1
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Ju Y, Xu D, Liao MM, Sun Y, Bao WD, Yao F, Ma L. Barriers and opportunities in pancreatic cancer immunotherapy. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:199. [PMID: 39266715 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00681-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) presents a fatal clinical challenge characterized by a dismal 5-year overall survival rate, primarily due to the lack of early diagnosis and limited therapeutic efficacy. Immunotherapy, a proven success in multiple cancers, has yet to demonstrate significant benefits in PDAC. Recent studies have revealed the immunosuppressive characteristics of the PDAC tumor microenvironment (TME), including immune cells with suppressive properties, desmoplastic stroma, microbiome influences, and PDAC-specific signaling pathways. In this article, we review recent advances in understanding the immunosuppressive TME of PDAC, TME differences among various mouse models of pancreatic cancer, and the mechanisms underlying resistance to immunotherapeutic interventions. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of targeting cancer cell-intrinsic pathways and TME components to sensitize PDAC to immune therapies, providing insights into strategies and future perspectives to break through the barriers in improving pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Ju
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Dongzhi Xu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Miao-Miao Liao
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yutong Sun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wen-Dai Bao
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Fan Yao
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China.
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China.
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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2
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Mansoori S, Noei A, Maali A, Seyed-Motahari SS, Sharifzadeh Z. Recent updates on allogeneic CAR-T cells in hematological malignancies. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:304. [PMID: 39227937 PMCID: PMC11370086 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03479-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
CAR-T cell therapy is known as an effective therapy in patients with hematological malignancies. Since 2017, several autologous CAR-T cell (auto-CAR-T) drugs have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of some kinds of relapsed/refractory hematological malignancies. However, some patients fail to respond to these drugs due to high manufacturing time, batch-to-batch variation, poor quality and insufficient quantity of primary T cells, and their insufficient expansion and function. CAR-T cells prepared from allogeneic sources (allo-CAR-Ts) can be an alternative option to overcome these obstacles. Recently, several allo-CAR-Ts have entered into the early clinical trials. Despite their promising preclinical and clinical results, there are two main barriers, including graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and allo-rejection that may decline the safety and efficacy of allo-CAR-Ts in the clinic. The successful development of these products depends on the starter cell source, the gene editing method, and the ability to escape immune rejection and prevent GvHD. Here, we summarize the gene editing technologies and the potential of various cell sources for developing allo-CAR-Ts and highlight their advantages for the treatment of hematological malignancies. We also describe preclinical and clinical data focusing on allo-CAR-T therapy in blood malignancies and discuss challenges and future perspectives of allo-CAR-Ts for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Noei
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Maali
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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3
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Hou R, Zhang X, Wang X, Zhao X, Li S, Guan Z, Cao J, Liu D, Zheng J, Shi M. In vivo manufacture and manipulation of CAR-T cells for better druggability. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:1075-1093. [PMID: 38592427 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-024-10185-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The current CAR-T cell therapy products have been hampered in their druggability due to the personalized preparation required, unclear pharmacokinetic characteristics, and unpredictable adverse reactions. Enabling standardized manufacturing and having clear efficacy and pharmacokinetic characteristics are prerequisites for ensuring the effective practicality of CAR-T cell therapy drugs. This review provides a broad overview of the different approaches for controlling behaviors of CAR-T cells in vivo. The utilization of genetically modified vectors enables in vivo production of CAR-T cells, thereby abbreviating or skipping the lengthy in vitro expansion process. By equipping CAR-T cells with intricately designed control elements, using molecule switches or small-molecule inhibitors, the control of CAR-T cell activity can be achieved. Moreover, the on-off control of CAR-T cell activity would yield potential gains in phenotypic remodeling. These methods provide beneficial references for the future development of safe, controllable, convenient, and suitable for standardized production of CAR-T cell therapy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hou
- College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sijin Li
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhangchun Guan
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiang Cao
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ming Shi
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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4
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Lin H, Yang X, Ye S, Huang L, Mu W. Antigen escape in CAR-T cell therapy: Mechanisms and overcoming strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117252. [PMID: 39098176 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has shown promise in treating hematological malignancies and certain solid tumors. However, its efficacy is often hindered by negative relapses resulting from antigen escape. This review firstly elucidates the mechanisms underlying antigen escape during CAR-T cell therapy, including the enrichment of pre-existing target-negative tumor clones, antigen gene mutations or alternative splicing, deficits in antigen processing, antigen redistribution, lineage switch, epitope masking, and trogocytosis-mediated antigen loss. Furthermore, we summarize various strategies to overcome antigen escape, evaluate their advantages and limitations, and propose future research directions. Thus, we aim to provide valuable insights to enhance the effectiveness of CAR-T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolong Lin
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xiuxiu Yang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Shanwei Ye
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Liang Huang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China.
| | - Wei Mu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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5
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Zhao W, Yao Y, Li Q, Xue Y, Gao X, Liu X, Zhang Q, Zheng J, Sun S. Molecular mechanism of co-stimulatory domains in promoting CAR-T cell anti-tumor efficacy. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 227:116439. [PMID: 39032532 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells have been defined as 'living drug'. Adding a co-stimulatory domain (CSD) has enhanced the anti-hematological effects of CAR-T cells, thereby elevating their viability for medicinal applications. Various CSDs have helped prepare CAR-T cells to study anti-tumor efficacy. Previous studies have described and summarized the anti-tumor efficacy of CAR-T cells obtained from different CSDs. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which different CSDs affect CAR-T function have been rarely reported. The role of CSDs in T cells has been significantly studied, but whether they can play a unique role as a part of the CAR structure remains undetermined. Here, we summarized the effects of CSDs on CAR-T signaling pathways based on the limited references and speculated the possible mechanism depending on the specific characteristics of CAR-T cells. This review will help understand the molecular mechanism of CSDs in CAR-T cells that exert different anti-tumor effects while providing potential guidance for further interventions to enhance anti-tumor efficacy in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxin Zhao
- Cancer Institute, the First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yizhou Yao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qihong Li
- Cancer Institute, the First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Xue
- Cancer Institute, the First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoge Gao
- Cancer Institute, the First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangye Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Cancer Institute, the First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shishuo Sun
- Cancer Institute, the First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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6
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Liu Z, Xiao Y, Lyu J, Jing D, Liu L, Fu Y, Niu W, Jin L, Zhang C. The expanded application of CAR-T cell therapy for the treatment of multiple non-tumoral diseases. Protein Cell 2024; 15:633-641. [PMID: 38146589 PMCID: PMC11365555 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwad061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoqun Liu
- Fundamental Research Center, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 201619, China
| | - Yuchen Xiao
- Fundamental Research Center, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 201619, China
| | - Jianjun Lyu
- Hubei Topgene Research Institute of Hubei Topgene Biotechnology Co., Ltd., East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Duohui Jing
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Shanghai Yuhui Pharmaceutical Technology (Group) Co., Ltd., and Shanghai Ruishen Technology Development Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yanbin Fu
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wenxin Niu
- Fundamental Research Center, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 201619, China
| | - Lingjing Jin
- Fundamental Research Center, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 201619, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Fundamental Research Center, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 201619, China
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7
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Srivastava S, Tyagi A, Pawar VA, Khan NH, Arora K, Verma C, Kumar V. Revolutionizing Immunotherapy: Unveiling New Horizons, Confronting Challenges, and Navigating Therapeutic Frontiers in CAR-T Cell-Based Gene Therapies. Immunotargets Ther 2024; 13:413-433. [PMID: 39219644 PMCID: PMC11365499 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s474659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The CAR-T cell therapy has marked the dawn of new era in the cancer therapeutics and cell engineering techniques. The review emphasizes on the challenges that obstruct the therapeutic efficiency caused by cell toxicities, immunosuppressive tumor environment, and decreased T cell infiltration. In the interest of achieving the overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) of patients, the conceptual background of potential target selection and various CAR-T cell design techniques are described which can minimize the off-target effects, reduce toxicity, and thus increase the resilience of CAR-T cell treatment in the haematological malignancies as well as in solid tumors. Furthermore, it delves into cutting-edge technologies like gene editing and synthetic biology, providing new opportunities to enhance the functionality of CAR-T cells and overcome mechanisms of immune evasion. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the complex and diverse aspects of CAR-T cell-based gene treatments, including both scientific and clinical aspects. By effectively addressing the obstacles and utilizing the capabilities of cutting-edge technology, CAR-T cell therapy shows potential in fundamentally changing immunotherapy and reshaping the approach to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anuradha Tyagi
- Department of cBRN, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Science, Delhi, India
| | | | - Nawaid Hussain Khan
- Faculty of Medicine, Ala-Too International University, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - Kavita Arora
- Advanced Instrumentation Research Facility, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
- School of Computational & Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Chaitenya Verma
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Biotechnology, SSET, Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201306, India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Pennsylvania State University Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Dr, Heshey, PA, USA
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Ding M, Lin J, Qin C, Fu Y, Du Y, Qiu X, Wei P, Xu T. Novel CAR-T Cells Specifically Targeting SIA-CIgG Demonstrate Effective Antitumor Efficacy in Bladder Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2400156. [PMID: 39178136 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a promising cancer treatment method. However, its application in bladder cancer (BC) remains limited, partially because of the absence of appropriate target molecules. Sialylated cancer-derived IgG (SIA-CIgG) is highly expressed in BC and is closely associated with malignant biological behavior. However, its potential as a target for CAR-T cell therapy to treat BC is yet to be established. Here, it is found that SIA-CIgG is highly expressed in most BC samples but displayed limited expression in normal tissues. CAR-T cells specifically targeting SIA-CIgG can effectively lyse BC cells and the cytotoxicity depends on SIA-CIgG expression. Furthermore, SIA-CIgG CAR-T cells demonstrate milder tumor cell lysis and enhanced persistence compared with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) CAR-T cells, which have undergone extensive clinical trials. After repeated tumor antigen challenges, SIA-CIgG CAR-T cells display substantial alterations in both the transcriptome and chromatin accessibility. When combining SIA-CIgG CAR-T cell therapy with FDA-approved drugs to treat BC, the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), vorinostat, is found to enhance the ablility of CAR-T cells for tumor cell lysis. Therefore, the combination of SIA-CIgG CAR-T cells and vorinostat is promising for BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Ding
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Jiaxing Lin
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Caipeng Qin
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yuhao Fu
- Center for Cell and Gene Circuit Design, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Yiqing Du
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiaoyan Qiu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Center for Cell and Gene Circuit Design, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
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Zhang D, Sun D. Current progress in CAR-based therapy for kidney disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1408718. [PMID: 39234257 PMCID: PMC11372788 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1408718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite significant breakthroughs in the understanding of immunological and pathophysiological features for immune-mediated kidney diseases, a proportion of patients exhibit poor responses to current therapies or have been categorized as refractory renal disease. Engineered T cells have emerged as a focal point of interest as a potential treatment strategy for kidney diseases. By genetically modifying T cells and arming them with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), effectively targeting autoreactive immune cells, such as B cells or antibody-secreting plasma cells, has become feasible. The emergence of CAR T-cell therapy has shown promising potential in directing effector and regulatory T cells (Tregs) to the site of autoimmunity, paving the way for effective migration, proliferation, and execution of suppressive functions. Genetically modified T-cells equipped with artificial receptors have become a novel approach for alleviating autoimmune manifestations and reducing autoinflammatory events in the context of kidney diseases. Here, we review the latest developments in basic, translational, and clinical studies of CAR-based therapies for immune-mediated kidney diseases, highlighting their potential as promising avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diagnostics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Clinical Research Center For Kidney Disease, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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10
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Gu X, Zhang Y, Zhou W, Wang F, Yan F, Gao H, Wang W. Infusion and delivery strategies to maximize the efficacy of CAR-T cell immunotherapy for cancers. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:70. [PMID: 39061100 PMCID: PMC11282638 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00542-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has achieved substantial clinical outcomes for tumors, especially for hematological malignancies. However, extending the duration of remission, reduction of relapse for hematological malignancies and improvement of the anti-tumor efficacy for solid tumors are challenges for CAR-T cells immunotherapy. Besides the endeavors to enhance the functionality of CAR-T cell per se, optimization of the infusion and delivery strategies facilitates the breakthrough of the hurdles that limited the efficacy of this cancer immunotherapy. Here, we summarized the infusion and delivery strategies of CAR-T cell therapies under pre-clinical study, clinical trials and on-market status, through which the improvements of safety and efficacy for hematological and solid tumors were analyzed. Of note, novel infusion and delivery strategies, including local-regional infusion, biomaterials bearing the CAR-T cells and multiple infusion technique, overcome many limitations of CAR-T cell therapy. This review provides hints to determine infusion and delivery strategies of CAR-T cell cancer immunotherapy to maximize clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Gu
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yalan Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Weilin Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengling Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiyang Yan
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haozhan Gao
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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Grahnert A, Seiffert S, Wenk K, Schmiedel D, Boldt A, Vucinic V, Merz M, Platzbecker U, Klemann C, Koehl U, Friedrich M. Evaluation of Anti-CAR Linker mAbs for CAR T Monitoring after BiTEs/bsAbs and CAR T-Cell Pretreatment. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1641. [PMID: 39200107 PMCID: PMC11351819 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
For the monitoring of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies, antigen-based CAR detection methods are usually applied. However, for each target-antigen, a separate detection system is required. Furthermore, when monitored CAR T-cells in the blood of patients treated with bispecific antibodies or T-cell engagers (bsAbs/BiTEs) recognize the same antigen, these methods produce false-positive results in clinical diagnostics. Anti-CAR-linker monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the linker sequence between the variable domains of the antigen binding CAR fragment promise a universal and unbiased CAR detection. To test this, we analyzed clinical specimens of all BCMA- and CD19-targeting CAR T-cell products currently approved for clinical use. We found a highly specific and sensitive CAR detection using anti-CAR-linker mAb in blood cells from patients treated with Ide-cel, Tisa-cel, Axi-cel, Brexu-cel, and Liso-cel. For Ide-cel and Tisa-cel, the sensitivity was significantly lower compared to that for antigen-based CAR detection assays. Strikingly, the specificity of anti-CAR linker mAb was not affected by the simultaneous presence of bispecific blinatumomab or teclistamab for Axi-cel, Brexu-cel, Liso-cel, or Ide-cel, respectively. Cilta-cel (containing a monomeric G4S-CAR linker) could not be detected by anti-CAR linker mAb. In conclusion, anti-CAR-linker mAbs are highly specific and useful for CAR T-cell monitoring but are not universally applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Grahnert
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Immunology, Leipzig and University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (A.G.); (S.S.); (K.W.); (A.B.); (U.K.)
| | - Sabine Seiffert
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Immunology, Leipzig and University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (A.G.); (S.S.); (K.W.); (A.B.); (U.K.)
| | - Kerstin Wenk
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Immunology, Leipzig and University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (A.G.); (S.S.); (K.W.); (A.B.); (U.K.)
| | - Dominik Schmiedel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Andreas Boldt
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Immunology, Leipzig and University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (A.G.); (S.S.); (K.W.); (A.B.); (U.K.)
| | - Vladan Vucinic
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig and University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (V.V.); (M.M.); (U.P.)
- University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), Cancer Center Central Germany (CCCG), 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maximilian Merz
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig and University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (V.V.); (M.M.); (U.P.)
- University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), Cancer Center Central Germany (CCCG), 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uwe Platzbecker
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig and University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (V.V.); (M.M.); (U.P.)
- University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), Cancer Center Central Germany (CCCG), 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Klemann
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Pediatric Rheumatology and Infectiology, Clinic and Polyclinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Leipzig and University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Ulrike Koehl
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Immunology, Leipzig and University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (A.G.); (S.S.); (K.W.); (A.B.); (U.K.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), Cancer Center Central Germany (CCCG), 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maik Friedrich
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Immunology, Leipzig and University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (A.G.); (S.S.); (K.W.); (A.B.); (U.K.)
- University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), Cancer Center Central Germany (CCCG), 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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12
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Wang X, Zhang C, Su J, Ren S, Wang X, Zhang Y, Yuan Z, He X, Wu X, Li M, Du F, Chen Y, Deng S, Zhao Y, Wang X, Sun Y, Shen J, Ji H, Hou Y, Xiao Z. Rejuvenation Strategy for Inducing and Enhancing Autoimmune Response to Eliminate Senescent Cells. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0579. [PMID: 39122450 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The process of aging, which involves progressive changes in the body over time, is closely associated with the development of age-related diseases. Cellular senescence is a pivotal hallmark and mechanism of the aging process. The accumulation of senescent cells can significantly contribute to the onset of age-related diseases, thereby compromising overall health. Conversely, the elimination of senescent cells enhances the body's regenerative and reparative capacity, thereby retarding the aging process. Here, we present a brief overview of 12 Hallmarks of aging and subsequently emphasize the potential of immune checkpoint blockade, innate immune cell therapy (including T cells, iNKT cells, macrophages, and NK cells), as well as CAR-T cell therapy for inducing and augmenting immune responses aimed at eliminating senescent cells. In addition to CAR-T cells, we also explore the possibility of engineered immune cells such as CAR-NK and CAR-M cells to eliminate senescent cells. In summary, immunotherapy, as an emerging strategy for the treatment of aging, offers new prospects for age-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyue Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chengyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiahong Su
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Siqi Ren
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zijun Yuan
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xinyu He
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy &;amp Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy &;amp Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy &;amp Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy &;amp Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuai Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy &;amp Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy &;amp Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Disease, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Yuhong Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy &;amp Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Huijiao Ji
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yunqing Hou
- LongmaTan District People's Hospital of Luzhou City, Luzhou 646600, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy &;amp Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sichuan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mianyang 621000, China
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13
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Olejarz W, Sadowski K, Szulczyk D, Basak G. Advancements in Personalized CAR-T Therapy: Comprehensive Overview of Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Hematological Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7743. [PMID: 39062986 PMCID: PMC11276786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy is a novel anticancer therapy using autologous or allogeneic T-cells. To date, six CAR-T therapies for specific B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), and multiple myeloma (MM) have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Significant barriers to the effectiveness of CAR-T therapy include cytokine release syndrome (CRS), neurotoxicity in the case of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (Allo-SCT) graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD), antigen escape, modest antitumor activity, restricted trafficking, limited persistence, the immunosuppressive microenvironment, and senescence and exhaustion of CAR-Ts. Furthermore, cancer drug resistance remains a major problem in clinical practice. CAR-T therapy, in combination with checkpoint blockades and bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) or other drugs, appears to be an appealing anticancer strategy. Many of these agents have shown impressive results, combining efficacy with tolerability. Biomarkers like extracellular vesicles (EVs), cell-free DNA (cfDNA), circulating tumor (ctDNA) and miRNAs may play an important role in toxicity, relapse assessment, and efficacy prediction, and can be implicated in clinical applications of CAR-T therapy and in establishing safe and efficacious personalized medicine. However, further research is required to fully comprehend the particular side effects of immunomodulation, to ascertain the best order and combination of this medication with conventional chemotherapy and targeted therapies, and to find reliable predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioletta Olejarz
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Sadowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Hematology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Daniel Szulczyk
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, The Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Basak
- Department of Hematology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
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14
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Zhong Y, Liu J. Emerging roles of CAR-NK cell therapies in tumor immunotherapy: current status and future directions. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:318. [PMID: 38987565 PMCID: PMC11236993 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02077-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy harnesses the body's immune system to combat malignancies, building upon an understanding of tumor immunosurveillance and immune evasion mechanisms. This therapeutic approach reactivates anti-tumor immune responses and can be categorized into active, passive, and combined immunization strategies. Active immunotherapy engages the immune system to recognize and attack tumor cells by leveraging host immunity with cytokine supplementation or vaccination. Conversely, passive immunotherapy employs exogenous agents, such as monoclonal antibodies (anti-CTLA4, anti-PD1, anti-PD-L1) or adoptive cell transfers (ACT) with genetically engineered chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T or NK cells, to exert anti-tumor effects. Over the past decades, CAR-T cell therapies have gained significant traction in oncological treatment, offering hope through their targeted approach. However, the potential adverse effects associated with CAR-T cells, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS), off-tumor toxicity, and neurotoxicity, warrant careful consideration. Recently, CAR-NK cell therapy has emerged as a promising alternative in the landscape of tumor immunotherapy, distinguished by its innate advantages over CAR-T cell modalities. In this review, we will synthesize the latest research and clinical advancements in CAR-NK cell therapies. We will elucidate the therapeutic benefits of employing CAR-NK cells in oncology and critically examine the developmental bottlenecks impeding their broader application. Our discussion aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current status and future potential of CAR-NK cells in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingfeng Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, China.
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15
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Deng T, Deng Y, Tsao ST, Xiong Q, Yao Y, Liu C, Gu MY, Huang F, Wang H. Rapidly-manufactured CD276 CAR-T cells exhibit enhanced persistence and efficacy in pancreatic cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:633. [PMID: 38978106 PMCID: PMC11229349 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05462-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies and the lack of treatment options makes it more deadly. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell (CAR-T) immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment and made great breakthroughs in treating hematological malignancies, however its success in treating solid cancers remains limited mainly due to the lack of tumor-specific antigens. On the other hand, the prolonged traditional manufacturing process poses challenges, taking 2 to 6 weeks and impacting patient outcomes. CD276 has recently emerged as a potential therapeutic target for anti-solid cancer therapy. Here, we investigated the efficacy of CD276 CAR-T and rapidly-manufactured CAR-T against pancreatic cancer. METHODS In the present study, CD276 CAR-T was prepared by CAR structure carrying 376.96 scFv sequence, CD8 hinge and transmembrane domain, 4-1BB and CD3ζ intracellular domains. Additionally, CD276 rapidly-manufactured CAR-T (named CD276 Dash CAR-T) was innovatively developed by shortening the duration of ex vitro culture to reduce CAR-T manufacturing time. We evaluated the anti-tumor efficacy of CD276 CAR-T and further compared the functional assessment of Dash CAR-T and conventional CAR-T in vitro and in vivo by detecting the immunophenotypes, killing ability, expansion capacity and tumor-eradicating effect of CAR-T. RESULTS We found that CD276 was strongly expressed in multiple solid cancer cell lines and that CD276 CAR-T could efficiently kill these solid cancer cells. Moreover, Dash CAR-T was successfully manufactured within 48-72 h and the functional validation was carried out subsequently. In vitro, CD276 Dash CAR-T possessed a less-differentiated phenotype and robust proliferative ability compared to conventional CAR-T. In vivo xenograft mouse model, CD276 Dash CAR-T showed enhanced anti-pancreatic cancer efficacy and T cell expansion. Besides, except for the high-dose group, the body weight of mice was maintained stable, and the state of mice was normal. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we proved CD276 CAR-T exhibited powerful activity against pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, we demonstrated the manufacturing feasibility, acceptable safety and superior anti-tumor efficacy of CD276 Dash CAR-T generated with reduced time. The results of the above studies indicated that CD276 Dash CAR-T immunotherapy might be a novel and promising strategy for pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Deng
- Department of Research and Development, Hrain Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 1238 Zhangjiang Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingzhi Deng
- Department of Research and Development, Hrain Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 1238 Zhangjiang Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
| | - Shih-Ting Tsao
- Department of Research and Development, Hrain Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 1238 Zhangjiang Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghui Xiong
- Department of Research and Development, Hrain Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 1238 Zhangjiang Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Yao
- Department of Research and Development, Hrain Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 1238 Zhangjiang Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuicui Liu
- Regulatory Affairs Department, Hrain Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 1238 Zhangjiang Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Yuan Gu
- Department of Research and Development, Hrain Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 1238 Zhangjiang Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Department of Research and Development, Hrain Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 1238 Zhangjiang Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, China.
| | - Haiying Wang
- Department of Research and Development, Hrain Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 1238 Zhangjiang Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Zheng L, Wang H, Zhou J, Shi G, Ma J, Jiang Y, Dong Z, Li J, He YQ, Wu D, Sun J, Xu C, Li Z, Wang J. Off-the-shelf CAR-NK cells targeting immunogenic cell death marker ERp57 execute robust antitumor activity and have a synergistic effect with ICD inducer oxaliplatin. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008888. [PMID: 38964787 PMCID: PMC11227840 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2024-008888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chimeric antigen receptor natural killer (CAR-NK) therapy holds great promise for treating hematologic tumors, but its efficacy in solid tumors is limited owing to the lack of suitable targets and poor infiltration of engineered NK cells. Here, we explore whether immunogenic cell death (ICD) marker ERp57 translocated from endoplasmic reticulum to cell surface after drug treatment could be used as a target for CAR-NK therapy. METHODS To target ERp57, a VHH phage display library was used for screening ERp57-targeted nanobodies (Nbs). A candidate Nb with high binding affinity to both human and mouse ERp57 was used for constructing CAR-NK cells. Various in vitro and in vivo studies were performed to assess the antitumor efficacy of the constructed CAR-NK cells. RESULTS We demonstrate that the translocation of ERp57 can not only be induced by low-dose oxaliplatin (OXP) treatment but also is spontaneously expressed on the surface of various types of tumor cell lines. Our results show that G6-CAR-NK92 cells can effectively kill various tumor cell lines in vitro on which ERp57 is induced or intrinsically expressed, and also exhibit potent antitumor effects in cancer cell-derived xenograft and patient-derived xenograft mouse models. Additionally, the antitumor activity of G6-CAR-NK92 cells is synergistically enhanced by the low-dose ICD-inducible drug OXP. CONCLUSION Collectively, our findings suggest that ERp57 can be leveraged as a new tumor antigen for CAR-NK targeting, and the resultant CAR-NK cells have the potential to be applied as a broad-spectrum immune cell therapy for various cancers by combining with ICD inducer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuhai Zheng
- Department of Geriatrics and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology; The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huifang Wang
- Department of Geriatrics and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology; The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jihao Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology; The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Hematology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangwei Shi
- Department of Geriatrics and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology; The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Neurosurgery & Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingbo Ma
- Department of Geriatrics and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology; The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuke Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology; The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyu Dong
- Department of Geriatrics and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology; The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiexuan Li
- Department of Geriatrics and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology; The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan-Qiao He
- Center of Laboratory Animal Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Evaluation and Transformation of Jiangxi Province Nanchang Royo Biotech Co,. Ltd, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dinglan Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Clinical Innovation and Research Centre (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jichao Sun
- Department of Geriatrics and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology; The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengchao Xu
- Department of Geriatrics and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology; The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Integrative Medicine, Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Chronic Diseases, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- Department of Geriatrics and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology; The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jigang Wang
- Department of Geriatrics and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology; The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
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17
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Guo X, Yang Y, Qian Z, Chang M, Zhao Y, Ma W, Wang Y, Xing B. Immune landscape and progress in immunotherapy for pituitary neuroendocrine tumors. Cancer Lett 2024; 592:216908. [PMID: 38677640 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (pitNETs) are the second most common primary brain tumors. Despite their prevalence, the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and its clinical implications remain largely unexplored. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current knowledge on the immune landscape and advancements in targeted immunotherapy for pitNETs. Macrophages and T cells are principal immune infiltrates within the TIME. Different subtypes of pitNETs display distinct immune patterns, influencing tumor progressive behaviors. PD-L1, the most extensively studied immune checkpoint, is prominently expressed in hormonal pitNETs and correlates with tumor growth and invasion. Cytokines and chemokines including interleukins, CCLs, and CXCLs have complex correlations with tumor subtypes and immune cell infiltration. Crosstalk between macrophages and pitNET cells highlights bidirectional regulatory roles, suggesting potential macrophage-targeted strategies. Recent preclinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 therapy in a mouse model of corticotroph pitNET. Moreover, anti-PD-1 and/or anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapy has been applied globally in 28 cases of refractory pitNETs, showing more favorable responses in pituitary carcinomas than aggressive pitNETs. In conclusion, the TIME of pitNETs represents a promising avenue for targeted immunotherapy and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Ministry of Health, China Pituitary Adenoma Specialist Council, China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yiying Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Ministry of Health, China Pituitary Adenoma Specialist Council, China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Eight-Year Program of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihong Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Ministry of Health, China Pituitary Adenoma Specialist Council, China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengqi Chang
- Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanli Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Ministry of Health, China Pituitary Adenoma Specialist Council, China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbin Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Ministry of Health, China Pituitary Adenoma Specialist Council, China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Ministry of Health, China Pituitary Adenoma Specialist Council, China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Bing Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Ministry of Health, China Pituitary Adenoma Specialist Council, China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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18
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Qureshi Z, Altaf F, Jamil A, Siddique R. Optimization Strategies in CAR T-cell Therapy: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Cytopenia, HLH/MAS, and Other Adverse Events. Am J Clin Oncol 2024:00000421-990000000-00204. [PMID: 38907604 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000001124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has emerged as a transformative treatment for various hematological malignancies. Still, its remarkable efficacy is accompanied by unique adverse events that must be carefully managed. This comprehensive literature review evaluates the safety profile of CAR T-cell therapy, focusing on cytopenia, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)/macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), and other potential complications. Cytopenia, characterized by reduced blood cell counts, affects a significant proportion of patients, with rates of anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia reaching up to 60%, 70%, and 80%, respectively. Risk factors include high tumor burden, prior chemotherapy, and bone marrow involvement. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) occurs in 13% to 77% of patients and is linked to the cytokine storm induced by CAR T cells, target antigen expression, and preexisting immune dysregulation. Other notable adverse events discussed are cytokine release syndrome, neurotoxicity, and infections. Understanding the mechanisms, risk factors, and management strategies for these adverse events is crucial for optimizing patient outcomes and unlocking the full potential of this revolutionary therapy. The review highlights the need for continued research, interdisciplinary collaboration, and evidence-based approaches to enhance the safety and efficacy of CAR T-cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaheer Qureshi
- Department of Medicine, The Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine at Quinnipiac University, Bridgeport, CT
| | - Faryal Altaf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai/BronxCare Health System, New York
| | - Abdur Jamil
- Department of Medicine, Samaritan Medical Centre
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Tufail M, Hu JJ, Liang J, He CY, Wan WD, Huang YQ, Jiang CH, Wu H, Li N. Hallmarks of cancer resistance. iScience 2024; 27:109979. [PMID: 38832007 PMCID: PMC11145355 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This review explores the hallmarks of cancer resistance, including drug efflux mediated by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, metabolic reprogramming characterized by the Warburg effect, and the dynamic interplay between cancer cells and mitochondria. The role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in treatment resistance and the regulatory influence of non-coding RNAs, such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are studied. The chapter emphasizes future directions, encompassing advancements in immunotherapy, strategies to counter adaptive resistance, integration of artificial intelligence for predictive modeling, and the identification of biomarkers for personalized treatment. The comprehensive exploration of these hallmarks provides a foundation for innovative therapeutic approaches, aiming to navigate the complex landscape of cancer resistance and enhance patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tufail
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia-Ju Hu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Liang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cai-Yun He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-Dong Wan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-Qi Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Can-Hua Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Oral Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Oral Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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20
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Shepherd A, Bennychen B, Ahmed Z, Weeratna RD, McComb S. A Flow Cytometry-Based Method for Assessing CAR Cell Binding Kinetics Using Stable CAR Jurkat Cells. Bio Protoc 2024; 14:e5021. [PMID: 38948258 PMCID: PMC11211074 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.5021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are synthetic fusion proteins that can reprogram immune cells to target specific antigens. CAR-expressing T cells have emerged as an effective treatment method for hematological cancers; despite this success, the mechanisms and structural properties that govern CAR responses are not fully understood. Here, we provide a simple assay to assess cellular avidity using a standard flow cytometer. This assay measures the interaction kinetics of CAR-expressing T cells and targets antigen-expressing target cells. By co-culturing stably transfected CAR Jurkat cells with target positive and negative cells for short periods of time in a varying effector-target gradient, we were able to observe the formation of CAR-target cell doublets, providing a readout of actively bound cells. When using the optimized protocol reported here, we observed unique cellular binding curves that varied between CAR constructs with differing antigen binding domains. The cellular binding kinetics of unique CARs remained consistent, were dependent on specific target antigen expression, and required active biological signaling. While existing literature is not clear at this time whether higher or lower CAR cell binding is beneficial to CAR therapeutic activity, the application of this simplified protocol for assessing CAR binding could lead to a better understanding of the proximal signaling events that regulate CAR functionality. Key features • Determines CAR receptor cellular interaction kinetics using a Jurkat cell model. • Can be used for a wide variety of CAR target antigens, including both hematological and solid tumor targets. • Experiments can be performed in under two hours with no staining using a standard flow cytometer. • Requires stable CAR Jurkat cells and target cells with stable fluorescent marker expression for optimal results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Shepherd
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Bigitha Bennychen
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Zafer Ahmed
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Risini D. Weeratna
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Scott McComb
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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21
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Lakhani A, Chen X, Chen LC, Hong M, Khericha M, Chen Y, Chen YY, Park JO. Extracellular domains of CARs reprogramme T cell metabolism without antigen stimulation. Nat Metab 2024; 6:1143-1160. [PMID: 38658805 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Metabolism is an indispensable part of T cell proliferation, activation and exhaustion, yet the metabolism of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells remains incompletely understood. CARs are composed of extracellular domains-often single-chain variable fragments (scFvs)-that determine ligand specificity and intracellular domains that trigger signalling following antigen binding. Here, we show that CARs differing only in the scFv variously reprogramme T cell metabolism. Even without exposure to antigens, some CARs increase proliferation and nutrient uptake in T cells. Using stable isotope tracers and mass spectrometry, we observed basal metabolic fluxes through glycolysis doubling and amino acid uptake overtaking anaplerosis in CAR-T cells harbouring a rituximab scFv, unlike other similar anti-CD20 scFvs. Disparate rituximab and 14G2a-based anti-GD2 CAR-T cells are similarly hypermetabolic and channel excess nutrients to nitrogen overflow metabolism. Modest overflow metabolism of CAR-T cells and metabolic compatibility between cancer cells and CAR-T cells are identified as features of efficacious CAR-T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliya Lakhani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ximin Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laurence C Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mihe Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mobina Khericha
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yvonne Y Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Junyoung O Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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22
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Fang Z, Ding X, Huang H, Jiang H, Jiang J, Zheng X. Revolutionizing tumor immunotherapy: unleashing the power of progenitor exhausted T cells. Cancer Biol Med 2024; 21:j.issn.2095-3941.2024.0105. [PMID: 38825813 PMCID: PMC11208905 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2024.0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In exploring persistent infections and malignancies, a distinctive subgroup of CD8+ T cells, progenitor exhausted CD8+ T (Tpex) cells, has been identified. These Tpex cells are notable for their remarkable self-renewal and rapid proliferation abilities. Recent strides in immunotherapy have demonstrated that Tpex cells expand and differentiate into responsive exhausted CD8+ T cells, thus underscoring their critical role in the immunotherapeutic retort. Clinical examinations have further clarified a robust positive correlation between the proportional abundance of Tpex cells and enhanced clinical prognosis. Tpex cells have found noteworthy applications in the formulation of inventive immunotherapeutic approaches against tumors. This review describes the functions of Tpex cells in the tumor milieu, particularly their potential utility in tumor immunotherapy. Precisely directing Tpex cells may be essential to achieving successful outcomes in immunotherapy against tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Fang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
- Institute for Cell Therapy of Soochow University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Xinyi Ding
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
- Institute for Cell Therapy of Soochow University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
- Institute for Cell Therapy of Soochow University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Hongwei Jiang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
- Institute for Cell Therapy of Soochow University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Jingting Jiang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
- Institute for Cell Therapy of Soochow University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
- Institute for Cell Therapy of Soochow University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
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23
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Elmarasi M, Elkonaissi I, Elsabagh AA, Elsayed E, Elsayed A, Elsayed B, Elmakaty I, Yassin M. CAR-T cell therapy: Efficacy in management of cancers, adverse effects, dose-limiting toxicities and long-term follow up. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 135:112312. [PMID: 38788449 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has emerged as a groundbreaking and highly promising approach for the management of cancer. This paper reviews the efficacy of CAR-T therapy in the treatment of various hematological malignancies, also, with a mention of its effect on solid tumors, for which they have not received FDA approval yet. Different common and uncommon side effects are also discussed in this paper, with attention to the effect of each drug separately. By reviewing the recommendations of the FDA for CAR-T therapy research, we have extensively discussed dose-limiting toxicities. This further highlights the need for precise dosing strategies, striking a balance between therapeutic benefits and potential risks. Additionally, we reviewed the long-term follow-up of patients receiving CAR-T therapy to gain valuable insights into response durability and late-onset effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elmarasi
- Department of Medical Education, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Islam Elkonaissi
- Department of Hematology, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed Adel Elsabagh
- Department of Medical Education, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Engy Elsayed
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelrahman Elsayed
- Department of Medical Education, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Basant Elsayed
- Department of Medical Education, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ibrahim Elmakaty
- Department of Medical Education, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Mohamed Yassin
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Hematology Section, Medical Oncology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research (NCCCR), Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar.
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24
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Guan F, Wu X, Zhou J, Lin Y, He Y, Fan C, Zeng Z, Xiong W. Mitochondrial transfer in tunneling nanotubes-a new target for cancer therapy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:147. [PMID: 38769583 PMCID: PMC11106947 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03069-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
A century ago, the Warburg effect was first proposed, revealing that cancer cells predominantly rely on glycolysis during the process of tumorigenesis, even in the presence of abundant oxygen, shifting the main pathway of energy metabolism from the tricarboxylic acid cycle to aerobic glycolysis. Recent studies have unveiled the dynamic transfer of mitochondria within the tumor microenvironment, not only between tumor cells but also between tumor cells and stromal cells, immune cells, and others. In this review, we explore the pathways and mechanisms of mitochondrial transfer within the tumor microenvironment, as well as how these transfer activities promote tumor aggressiveness, chemotherapy resistance, and immune evasion. Further, we discuss the research progress and potential clinical significance targeting these phenomena. We also highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting intercellular mitochondrial transfer as a future anti-cancer strategy and enhancing cell-mediated immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Guan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiatong Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuzhe Lin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuqing He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunmei Fan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410013, China.
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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25
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Wang F, Huang Y, Li J, Zhou W, Wang W. Targeted gene delivery systems for T-cell engineering. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024:10.1007/s13402-024-00954-6. [PMID: 38753155 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-024-00954-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
T lymphocytes are indispensable for the host systems of defense against pathogens, tumors, and environmental threats. The therapeutic potential of harnessing the cytotoxic properties of T lymphocytes for antigen-specific cell elimination is both evident and efficacious. Genetically engineered T-cells, such as those employed in CAR-T and TCR-T cell therapies, have demonstrated significant clinical benefits in treating cancer and autoimmune disorders. However, the current landscape of T-cell genetic engineering is dominated by strategies that necessitate in vitro T-cell isolation and modification, which introduce complexity and prolong the development timeline of T-cell based immunotherapies. This review explores the complexities of gene delivery systems designed for T cells, covering both viral and nonviral vectors. Viral vectors are known for their high transduction efficiency, yet they face significant limitations, such as potential immunogenicity and the complexities involved in large-scale production. Nonviral vectors, conversely, offer a safer profile and the potential for scalable manufacturing, yet they often struggle with lower transduction efficiency. The pursuit of gene delivery systems that can achieve targeted gene transfer to T cell without the need for isolation represents a significant advancement in the field. This review assesses the design principles and current research progress of such systems, highlighting the potential for in vivo gene modification therapies that could revolutionize T-cell based treatments. By providing a comprehensive analysis of these systems, we aim to contribute valuable insights into the future development of T-cell immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengling Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - JiaQian Li
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Weilin Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Zhong Z, Deng W, Wu J, Shang H, Tong Y, He Y, Huang Q, Ba X, Chen Z, Tang K. Cell membrane coated nanoparticles as a biomimetic drug delivery platform for enhancing cancer immunotherapy. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:8708-8738. [PMID: 38634521 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00284a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, a burgeoning modality for cancer treatment, operates by activating the autoimmune system to impede the growth of malignant cells. Although numerous immunotherapy strategies have been employed in clinical cancer therapy, the resistance of cancer cells to immunotherapeutic medications and other apprehensions impede the attainment of sustained advantages for most patients. Recent advancements in nanotechnology for drug delivery hold promise in augmenting the efficacy of immunotherapy. However, the efficacy is currently constrained by the inadequate specificity of delivery, low rate of response, and the intricate immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In this context, the investigation of cell membrane coated nanoparticles (CMNPs) has revealed their ability to perform targeted delivery, immune evasion, controlled release, and immunomodulation. By combining the advantageous features of natural cell membranes and nanoparticles, CMNPs have demonstrated their unique potential in the realm of cancer immunotherapy. This review aims to emphasize recent research progress and elucidate the underlying mechanisms of CMNPs as an innovative drug delivery platform for enhancing cancer immunotherapy. Additionally, it provides a comprehensive overview of the current immunotherapeutic strategies involving different cell membrane types of CMNPs, with the intention of further exploration and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Zhong
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Wen Deng
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Haojie Shang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Yonghua Tong
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Yu He
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Qiu Huang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Xiaozhuo Ba
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Kun Tang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
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27
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Zha J, Zhang J, Lu J, Zhang G, Hua M, Guo W, Yang J, Fan G. A review of lactate-lactylation in malignancy: its potential in immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1384948. [PMID: 38779665 PMCID: PMC11109376 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1384948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid was formerly regarded as a byproduct of metabolism. However, extensive investigations into the intricacies of cancer development have revealed its significant contributions to tumor growth, migration, and invasion. Post-translational modifications involving lactate have been widely observed in histone and non-histone proteins, and these modifications play a crucial role in regulating gene expression by covalently attaching lactoyl groups to lysine residues in proteins. This discovery has greatly enhanced our comprehension of lactic acid's involvement in disease pathogenesis. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of the intricate relationship between lactate and tumor immunity, the occurrence of lactylation in malignant tumors, and the exploitation of targeted lactate-lactylation in tumor immunotherapy. Additionally, we discuss future research directions, aiming to offer novel insights that could inform the investigation, diagnosis, and treatment of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Zha
- Department of Urology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junan Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingfen Lu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangcheng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengzhan Hua
- Department of Basic Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiming Guo
- Department of Sports Medicine Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Endocrinology Department, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gang Fan
- Department of Urology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Li Y, Zheng Y, Liu T, Liao C, Shen G, He Z. The potential and promise for clinical application of adoptive T cell therapy in cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:413. [PMID: 38693513 PMCID: PMC11064426 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05206-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, especially for hematologic malignancies. T cells are the most extensively utilized cells in adoptive cell therapy. Currently, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, T cell receptor-transgenic T cells and chimeric antigen receptor T cells are the three main adoptive T cell therapies. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes kill tumors by reinfusing enlarged lymphocytes that naturally target tumor-specific antigens into the patient. T cell receptor-transgenic T cells have the ability to specifically destroy tumor cells via the precise recognition of exogenous T cell receptors with major histocompatibility complex. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells transfer genes with specific antigen recognition structural domains and T cell activation signals into T cells, allowing T cells to attack tumors without the assistance of major histocompatibility complex. Many barriers have been demonstrated to affect the clinical efficacy of adoptive T cell therapy, such as tumor heterogeneity and antigen loss, hard trafficking and infiltration, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and T cell exhaustion. Several strategies to improve the efficacy of adoptive T cell therapy have been explored, including multispecific chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy, combination with immune checkpoint blockade, targeting the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, etc. In this review, we will summarize the current status and clinical application, followed by major bottlenecks in adoptive T cell therapy. In addition, we will discuss the promising strategies to improve adoptive T cell therapy. Adoptive T cell therapy will result in even more incredible advancements in solid tumors if the aforementioned problems can be handled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinqi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yeteng Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Taiqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chuanyun Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guobo Shen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Zhiyao He
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Lin H, Deng T, Jiang L, Meng F, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Ge R, Zhu X. Adverse Reactions in Relapsed/Refractory B-Cell Lymphoma Administered with Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Alone or in Combination with Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1722. [PMID: 38730674 PMCID: PMC11083715 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The combination of CAR-T with ASCT has been observed to enhance the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy. However, the impact of this combination on adverse reactions is still uncertain. (2) Methods: Between January 2019 and February 2023, 292 patients diagnosed with r/r B-cell lymphoma received either CAR-T therapy alone or in combination with ASCT at our institution. We evaluated the incidence of CRS and CRES and utilized a logistic regression model to identify factors contributing to severe CRS (grade 3-4) and CRES (grade 3-4). (3) Results: The overall incidence of CRS and CRES was 78.9% and 8.2% in 147 patients receiving CAR-T alone, and 95.9% and 15.2% in 145 patients receiving CAR-T combined with ASCT, respectively. The incidence of overall CRS (p < 0.0001) and mild CRS (grade 1-2) (p = 0.021) was elevated in the ASCT combined with CAR-T group. No significant difference was observed in severe CRS and CRES between the groups. Among the 26 cases of lymphoma involving the central nervous system (CNS), 96.2% (25/26) developed CRS (15.4% grade 3-4), and 34.6% (9/26) manifested CRES (7.7% grade 3-4). Female patients had a lower incidence of severe CRS but a higher incidence of severe CRES. Lymphomas with CNS involvement demonstrated a higher risk of CRES compared to those without central involvement. (4) Conclusions: The combination of ASCT with CAR-T demonstrated a preferable option in r/r B-cell lymphoma without an increased incidence of severe CRS and CRES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolong Lin
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (H.L.); (L.J.); (F.M.); (Y.C.); (Y.Z.)
- Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ting Deng
- Department of Hematology, Chongqing Fifth People’s Hospital, Chongqing 400062, China;
| | - Lijun Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (H.L.); (L.J.); (F.M.); (Y.C.); (Y.Z.)
- Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Fankai Meng
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (H.L.); (L.J.); (F.M.); (Y.C.); (Y.Z.)
- Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (H.L.); (L.J.); (F.M.); (Y.C.); (Y.Z.)
- Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yicheng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (H.L.); (L.J.); (F.M.); (Y.C.); (Y.Z.)
- Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Renying Ge
- Department of Hematology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital to Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (H.L.); (L.J.); (F.M.); (Y.C.); (Y.Z.)
- Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, China
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Hu HH, Wang SQ, Zhao H, Chen ZS, Shi X, Chen XB. HER2 + advanced gastric cancer: Current state and opportunities (Review). Int J Oncol 2024; 64:36. [PMID: 38391024 PMCID: PMC10901538 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)+ gastric cancer (GC) is a distinct subtype of GC, accounting for 10‑20% of all cases of GC. Although the development of the anti‑HER2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab has markedly improved response rates and prognosis of patients with HER2+ advanced GC (AGC), drug resistance remains a considerable challenge. Therefore, dynamic monitoring of HER2 expression levels can facilitate the identification of patients who may benefit from targeted therapy. Besides trastuzumab, DS‑8201 and RC48 have been applied in the treatment of HER2+ AGC, and several novel anti‑HER2 therapies are undergoing preclinical/clinical trials. At present, combination immunotherapy with anti‑HER2 agents is used as the first‑line treatment of this disease subtype. New promising approaches such as chimeric antigen receptor T‑cell immunotherapy and cancer vaccines are also being investigated for their potential to improve clinical outcomes. The current review provides new insights that will guide the future application of anti‑HER2 therapy by summarizing research progress on targeted therapy drugs for HER2+ AGC and combination treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Hu
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Precision Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Oncology, Henan Engineering Research Center of Precision Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Sai-Qi Wang
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Precision Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Oncology, Henan Engineering Research Center of Precision Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Huichen Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Xiaojing Shi
- The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Bing Chen
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Precision Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Oncology, Henan Engineering Research Center of Precision Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
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Wu D, Wang G, Wen S, Liu X, He Q. ARID5A stabilizes Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression and enhances CAR T cell exhaustion in colorectal cancer. Transl Oncol 2024; 42:101900. [PMID: 38316094 PMCID: PMC10862068 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Resistance to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy remains a significant challenge in the treatment of solid tumors. This resistance is attributed to various factors, including antigen loss, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and upregulated checkpoint molecules. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is an immunosuppressive enzyme that promotes immune escape in tumors. In this study, we investigated the role of ARID5A (AT-rich interactive domain 5A) in resistance to CAR-T cell therapy. Our findings revealed that ARID5A upregulation in tumor cells induces T cell exhaustion and immune evasion. Mechanistically, ARID5A plays a crucial role in resistance to CAR-T cell therapy by stabilizing IDO1 mRNA, leading to upregulation of IDO1 expression. Elevated IDO1 expression facilitates the conversion of tryptophan to kynurenine, which contributes to CAR-T cell exhaustion. Moreover, kynurenine accumulation within CAR-T cells activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), further exacerbating the exhaustion phenotype. Importantly, we demonstrated that targeting the ARID5A-IDO1-AhR axis using AhR or IDO1 inhibitors effectively alleviated T cell exhaustion induced by ARID5A. These findings suggest that modulating the ARID5A-IDO1-AhR axis may represent a promising therapeutic strategy to overcome CAR T-cell therapy resistance in solid tumors and enhance treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China; Jinzhou Medical University, China
| | - Guijun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China; Jinzhou Medical University, China
| | | | - Xian Liu
- Jinzhou Medical University, China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China; Jinzhou Medical University, China.
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32
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Liang D, Tang J, Sun B, He S, Yang D, Ma H, Yun Y, Zhu Y, Wei W, Chen H, Zhao X. Novel CAR-T cells targeting TRKB for the treatment of solid cancer. Apoptosis 2024:10.1007/s10495-024-01936-7. [PMID: 38498249 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-024-01936-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is highly effective for treating blood cancers such as B-cell malignancies, however, its effectiveness as an approach to treat solid tumors remains to be further explored. Here, we focused on the development of CAR-T cell therapies targeting tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B (TRKB), a highly expressed protein that is significantly associated with tumor progression, malignancy, and drug resistance in multiple forms of aggressive solid tumors. To achieve this, we screened brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin 4 (NTF4) ligand-based CAR-T cells for their efficiency in targeting the TRKB receptor in the context of solid tumors, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic cancer. We demonstrated that TRKB is overexpressed not only in hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic carcinoma cell lines but also in cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). Notably, BDNF-CAR T and NTF4-CAR T cells could not only effectively target and kill TRKB-expressing pan-cancer cell lines in a dose-dependent manner but also effectively kill CSCs. We also performed in vivo studies to show that NTF4-CAR T cells have a better potential to inhibit the tumor growth of hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts in mice, compared with BDNF-CAR T cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that CAR-T targeting TRKB may be a promising approach for developing novel therapies to treat solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Liang
- Department of Targeting Therapy & Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Targeting Therapy & Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Targeting Therapy & Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuai He
- Department of Targeting Therapy & Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Targeting Therapy & Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiyan Ma
- Department of Targeting Therapy & Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuncang Yun
- Department of Targeting Therapy & Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongjie Zhu
- Department of Targeting Therapy & Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenwen Wei
- Department of Targeting Therapy & Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiyang Chen
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Aging Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Department of Targeting Therapy & Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Wang J, Ye M, Zhu B. Peptide Self-Assembly Facilitating DNA Transfection and the Application in Inhibiting Cancer Cells. Molecules 2024; 29:932. [PMID: 38474444 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29050932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-viral vectors have been developing in gene delivery due to their safety and low immunogenicity. But their transfection effect is usually very low, thus limiting the application. Hence, we designed eight peptides (compounds 1-8). We compared their performances; compound 8 had the best transfection efficacy and biocompatibility. The transfection effect was similar with that of PEI, a most-widely-employed commercial transfection reagent. Atomic force microscope (AFM) images showed that the compound could self-assemble and the self-assembled peptide might encapsulate DNA. Based on these results, we further analyzed the inhibitory result in cancer cells and found that compound 8 could partially fight against Hela cells. Therefore, the compound is promising to pave the way for the development of more effective and less toxic transfection vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Min Ye
- College of Pharmacy, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Baokuan Zhu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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Zhao N, Hu F, Zhai Y, Ye X, Ruan Y, Liu Z, Wang Z, Shen W, Yuan L. Ocular toxicities in chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy: a real-world study leveraging FAERS database. Immunotherapy 2024; 16:161-172. [PMID: 38126138 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2023-0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to comprehensively explore the ocular toxicity associated with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. Materials & methods: Data were assembled from the US FDA's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database from 2017 to 2023. Information component and reporting odds ratio methods were used for signal detection in total/categorized CAR T-cell therapy. Results: A total of 17 positive signals (preferred term) were detected, yet none of them were documented in the product information. Some adverse events were with death outcomes and overlapped a lot with cytokine-release syndrome. Conclusion: The ocular adverse events associated with CAR-T cell therapy are noteworthy, and it is imperative to maintain increased alertness and institute early intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- Ophthalmology Department, Naval Hospital of Eastern Theater of PLA, Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, China
| | - Fangyuan Hu
- Health Service Department, Naval Hospital of Eastern Theater of PLA, Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, China
| | - Yinghong Zhai
- Clinical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Ye
- Ophthalmology Department, Naval Hospital of Eastern Theater of PLA, Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, China
| | - Yiming Ruan
- Health Service Department, The First Naval Hospital of Southern Theater of PLA, Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Ophthalmology Department, Naval Hospital of Eastern Theater of PLA, Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, China
| | - Zhiyan Wang
- Ophthalmology Department, Naval Hospital of Eastern Theater of PLA, Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Yuan
- Department of Health Management, Faculty of Military Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Xie X, Zhang J, Wang Y, Shi W, Tang R, Tang Q, Sun S, Wu R, Xu S, Wang M, Liang X, Cui L. Nanomaterials augmented bioeffects of ultrasound in cancer immunotherapy. Mater Today Bio 2024; 24:100926. [PMID: 38179429 PMCID: PMC10765306 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy as a milestone in cancer treatment has made great strides in the past decade, but it is still limited by low immune response rates and immune-related adverse events. Utilizing bioeffects of ultrasound to enhance tumor immunotherapy has attracted more and more attention, including sonothermal, sonomechanical, sonodynamic and sonopiezoelectric immunotherapy. Moreover, the emergence of nanomaterials has further improved the efficacy of ultrasound mediated immunotherapy. However, most of the summaries in this field are about a single aspect of the biological effects of ultrasound, which is not comprehensive and complete currently. This review proposes the recent progress of nanomaterials augmented bioeffects of ultrasound in cancer immunotherapy. The concept of immunotherapy and the application of bioeffects of ultrasound in cancer immunotherapy are initially introduced. Then, according to different bioeffects of ultrasound, the representative paradigms of nanomaterial augmented sono-immunotherapy are described, and their mechanisms are discussed. Finally, the challenges and application prospects of nanomaterial augmented ultrasound mediated cancer immunotherapy are discussed in depth, hoping to pave the way for cancer immunotherapy and promote the clinical translation of ultrasound mediated cancer immunotherapy through the reasonable combination of nanomaterials augmented ultrasonic bioeffects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Xie
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Jinxia Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Wanrui Shi
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Rui Tang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Qingshuang Tang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Suhui Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Ruiqi Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Shuyu Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Mengxin Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Liang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Ligang Cui
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
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Guo J, Zhang Z, Wang H, Li Q, Fan M, Zhang W, Tao Q, Wang Z, Ling C, Xiao H, Gao Z, Zhai Z. SRRM2 may be a potential biomarker and immunotherapy target for multiple myeloma: a real-world study based on flow cytometry detection. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:28. [PMID: 38289482 PMCID: PMC10827842 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01272-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Serine/arginine repetitive matrix 2 (SRRM2) has been implicated in tumorigenesis, cancer development, and drug resistance through aberrant splicing; however, its correlation with multiple myeloma (MM) has not been reported. We investigated the potential of SRRM2 as a biomarker and immunotherapeutic target in MM by examining its expression in MM cells using flow cytometry. Our study included 95 patients with plasma cell disease, including 80 MM cases, and we detected SRRM2 expression on plasma cells and normal blood cells to analyze its relationship with clinical profiles. We found widespread positive expression of SRRM2 on plasma cells with little expression on normal blood cells, and its expression on abnormal plasma cells was higher than that on normal plasma cells. Comparative analysis with clinical data suggests that SRRM2 expression on plasma cells correlates with MM treatment response. MM patients with high SRRM2 expression had higher levels of serum β2-mg and LDH, ISS staging, and plasma cell infiltration, as well as high-risk mSMART 3.0 stratification and cytogenetic abnormalities, particularly 1q21 amplification. In patients with previous MM, high SRRM2 expression on plasma cells was associated with higher plasma cell infiltration, high-risk mSMART 3.0 risk stratification, cytogenetic abnormalities, more relapses, and fewer autologous stem cell transplant treatments. In summary, SRRM2 may serve as a novel biomarker and immunotherapeutic target for MM. Its expression level on plasma cells can help in risk stratification of MM and monitoring of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Guo
- Department of Hematology, Hematological Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Laboratory, Fuyang People's Hospital, Fuyang, China
| | - Zhiye Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Hematological Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Hematology, Fuyang Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, China
| | - Huiping Wang
- Department of Hematology, Hematological Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Hematology, Hematological Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mengmeng Fan
- Department of Hematology, Hematological Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wanqiu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Hematological Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qianshan Tao
- Department of Hematology, Hematological Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhitao Wang
- Department of Hematology, Hematological Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chun Ling
- Department of Hematology, Hematological Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chuzhou, Anhui, China
| | - Hao Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Hematological Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhimai Gao
- ZENO Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Zhai
- Department of Hematology, Hematological Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Dou B, Ren S, Qiu L, Zhang X, Zhang N, Cai J, Chen D, Zhang Q, Yao H, Fan F. Prophylactic use of interleukin 6 monoclonal antibody can reduce CRS response of CAR-T cell therapy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 10:1265835. [PMID: 38264058 PMCID: PMC10804994 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1265835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell immunotherapy is becoming one of the most promising treatments for hematological malignancies, however, complications such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) seriously threaten the lives of patients. Interleukin 6(IL-6) monoclonal antibody is the common and useful treatment of CRS, however, it is not clear whether prophylactic use IL-6 monoclonal antibody before CAR-T therapy can reduce the incidence of CRS. Purpose This study aims to systematically evaluate whether the prophylactic use of IL-6 monoclonal antibody can reduce the incidence of CRS. Data sources and methods We searched the PubMed, Embase, web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases for studies that reported the prophylactic use of IL-6 monoclonal antibody in the treatment of CRS-related complications of CAR-T cell immunotherapy before December 2022. The literature is screened according to the established inclusion and exclusion criteria, relevant data are extracted, and the quality of the literature is evaluated using the scale Cochrane bias risk assessment tool, and the Review Manager 5.3 is used to draw for related charts. Since the two experimental data only provide the median, the maximum and minimum values of the data, the mean and standard (Standard Deviation, SD) are calculated by this document Delai, and finally use Review Manager for data processing, and STATA software for supplementation. Results A total of 2 trials with a total of 37 participants were included in this study. Meta-analysis showed that compared with no use of IL-6 monoclonal antibody to prevent CRS, IL-6 monoclonal antibody was given to patients at 8 mg/kg one hour before CAR-T cell infusion, which reduced the incidence of CRS [RR: 0.41 95% confidence interval (0.20, 0.86) I[2] = 0.0% P = 0.338 z = -2.369 (p = 0.018)]. In subgroup analysis, compared with those who did not use IL-6 monoclonal antibody to prevent CRS, IL-6 monoclonal antibody was given to patients at 8 mg/kg one hour before CAR-T cell infusion, which reduced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)[MD: -617.21, 95% confidence interval (-1104.41, -130.01) I[2] = 0% P = 0.88 Z = 2.48 (P = 0.01)], prophylactic use of IL-6 monoclonal antibody has a significant effect on reducing peak C-reactive protein (CRP) after CAR-T therapy [MD: -11.58, 95% confidence interval (-15.28, -7.88) I[2] = 0.0% P = 0.73 z = 6.14 (p < 0.00001)]. Conclusion The prophylactic use of IL-6 monoclonal antibody can significantly reduce the incidence of CRS complications after CAR-T therapy, can also reduce LDH vaule and peak CRP vaule after CAR-T therapy. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023487662, identifier CRD42023487662.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baitao Dou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
- General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Western Theater, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shihui Ren
- General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Western Theater, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Qiu
- General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Western Theater, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xupai Zhang
- General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Western Theater, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Western Theater, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiao Cai
- General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Western Theater, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Chen
- General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Western Theater, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Western Theater, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Yao
- General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Western Theater, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fangyi Fan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
- General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Western Theater, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Odstrcil MS, Lee CJ, Sobieski C, Weisdorf D, Couriel D. Access to CAR T-cell therapy: Focus on diversity, equity and inclusion. Blood Rev 2024; 63:101136. [PMID: 37863793 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2023.101136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T-cell) therapy has revolutionized the treatment of hematologic malignancies in patients with relapsed or refractory disease without other treatment options. However, only a very small proportion of patients with an indication for CAR T-cell can access the treatment. The imbalance between supply and demand is magnified in minority and vulnerable populations. Limited access is multifactorial and in part a result of factors directly related to the cellular product such as cost, complex logistics and manufacturing limitations. On the other hand, the impact of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) and their social and structural context are also key to understanding access barriers in cellular therapy and health care in general. CAR T-cell therapy provides us with a new opportunity to better understand and prioritize this gap, a key step towards proactively and strategically addressing access. The aim of this review is to provide an analysis of the current state of access to CAR T therapy with a focus on the influence of DEI. We will cover aspects related to the cellular product and the inseparable context of social and structural determinants. Identifying and addressing barriers is necessary to ensure equitable access to this and all future novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Odstrcil
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Catherine J Lee
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Catherine Sobieski
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Daniel Weisdorf
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Daniel Couriel
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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Liu Y, Peng C, Ahad F, Ali Zaidi SA, Muluh TA, Fu Q. Advanced Strategies of CAR-T Cell Therapy in Solid Tumors and Hematological Malignancies. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2024; 19:557-572. [PMID: 38213150 DOI: 10.2174/0115748928277331231218115402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cells, known as CAR-T cells, represent a promising breakthrough in the realm of adoptive cell therapy. These T-cells are genetically engineered to carry chimeric antigen receptors that specifically target tumors. They have achieved notable success in the treatment of blood-related cancers, breathing new life into this field of medical research. However, numerous obstacles limit chimeric antigen receptors T-cell therapy's efficacy, such as it cannot survive in the body long. It is prone to fatigue and exhaustion, leading to difficult tumor elimination and repeated recurrence, affecting solid tumors and hematological malignancies. The challenges posed by solid tumors, especially in the context of the complex solid-tumor microenvironment, require specific strategies. This review outlines recent advancements in improving chimeric antigen receptors T-cell therapy by focusing on the chimeric antigen receptors protein, modifying T-cells, and optimizing the interaction between T-cells and other components within the tumor microenvironment. This article aims to provide an extensive summary of the latest discoveries regarding CAR-T cell therapy, encompassing its application across various types of human cancers. Moreover, it will delve into the obstacles that have emerged in recent times, offering insights into the challenges faced by this innovative approach. Finally, it highlights novel therapeutic options in treating hematological and solid malignancies with chimeric antigen receptors T-cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjie Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Luzhou People's Hospital, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, PRC China
| | - Cao Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, Luzhou People's Hospital, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan PRC China
| | - Faiza Ahad
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Syed Aqib Ali Zaidi
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Tobias Achu Muluh
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qiuxia Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Luzhou People's Hospital, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan PRC China
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Li S, Zhang H, Shang G. Current status and future challenges of CAR-T cell therapy for osteosarcoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1290762. [PMID: 38187386 PMCID: PMC10766856 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1290762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma, the most common bone malignancy in children and adolescents, poses considerable challenges in terms of prognosis, especially for patients with metastatic or recurrent disease. While surgical intervention and adjuvant chemotherapy have improved survival rates, limitations such as impractical tumor removal or chemotherapy resistance hinder the treatment outcomes. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, an innovative immunotherapy approach that involves targeting tumor antigens and releasing immune factors, has shown significant advancements in the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, its application in solid tumors, including osteosarcoma, is constrained by factors such as low antigen specificity, limited persistence, and the complex tumor microenvironment. Research on osteosarcoma is ongoing, and some targets have shown promising results in pre-clinical studies. This review summarizes the current status of research on CAR-T cell therapy for osteosarcoma by compiling recent literature. It also proposes future research directions to enhance the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhe Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Guanning Shang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Zhou D, Gong Z, Wu D, Ma C, Hou L, Niu X, Xu T. Harnessing immunotherapy for brain metastases: insights into tumor-brain microenvironment interactions and emerging treatment modalities. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:121. [PMID: 38104104 PMCID: PMC10725587 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01518-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases signify a deleterious milestone in the progression of several advanced cancers, predominantly originating from lung, breast and melanoma malignancies, with a median survival timeframe nearing six months. Existing therapeutic regimens yield suboptimal outcomes; however, burgeoning insights into the tumor microenvironment, particularly the immunosuppressive milieu engendered by tumor-brain interplay, posit immunotherapy as a promising avenue for ameliorating brain metastases. In this review, we meticulously delineate the research advancements concerning the microenvironment of brain metastases, striving to elucidate the panorama of their onset and evolution. We encapsulate three emergent immunotherapeutic strategies, namely immune checkpoint inhibition, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell transplantation and glial cell-targeted immunoenhancement. We underscore the imperative of aligning immunotherapy development with in-depth understanding of the tumor microenvironment and engendering innovative delivery platforms. Moreover, the integration with established or avant-garde physical methodologies and localized applications warrants consideration in the prevailing therapeutic schema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dairan Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Dejun Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Niu
- Department of Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 241 Huaihai West Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China.
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Hu Y, Liu Y, Zong L, Zhang W, Liu R, Xing Q, Liu Z, Yan Q, Li W, Lei H, Liu X. The multifaceted roles of GSDME-mediated pyroptosis in cancer: therapeutic strategies and persisting obstacles. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:836. [PMID: 38104141 PMCID: PMC10725489 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06382-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a novel regulated cell death (RCD) mode associated with inflammation and innate immunity. Gasdermin E (GSDME), a crucial component of the gasdermin (GSDM) family proteins, has the ability to convert caspase-3-mediated apoptosis to pyroptosis of cancer cells and activate anti-tumor immunity. Accumulating evidence indicates that GSDME methylation holds tremendous potential as a biomarker for early detection, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of tumors. In fact, GSDME-mediated pyroptosis performs a dual role in anti-tumor therapy. On the one side, pyroptotic cell death in tumors caused by GSDME contributes to inflammatory cytokines release, which transform the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) from a 'cold' to a 'hot' state and significantly improve anti-tumor immunotherapy. However, due to GSDME is expressed in nearly all body tissues and immune cells, it can exacerbate chemotherapy toxicity and partially block immune response. How to achieve a balance between the two sides is a crucial research topic. Meanwhile, the potential functions of GSDME-mediated pyroptosis in anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) therapy, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) therapy, and chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T cells) therapy have not yet been fully understood, and how to improve clinical outcomes persists obscure. In this review, we systematically summarize the latest research regarding the molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis and discuss the role of GSDME-mediated pyroptosis in anti-tumor immunity and its potential applications in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiang Hu
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China
- Honghao Zhou Research Institute, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China
| | - Lijuan Zong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Wenyou Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Renzhu Liu
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China
- Honghao Zhou Research Institute, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China
| | - Qichang Xing
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China
- Honghao Zhou Research Institute, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China
- Honghao Zhou Research Institute, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China
| | - Qingzi Yan
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China
- Honghao Zhou Research Institute, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China
| | - Wencan Li
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China
- Honghao Zhou Research Institute, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China
| | - Haibo Lei
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China.
- Honghao Zhou Research Institute, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China.
| | - Xiang Liu
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China.
- Honghao Zhou Research Institute, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China.
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Zhang Y, Patel RP, Kim KH, Cho H, Jo JC, Jeong SH, Oh SY, Choi YS, Kim SH, Lee JH, Angelos M, Guruprasad P, Cohen I, Ugwuanyi O, Lee YG, Pajarillo R, Cho JH, Carturan A, Paruzzo L, Ghilardi G, Wang M, Kim S, Kim SM, Lee HJ, Park JH, Cui L, Lee TB, Hwang IS, Lee YH, Lee YJ, Porazzi P, Liu D, Lee Y, Kim JH, Lee JS, Yoon DH, Chung J, Ruella M. Safety and efficacy of a novel anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cell product targeting a membrane-proximal domain of CD19 with fast on- and off-rates against non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a first-in-human study. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:200. [PMID: 38066564 PMCID: PMC10709913 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01886-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Commercial anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies (CART19) are efficacious against advanced B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL); however, most patients ultimately relapse. Several mechanisms contribute to this failure, including CD19-negative escape and CAR T dysfunction. All four commercial CART19 products utilize the FMC63 single-chain variable fragment (scFv) specific to a CD19 membrane-distal epitope and characterized by slow association (on) and dissociation (off) rates. We hypothesized that a novel anti-CD19 scFv that engages an alternative CD19 membrane-proximal epitope independent of FMC63 and that is characterized by faster on- and off-rates could mitigate CART19 failure and improve clinical efficacy. METHODS We developed an autologous CART19 product with 4-1BB co-stimulation using a novel humanized chicken antibody (h1218). This antibody is specific to a membrane-proximal CD19 epitope and harbors faster on/off rates compared to FMC63. We tested h1218-CART19 in vitro and in vivo using FMC63-CART19-resistant models. We conducted a first-in-human multi-center phase I clinical trial to test AT101 (clinical-grade h1218-CART19) in patients with relapsed or refractory (r/r) NHL. RESULTS Preclinically, h1218- but not FMC63-CART19 were able to effectively eradicate lymphomas expressing CD19 point mutations (L174V and R163L) or co-expressing FMC63-CAR19 as found in patients relapsing after FMC63-CART19. Furthermore, h1218-CART19 exhibited enhanced killing of B-cell malignancies in vitro and in vivo compared with FMC63-CART19. Mechanistically, we found that h1218-CART19 had reduced activation-induced cell death (AICD) and enhanced expansion compared to FMC63-CART19 owing to faster on- and off-rates. Based on these preclinical results, we performed a phase I dose-escalation trial, testing three dose levels (DL) of AT101 (the GMP version of h1218) using a 3 + 3 design. In 12 treated patients (7 DLBCL, 3 FL, 1 MCL, and 1 MZL), AT101 showed a promising safety profile with 8.3% grade 3 CRS (n = 1) and 8.3% grade 4 ICANS (n = 1). In the whole cohort, the overall response rate was 91.7%, with a complete response rate of 75.0%, which improved to 100% in DL-2 and -3. AT101 expansion correlates with CR and B-cell aplasia. CONCLUSIONS We developed a novel, safe, and potent CART19 product that recognizes a membrane-proximal domain of CD19 with fast on- and off-rates and showed significant efficacy and promising safety in patients with relapsed B-cell NHL. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT05338931; Date: 2022-04-01.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlin Zhang
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, SPE 8-112, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruchi P Patel
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, SPE 8-112, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- Biopharmaceutical Research Center, AbClon Inc., #1401, Ace Twin Tower1, 285 Digital-Ro, Guro-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyungwoo Cho
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Cheol Jo
- Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | | | - Sung Yong Oh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | | | - Sung Hyun Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Mathew Angelos
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, SPE 8-112, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Puneeth Guruprasad
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, SPE 8-112, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ivan Cohen
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, SPE 8-112, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ositadimma Ugwuanyi
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, SPE 8-112, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yong Gu Lee
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, SPE 8-112, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
| | - Raymone Pajarillo
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, SPE 8-112, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jong Hyun Cho
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Alberto Carturan
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, SPE 8-112, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Luca Paruzzo
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, SPE 8-112, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Guido Ghilardi
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, SPE 8-112, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael Wang
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, SPE 8-112, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Soohwan Kim
- Biopharmaceutical Research Center, AbClon Inc., #1401, Ace Twin Tower1, 285 Digital-Ro, Guro-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Min Kim
- Biopharmaceutical Research Center, AbClon Inc., #1401, Ace Twin Tower1, 285 Digital-Ro, Guro-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jong Lee
- Biopharmaceutical Research Center, AbClon Inc., #1401, Ace Twin Tower1, 285 Digital-Ro, Guro-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Park
- Biopharmaceutical Research Center, AbClon Inc., #1401, Ace Twin Tower1, 285 Digital-Ro, Guro-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Leiguang Cui
- Biopharmaceutical Research Center, AbClon Inc., #1401, Ace Twin Tower1, 285 Digital-Ro, Guro-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Bum Lee
- Biopharmaceutical Research Center, AbClon Inc., #1401, Ace Twin Tower1, 285 Digital-Ro, Guro-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Sik Hwang
- Biopharmaceutical Research Center, AbClon Inc., #1401, Ace Twin Tower1, 285 Digital-Ro, Guro-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Ha Lee
- Biopharmaceutical Research Center, AbClon Inc., #1401, Ace Twin Tower1, 285 Digital-Ro, Guro-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Jun Lee
- Biopharmaceutical Research Center, AbClon Inc., #1401, Ace Twin Tower1, 285 Digital-Ro, Guro-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Patrizia Porazzi
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, SPE 8-112, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Yoon Lee
- Biopharmaceutical Research Center, AbClon Inc., #1401, Ace Twin Tower1, 285 Digital-Ro, Guro-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Biopharmaceutical Research Center, AbClon Inc., #1401, Ace Twin Tower1, 285 Digital-Ro, Guro-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Seo Lee
- Biopharmaceutical Research Center, AbClon Inc., #1401, Ace Twin Tower1, 285 Digital-Ro, Guro-Gu, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Dok Hyun Yoon
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Junho Chung
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Suite 510, Samsung Cancer Research Building, 103 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Marco Ruella
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, SPE 8-112, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Wang C, Wang J, Che S, Zhao H. CAR-T cell therapy for hematological malignancies: History, status and promise. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21776. [PMID: 38027932 PMCID: PMC10658259 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
For many years, the methods of cancer treatment are usually surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Although these methods help to improve the condition, most tumors still have a poor prognosis. In recent years, immunotherapy has great potential in tumor treatment. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy (CAR-T) uses the patient's own T cells to express chimeric antigen receptors. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) recognizes tumor-associated antigens and kills tumor cells. CAR-T has achieved good results in the treatment of hematological tumors. In 2017, the FDA approved the first CAR-T for the treatment of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In October of the same year, the FDA approved CAR-T to treat B-cell lymphoma. In order to improve and enhance the therapeutic effect, CAR-T has become a research focus in recent years. The structure of CAR, the targets of CAR-T treatment, adverse reactions and improvement measures during the treatment process are summarized. This review is an attempt to highlight recent and possibly forgotten findings of advances in chimeric antigen receptor T cell for treatment of hematological tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266005, China
| | - Jianpeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266005, China
| | - Shusheng Che
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266005, China
| | - Hai Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266005, China
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Tang J, Liu N, Zhu Y, Li Y, Zhao X. CAR-T Therapy Targets Extra Domain B of Fibronectin Positive Solid Tumor Cells. Immunol Invest 2023; 52:985-996. [PMID: 37815216 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2023.2264332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CAR-T cell immunotherapy has achieved remarkable success in malignant B-cell malignancies, but progress in solid tumors is slow, and one of the key reasons is the lack of ideal targets. Cancer-specific extra domain B of fibronectin (EDB-FN) is widely upregulated in solid tumors and expressed at low levels in normal tissues. Many imaging and targeted cancer therapies based on EDB-FN targets have been developed and tested in clinical trials, making EDB-FN an ideal target for immunotherapy. METHODS We constructed two EDB-FN-targeted CAR-Ts based on the peptide APT0 and the single-chain antibody CGS2 in a lentiviral infection manner for the first time. Luciferase cytotoxicity assay to assess CAR-T killing of tumor cells. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the release of the cytokine IFN-γ. Fluorescence imaging to evaluate the dynamics of CAR-T cell and tumor cell coculture. Knockdown assays were used to validate the target specificity of CAR-T cells. RESULTS In this research, two CAR-Ts targeting EDB-FN, APT0 CAR-T, and CGS2 CAR-T, were constructed. In vitro, both CAR-T cells produced broad-spectrum killing of multiple EDB-FN-positive solid tumor cell lines and were accompanied by cytokine IFN-γ release. Regarding safety, the two CAR-T cells did not affect T cells' normal growth and proliferation and were not toxic to HEK-293T human embryonic kidney epithelial cells. CONCLUSION APT0 CAR-T and CGS2 CAR-T cells are two new CAR-Ts targeting EDB-FN. Both CAR-T cells can successfully identify and specifically kill various EDB-FN-positive solid tumor cells with potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- Department of Targeting Therapy & Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and Department of Respiratory and Critical care Medicine and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Targeting Therapy & Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and Department of Respiratory and Critical care Medicine and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongjie Zhu
- Department of Targeting Therapy & Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and Department of Respiratory and Critical care Medicine and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Core Facilities, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Department of Targeting Therapy & Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and Department of Respiratory and Critical care Medicine and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Zappa E, Vitali A, Anders K, Molenaar JJ, Wienke J, Künkele A. Adoptive cell therapy in paediatric extracranial solid tumours: current approaches and future challenges. Eur J Cancer 2023; 194:113347. [PMID: 37832507 PMCID: PMC10695178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2023.113347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has ignited hope to cure paediatric solid tumours that resist traditional therapies. Among the most promising methods is adoptive cell therapy (ACT). Particularly, ACT using T cells equipped with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) has moved into the spotlight in clinical studies. However, the efficacy of ACT is challenged by ACT-intrinsic factors, like lack of activation or T cell exhaustion, as well as immune evasion strategies of paediatric solid tumours, such as their highly immunosuppressive microenvironment. Novel strategies, including ACT using innate-like lymphocytes, innovative cell engineering techniques, and ACT combination therapies, are being developed and will be crucial to overcome these challenges. Here, we discuss the main classes of ACT for the treatment of paediatric extracranial solid tumours, reflect on the available preclinical and clinical evidence supporting promising strategies, and address the challenges that ACT is still facing. Ultimately, we highlight state-of-the-art developments and opportunities for new therapeutic options, which hold great potential for improving outcomes in this challenging patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Zappa
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alice Vitali
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Kathleen Anders
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan J Molenaar
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Judith Wienke
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Annette Künkele
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Tang J, Zhao X. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells march into T cell malignancies. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:13459-13475. [PMID: 37468610 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05148-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
T cell malignancies represent a diverse collection of leukemia/lymphoma conditions in humans arising from aberrant T cells. Such malignancies are often associated with poor clinical prognoses, cancer relapse, as well as progressive resistance to anti-cancer treatments. While chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell immunotherapy has emerged as a revolutionary treatment strategy that is highly effective for treating B cell malignancies, its application as a treatment for T cell malignancies remains to be better explored. Furthermore, the effectiveness of CAR-T treatment in T cell malignancies is significantly influenced by the quality of contamination-free CAR-T cells during the manufacturing process, as well as by multiple characteristics of such malignancies, including the sharing of antigens across normal and malignant T cells, fratricide, and T cell aplasia. In this review, we provide a detailed account of the current developments in the clinical application of CAR-T therapy to treat T cell malignancies, offer strategies for addressing current challenges, and outline a roadmap toward its effective implementation as a broad treatment option for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- Department of Targeting Therapy & Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Department of Targeting Therapy & Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Alsalloum A, Alrhmoun S, Shevchenko J, Fisher M, Philippova J, Perik-Zavodskii R, Perik-Zavodskaia O, Lopatnikova J, Kurilin V, Volynets M, Akahori Y, Shiku H, Silkov A, Sennikov S. TCR-Engineered Lymphocytes Targeting NY-ESO-1: In Vitro Assessment of Cytotoxicity against Tumors. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2805. [PMID: 37893178 PMCID: PMC10604587 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive T-cell therapies tailored for the treatment of solid tumors encounter intricate challenges, necessitating the meticulous selection of specific target antigens and the engineering of highly specific T-cell receptors (TCRs). This study delves into the cytotoxicity and functional characteristics of in vitro-cultured T-lymphocytes, equipped with a TCR designed to precisely target the cancer-testis antigen NY-ESO-1. Flow cytometry analysis unveiled a notable increase in the population of cells expressing activation markers upon encountering the NY-ESO-1-positive tumor cell line, SK-Mel-37. Employing the NanoString platform, immune transcriptome profiling revealed the upregulation of genes enriched in Gene Ontology Biological Processes associated with the IFN-γ signaling pathway, regulation of T-cell activation, and proliferation. Furthermore, the modified T cells exhibited robust cytotoxicity in an antigen-dependent manner, as confirmed by the LDH assay results. Multiplex immunoassays, including LEGENDplex™, additionally demonstrated the elevated production of cytotoxicity-associated cytokines driven by granzymes and soluble Fas ligand (sFasL). Our findings underscore the specific targeting potential of engineered TCR T cells against NY-ESO-1-positive tumors. Further comprehensive in vivo investigations are essential to thoroughly validate these results and effectively harness the intrinsic potential of genetically engineered T cells for combating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Alsalloum
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk 630099, Russia; (A.A.); (S.A.); (J.S.); (M.F.); (J.P.); (R.P.-Z.); (O.P.-Z.); (J.L.); (V.K.); (M.V.); (A.S.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Saleh Alrhmoun
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk 630099, Russia; (A.A.); (S.A.); (J.S.); (M.F.); (J.P.); (R.P.-Z.); (O.P.-Z.); (J.L.); (V.K.); (M.V.); (A.S.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Julia Shevchenko
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk 630099, Russia; (A.A.); (S.A.); (J.S.); (M.F.); (J.P.); (R.P.-Z.); (O.P.-Z.); (J.L.); (V.K.); (M.V.); (A.S.)
| | - Marina Fisher
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk 630099, Russia; (A.A.); (S.A.); (J.S.); (M.F.); (J.P.); (R.P.-Z.); (O.P.-Z.); (J.L.); (V.K.); (M.V.); (A.S.)
| | - Julia Philippova
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk 630099, Russia; (A.A.); (S.A.); (J.S.); (M.F.); (J.P.); (R.P.-Z.); (O.P.-Z.); (J.L.); (V.K.); (M.V.); (A.S.)
| | - Roman Perik-Zavodskii
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk 630099, Russia; (A.A.); (S.A.); (J.S.); (M.F.); (J.P.); (R.P.-Z.); (O.P.-Z.); (J.L.); (V.K.); (M.V.); (A.S.)
| | - Olga Perik-Zavodskaia
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk 630099, Russia; (A.A.); (S.A.); (J.S.); (M.F.); (J.P.); (R.P.-Z.); (O.P.-Z.); (J.L.); (V.K.); (M.V.); (A.S.)
| | - Julia Lopatnikova
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk 630099, Russia; (A.A.); (S.A.); (J.S.); (M.F.); (J.P.); (R.P.-Z.); (O.P.-Z.); (J.L.); (V.K.); (M.V.); (A.S.)
| | - Vasily Kurilin
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk 630099, Russia; (A.A.); (S.A.); (J.S.); (M.F.); (J.P.); (R.P.-Z.); (O.P.-Z.); (J.L.); (V.K.); (M.V.); (A.S.)
| | - Marina Volynets
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk 630099, Russia; (A.A.); (S.A.); (J.S.); (M.F.); (J.P.); (R.P.-Z.); (O.P.-Z.); (J.L.); (V.K.); (M.V.); (A.S.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yasushi Akahori
- Department of Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan;
| | - Hiroshi Shiku
- Department of Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan;
| | - Alexander Silkov
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk 630099, Russia; (A.A.); (S.A.); (J.S.); (M.F.); (J.P.); (R.P.-Z.); (O.P.-Z.); (J.L.); (V.K.); (M.V.); (A.S.)
| | - Sergey Sennikov
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk 630099, Russia; (A.A.); (S.A.); (J.S.); (M.F.); (J.P.); (R.P.-Z.); (O.P.-Z.); (J.L.); (V.K.); (M.V.); (A.S.)
- Department of Immunology, V. Zelman Institute for Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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Katopodi T, Petanidis S, Anestakis D, Charalampidis C, Chatziprodromidou I, Floros G, Eskitzis P, Zarogoulidis P, Koulouris C, Sevva C, Papadopoulos K, Dagher M, Varsamis N, Theodorou V, Mystakidou CM, Katsios NI, Farmakis K, Kosmidis C. Immunoengineering via Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T Cell Therapy: Reprogramming Nanodrug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2458. [PMID: 37896218 PMCID: PMC10610474 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Following its therapeutic effect in hematological metastasis, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has gained a great deal of attention during the last years. However, the effectiveness of this treatment has been hampered by a number of challenges, including significant toxicities, difficult access to tumor locations, inadequate therapeutic persistence, and manufacturing problems. Developing novel techniques to produce effective CARs, administer them, and monitor their anti-tumor activity in CAR-T cell treatment is undoubtedly necessary. Exploiting the advantages of nanotechnology may possibly be a useful strategy to increase the efficacy of CAR-T cell treatment. This study outlines the current drawbacks of CAR-T immunotherapy and identifies promising developments and significant benefits of using nanotechnology in order to introduce CAR transgene motifs into primary T cells, promote T cell expansion, enhance T cell trafficking, promote intrinsic T cell activity and rewire the immunosuppressive cellular and vascular microenvironments. Therefore, the development of powerful CART cells can be made possible with genetic and functional alterations supported by nanotechnology. In this review, we discuss the innovative and possible uses of nanotechnology for clinical translation, including the delivery, engineering, execution, and modulation of immune functions to enhance and optimize the anti-tumor efficacy of CAR-T cell treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Katopodi
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Biology and Genetics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Savvas Petanidis
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Biology and Genetics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Department of Pulmonology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Doxakis Anestakis
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus; (D.A.); (C.C.)
| | | | | | - George Floros
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Thessaly, 38334 Volos, Greece;
| | - Panagiotis Eskitzis
- Department of Obstetrics, University of Western Macedonia, 50100 Kozani, Greece;
| | - Paul Zarogoulidis
- Third Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 55236 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.Z.); (C.K.); (C.S.); (K.P.); (M.D.); (C.K.)
| | - Charilaos Koulouris
- Third Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 55236 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.Z.); (C.K.); (C.S.); (K.P.); (M.D.); (C.K.)
| | - Christina Sevva
- Third Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 55236 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.Z.); (C.K.); (C.S.); (K.P.); (M.D.); (C.K.)
| | - Konstantinos Papadopoulos
- Third Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 55236 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.Z.); (C.K.); (C.S.); (K.P.); (M.D.); (C.K.)
| | - Marios Dagher
- Third Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 55236 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.Z.); (C.K.); (C.S.); (K.P.); (M.D.); (C.K.)
| | | | - Vasiliki Theodorou
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (V.T.); (C.M.M.)
| | - Chrysi Maria Mystakidou
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (V.T.); (C.M.M.)
| | - Nikolaos Iason Katsios
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos Farmakis
- Pediatric Surgery Clinic, General Hospital of Thessaloniki “G. Gennimatas”, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54635 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Christoforos Kosmidis
- Third Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 55236 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.Z.); (C.K.); (C.S.); (K.P.); (M.D.); (C.K.)
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Wang JY, Wang L. CAR-T cell therapy: Where are we now, and where are we heading? BLOOD SCIENCE 2023; 5:237-248. [PMID: 37941917 PMCID: PMC10629745 DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cell therapies have exhibited remarkable efficacy in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, with 9 CAR-T-cell products currently available. Furthermore, CAR-T cells have shown promising potential for expanding their therapeutic applications to diverse areas, including solid tumors, myocardial fibrosis, and autoimmune and infectious diseases. Despite these advancements, significant challenges pertaining to treatment-related toxic reactions and relapses persist. Consequently, current research efforts are focused on addressing these issues to enhance the safety and efficacy of CAR-T cells and reduce the relapse rate. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the present state of CAR-T-cell therapies, including their achievements, existing challenges, and potential future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Wang
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
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