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Agraib LM, Al-Shami I, Alkhatib B, Al-Dalaeen AM. Do macronutrient intakes affect obesity indices in Jordanian adults? Am J Hum Biol 2023; 35:e23970. [PMID: 37506187 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether macronutrient intake is associated with novel obesity indices, including the conicity index (CI), body adiposity index (BAI), abdominal volume index (AVI), body roundness index (BRI), and weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI). METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 491 adults (344 males and 147 females) working at different universities in Jordan (July-December 2019). Daily intake of energy (kcal), carbohydrates (g), protein (g), and fat (g) was obtained using 24-h recalls collected over 2 days. Additionally, obesity indices were calculated. RESULTS Regardless of sex, energy, and carbohydrate intakes had a moderately significant positive association, whereas protein and fat intakes had a weakly significant association with BAI, AVI, and BRI. CI and WWI showed a weakly significant association with all macronutrients in males, a moderate correlation with energy and carbohydrate intake, and a weak association with fat and protein intake in females. Male participants had significant increases in the CI (T1 = 1.29 ± 0.01 vs. T3 = 1.36 ± 0.01, p = .018), AVI (T1 = 17.96 ± 0.52 vs. T3 = 22.81 ± 0.57, p = .011), and WWI (T1 = 10.72 ± 0.11 vs. T3 = 11.29 ± 0.09, p = .047) indices scores through the carbohydrate intake tertiles. Additionally, there was a significant increase in scores of AVI (T1 = 18.60 ± 0.56 vs. T3 = 21.42 ± 0.46, p = .048) and an almost significant increase in CI (T1 = 1.30 ± 0.01vs. T3 = 1.33 ± 0.01, p = .056) through the tertiles of protein intake. CONCLUSION Macronutrients were significantly associated with all indices. The effect of macronutrients on obesity indices is sex-based. Among men, CI, AVI, and WWI were the indices most affected by carbohydrate and protein intakes. Future studies should further investigate food sources and macronutrient quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana M Agraib
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Jerash University, Jerash, Jordan
| | - Islam Al-Shami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Buthaina Alkhatib
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Anfal M Al-Dalaeen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
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Lee H, Moyo GT, Theophilus RJ, Oldewage-Theron W. Association of Dietary Changes with Risk Factors of Type 2 Diabetes among Older Adults in Sharpeville, South Africa, from 2004 to 2014. Nutrients 2023; 15:4751. [PMID: 38004145 PMCID: PMC10675501 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the associations of dietary changes with risk factors of type 2 diabetes among older populations in Sharpeville, South Africa. A 24 h recall assessment, dietary diversity, and anthropometrics were measured. Blood samples were collected to assess fasting glucose and insulin. Regression analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. The mean BMI of the total of 103 participants was 30.63 kg/m2 at baseline and 29.66 kg/m2 at follow-up. Significantly higher BMI levels were reported in women than men both at baseline (p = 0.003) and follow-up (p = 0.009). Waist circumference significantly decreased from 96.20 cm to 93.16 cm (p = 0.046). The mean levels of HOMA-B significantly increased from 88.99 to 111.19 (p = 0.021). BMI was positively associated with intakes of total energy (p = 0.22), polyunsaturated fatty acids (p = 0.050), and cholesterol (p = 0.006). Waist circumference was strongly associated with total energy (p = 0.048), polyunsaturated fatty acids (p = 0.037), trans fatty acids (p = 0.039), and cholesterol (p = 0.000). HOMA-IR and HOMA-B were associated with intakes of fat (HOMA-IR: p = 0.013; HOMA-B: p = 0.040) and monounsaturated fatty acids (HOMA-IR: p = 0.003; HOMA-B: p = 0.040).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjung Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Gugulethu T. Moyo
- Center for Health and Wellbeing, Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA;
| | - Rufus J. Theophilus
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Wilna Oldewage-Theron
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Department of Sustainable Food Systems and Development, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
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Al-Shami I, Al-Dalaeen A, Alkhatib B, Agraib LM. Dietary fat types consumption association with obesity and coronary indices. J Nutr Sci 2023; 12:e110. [PMID: 37964980 PMCID: PMC10641695 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This article aims to study the different dietary fat types associated with obesity and coronary indices. A sample of 491 healthy adults was included in a cross-sectional manner. Dietary fats intake, obesity indices (conicity index (CI), body adiposity index (BAI), abdominal volume index (AVI), body roundness index (BRI), and weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI)), and cardiovascular indices (cardiometabolic index (CMI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP)) were calculated and studied. Participants with an acceptable intake of omega-3 had a higher BRI score (1⋅90 ± 0⋅06 v. 1⋅70 ± 0⋅06). Participants with an unacceptable intake of cholesterol had a higher CI (1⋅31 ± 0⋅11 v. 1⋅28 ± 0⋅12; P = 0⋅011), AVI (20⋅24 ± 5⋅8 v. 18⋅33 ± 6⋅0; P < 0⋅001), BRI (2⋅00 ± 1⋅01 v. 1⋅70 ± 1⋅00; P = 0⋅003), WWI (11⋅00 ± 0⋅91 v. 10⋅80 ± 0⋅97; P = 0⋅032), and lower AIP (0⋅46 ± 0⋅33 v. 0⋅53 ± 0⋅33; P = 0⋅024). Total fat, saturated fat (SFA), and polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) intake had a significant moderate correlation with AVI and BRI. The monounsaturated fat (MUFA) intake had a significantly weak correlation with CI, AVI, BRI, WWI, and AIP. Cholesterol and omega-6 had weak correlations with all indices. Similar correlations were seen among male and female participants. The different types of fat intake significantly affected obesity and coronary indices, especially SFA and PUFA, as well as omega-3 and cholesterol. Gender and the dietary type of fat intake have a relationship to influence the indicators of both obesity and coronary indices.
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Key Words
- AIP, atherogenic index of plasma
- AMDR, acceptable macronutrients distribution range
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- AVI, abdominal volume index
- BAI, body adiposity index
- BMI, body mass index
- BRI, body roundness index
- CI, conicity index
- CMI, cardiometabolic index
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- Chol, cholesterol
- Cholesterol
- Coronary indices
- HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- LAP, lipid accumulation product
- MUFA
- MUFA, monounsaturated fat
- MetS, metabolic syndrome
- NCD, non-communicable disease
- Obesity indices
- PUFA
- PUFA, polyunsaturated fat
- SFA
- SFA, saturated fat
- SPSS, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences
- T2DM, type 2 diabetes
- WC, waist circumference
- WHtR, waist-to-height ratio
- WWI, weight-adjusted-waist index
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Al-Shami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Anfal Al-Dalaeen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Buthaina Alkhatib
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Lana M. Agraib
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Jerash University, Jerash, Jordan
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Barzegaran M, Jazayeri S, Abolghasemi J, Hosseinzadeh M, Fatemi SF, Mirzaei M, Salehi-Abargouei A. The relationship between dietary lipophilic index and load with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:703. [PMID: 37759180 PMCID: PMC10523600 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05161-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary fatty acids can affect brain health by modifying neuronal membrane fluidity. Dietary lipophilic index (LI) and load (LL) may be related to cell membrane fluidity. This study aimed to determine the relationship between dietary LI and LL with symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, taken from the YaHS (Yazd Health Study) population-based cohort, the data of 2,982 individuals was extracted. Several questionnaires- a 178-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 21 (DASS 21), and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)- were used to obtain information on dietary intake, mental status, and physical activity, respectively. LI and LL were calculated using dietary intake and the melting point of each fatty acid. RESULTS The analysis was performed on 2982 individuals. The odds ratio of depression in the second tertile of dietary LI compared to the first tertile was 0.815 (95% CI 0.66-1.00, P = 0.051, Ptrend = 0.017) and after adjusting confounders was 0.793 (95% CI 0.63-0.99, P = 0.043, Ptrend = 0.011). Also, LL was related inversely with anxiety (0.771, 95% CI 0.63-0.93, P = 0.003) that after multiple regression, OR of anxiety was 0.762 (95% CI 0.53-1.07, P = 0.045). The odds of stress in the third tertile of LL was 1.064 but not statistically significant (95% CI 0.88-1.28, P = 0.729). CONCLUSION This study showed an inverse association between dietary LI and depression symptoms. Anxiety and stress did not show a significant relationship with LI or LL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Barzegaran
- Department of Nutrition , School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Jazayeri
- Department of Nutrition , School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Jamileh Abolghasemi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health , Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Fatemeh Fatemi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoud Mirzaei
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health , Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Rasaei N, Fallah M, Nemati M, Gholami F, Ghaffarian-Ensaf R, Mirzaei K. Investigation the interaction of dietary fat quality indices and the MC4R gene in metabolically healthy and unhealthy overweight and obese women. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12183. [PMID: 37500675 PMCID: PMC10374546 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38988-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a common global problem. Some obese people can be metabolically healthy. Gene-environment interaction can be important in this context. This study aimed to assess the interaction between dietary fat quality indices and the Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) gene in metabolically healthy and unhealthy overweight and obese women. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 279 women with overweight and obesity. The definition of metabolically healthy and unhealthy phenotypes was done according to Karelis criteria. Dietary assessment was done using a 147-item validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and dietary fat quality was assessed by cholesterol-saturated fat index (CSI) and the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 (N6/N3) essential fatty acids. MC4R was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. A generalized linear model was used to evaluate the interaction between dietary fat quality indices and the MC4R gene in both crude and adjusted models. Study subjects with higher ratio of N6/N3 had higher homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA IR) index (P = 0.03) and other variables showed no difference according to the tertile of CSI and N6/N3. Participants with the C allele of MC4R rs17782313 had lower height (P < 0.001) and higher HOMA index (P = 0.01). We found that the CC genotype of MC4R interacts with the N6/N3 ratio on the metabolically unhealthy phenotype in the crude model (β = 9.94, CI 2.49-17.39, P = 0.009) and even after adjustment for all confounders (β = 9.002, CI 1.15-16.85, P = 0.02, β = - 12.12, CI 2.79-21.46, P = 0.01). The data of this study can justify one inconsistency observed in society, regarding dietary recommendations about metabolic health status. Those with CC genotype, are more likely to have an unhealthy phenotype with an increase in N6/N3 as one fat quality indices than those who do not have CC genotype. We found the interaction of dietary fat quality indices such as N6/N3 and the MC4R gene in metabolically unhealthy overweight and obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Rasaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of NutritionalSciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Melika Fallah
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of NutritionalSciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nemati
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of NutritionalSciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Gholami
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of NutritionalSciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of NutritionalSciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.
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Tormási J, Abrankó L. Impact of Grape Seed Powder and Black Tea Brew on Lipid Digestion-An In Vitro Co-Digestion Study with Real Foods. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102395. [PMID: 37242278 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Effects of two foods with bioactive constituents (black tea brew, BTB and grape seed powder, GSP) on lipid digestibility was studied. Lipolysis inhibitory effect of these foods was examined using two test foods (cream and baked beef) with highly different fatty acid (FA) composition. Digestion simulations were performed either using both gastric and pancreatic lipase, or only with pancreatic lipase according to the Infogest protocol. Lipid digestibility was assessed based on the bioaccessible FAs. Results showed the triacylglycerols containing short- and medium-chain FAs (SCFA and MCFA) are non-preferred substrates for pancreatic lipase; however, this is not characteristic for GL. Our findings suggest that both GSP and BTB primarily affect the lipolysis of SCFAs and MCFAs, because the dispreference of pancreatic lipase towards these substrates was further enhanced as a result of co-digestion. Interestingly, GSP and BTB similarly resulted in significant decrease in lipolysis for cream (containing milk fat having a diverse FA profile), whereas they were ineffective in influencing the digestion of beef fat, having simpler FA profile. It highlights that the characteristics of the dietary fat source of a meal can be a key determinant on the observed extent of lipolysis when co-digested with foods with bioactive constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Tormási
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), Villányi Street 29-43, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Abrankó
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), Villányi Street 29-43, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
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Mensah Bonsu I, Brandt C, Ajidahun AT, Omoniyi M, Myezwa H. Physical activity, lifestyle, sociocultural factors and prevalence of excess weight gain among postmenopausal women: A cross-sectional study. WOMEN'S HEALTH (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 19:17455057231184508. [PMID: 38099449 PMCID: PMC10725110 DOI: 10.1177/17455057231184508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most women experienced postmenopausal symptoms during the menopause transition, and they are a common reason for seeking medical attention and lifestyle modification during this phase of life. OBJECTIVE This study assessed the physical activity, lifestyle, and sociocultural levels-associated prevalence of excess weight (overweight and obesity) among postmenopausal women (PW) in Bono-East (Techiman) region, Ghana. DESIGN This is cross-sectional study. METHOD This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Bono-East regional capital, Techiman in Ghana over 5 months. Self-administered questionnaires were used to obtain sociodemographic data, physical activity, lifestyle, and sociocultural associated prevalence of excess weight. Anthropometric indices including ((body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)) were assessed. RESULTS A total of 393 postmenopausal women with a mean age of 60.09 ± 6.24 years participated in the study. When reporting prevalence, obesity, and overweight were distinguished. Using the anthropometric parameters (BMI, WHtR, and WHR) as measured for being overweight, the prevalent rates were 35.7%, 21.7%, and 9.0% respectively. Also, when using obesity, the prevalent rate was 37.8%, 70.1%, and 82.0% using BMI, WHtR, and WHR, respectively. Over 55 (55.2%) of the study participants engaged in moderate physical activities, 23.1% were low and 21.7% with high physical activities. Housewives and unemployed participants are shown to have a higher risk of gaining weight (obese) especially when assessed with WHR and WHtR. Most participants responded that cultural beliefs prevent them from losing weight. Most participants had a poor attitude toward their eating habits. CONCLUSION According to the findings, postmenopausal Ghanaian women showed a high level of obesity and a moderate level of being overweight. The cultural perception of beauty influences Ghanaian postmenopausal women's physical activity level and dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Mensah Bonsu
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Therapeutic Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Corlia Brandt
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Therapeutic Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Adedayo Tunde Ajidahun
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Therapeutic Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Moses Omoniyi
- Department of Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Hellen Myezwa
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Therapeutic Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Albar SA. Dietary Omega-6/Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) and Omega-3 Are Associated With General and Abdominal Obesity in Adults: UK National Diet and Nutritional Survey. Cureus 2022; 14:e30209. [PMID: 36381926 PMCID: PMC9650245 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The link between dietary fats and obesity is still controversial, as in Western diets the percentage of energy from total fat has decreased while the intake of omega-6 has increased, and omega-3 decreased. These changes have corresponded with a significant increase in the prevalence of obesity. Objective This study aims to examine the association of percentages of energy intake (EI) from omega-3 and omega-6 and Σω-6/Σω-3 ratio with BMI and two proxy indicators of central obesity (waist circumference [WC], waist-to-height ratio [WHtR]) and relative fat mass (RFM) estimator of whole-body fat. Design A representative sample of 3,733 adults was used from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Programme (2008/09-2018/19). An estimated four-day food record was used to calculate dietary intake. Regression models were used to verify the association of omega-3 and omega-6 and quintiles of Σω-6/ Σω-3 ratio with general and abdominal obesity with adjustment for important confounders. A p-value of <0.05 represented statistical significance. Results The findings of this study show that the average ratio of Σω-6/Σω-3 was 5.5:1 ± 2. There was a significant association between the ratio of Σω-6/Σω-3 and BMI, WC, WHtR and RFM. However, the percentage of total EI from total fat was only significant with BMI, while the percentage of EI from omega-3 was negatively associated with WC, WHtR and RFM. No association was found between the percentage of EI from omega-6 and general or abdominal obesity. Conclusion The effect of Σω-6/Σω-3 may be largely driven by a deficiency in the intake of omega-3. Omega-6 and omega-3 should be listed as such in national surveys instead of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). Meeting recommended levels of omega-3 and lowering Σω-6/Σω-3 are imperative to establish healthier dietary patterns and prevent obesity.
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Mozafarinia M, Heidari-Beni M, Abbasi B, Kelishadi R. Association between dietary fat quality indices with anthropometric measurements in children and adolescents. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:244. [PMID: 35501838 PMCID: PMC9059420 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03307-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association between anthropometric measures and dietary fat quality indices is unclear in pediatric age groups. The present study aimed to assess the association between dietary lipophilic index (LI) and thrombogenic index (TI) as dietary fat quality indices with anthropometric measurements in children and adolescents. Method This nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted on 4323 students aged 6-18 years that were selected by multistage cluster sampling from 31 provinces of Iran. Dietary intake was collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire and dietary LI and TI were calculated by formula. Data on anthropometric measures were collected by standard protocols. Results The multivariate regression analysis revealed that TI and LI had inverse association with neck circumference Z-score (β = 0.11, p = 0.013 and β = 0.12 p = 0.006, respectively). There was a positive correlation between LI with height Z-score (β = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.01, p = 0.009). However, there was no significant association between LI and TI with other anthropometric indices (P > 0.05). Conclusion The quality of dietary fats was associated with some anthropometric indices. Further large-scale studies are required to highlight the importance of dietary fat quality indices in relation to cardio-metabolic risk factors in pediatric age groups. Reducing intake of saturated fatty acids, increasing consumption of monounsaturated fatty acids and a balanced intake of omega-3 and omega-6 to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases risk factors are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Mozafarinia
- Department of Nutrition, Electronic Health and Statistics Surveillance Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Motahar Heidari-Beni
- Department of Nutrition, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Behnood Abbasi
- Department of Nutrition, Electronic Health and Statistics Surveillance Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Association between Green Tea Consumption and Abdominal Obesity Risk in Middle-Aged Korean Population: Findings from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052735. [PMID: 35270427 PMCID: PMC8910422 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of general and abdominal obesity is increasing with rapid economic growth and the westernization of dietary habits in Korea, especially in the middle-aged population. Data were obtained from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES), which recruited 10,030 participants between the ages of 40 and 69 years. Information on green tea consumption was obtained from the food frequency questionnaire and categorized as none, <1 cup, between 1 and <4 cups, and ≥4 cups. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the ORs and 95% CIs to examine any possible associations between green tea consumption and the risk of abdominal obesity after controlling for potential confounders. High consumption of green tea was associated with a 44% lower odds ratio for abdominal obesity (none vs. ≥4 cups/week: OR, 0.56; 95% CI 0.41-0.78; p for trend = 0.001). When stratified by sex, an inverse association between green tea consumption and abdominal obesity was observed only in women (none vs. ≥4 cups/week: OR, 0.71; 95% CI 0.57−0.88; p for trend = 0.004). No significant association was found among men. Our findings indicate that green tea consumption has beneficial effects in the prevention of abdominal obesity in middle-aged Korean women.
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Swarnamali H, Jayawardena R, Michail Chourdakis, Ranasinghe P. Is the proportion of per capita fat supply associated with the prevalence of overweight and obesity? an ecological analysis. BMC Nutr 2022; 8:4. [PMID: 35022072 PMCID: PMC8756625 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-021-00496-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although it is reported in numerous interventional and observational studies, that a low-fat diet is an effective method to combat overweight and obesity, the relationship at the global population level is not well established. This study aimed to quantify the associations between worldwide per capita fat supply and prevalence of overweight and obesity and further classify this association based on per capita Gross National Income (GNI). METHODS A total of 93 countries from four GNI groups were selected. Country-specific overweight and obesity prevalence data were retrieved from the most recent WHO Global Health Observatory database. Per capita supply of fat and calories were obtained from the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization database; FAOSTAT, Food Balance Sheet for years 2014-2016. The categorizations of countries were done based on GNI based classification by the World Bank. RESULTS Among the selected countries, the overweight prevalence ranged from 3.9% (India) to 78.8% (Kiribati), while obesity prevalence ranged from 3.6% (Bangladesh) to 46.0% (Kiribati). The highest and the lowest per capita fat supply from total calorie supply were documented in Australia (41.2%) and Madagascar (10.5%) respectively. A significant strong positive correlation was observed between the prevalence of overweight (r = 0.64, p < 0.001) and obesity (r = 0.59, p < 0.001) with per capita fat supply. The lower ends of both trend lines were densely populated by the low- and lower-middle-income countries and the upper ends of both lines were greatly populated by the high-income countries. CONCLUSIONS Per capita fat supply per country is significantly associated with both prevalence of overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasinthi Swarnamali
- Health and Wellness Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Ranil Jayawardena
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michail Chourdakis
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Social & Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Priyanga Ranasinghe
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
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Risk factors for overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. BMC Nutr 2021; 7:37. [PMID: 34266482 PMCID: PMC8283918 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-021-00445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Overweight and obesity have increased considerably in low- and middle-income countries over the past few decades, particularly among women of reproductive age. This study assessed the role of physical activity, nutrient intake and risk factors for overweight and obesity among women in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 1004 women aged 15–49 years in the Dar es Salaam Urban Cohort Study (DUCS) from September 2018 to January 2019. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Physical activity was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) using metabolic equivalent tasks (MET). Modified poison regression models were used to evaluate associations between physical activity and nutrient intake with overweight/obesity in women, controlling for energy and other factors. Results The mean (±SD) age of study women was 30.2 (±8.1) years. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was high (50.4%), and underweight was 8.6%. The risk of overweight/obesity was higher among older women (35–49 vs 15–24 years: PR 1.59; 95% CI: 1.30–1.95); women of higher wealth status (PR 1.24; 95% CI: 1.07–1.43); and informally employed and married women. Attaining moderate to high physical activity (≥600 MET) was inversely associated with overweight/obesity (PR 0.79; 95% CI: 0.63–0.99). Dietary sugar intake (PR 1.27; 95% CI: 1.03–1.58) was associated with increased risk, and fish and poultry consumption (PR 0.78; 95% CI: 0.61–0.99) with lower risk of overweight/obesity. Conclusion Lifestyle (low physical activity and high sugar intake), age, wealth status, informal employment and marital status were associated with increased risk of overweight/obesity, while consumption of fish and poultry protein was associated with lower risk. The study findings underscore the need to design feasible and high-impact interventions to address physical activity and healthy diets among women in Tanzania.
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The Healthy Gluten-Free Diet: Practical Tips to Prevent Metabolic Disorders and Nutritional Deficiencies in Celiac Patients. GASTROENTEROLOGY INSIGHTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/gastroent12020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The gluten-free diet (GFD) is the cornerstone treatment for coeliac disease (CD). However, a healthy GFD is more complex than the only exclusion of gluten-containing foods. Most celiac patients do not receive nutritional advice and tend to consume industrial gluten-free products (GFPs), which often lack fiber, vitamins, and other micronutrients while being rich in saturated fats and refined sugars. This review focuses on the main potential metabolic disorders and nutritional deficiencies in CD patients at diagnosis and dissects the main nutritional and metabolic issues due to a non-balanced GFD. Nutritional tips to achieve an adequate dietary approach in CD are provided. We also compared the main nutritional components of naturally gluten-free cereals (including pseudocereals) to give an exhaustive overview of the possible healthy alternatives to processed GFPs. Clinicians and dietitians should be systematically involved in the diagnosis of CD to monitor the appropriateness of GFD and the patient’s nutritional status over time.
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Canelli G, Tarnutzer C, Carpine R, Neutsch L, Bolten CJ, Dionisi F, Mathys A. Biochemical and Nutritional Evaluation of Chlorella and Auxenochlorella Biomasses Relevant for Food Application. Front Nutr 2020; 7:565996. [PMID: 33117841 PMCID: PMC7557355 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.565996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are a source of potentially healthy and sustainable nutrients. However, the bioaccessibility of these nutrients remains uncertain. In this study, we analyzed the biomass composition of five commercial Chlorella and Auxenochlorella strains, and Chlorella vulgaris heterotrophically cultivated in our laboratory. Protein accounted for 65 ± 3% (w w-1) dry matter (DM) in all biomasses, except for the lab-grown C. vulgaris that contained 20% (w w-1) DM protein. The fatty acids content was comparable and ranged between 7 and 10% (w w-1) DM. Most of the biomasses had a ω6-polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)/ω3-PUFAs ratio <4, as recommended by nutritional experts. A recently published harmonized protocol for in vitro digestion was used to evaluate fatty acids and protein bioaccessibilities. Protein bioaccessibility ranged between 60 and 74% for commercial Chlorella and Auxenochlorella biomasses and was 43% for the lab-grown C. vulgaris. Fatty acids bioaccessibility was <7% in commercial biomasses and 19% in the lab-grown C. vulgaris. Taken together, the results show that microalgae are promising sources of bioaccessible protein. The limited fatty acids bioaccessibility indicates the need for alternative upstream and downstream production strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Canelli
- Laboratory of Sustainable Food Processing, ETH Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Tarnutzer
- Laboratory of Sustainable Food Processing, ETH Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roberta Carpine
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, ZHAW, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland.,Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Neutsch
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, ZHAW, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Alexander Mathys
- Laboratory of Sustainable Food Processing, ETH Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
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