71%), most of whom had a lung cancer diagnosis and were being treated with pembrolizumab- or nivolumab-based regimens. The optimal cut-point antibody titer of 486 BAU/mL allowed a dichotomization of recipients into low-responders (Low-R, < 486 BAU/mL) or high-responders (High-R, ≥ 486 BAU/mL). After a median follow-up time of 226 days, 21.4% of patients experienced moderate to severe irAEs without any recrudescence of immune toxicities preceding the booster dose. The frequencies of irAE before and after the third dose did not differ, but an increase in the cumulative incidence of immuno-related thyroiditis was observed within the High-R subgroup. On multivariate analysis, an enhanced humoral response correlated with a better outcome in terms of durable clinical benefit, which resulted in a significant reduction in the risk of disease control loss but not mortality. CONCLUSIONS Our findings would strengthen the recommendation not to change anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment plans based on current or future immunization schedules, implying that all these patients should be closely monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Nelli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, Strada Sammartinese snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Diana Giannarelli
- Biostatistics Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Agnese Fabbri
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, Strada Sammartinese snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Antonella Virtuoso
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, Strada Sammartinese snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Julio Rodrigo Giron Berrios
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, Strada Sammartinese snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Eleonora Marrucci
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, Strada Sammartinese snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Cristina Fiore
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, Strada Sammartinese snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Marta Schirripa
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, Strada Sammartinese snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Carlo Signorelli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, Strada Sammartinese snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Mario Giovanni Chilelli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, Strada Sammartinese snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Francesca Primi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, Strada Sammartinese snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Valentina Panichi
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Topini
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Silvestri
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Enzo Maria Ruggeri
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, Strada Sammartinese snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
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16
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Wang B, Pei J, Xu S, Liu J, Yu J. Recent advances in mRNA cancer vaccines: meeting challenges and embracing opportunities. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1246682. [PMID: 37744371 PMCID: PMC10511650 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1246682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the successful application of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines in preventing COVID-19, researchers have been striving to develop mRNA vaccines for clinical use, including those exploited for anti-tumor therapy. mRNA cancer vaccines have emerged as a promising novel approach to cancer immunotherapy, offering high specificity, better efficacy, and fewer side effects compared to traditional treatments. Multiple therapeutic mRNA cancer vaccines are being evaluated in preclinical and clinical trials, with promising early-phase results. However, the development of these vaccines faces various challenges, such as tumor heterogeneity, an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and practical obstacles like vaccine administration methods and evaluation systems for clinical application. To address these challenges, we highlight recent advances from preclinical studies and clinical trials that provide insight into identifying obstacles associated with mRNA cancer vaccines and discuss potential strategies to overcome them. In the future, it is crucial to approach the development of mRNA cancer vaccines with caution and diligence while promoting innovation to overcome existing barriers. A delicate balance between opportunities and challenges will help guide the progress of this promising field towards its full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Wang
- Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Radiation Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinli Pei
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Radiation Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shengnan Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Radiation Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Radiation Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Radiation Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
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17
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Wang C, Pan C, Yong H, Wang F, Bo T, Zhao Y, Ma B, He W, Li M. Emerging non-viral vectors for gene delivery. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:272. [PMID: 37592351 PMCID: PMC10433663 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02044-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy holds great promise for treating a multitude of inherited and acquired diseases by delivering functional genes, comprising DNA or RNA, into targeted cells or tissues to elicit manipulation of gene expression. However, the clinical implementation of gene therapy remains substantially impeded by the lack of safe and efficient gene delivery vehicles. This review comprehensively outlines the novel fastest-growing and efficient non-viral gene delivery vectors, which include liposomes and lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), highly branched poly(β-amino ester) (HPAE), single-chain cyclic polymer (SCKP), poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers, and polyethyleneimine (PEI). Particularly, we discuss the research progress, potential development directions, and remaining challenges. Additionally, we provide a comprehensive overview of the currently approved non-viral gene therapeutics, as well as ongoing clinical trials. With advances in biomedicine, molecular biology, materials science, non-viral gene vectors play an ever-expanding and noteworthy role in clinical gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfei Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Chaolan Pan
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Haiyang Yong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Tao Bo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yitong Zhao
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, 232000, China
| | - Bin Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Wei He
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, 232000, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, 201102, China.
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18
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Zhang T, Xu H, Zheng X, Xiong X, Zhang S, Yi X, Li J, Wei Q, Ai J. Clinical benefit and safety associated with mRNA vaccines for advanced solid tumors: A meta-analysis. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e286. [PMID: 37470066 PMCID: PMC10353527 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor mRNA vaccines have been developed for over 20 years. Whether mRNA vaccines could promote a clinical benefit to advanced cancer patients is highly unknown. PubMed and Embase were retrieved from January 1, 2000 to January 4, 2023. Random effects models were employed. Clinical benefit (objective response rate [ORR], disease control rate [DCR], 1-year/2-year progression-free survival [PFS], and overall survival [OS]) and safety (vaccine-related grade 3-5 adverse events [AEs]) were evaluated. Overall, 984 patients (32 trials) were enrolled. The most typical cancer types were melanoma (13 trials), non-small cell lung cancer (5 trials), renal cell carcinoma (4 trials), and prostate adenocarcinoma (4 trials). The pooled ORR and DCR estimates were 10.0% (95%CI, 4.6-17.0%) and 34.6% (95%CI, 24.1-45.9%). The estimates for 1-year and 2-year PFS were 38.4% (95%CI, 24.8-53.0%) and 20.0% (95%CI, 10.4-31.7%), respectively. The estimates for 1-year and 2-year OS were 75.3% (95%CI, 62.4-86.3%) and 45.5% (95%CI, 34.0-57.2%), respectively. The estimate for vaccine-related grade 3-5 AEs was 1.0% (95%CI, 0.2-2.4%). Conclusively, mRNA vaccines seem to demonstrate modest clinical response rates, with acceptable survival rates and rare grade 3-5 AEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian‐yi Zhang
- Department of Urology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Institute of Urology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Hang Xu
- Department of Urology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Institute of Urology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiao‐nan Zheng
- Department of Urology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Institute of Urology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xing‐yu Xiong
- Department of Urology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Institute of Urology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shi‐yu Zhang
- Department of Urology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Institute of Urology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xian‐yanling Yi
- Department of Urology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Institute of Urology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Urology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Institute of Urology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Institute of Urology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jian‐zhong Ai
- Department of Urology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Institute of Urology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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19
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Nelli F, Signorelli C, Fabbri A, Giannarelli D, Virtuoso A, Giron Berrios JR, Marrucci E, Fiore C, Schirripa M, Chilelli MG, Primi F, Panichi V, Topini G, Silvestri MA, Ruggeri EM. Changes in Peripheral Immune Cells after the Third Dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-BNT162b2 Vaccine and Disease Outcomes in Cancer Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Prospective Analysis of the Vax-on-Third-Profile Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3625. [PMID: 37509286 PMCID: PMC10377319 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines can deeply affect cell-mediated immune responses in immunocompromised recipients, including cancer patients receiving active treatments. The clinical implications of changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets following the third dose of mRNA-BNT162b2 vaccination (tozinameran) in patients on immune checkpoint blockade are not fully understood. We conducted a prospective analysis of the Vax-On-Third-Profile study to evaluate the impact of circulating lymphocyte dynamics on disease outcomes in this subgroup of patients. METHODS Recipients of booster dosing who had received before vaccination at least one course of an anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment for an advanced solid tumor were eligible. Immunophenotyping of peripheral blood was performed before the third dose of tozinameran (timepoint-1) and four weeks later (timepoint-2) to quantify the absolute counts of lymphocyte subpopulations, including CD3+CD4+ T cells, CD3+CD8+ T cells, B cells, and NK cells. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between lymphocyte subsets and durable clinical benefit (DCB). The log-rank test and Cox regression model were applied to evaluate the relationship between lymphocyte subpopulations and both vaccine-related time-to-treatment failure (V-TTF) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS We included a total of 56 patients with metastatic disease who were given a third dose of tozinameran between 23 September and 7 October 2021 (median age: 66 years; male: 71%). Most recipients had a diagnosis of lung cancer and were being treated with pembrolizumab or nivolumab. Compared to baseline, the third immunization resulted in an incremental change in the median counts of all lymphocyte subpopulations, which was statistically significant only for NK cells (p < 0.001). A significant correlation was found between NK cell counts and DCB at timepoint-2 (p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis of DCB confirmed the predictive significance of high-level NK cell counts (p = 0.020). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, high-level NK cell counts independently predicted longer V-TTF [HR 0.34 (95% CI 0.14-0.80), p = 0.014] and OS [HR 0.36 (95% CI 0.15-0.89), p = 0.027]. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest expansion of NK cell counts as the most noteworthy change in circulating lymphocytes after the third dose of tozinameran in cancer patients receiving PD-1/PD-L1-targeted agents. This change correlated with enhanced therapeutic efficacy, improving the rate of disease control, and prolonging survival outcomes. Similar findings have not been previously reported, implying that they have proof-of-concept value and warrant further confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Nelli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Carlo Signorelli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Agnese Fabbri
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Diana Giannarelli
- Biostatistics Unit, Scientific Directorate, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Virtuoso
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Julio Rodrigo Giron Berrios
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Eleonora Marrucci
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Cristina Fiore
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Marta Schirripa
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Mario Giovanni Chilelli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Francesca Primi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Valentina Panichi
- Cytofluorimetry Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Topini
- Cytofluorimetry Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Silvestri
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Enzo Maria Ruggeri
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Hospital of Belcolle, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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20
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Chehelgerdi M, Chehelgerdi M. The use of RNA-based treatments in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:106. [PMID: 37420174 PMCID: PMC10401791 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01807-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past several decades, mRNA vaccines have evolved from a theoretical concept to a clinical reality. These vaccines offer several advantages over traditional vaccine techniques, including their high potency, rapid development, low-cost manufacturing, and safe administration. However, until recently, concerns over the instability and inefficient distribution of mRNA in vivo have limited their utility. Fortunately, recent technological advancements have mostly resolved these concerns, resulting in the development of numerous mRNA vaccination platforms for infectious diseases and various types of cancer. These platforms have shown promising outcomes in both animal models and humans. This study highlights the potential of mRNA vaccines as a promising alternative approach to conventional vaccine techniques and cancer treatment. This review article aims to provide a thorough and detailed examination of mRNA vaccines, including their mechanisms of action and potential applications in cancer immunotherapy. Additionally, the article will analyze the current state of mRNA vaccine technology and highlight future directions for the development and implementation of this promising vaccine platform as a mainstream therapeutic option. The review will also discuss potential challenges and limitations of mRNA vaccines, such as their stability and in vivo distribution, and suggest ways to overcome these issues. By providing a comprehensive overview and critical analysis of mRNA vaccines, this review aims to contribute to the advancement of this innovative approach to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Chehelgerdi
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran.
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Matin Chehelgerdi
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
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21
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Ben-Akiva E, Karlsson J, Hemmati S, Yu H, Tzeng SY, Pardoll DM, Green JJ. Biodegradable lipophilic polymeric mRNA nanoparticles for ligand-free targeting of splenic dendritic cells for cancer vaccination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2301606120. [PMID: 37339211 PMCID: PMC10293809 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2301606120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle (NP)-based mRNA cancer vaccines hold great promise to realize personalized cancer treatments. To advance this technology requires delivery formulations for efficient intracellular delivery to antigen-presenting cells. We developed a class of bioreducible lipophilic poly(beta-amino ester) nanocarriers with quadpolymer architecture. The platform is agnostic to the mRNA sequence, with one-step self-assembly allowing for delivery of multiple antigen-encoding mRNAs as well as codelivery of nucleic acid-based adjuvants. We examined structure-function relationships for NP-mediated mRNA delivery to dendritic cells (DCs) and identified that a lipid subunit of the polymer structure was critical. Following intravenous administration, the engineered NP design facilitated targeted delivery to the spleen and preferential transfection of DCs without the need for surface functionalization with targeting ligands. Treatment with engineered NPs codelivering antigen-encoding mRNA and toll-like receptor agonist adjuvants led to robust antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses, resulting in efficient antitumor therapy in in vivo models of murine melanoma and colon adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elana Ben-Akiva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21231
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21231
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21231
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD21287
| | - Johan Karlsson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21231
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21231
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21231
- Department of Chemistry–Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, UppsalaSE-75121, Sweden
| | - Shayan Hemmati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21231
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21231
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21231
| | - Hongzhe Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21231
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21231
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21231
| | - Stephany Y. Tzeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21231
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21231
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21231
| | - Drew M. Pardoll
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD21287
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21231
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21231
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21231
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21231
| | - Jordan J. Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21231
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21231
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21231
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD21287
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21231
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21231
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21231
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21231
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21231
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22
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Münter R, Christensen E, Andresen TL, Larsen JB. Studying how administration route and dose regulates antibody generation against LNPs for mRNA delivery with single-particle resolution. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 29:450-459. [PMID: 37251983 PMCID: PMC10220314 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Following the recent approval of both siRNA- and mRNA-based therapeutics, nucleic acid therapies are considered a game changer in medicine. Their envisioned widespread use for many therapeutic applications with an array of cellular target sites means that various administration routes will be employed. Concerns exist regarding adverse reactions against the lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) used for mRNA delivery, as PEG coatings on nanoparticles can induce severe antibody-mediated immune reactions, potentially being boosted by the inherently immunogenic nucleic acid cargo. While exhaustive information is available on how physicochemical features of nanoparticles affects immunogenicity, it remains unexplored how the fundamental choice of administration route regulates anti-particle immunity. Here, we directly compared antibody generation against PEGylated mRNA-carrying LNPs administered by the intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous route, using a novel sophisticated assay capable of measuring antibody binding to authentic LNP surfaces with single-particle resolution. Intramuscular injections in mice were found to generate overall low and dose-independent levels of anti-LNP antibodies, while both intravenous and subcutaneous LNP injections generated substantial and highly dose-dependent levels. These findings demonstrate that before LNP-based mRNA medicines can be safely applied to new therapeutic applications, it will be crucial to carefully consider the choice of administration route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Münter
- Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Esben Christensen
- Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas L. Andresen
- Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jannik B. Larsen
- Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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23
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Yang W, Cao J, Cheng H, Chen L, Yu M, Chen Y, Cui X. Nanoformulations targeting immune cells for cancer therapy: mRNA therapeutics. Bioact Mater 2023; 23:438-470. [PMCID: PMC9712057 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The approved worldwide use of two messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines (BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273) in late 2020 has proven the remarkable success of mRNA therapeutics together with lipid nanoformulation technology in protecting people against coronaviruses during COVID-19 pandemic. This unprecedented and exciting dual strategy with nanoformulations and mRNA therapeutics in play is believed to be a promising paradigm in targeted cancer immunotherapy in future. Recent advances in nanoformulation technologies play a prominent role in adapting mRNA platform in cancer treatment. In this review, we introduce the biologic principles and advancements of mRNA technology, and chemistry fundamentals of intriguing mRNA delivery nanoformulations. We discuss the latest promising nano-mRNA therapeutics for enhanced cancer immunotherapy by modulation of targeted specific subtypes of immune cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs) at peripheral lymphoid organs for initiating mRNA cancer vaccine-mediated antigen specific immunotherapy, and DCs, natural killer (NK) cells, cytotoxic T cells, or multiple immunosuppressive immune cells at tumor microenvironment (TME) for reversing immune evasion. We highlight the clinical progress of advanced nano-mRNA therapeutics in targeted cancer therapy and provide our perspectives on future directions of this transformative integrated technology toward clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Jianwei Cao
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Liang Chen
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Meihua Yu
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China,Corresponding author
| | - Yu Chen
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China,Corresponding author
| | - Xingang Cui
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China,Corresponding author
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24
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Hajiaghapour Asr M, Dayani F, Saedi Segherloo F, Kamedi A, Neill AO, MacLoughlin R, Doroudian M. Lipid Nanoparticles as Promising Carriers for mRNA Vaccines for Viral Lung Infections. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041127. [PMID: 37111613 PMCID: PMC10146241 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increase in deaths due to infectious diseases, most notably in the context of viral respiratory pathogens. Consequently, the focus has shifted in the search for new therapies, with attention being drawn to the use of nanoparticles in mRNA vaccines for targeted delivery to improve the efficacy of these vaccines. Notably, mRNA vaccine technologies denote as a new era in vaccination due to their rapid, potentially inexpensive, and scalable development. Although they do not pose a risk of integration into the genome and are not produced from infectious elements, they do pose challenges, including exposing naked mRNAs to extracellular endonucleases. Therefore, with the development of nanotechnology, we can further improve their efficacy. Nanoparticles, with their nanometer dimensions, move more freely in the body and, due to their small size, have unique physical and chemical properties. The best candidates for vaccine mRNA transfer are lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), which are stable and biocompatible and contain four components: cationic lipids, ionizable lipids, polyethylene glycols (PEGs), and cholesterol, which are used to facilitate cytoplasmic mRNA delivery. In this article, the components and delivery system of mRNA-LNP vaccines against viral lung infections such as influenza, coronavirus, and respiratory syncytial virus are reviewed. Moreover, we provide a succinct overview of current challenges and potential future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mena Hajiaghapour Asr
- Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran 1571914911, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Dayani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran 1571914911, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Saedi Segherloo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran 1571914911, Iran
| | - Ali Kamedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran 1571914911, Iran
| | - Andrew O’ Neill
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Tallaght University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ronan MacLoughlin
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- Research and Development, Science and Emerging Technologies, Aerogen Limited, Galway Business Park, H91 HE94 Galway, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mohammad Doroudian
- Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran 1571914911, Iran
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Tallaght University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
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25
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You H, Jones MK, Gordon CA, Arganda AE, Cai P, Al-Wassiti H, Pouton CW, McManus DP. The mRNA Vaccine Technology Era and the Future Control of Parasitic Infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 2023; 36:e0024121. [PMID: 36625671 PMCID: PMC10035331 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00241-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite intensive long-term efforts, with very few exceptions, the development of effective vaccines against parasitic infections has presented considerable challenges, given the complexity of parasite life cycles, the interplay between parasites and their hosts, and their capacity to escape the host immune system and to regulate host immune responses. For many parasitic diseases, conventional vaccine platforms have generally proven ill suited, considering the complex manufacturing processes involved and the costs they incur, the inability to posttranslationally modify cloned target antigens, and the absence of long-lasting protective immunity induced by these antigens. An effective antiparasite vaccine platform is required to assess the effectiveness of novel vaccine candidates at high throughput. By exploiting the approach that has recently been used successfully to produce highly protective COVID mRNA vaccines, we anticipate a new wave of research to advance the use of mRNA vaccines to prevent parasitic infections in the near future. This article considers the characteristics that are required to develop a potent antiparasite vaccine and provides a conceptual foundation to promote the development of parasite mRNA-based vaccines. We review the recent advances and challenges encountered in developing antiparasite vaccines and evaluate the potential of developing mRNA vaccines against parasites, including those causing diseases such as malaria and schistosomiasis, against which vaccines are currently suboptimal or not yet available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong You
- Department of Infection and Inflammation, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Malcolm K. Jones
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Catherine A. Gordon
- Department of Infection and Inflammation, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alexa E. Arganda
- Department of Infection and Inflammation, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Pengfei Cai
- Department of Infection and Inflammation, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Harry Al-Wassiti
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Colin W. Pouton
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Donald P. McManus
- Department of Infection and Inflammation, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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26
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Feng J, He H. Identification of tumour antigens and immune subtypes in the development of an anti-cancer vaccine for endometrial carcinoma. Scand J Immunol 2023; 97:e13250. [PMID: 36575819 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic application of vaccines to endometrial carcinoma (EC) remains uncertain. In this study, we aimed to identify potential tumour antigens for use in the development of an anti-tumour mRNA vaccine and clarify immune subtypes and their characteristics for immunotherapeutic application in heterogeneous EC by integrating multi-omics data. Importantly, four potential tumour antigen candidates-PGR, RBPJ, PARVG and MSX1-were identified and significantly correlated with better overall survival, disease-free survival and distinct antigen-presenting cell infiltration in EC. In addition, two different immune subtypes by consensus clustering analysis of the immune-related genes were identified. Patients with C2 immunophenotypes exhibited superior survival outcomes and 'hot' immunoreactivity and harboured higher microsatellite instability scores and tumoral mutation burden but lower copy-number variation burden. Furthermore, the distinct expression of immunogenic cell death modulators and differential microenvironmental characteristics of immune-cell infiltration were also revealed between C1 and C2 immune-subtype tumours. Enrichment analysis of the co-expression of immune-related genes showed enrichment in immune response, immune cell-mediated immunity and antigen processing pathways. These results indicated that these identified tumour antigens can be used for developing antitumour mRNA vaccines, and tumours with C2 immunophenotypic characteristics demonstrated sensitivity and susceptibility to immunotherapy in EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyang Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Disease, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Disease, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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27
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Host Cell Restriction Factors Blocking Efficient Vector Transduction: Challenges in Lentiviral and Adeno-Associated Vector Based Gene Therapies. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050732. [PMID: 36899868 PMCID: PMC10001033 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy relies on the delivery of genetic material to the patient's cells in order to provide a therapeutic treatment. Two of the currently most used and efficient delivery systems are the lentiviral (LV) and adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors. Gene therapy vectors must successfully attach, enter uncoated, and escape host restriction factors (RFs), before reaching the nucleus and effectively deliver the therapeutic genetic instructions to the cell. Some of these RFs are ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells, while others are cell-specific, and others still are expressed only upon induction by danger signals as type I interferons. Cell restriction factors have evolved to protect the organism against infectious diseases and tissue damage. These restriction factors can be intrinsic, directly acting on the vector, or related with the innate immune response system, acting indirectly through the induction of interferons, but both are intertwined. The innate immunity is the first line of defense against pathogens and, as such cells derived from myeloid progenitors (but not only), are well equipped with RFs to detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). In addition, some non-professional cells, such as epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts, play major roles in pathogen recognition. Unsurprisingly, foreign DNA and RNA molecules are among the most detected PAMPs. Here, we review and discuss identified RFs that block LV and AAV vector transduction, hindering their therapeutic efficacy.
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28
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Opposite Effects of mRNA-Based and Adenovirus-Vectored SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines on Regulatory T Cells: A Pilot Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020511. [PMID: 36831046 PMCID: PMC9953737 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
New-generation mRNA and adenovirus vectored vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein are endowed with immunogenic, inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Recently, BioNTech developed a noninflammatory tolerogenic mRNA vaccine (MOGm1Ψ) that induces in mice robust expansion of antigen-specific regulatory T (Treg) cells. The Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 is identical to MOGm1Ψ except for the lipid carrier, which differs for containing lipid nanoparticles rather than lipoplex. Here we report that vaccination with BNT162b2 led to an increase in the frequency and absolute count of CD4posCD25highCD127low putative Treg cells; in sharp contrast, vaccination with the adenovirus-vectored ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine led to a significant decrease of CD4posCD25high cells. This pilot study is very preliminary, suffers from important limitations and, frustratingly, very hardly can be refined in Italy because of the >90% vaccination coverage. Thus, the provocative perspective that BNT162b2 and MOGm1Ψ may share the capacity to promote expansion of Treg cells deserves confirmatory studies in other settings.
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29
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Husseini RA, Abe N, Hara T, Abe H, Kogure K. Use of Iontophoresis Technology for Transdermal Delivery of a Minimal mRNA Vaccine as a Potential Melanoma Therapeutic. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:301-308. [PMID: 36724958 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
mRNA vaccines have attracted considerable attention as a result of the 2019 coronavirus pandemic; however, challenges remain regarding use of mRNA vaccines, including insufficient delivery owing to the high molecular weights and high negative charges associated with mRNA. These characteristics of mRNA vaccines impair intracellular uptake and subsequent protein translation. In the current study, we prepared a minimal mRNA vaccine encoding a tumor associated antigen human gp10025-33 peptide (KVPRNQDWL), as a potential treatment for melanoma. Minimal mRNA vaccines have recently shown promise at improving the translational process, and can be prepared via a simple production method. Moreover, we previously reported the successful use of iontophoresis (IP) technology in the delivery of hydrophilic macromolecules into skin layers, as well as intracellular delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA). We hypothesized that combining IP technology with a newly synthesized minimal mRNA vaccine can improve both transdermal and intracellular delivery of mRNA. Following IP-induced delivery of a mRNA vaccine, an immune response is elicited resulting in activation of skin resident immune cells. As expected, combining both technologies led to potent stimulation of the immune system, which was observed via potent tumor inhibition in mice bearing melanoma. Additionally, there was an elevation in mRNA expression levels of various cytokines, mainly interferon (IFN)-γ, as well as infiltration of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in the tumor tissue, which are responsible for tumor clearance. This is the first report demonstrating the application of IP for delivery of a minimal mRNA vaccine as a potential melanoma therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabab A Husseini
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University.,Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Naoko Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University
| | - Tomoaki Hara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University
| | - Hiroshi Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University
| | - Kentaro Kogure
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
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30
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Chen S, Pounraj S, Sivakumaran N, Kakkanat A, Sam G, Kabir MT, Rehm BHA. Precision-engineering of subunit vaccine particles for prevention of infectious diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1131057. [PMID: 36817419 PMCID: PMC9935699 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1131057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines remain the best approach for the prevention of infectious diseases. Protein subunit vaccines are safe compared to live-attenuated whole cell vaccines but often show reduced immunogenicity. Subunit vaccines in particulate format show improved vaccine efficacy by inducing strong immune responses leading to protective immunity against the respective pathogens. Antigens with proper conformation and function are often required to induce functional immune responses. Production of such antigens requiring post-translational modifications and/or composed of multiple complex domains in bacterial hosts remains challenging. Here, we discuss strategies to overcome these limitations toward the development of particulate vaccines eliciting desired humoral and cellular immune responses. We also describe innovative concepts of assembling particulate vaccine candidates with complex antigens bearing multiple post-translational modifications. The approaches include non-covalent attachments (e.g. biotin-avidin affinity) and covalent attachments (e.g. SpyCatcher-SpyTag) to attach post-translationally modified antigens to particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxiong Chen
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers (CCFB), Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia,*Correspondence: Bernd H. A. Rehm, ; Shuxiong Chen,
| | - Saranya Pounraj
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers (CCFB), Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Nivethika Sivakumaran
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers (CCFB), Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Anjali Kakkanat
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers (CCFB), Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Gayathri Sam
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers (CCFB), Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Md. Tanvir Kabir
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers (CCFB), Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Bernd H. A. Rehm
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers (CCFB), Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia,Menzies Health Institute Queensland (MHIQ), Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia,*Correspondence: Bernd H. A. Rehm, ; Shuxiong Chen,
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31
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A Comprehensive Review of mRNA Vaccines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032700. [PMID: 36769023 PMCID: PMC9917162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
mRNA vaccines have been demonstrated as a powerful alternative to traditional conventional vaccines because of their high potency, safety and efficacy, capacity for rapid clinical development, and potential for rapid, low-cost manufacturing. These vaccines have progressed from being a mere curiosity to emerging as COVID-19 pandemic vaccine front-runners. The advancements in the field of nanotechnology for developing delivery vehicles for mRNA vaccines are highly significant. In this review we have summarized each and every aspect of the mRNA vaccine. The article describes the mRNA structure, its pharmacological function of immunity induction, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), and the upstream, downstream, and formulation process of mRNA vaccine manufacturing. Additionally, mRNA vaccines in clinical trials are also described. A deep dive into the future perspectives of mRNA vaccines, such as its freeze-drying, delivery systems, and LNPs targeting antigen-presenting cells and dendritic cells, are also summarized.
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32
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mRNA-From COVID-19 Treatment to Cancer Immunotherapy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020308. [PMID: 36830845 PMCID: PMC9953480 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides an overview covering mRNA from its use in the COVID-19 pandemic to cancer immunotherapy, starting from the selection of appropriate antigens, tumor-associated and tumor-specific antigens, neoantigens, the basics of optimizing the mRNA molecule in terms of stability, efficacy, and tolerability, choosing the best formulation and the optimal route of administration, to summarizing current clinical trials of mRNA vaccines in tumor therapy.
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Yuan Y, Gao F, Chang Y, Zhao Q, He X. Advances of mRNA vaccine in tumor: a maze of opportunities and challenges. Biomark Res 2023; 11:6. [PMID: 36650562 PMCID: PMC9845107 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00449-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
High-frequency mutations in tumor genomes could be exploited as an asset for developing tumor vaccines. In recent years, with the tremendous breakthrough in genomics, intelligence algorithm, and in-depth insight of tumor immunology, it has become possible to rapidly target genomic alterations in tumor cell and rationally select vaccine targets. Among a variety of candidate vaccine platforms, the early application of mRNA was limited by instability low efficiency and excessive immunogenicity until the successful development of mRNA vaccines against SARS-COV-2 broken of technical bottleneck in vaccine preparation, allowing tumor mRNA vaccines to be prepared rapidly in an economical way with good performance of stability and efficiency. In this review, we systematically summarized the classification and characteristics of tumor antigens, the general process and methods for screening neoantigens, the strategies of vaccine preparations and advances in clinical trials, as well as presented the main challenges in the current mRNA tumor vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- grid.413247.70000 0004 1808 0969Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China ,grid.412793.a0000 0004 1799 5032Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Gao
- grid.413247.70000 0004 1808 0969Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China ,grid.412793.a0000 0004 1799 5032Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Chang
- grid.413247.70000 0004 1808 0969Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China ,grid.413247.70000 0004 1808 0969Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiu Zhao
- grid.413247.70000 0004 1808 0969Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China ,grid.413247.70000 0004 1808 0969Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingxing He
- grid.413247.70000 0004 1808 0969Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China ,grid.412793.a0000 0004 1799 5032Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China ,grid.413247.70000 0004 1808 0969Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
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Chavda VP, Soni S, Vora LK, Soni S, Khadela A, Ajabiya J. mRNA-Based Vaccines and Therapeutics for COVID-19 and Future Pandemics. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122150. [PMID: 36560560 PMCID: PMC9785933 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An unheard mobilization of resources to find SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and therapies has been sparked by the COVID-19 pandemic. Two years ago, COVID-19's launch propelled mRNA-based technologies into the public eye. Knowledge gained from mRNA technology used to combat COVID-19 is assisting in the creation of treatments and vaccines to treat existing illnesses and may avert pandemics in the future. Exploiting the capacity of mRNA to create therapeutic proteins to impede or treat a variety of illnesses, including cancer, is the main goal of the quickly developing, highly multidisciplinary field of biomedicine. In this review, we explore the potential of mRNA as a vaccine and therapeutic using current research findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P. Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
- Correspondence: (V.P.C.); (L.K.V.)
| | - Shailvi Soni
- Massachussets College of Pharmacy and Health Science, 19 Foster Street, Worcester, MA 01608, USA
| | - Lalitkumar K. Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
- Correspondence: (V.P.C.); (L.K.V.)
| | - Shruti Soni
- PharmD Section, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Avinash Khadela
- Department of Pharmacology, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Jinal Ajabiya
- Department of Pharmaceutics Analysis and Quality Assurance, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
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Tan H, Yu T, Liu C, Wang Y, Jing F, Ding Z, Liu J, Shi H. Identifying tumor antigens and immuno-subtyping in colon adenocarcinoma to facilitate the development of mRNA vaccine. Cancer Med 2022; 11:4656-4672. [PMID: 35593226 PMCID: PMC9741973 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The mRNA vaccine has provided a promising approach for cancer immunotherapies. However, only a few mRNA vaccines have been developed against colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). Screening potential targets for mRNA vaccines from numerous candidates is a substantial challenge. Considering the tumor heterogeneity, only a subset of patients might respond to vaccinations. This study was conducted to identify potential candidates for mRNA vaccines, and distinguish appropriate subgroups of COAD patients for vaccination. A total of five tumor antigens with prognostic values were identified, including IGF2BP3, DPCR1, HOXD10, TRIM7, and ZIC5. The COAD patients were stratified into five immune subtypes (IS1-IS5), according to consensus clustering analysis. Higher tumor mutation burden (TMB) was observed in IS1 and IS5 subtypes. The IS1 and IS5 subtypes have shown the baseline of immune-hot tumor microenvironment, while other subtypes displayed immune desert phenotype. Distinct expressions of immune checkpoints (ICPs)-related genes and immunogenic cell death (ICD) modulators were observed among five immune subtypes. Finally, the immune landscape was conducted to narrow the immune components for better personalized mRNA-based vaccination. The IFIT3, PARP9, TAP1, STAT1, and OAS2 were confirmed as hub genes, and COAD patients with higher expressions of these genes might be more appropriate for mRNA vaccination. In conclusion, the IGF2BP3, DPCR1, HOXD10, TRIM7, and ZIC5 were identified as potential candidates for developing mRNA vaccines against COAD, and patients in IS1 and IS5 subtypes might respond better to mRNA vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaicheng Tan
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Chunhua Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Fangqi Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhenyu Ding
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jiyan Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Huashan Shi
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of RadiotherapyCancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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36
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Li X, Ma S, Gao T, Mai Y, Song Z, Yang J. The main battlefield of mRNA vaccine – Tumor immune microenvironment. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Wang J, Li J, Wang X, Zhang M, Hu X. Exploitation of tumor antigens and construction of immune subtype classifier for mRNA vaccine development in bladder cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1014638. [PMID: 36569935 PMCID: PMC9769457 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1014638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer (BLCA) is one of the most prevalent urinary system malignancies, with high mortality and recurrence. The present study aimed to identify potential tumor antigens for mRNA vaccines in BLCA and patient subtypes suitable for different immunotherapy. Methods Gene expression profiles, mutation data, methylation data, and corresponding clinical information were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and ArrayExpress databases. Immunohistochemical staining of microarrays was performed to assess protein expression levels of IGF2BP2 and MMP9. Differential gene analysis, survival analysis, correlation analysis, consensus clustering analysis, and immune cell infiltration analysis were conducted using R software. Finally, the R package "immcluster" was used based on Combat and eXtreme Gradient Boosting algorithms to predict immune clusters of BLCA samples. Results Two mutated, amplified, and over-expressed tumor antigens, IGF2BP2 and MMP9, were found to be associated with clinical outcomes and the abundance of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Subsequently, three immune subtypes (BIS1, BIS2, and BIS3) were defined in the BLCA cohort. BIS3 subtype exhibited an "active" immune phenotype, while BIS1 and BIS2 subtypes have a "suppressive" immune phenotype. Patients in BIS1 and BIS2 had a poor prognosis compared to BIS3. BIS3 had a higher score in checkpoints or immunomodulators (CP) and immunophenoscore (IPS), while BIS1 and BIS2 scored higher in major histocompatibility complex-related molecules (MHC molecules). Meanwhile, BIS2 and BIS3 had a significantly higher tumor mutational burden (TMB) compared to patients with BIS1. Finally, the "immcluster" package was applied to the dataset, which has been shown to accurately predict the immune subtypes of BLCA samples in many cohorts. Conclusions IGF2BP2 and MMP9 were potential antigens for developing mRNA vaccines against BLCA. The results in the present study suggested that immunotherapy targeting these two antigens would be suitable for patients falling under the BIS2 subtype. R package "immcluster" could assist in screening suitable BLCA patients for antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxing Li
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Xi Wang, ; Min Zhang, ; Xiaopeng Hu,
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Department of Research Ward, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Xi Wang, ; Min Zhang, ; Xiaopeng Hu,
| | - Xiaopeng Hu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Xi Wang, ; Min Zhang, ; Xiaopeng Hu,
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Li J, Liu Q, Liu J, Wu X, Lei Y, Li S, Zhao D, Li Z, Luo L, Peng S, Ou Y, Yang H, Jin J, Li Y, Peng Y. An mRNA-based rabies vaccine induces strong protective immune responses in mice and dogs. Virol J 2022; 19:184. [PMID: 36371169 PMCID: PMC9652961 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01919-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractRabies is a lethal zoonotic disease that is mainly caused by the rabies virus (RABV). Although effective vaccines have long existed, current vaccines take both time and cost to produce. Messenger RNA (mRNA) technology is an emergent vaccine platform that supports rapid vaccine development on a large scale. Here, an optimized mRNA vaccine construct (LVRNA001) expressing rabies virus glycoprotein (RABV-G) was developed in vitro and then evaluated in vivo for its immunogenicity and protective capacity in mice and dogs. LVRNA001 induced neutralizing antibody production and a strong Th1 cellular immune response in mice. In both mice and dogs, LVRNA001 provided protection against challenge with 50-fold lethal dose 50 (LD50) of RABV. With regards to protective efficiency, an extended dosing interval (14 days) induced greater antibody production than 3- or 7-day intervals in mice. Finally, post-exposure immunization against RABV was performed to evaluate the survival rates of dogs receiving two 25 μg doses of LVRNA001 vs. five doses of inactivated vaccine over the course of three months. Survival rate in the LVRNA001 group was 100%, whereas survival rate in the inactivated vaccine control group was only 33.33%. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that LVRNA001 induced strong protective immune responses in mice and dogs, which provides a new and promising prophylactic strategy for rabies.
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Liu T, Gao C, Gu D, Tang H. Cell-based carrier for targeted hitchhiking delivery. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:2634-2648. [PMID: 35499717 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01149-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery systems aim at improving drug transport efficiency and therapeutic efficacy by rational design, and current research on conventional delivery systems brings new developments for disease treatment. Recently, studies on cell-based drug delivery systems are rapidly emerging, which shows great advantages in comparison to conventional drug delivery system. The system uses cells as carriers to delivery conventional drugs or nanomedicines and shows good biocompatibility and enhanced targeting efficiency, beneficial from self component and its physiological function. The construction methodology of cell-based carrier determines the effect on the physiological functions of transporting cell and affects its clinical application. There are different strategies to prepare cell-based carrier, such as direct internalization or surface conjugation of drugs or drug loaded materials. Thus, it is necessary to fully understand the advantages and disadvantages of different strategies for constructing cell-based carrier and then to seek the appropriate construction methodology for achieving better therapeutic results based on disease characterization. We here summarize the application of different types of cell-based carriers reported in recent years and further discuss their applications in disease therapy and the dilemmas faced in clinical translation. We hope that this summary can accelerate the process of clinical translation by promoting the technology development of cell-based carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonggong Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Cheng Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dayong Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China.
| | - Huanwen Tang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
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40
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Wang ZL, Huang RY, Han B, Wu F, Sun ZY, Li GZ, Zhang W, Zhao Z, Liu X. Identification of tumor-associated antigens and immune subtypes of lower-grade glioma and glioblastoma for mRNA vaccine development. Chin Neurosurg J 2022; 8:34. [PMID: 36307882 PMCID: PMC9614757 DOI: 10.1186/s41016-022-00301-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background mRNA became a promising therapeutic approach in many diseases. This study aimed to identify the tumor antigens specifically expressed in tumor cells for lower-grade glioma (LGG) and glioblastoma (GBM) patients. Methods In this work, the mRNA microarray expression profile and clinical data were obtained from 301 samples in the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database, the mRNA sequencing data and clinical data of 701 samples were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Genetic alterations profiles were extracted from CGGA and cBioPortal datasets. R language and GraphPad Prism software were applied for the statistical analysis and graph work. Results PTBP1 and SLC39A1, which were overexpressed and indicated poor prognosis in LGG patients, were selected as tumor-specific antigens for LGG patients. Meanwhile, MMP9 and SLC16A3, the negative prognostic factors overexpressed in GBM, were identified as tumor-specific antigens for GBM patients. Besides, three immune subtypes (LGG1-LGG3) and eight WGCNA modules were identified in LGG patients. Meanwhile, two immune subtypes (GBM1–GBM2) and 10 WGCNA modules were selected in GBM. The immune characteristics and potential functions between different subtypes were diversity. LGG2 and GBM1 immune subtype were associated with longer overall survival than other subtypes. Conclusion In this study, PTBP1 and SLC39A1 are promising antigens for mRNA vaccines development in LGG, and MMP9 and SLC16A3 were potential antigens in GBM. Our analyses indicated that mRNA vaccine immunotherapy was more suitable for LGG2 and GBM1 subtypes. This study was helpful for the development of glioma immunotherapies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41016-022-00301-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-liang Wang
- grid.411617.40000 0004 0642 1244Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruo-yu Huang
- grid.411617.40000 0004 0642 1244Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Beijing, 100070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Han
- grid.411617.40000 0004 0642 1244Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Wu
- grid.411617.40000 0004 0642 1244Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Beijing, 100070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-yan Sun
- grid.411617.40000 0004 0642 1244Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Beijing, 100070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guan-zhang Li
- grid.411617.40000 0004 0642 1244Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Beijing, 100070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- grid.411617.40000 0004 0642 1244Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- grid.411617.40000 0004 0642 1244Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Beijing, 100070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing Liu
- grid.411617.40000 0004 0642 1244Department of Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Beijing, 100070 People’s Republic of China
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41
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Jansen EM, Frijlink HW, Hinrichs WLJ, Ruigrok MJR. Are inhaled mRNA vaccines safe and effective? A review of preclinical studies. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:1471-1485. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2131767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evalyne M Jansen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henderik W Frijlink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter LJ Hinrichs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mitchel JR Ruigrok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Papukashvili D, Rcheulishvili N, Liu C, Ji Y, He Y, Wang PG. Self-Amplifying RNA Approach for Protein Replacement Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12884. [PMID: 36361673 PMCID: PMC9655356 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) technology has already been successfully tested preclinically and there are ongoing clinical trials for protein replacement purposes; however, more effort has been put into the development of prevention strategies against infectious diseases. Apparently, mRNA vaccine approval against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a landmark for opening new opportunities for managing diverse health disorders based on this approach. Indeed, apart from infectious diseases, it has also been widely tested in numerous directions including cancer prevention and the treatment of inherited disorders. Interestingly, self-amplifying RNA (saRNA)-based technology is believed to display more developed RNA therapy compared with conventional mRNA technique in terms of its lower dosage requirements, relatively fewer side effects, and possessing long-lasting effects. Nevertheless, some challenges still exist that need to be overcome in order to achieve saRNA-based drug approval in clinics. Hence, the current review discusses the feasibility of saRNA utility for protein replacement therapy on various health disorders including rare hereditary diseases and also provides a detailed overview of saRNA advantages, its molecular structure, mechanism of action, and relevant delivery platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yunjiao He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Peng George Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China
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43
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Huang X, Zhang G, Tang TY, Gao X, Liang TB. Personalized pancreatic cancer therapy: from the perspective of mRNA vaccine. Mil Med Res 2022; 9:53. [PMID: 36224645 PMCID: PMC9556149 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-022-00416-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is characterized by inter-tumoral and intra-tumoral heterogeneity, especially in genetic alteration and microenvironment. Conventional therapeutic strategies for pancreatic cancer usually suffer resistance, highlighting the necessity for personalized precise treatment. Cancer vaccines have become promising alternatives for pancreatic cancer treatment because of their multifaceted advantages including multiple targeting, minimal nonspecific effects, broad therapeutic window, low toxicity, and induction of persistent immunological memory. Multiple conventional vaccines based on the cells, microorganisms, exosomes, proteins, peptides, or DNA against pancreatic cancer have been developed; however, their overall efficacy remains unsatisfactory. Compared with these vaccine modalities, messager RNA (mRNA)-based vaccines offer technical and conceptional advances in personalized precise treatment, and thus represent a potentially cutting-edge option in novel therapeutic approaches for pancreatic cancer. This review summarizes the current progress on pancreatic cancer vaccines, highlights the superiority of mRNA vaccines over other conventional vaccines, and proposes the viable tactic for designing and applying personalized mRNA vaccines for the precise treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China. .,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China. .,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China. .,The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China. .,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Gang Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tian-Yu Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ting-Bo Liang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China. .,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China. .,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China. .,The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China. .,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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44
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Li RQ, Wang W, Yan L, Song LY, Guan X, Zhang W, Lian J. Identification of tumor antigens and immune subtypes in breast cancer for mRNA vaccine development. Front Oncol 2022; 12:973712. [PMID: 36226063 PMCID: PMC9548593 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.973712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Poor prognosis, resistance to chemotherapy, insensitivity to radiotherapy, and a high prevalence of adverse drug reactions remain urgent issues for breast cancer (BC) patients. Increased knowledge of tumor immunobiology and vaccine development suggests the possibility of cancer vaccination. Here, we investigated potential BC-associated antigens for the development of an anti-BC mRNA vaccine and populations suitable for mRNA vaccination. Methods Gene expression and clinical data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC). The single-cell sequencing data were obtained from the Single Cell Portal platform. cBioPortal was used to visualize and compare genetic alterations. Correlations between immune cell infiltration and antigen expression were visualized with the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER). Immune subtypes were identified by consensus clustering and analysis of immune infiltration. Biomarkers for the assessment of mRNA vaccination suitability were investigated. Results Three tumor-associated antigens, CD74, IRF1, and PSME2, that showed overexpression, amplification, and mutation and were linked with prognosis and immune cell infiltration, were identified. Single-cell sequencing analysis showed the expression of the three tumor-associated antigens in different cells of BC. Three immune subtypes were identified among BC patients, with Cluster B patients having a tumor microenvironment conducive to immunotherapy. These subtypes also showed different expression patterns of immune checkpoints, immune cell death-promoting genes, and response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. Thus, we identified five biomarkers that could be applied for assessing vaccination suitability and predicted drugs that would be appropriate for patients unsuited for vaccination. Conclusions Our findings suggest new directions for the development of mRNA vaccines against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo Qi Li
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- General Surgery Department, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Shanxi Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanxi Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li Ying Song
- Thyroid Surgery Department, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xin Guan
- Cardiovascular Department, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jing Lian
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Lian,
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Tsao SY. Potential of mRNA vaccines to become versatile cancer vaccines. World J Clin Oncol 2022; 13:663-674. [PMID: 36160466 PMCID: PMC9476609 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v13.i8.663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
For centuries, therapeutic cancer vaccines have been developed and tried clinically. Way back in the late 19th century, the Father of Immunotherapy, William Coley had discovered that bacterial toxins were effective for inoperable sarcomas. In the 1970s, the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine was repurposed, e.g., for advanced melanomas. Then, therapeutic cancer vaccines based on tumor-associated antigens (found on the surfaces of cancer cells) were tried clinically but apparently have not made a really significant clinical impact. For repurposed pathogen vaccines, only the BCG vaccine was approved in 1989 for local application to treat nonmuscle-invading bladder cancers. Although the mildly toxic vaccine adjuvants deliberately added to conventional pathogen vaccines are appropriate for seasonal applications, when repurposed for continual oncology usage, toxicity may be problematic. In 2010, even with the approval of sipuleucel-T as the very first cancer vaccine (dendritic cell) developed for designated prostate cancers, it has also not made a really significant clinical impact. Perhaps more "user friendly" cancer vaccines should be explored. As from approximately 30 years ago, the safety and effectiveness of mRNA vaccination for oncology had already been studied, the current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, though disastrous, has given such progressively advancing technology a kickstart. For oncology, other virtues of mRNA vaccines seem advantageous, e.g., rapid and versatile development, convenient modular design, and entirely cell-free synthesis, are being progressively recognized. Moreover, mRNAs encoding various oncology antigens for vaccination may also be tested with the combi-nation of relatively non-toxic modalities of oncology treatments, e.g., metformin or metronomic (low-dose, prolonged administration) chemotherapy. Admittedly, robust clinical data obtained through good quality clinical trials are mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiu-Ying Tsao
- Department of Oncology, Hong Kong SAR Oncology Centre, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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46
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Lymperaki E, Kazeli K, Tsamesidis I, Nikza P, Poimenidou I, Vagdatli E. A Preliminary Study about the Role of Reactive Oxygen Species and Inflammatory Process after COVID-19 Vaccination and COVID-19 Disease. Clin Pract 2022; 12:599-608. [PMID: 36005066 PMCID: PMC9406688 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract12040063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last couple of critical years, worldwide, there have been more than 550 million confirmed cases of COVID-19, including more than 6 million deaths (reported by the WHO); with respect to these cases, several vaccines, mainly mRNA vaccines, seem to prevent and protect from SARS-CoV-2 infection. We hypothesize that oxidative stress is one of the key factors playing an important role in both the generation and development of various kinds of disease, as well as antibody generation, as many biological paths can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cellular activities can be modulated when ROS/antioxidant balance is interrupted. A pilot study was conducted in two stages during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021 involving 222 participants between the ages of 26 and 66 years. ROS levels were measured before an after vaccination in the blood samples of 20 individuals who were vaccinated with two doses of mRNA vaccine, and an increase in ROS levels was observed after the first dose, with no modifications observed until the day before the second vaccination dose. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) was observed between time points 3 and 4 (before and after second dose), when participants were vaccinated for the second time, and ROS levels decreased from 21,758 to 17,580 a.u. In the second stage, blood was collected from 28 participants 45 days after COVID-19 infection (Group A), from 131 participants 45 days after receiving two doses of mRNA vaccine against COVID-19 (Group B), and from 13 healthy individuals as a control group (Group C). Additionally, antibodies levels were measured in all groups to investigate a possible correlation with ROS levels. A strong negative correlation was found between free radicals and disease antibodies in Group A (r = −0.45, p = 0.001), especially in the male subgroup (r = −0.88, p = 0.001), as well as in the female subgroup (r = −0.24, p < 0.001). Furthermore, no significant correlation (only a negative trend) was found with antibodies derived from vaccination in Group B (r = −0.01), and a negative trend was observed in the female subgroup, whereas a positive trend was observed in the male subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Lymperaki
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2310013882
| | - Konstantina Kazeli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
- School of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tsamesidis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Polykseni Nikza
- Nea Michaniona Health Care Centre, 57004 Nea Michaniona, Greece
| | - Irini Poimenidou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Vagdatli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
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De Marco G, Giryes S, Williams K, Alcorn N, Slade M, Fitton J, Nizam S, Smithson G, Iqbal K, Tran G, Pekarska K, Keen MUH, Solaiman M, Middleton E, Wood S, Buss R, Devine K, Marzo-Ortega H, Green M, McGonagle DG. A Large Cluster of New Onset Autoimmune Myositis in the Yorkshire Region Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081184. [PMID: 35893834 PMCID: PMC9331977 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The novel SARS-CoV-2 vaccines partially exploit intrinsic DNA or RNA adjuvanticity, with dysregulation in the metabolism of both these nucleic acids independently linked to triggering experimental autoimmune diseases, including lupus and myositis. Methods: Herein, we present 15 new onset autoimmune myositis temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 RNA or DNA-based vaccines that occurred between February 2021 and April 2022. Musculoskeletal, pulmonary, cutaneous and cardiac manifestations, laboratory and imaging data were collected. Results: In total, 15 cases of new onset myositis (11 polymyositis/necrotizing/overlap myositis; 4 dermatomyositis) were identified in the Yorkshire region of approximately 5.6 million people, between February 2021 and April 2022 (10 females/5 men; mean age was 66.1 years; range 37–83). New onset disease occurred after first vaccination (5 cases), second vaccination (7 cases) or after the third dose (3 cases), which was often a different vaccine. Of the cases, 6 had systemic complications including skin (3 cases), lung (3 cases), heart (2 cases) and 10/15 had myositis associated autoantibodies. All but 1 case had good therapy responses. Adverse event following immunization (AEFI) could not be explained based on the underlying disease/co-morbidities. Conclusion: Compared with our usual regional Rheumatology clinical experience, a surprisingly large number of new onset myositis cases presented during the period of observation. Given that antigen release inevitably follows muscle injury and given the role of nucleic acid adjuvanticity in autoimmunity and muscle disease, further longitudinal studies are required to explore potential links between novel coronavirus vaccines and myositis in comparison with more traditional vaccine methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele De Marco
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK; (G.D.M.); (K.D.); (H.M.-O.)
- Section of Experimental Rheumatology, The Leeds Institute for Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK;
| | - Sami Giryes
- Section of Experimental Rheumatology, The Leeds Institute for Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK;
| | - Katie Williams
- York and Scarborough Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, York YO31 8HE, UK; (K.W.); (N.A.); (M.S.); (J.F.)
| | - Nicola Alcorn
- York and Scarborough Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, York YO31 8HE, UK; (K.W.); (N.A.); (M.S.); (J.F.)
| | - Maria Slade
- York and Scarborough Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, York YO31 8HE, UK; (K.W.); (N.A.); (M.S.); (J.F.)
| | - John Fitton
- York and Scarborough Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, York YO31 8HE, UK; (K.W.); (N.A.); (M.S.); (J.F.)
| | - Sharmin Nizam
- Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Wakefield WF1 4DG, UK; (S.N.); (G.S.); (K.I.)
| | - Gayle Smithson
- Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Wakefield WF1 4DG, UK; (S.N.); (G.S.); (K.I.)
| | - Khizer Iqbal
- Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Wakefield WF1 4DG, UK; (S.N.); (G.S.); (K.I.)
| | - Gui Tran
- Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate HG2 7SX, UK; (G.T.); (K.P.); (M.G.)
| | - Katrina Pekarska
- Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate HG2 7SX, UK; (G.T.); (K.P.); (M.G.)
| | | | - Mohammad Solaiman
- Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull HU3 2JZ, UK; (M.S.); (E.M.); (S.W.); (R.B.)
| | - Edward Middleton
- Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull HU3 2JZ, UK; (M.S.); (E.M.); (S.W.); (R.B.)
| | - Samuel Wood
- Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull HU3 2JZ, UK; (M.S.); (E.M.); (S.W.); (R.B.)
| | - Rihards Buss
- Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull HU3 2JZ, UK; (M.S.); (E.M.); (S.W.); (R.B.)
| | - Kirsty Devine
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK; (G.D.M.); (K.D.); (H.M.-O.)
| | - Helena Marzo-Ortega
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK; (G.D.M.); (K.D.); (H.M.-O.)
- Section of Experimental Rheumatology, The Leeds Institute for Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK;
| | - Mike Green
- Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate HG2 7SX, UK; (G.T.); (K.P.); (M.G.)
| | - Dennis Gerald McGonagle
- Section of Experimental Rheumatology, The Leeds Institute for Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK;
- Correspondence:
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Zhu Y, Zhu L, Wang X, Jin H. RNA-based therapeutics: an overview and prospectus. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:644. [PMID: 35871216 PMCID: PMC9308039 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05075-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The growing understanding of RNA functions and their crucial roles in diseases promotes the application of various RNAs to selectively function on hitherto "undruggable" proteins, transcripts and genes, thus potentially broadening the therapeutic targets. Several RNA-based medications have been approved for clinical use, while others are still under investigation or preclinical trials. Various techniques have been explored to promote RNA intracellular trafficking and metabolic stability, despite significant challenges in developing RNA-based therapeutics. In this review, the mechanisms of action, challenges, solutions, and clinical application of RNA-based therapeutics have been comprehensively summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Zhu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XLaboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Liyuan Zhu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XLaboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Xian Wang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Hongchuan Jin
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XLaboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
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Tang TY, Huang X, Zhang G, Lu MH, Liang TB. mRNA vaccine development for cholangiocarcinoma: a precise pipeline. Mil Med Res 2022; 9:40. [PMID: 35821067 PMCID: PMC9277828 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-022-00399-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CHOL) is one of the most aggressive tumors worldwide and cannot be effectively treated by conventional and novel treatments, including immune checkpoint blockade therapy. The mRNA vaccine-based immunotherapeutic strategy has attracted much attention for various diseases, however, its application in CHOL is limited due to the thoughtlessness in the integration of vaccine design and patient selection. A recent study established an integrated path for identifying potent CHOL antigens for mRNA vaccine development and a precise stratification for identifying CHOL patients who can benefit from the mRNA vaccines. In spite of a promising prospect, further investigations should identify immunogenic antigens and onco-immunological characteristics of CHOL to guide the clinical application of CHOL mRNA vaccines in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yu Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003 China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009 China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003 China
- Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009 China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Xing Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003 China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009 China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003 China
- Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009 China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003 China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009 China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003 China
- Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009 China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Ming-Hao Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003 China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009 China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003 China
- Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009 China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Ting-Bo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003 China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009 China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003 China
- Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009 China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
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50
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Gómez-Aguado I, Rodríguez-Castejón J, Beraza-Millor M, Rodríguez-Gascón A, Del Pozo-Rodríguez A, Solinís MÁ. mRNA delivery technologies: Toward clinical translation. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 372:207-293. [PMID: 36064265 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA)-therapies have recently taken a huge step toward clinic thanks to the first mRNA-based medicinal products marketed. mRNA features for clinical purposes are improved by chemical modifications, but the inclusion in a delivery system is a regular requirement. mRNA nanomedicines must be designed for the specific therapeutic purpose, protecting the nucleic acid and facilitating the overcoming of biological barriers. Polymers, polypeptides, and cationic lipids are the main used materials to design mRNA delivery systems. Among them, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are the most advanced ones, and currently they are at the forefront of preclinical and clinical evaluation in several fields, including immunotherapy (against infectious diseases and cancer), protein replacement, gene editing and regenerative medicine. This chapter includes an overview on mRNA delivery technologies, with special interest in LNPs, and the most recent advances in their clinical application. Liposomes are the mRNA delivery technology with the highest clinical translation among LNPs, whereas the first clinical trial of a therapeutic mRNA formulated in exosomes has been recently approved for protein replacement therapy. The first mRNA products approved by the regulatory agencies worldwide are LNP-based mRNA vaccines against viral infections, specifically against the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The clinical translation of mRNA-therapies for cancer is mainly focused on three strategies: anti-cancer vaccination by means of delivering cancer antigens or acting as an adjuvant, mRNA-engineered chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) and T-cell receptors (TCRs), and expression of antibodies and immunomodulators. Cancer immunotherapy and, more recently, COVID-19 vaccines spearhead the advance of mRNA clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itziar Gómez-Aguado
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Disease, Antimicrobial Agents, and Gene Therapy, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Julen Rodríguez-Castejón
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Disease, Antimicrobial Agents, and Gene Therapy, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Marina Beraza-Millor
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Disease, Antimicrobial Agents, and Gene Therapy, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Alicia Rodríguez-Gascón
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Disease, Antimicrobial Agents, and Gene Therapy, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Ana Del Pozo-Rodríguez
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Disease, Antimicrobial Agents, and Gene Therapy, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Solinís
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Disease, Antimicrobial Agents, and Gene Therapy, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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