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Huang S, Xu Z, Zhi W, Li Y, Hu Y, Zhao F, Zhu X, Miao M, Jia Y. pH/GSH dual-responsive nanoparticle for auto-amplified tumor therapy of breast cancer. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:324. [PMID: 38858692 PMCID: PMC11163783 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02588-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer remains a malignancy that poses a serious threat to human health worldwide. Chemotherapy is one of the most widely effective cancer treatments in clinical practice, but it has some drawbacks such as poor targeting, high toxicity, numerous side effects, and susceptibility to drug resistance. For auto-amplified tumor therapy, a nanoparticle designated GDTF is prepared by wrapping gambogic acid (GA)-loaded dendritic porous silica nanoparticles (DPSNs) with a tannic acid (TA)-Fe(III) coating layer. GDTF possesses the properties of near-infrared (NIR)-enhanced and pH/glutathione (GSH) dual-responsive drug release, photothermal conversion, GSH depletion and hydroxyl radical (·OH) production. When GDTF is exposed to NIR laser irradiation, it can effectively inhibit cell proliferation and tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo with limited toxicity. This may be due to the synergistic effect of enhanced tumor accumulation, and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, GSH depletion, and TrxR activity reduction. This study highlights the enormous potential of auto-amplified tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Huang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, P. R. China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, P.R. China.
| | - Zhiling Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Zhi
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, P. R. China
| | - Yijing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, P. R. China
| | - Yurong Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, P.R. China
| | - Fengqin Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, P.R. China
| | - Xiali Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, P. R. China.
| | - Mingsan Miao
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, P. R. China.
| | - Yongyan Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, P. R. China.
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2
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Lang X, Wang X, Han M, Guo Y. Nanoparticle-Mediated Synergistic Chemoimmunotherapy for Cancer Treatment. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:4533-4568. [PMID: 38799699 PMCID: PMC11127654 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s455213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Until now, there has been a lack of effective strategies for cancer treatment. Immunotherapy has high potential in treating several cancers but its efficacy is limited as a monotherapy. Chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) holds promise to be widely used in cancer treatment. Therefore, identifying their involvement and potential synergy in CIT approaches is decisive. Nano-based drug delivery systems (NDDSs) are ideal delivery systems because they can simultaneously target immune cells and cancer cells, promoting drug accumulation, and reducing the toxicity of the drug. In this review, we first introduce five current immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint blocking (ICB), adoptive cell transfer therapy (ACT), cancer vaccines, oncolytic virus therapy (OVT) and cytokine therapy. Subsequently, the immunomodulatory effects of chemotherapy by inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD), promoting tumor killer cell infiltration, down-regulating immunosuppressive cells, and inhibiting immune checkpoints have been described. Finally, the NDDSs-mediated collaborative drug delivery systems have been introduced in detail, and the development of NDDSs-mediated CIT nanoparticles has been prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Lang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangtao Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meihua Han
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yifei Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Ozsoy F, Mohammed M, Jan N, Lulek E, Ertas YN. T Cell and Natural Killer Cell Membrane-Camouflaged Nanoparticles for Cancer and Viral Therapies. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:2637-2659. [PMID: 38687958 PMCID: PMC11110059 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Extensive research has been conducted on the application of nanoparticles in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Due to their exceptional characteristics and flexible structure, they are classified as highly efficient drug delivery systems, ensuring both safety and targeted delivery. Nevertheless, nanoparticles still encounter obstacles, such as biological instability, absence of selectivity, recognition as unfamiliar elements, and quick elimination, which restrict their remedial capacity. To surmount these drawbacks, biomimetic nanotechnology has been developed that utilizes T cell and natural killer (NK) cell membrane-encased nanoparticles as sophisticated methods of administering drugs. These nanoparticles can extend the duration of drug circulation and avoid immune system clearance. During the membrane extraction and coating procedure, the surface proteins of immunological cells are transferred to the biomimetic nanoparticles. Such proteins present on the surface of cells confer several benefits to nanoparticles, including prolonged circulation, enhanced targeting, controlled release, specific cellular contact, and reduced in vivo toxicity. This review focuses on biomimetic nanosystems that are derived from the membranes of T cells and NK cells and their comprehensive extraction procedure, manufacture, and applications in cancer treatment and viral infections. Furthermore, potential applications, prospects, and existing challenges in their medical implementation are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Ozsoy
- ERNAM−Nanotechnology
Research and Application Center, Erciyes
University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Mahir Mohammed
- ERNAM−Nanotechnology
Research and Application Center, Erciyes
University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Nasrullah Jan
- Department
of Pharmacy, The University of Chenab, Gujrat, Punjab 50700, Pakistan
| | - Elif Lulek
- ERNAM−Nanotechnology
Research and Application Center, Erciyes
University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Nuri Ertas
- ERNAM−Nanotechnology
Research and Application Center, Erciyes
University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
- UNAM−National
Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent
University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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4
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Ilieş BD, Yildiz I, Abbas M. Peptide-conjugated Nanoparticle Platforms for Targeted Delivery, Imaging, and Biosensing Applications. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300867. [PMID: 38551557 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
Peptides have become an indispensable tool in engineering of multifunctional nanostructure platforms for biomedical applications such as targeted drug and gene delivery, imaging and biosensing. They can be covalently incorporated into a variety of nanoparticles (NPs) including polymers, metallic nanoparticles, and others. Using different bioconjugation techniques, multifunctional peptide-modified NPs can be formulated to produce therapeutical and diagnostic platforms offering high specificity, lower toxicity, biocompatibility, and stimuli responsive behavior. Targeting peptides can direct the nanoparticles into specific tissues for targeted drug and gene delivery and imaging applications due to their specificity towards certain receptors. Furthermore, due to their stimuli-responsive features, they can offer controlled release of therapeutics into desired sites of disease. In addition, peptide-based biosensors and imaging agents can provide non-invasive detection and monitoring of diseases including cancer, infectious diseases, and neurological disorders. In this review, we covered the design and formulation of recent peptide-based NP platforms, as well as their utilization in in vitro and in vivo applications such as targeted drug and gene delivery, targeting, sensing, and imaging applications. In the end, we provided the future outlook to design new peptide conjugated nanomaterials for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Dragoş Ilieş
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box, 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Functional Biomaterials Group, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box, 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Ibrahim Yildiz
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box, 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Functional Biomaterials Group, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box, 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Manzar Abbas
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box, 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Functional Biomaterials Group, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box, 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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5
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Blaya-Cánovas JL, Griñán-Lisón C, Blancas I, Marchal JA, Ramírez-Tortosa C, López-Tejada A, Benabdellah K, Cortijo-Gutiérrez M, Cano-Cortés MV, Graván P, Navarro-Marchal SA, Gómez-Morales J, Delgado-Almenta V, Calahorra J, Agudo-Lera M, Sagarzazu A, Rodríguez-González CJ, Gallart-Aragón T, Eich C, Sánchez-Martín RM, Granados-Principal S. Autologous patient-derived exhausted nano T-cells exploit tumor immune evasion to engage an effective cancer therapy. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:83. [PMID: 38730475 PMCID: PMC11084007 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01997-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active targeting by surface-modified nanoplatforms enables a more precise and elevated accumulation of nanoparticles within the tumor, thereby enhancing drug delivery and efficacy for a successful cancer treatment. However, surface functionalization involves complex procedures that increase costs and timelines, presenting challenges for clinical implementation. Biomimetic nanoparticles (BNPs) have emerged as unique drug delivery platforms that overcome the limitations of actively targeted nanoparticles. Nevertheless, BNPs coated with unmodified cells show reduced functionalities such as specific tumor targeting, decreasing the therapeutic efficacy. Those challenges can be overcome by engineering non-patient-derived cells for BNP coating, but these are complex and cost-effective approaches that hinder their wider clinical application. Here we present an immune-driven strategy to improve nanotherapeutic delivery to tumors. Our unique perspective harnesses T-cell exhaustion and tumor immune evasion to develop a groundbreaking new class of BNPs crafted from exhausted T-cells (NExT) of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients by specific culture methods without sophisticated engineering. METHODS NExT were generated by coating PLGA (poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)) nanoparticles with TNBC-derived T-cells exhausted in vitro by acute activation. Physicochemical characterization of NExT was made by dynamic light scattering, electrophoretic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy, and preservation and orientation of immune checkpoint receptors by flow cytometry. The efficacy of chemotherapy-loaded NExT was assessed in TNBC cell lines in vitro. In vivo toxicity was made in CD1 mice. Biodistribution and therapeutic activity of NExT were determined in cell-line- and autologous patient-derived xenografts in immunodeficient mice. RESULTS We report a cost-effective approach with a good performance that provides NExT naturally endowed with immune checkpoint receptors (PD1, LAG3, TIM3), augmenting specific tumor targeting by engaging cognate ligands, enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy, and disrupting the PD1/PDL1 axis in an immunotherapy-like way. Autologous patient-derived NExT revealed exceptional intratumor accumulation, heightened chemotherapeutic index and efficiency, and targeted the tumor stroma in a PDL1+ patient-derived xenograft model of triple-negative breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS These advantages underline the potential of autologous patient-derived NExT to revolutionize tailored adoptive cancer nanotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy, which endorses their widespread clinical application of autologous patient-derived NExT.
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Grants
- PRDJA19001BLAY Fundación Científica Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer
- POSTDOC_21_638 Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo, Junta de Andalucía
- RTI2018.101309B-C22 Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
- FPU19/04450 Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
- DOC_01686 Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades
- PI19/01533 Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- P29/22/02 Consejería de Economía, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad, Junta de Andalucía, Spain
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Blaya-Cánovas
- UGC de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario de Jaén, Jaén, 23007, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University Hospitals of Granada- University of Granada, Granada, 18100, Spain
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, GENYO, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, 18016, Spain
| | - Carmen Griñán-Lisón
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University Hospitals of Granada- University of Granada, Granada, 18100, Spain
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, GENYO, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, 18016, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, Granada, 18071, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, 18100, Spain
| | - Isabel Blancas
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University Hospitals of Granada- University of Granada, Granada, 18100, Spain
- UGC de Oncología, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, 18016, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, 18016, Spain
| | - Juan A Marchal
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University Hospitals of Granada- University of Granada, Granada, 18100, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, 18100, Spain
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, 18100, Spain
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, 18016, Spain
| | - César Ramírez-Tortosa
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University Hospitals of Granada- University of Granada, Granada, 18100, Spain
- UGC de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital San Cecilio, Granada, 18016, Spain
| | - Araceli López-Tejada
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University Hospitals of Granada- University of Granada, Granada, 18100, Spain
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, GENYO, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, 18016, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Karim Benabdellah
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, GENYO, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, 18016, Spain
| | - Marina Cortijo-Gutiérrez
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, GENYO, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, 18016, Spain
| | - M Victoria Cano-Cortés
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University Hospitals of Granada- University of Granada, Granada, 18100, Spain
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, GENYO, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, 18016, Spain
- Department of Medicinal & Organic Chemistry and Excellence Research Unit of "Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and the Environment", Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Pablo Graván
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University Hospitals of Granada- University of Granada, Granada, 18100, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, 18100, Spain
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Saúl A Navarro-Marchal
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University Hospitals of Granada- University of Granada, Granada, 18100, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, 18100, Spain
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, 18100, Spain
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Jaime Gómez-Morales
- Laboratorio de Estudios Cristalográficos IACT-CSIC-UGR, Armilla, 18100, Spain
| | - Violeta Delgado-Almenta
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, GENYO, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, 18016, Spain
| | - Jesús Calahorra
- UGC de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario de Jaén, Jaén, 23007, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University Hospitals of Granada- University of Granada, Granada, 18100, Spain
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, GENYO, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, 18016, Spain
| | - María Agudo-Lera
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, GENYO, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, 18016, Spain
| | - Amaia Sagarzazu
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, GENYO, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, 18016, Spain
| | | | - Tania Gallart-Aragón
- Department of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, 18016, Spain
- UGC de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, 18016, Spain
| | - Christina Eich
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333, The Netherlands
| | - Rosario M Sánchez-Martín
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University Hospitals of Granada- University of Granada, Granada, 18100, Spain
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, GENYO, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, 18016, Spain
- Department of Medicinal & Organic Chemistry and Excellence Research Unit of "Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and the Environment", Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Sergio Granados-Principal
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University Hospitals of Granada- University of Granada, Granada, 18100, Spain.
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, GENYO, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, 18016, Spain.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, Granada, 18071, Spain.
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Ghosh S, Lai JY. An insight into the dual role of MoS2-based nanocarriers in anticancer drug delivery and therapy. Acta Biomater 2024; 179:36-60. [PMID: 38552760 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Over the years, nanomaterials have been exploited as drug delivery systems and therapeutic agents in cancer treatment. Special emphasis has been placed on structure and shape-mediated drug loading and release. Functional materials, including molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), have shown promising results because of their tunable structure and unmatched physicochemical properties. Specifically, easy surface functionalization and high drug adsorption ability make them ideal candidates. Although the large surface area of nanosheets/nanoflakes may result in high drug loading, the encapsulation efficiency is better for MoS2 nanoflower structures. Due to its high targeting abilities, the loading of chemotherapeutic drugs onto MoS2 may minimize nonspecific cellular death and undesired side effects. Furthermore, due to their strong light-absorption ability, MoS2 nanostructures have been widely exploited as photothermal and photodynamic therapeutic agents. The unexplored dimensions of cancer therapy, including chemodynamic (Fenton-like reaction) and piezo-catalytic (ultrasound-mediated reactive oxygen generation), have been recently unlocked, in which the catalytic properties of MoS2 are utilized to generate toxic free radicals to eliminate cancer. Intriguingly, combining these therapeutic modalities often results in high therapeutic efficacy at low doses and minimizes side effects. With a plethora of recent studies, a thorough analysis of current findings is crucial. Therefore, this review discusses the major advances in this field of research. A brief commentary on the limitations/future outlook/ethical issues of the clinical translation of MoS2-mediated cancer treatments is also deliberated. Overall, in our observations, the MoS2-based nanoformulations hold great potential for future cancer therapy applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Development of nanomedicines based on MoS2 has opened new avenues in cancer treatment. The MoS2 with different morphologies (nanosheet/nanoflower/QDs) has shown promising results in controlled and targeted drug delivery, leading to minimized side effects and increased therapeutic efficacy. While existing reviews have primarily focused on the optical/thermal properties utilized in photodynamic/photothermal therapy, the outstanding catalytic properties of MoS2 utilized in cancer therapies (chemodynamic/piezo-catalytic) are often overlooked. This review critically highlights and praises/criticizes individual articles reporting the MoS2-based nanoplatforms for cancer therapy applications. Additionally, MoS2-based combined therapies for synergistic effects are discussed. Furthermore, a brief commentary on the future prospects for clinical translations is also deliberated, which is appealing to various research communities engaged in cancer theranostics and biomedical sciences research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Yang Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan; Center for Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
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7
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Fang S, Zheng L, Shu GF, Xiaoxiao C, Guo X, Ding Y, Yang W, Chen J, Zhao Z, Tu J, Chen M, Ji JS. Multiple Immunomodulatory Strategies Based on Targeted Regulation of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 and Immune Homeostasis against Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ACS NANO 2024; 18:8811-8826. [PMID: 38466366 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is the most promising systemic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the outcome remains poor. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) plays a role in altering cell-surface protein levels, potentially undermining the efficacy of immunotherapy against tumors. This highlights its potential as a target for antitumor therapy. Herein, CaCO3-based nanoparticles coencapsulated with DOX, an immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducer, and evolocumab was developed to enhanced the efficacy of immunotherapy. The obtained DOX/evolocumab-loaded CaCO3 nanoparticle (named DECP) exhibits a good capacity of acid neutralization and causes ICD of cancer cells. In addition, DECP is able to evaluate the cell-surface level of MHC-I, a biomarker that correlates positively with patients' overall survival. Upon intravenous injection, DECP accumulates within the tumor site, leading to growth inhibition of hepa1-6 bearing subcutaneous tumors. Specifically, DECP treatment causes augmented ratios of matured dendritic cells, tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and natural killing cells, while concurrently depleting Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Peritumoral delivery of DECP enhances the immune response of distant tumors and exhibits antitumor effects when combined with intravenous αPD-L1 therapy in a bilateral tumor model. This study presents CaCO3-based nanoparticles with multiple immunomodulatory strategies against hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting PCSK9 inhibition and modulating immune homeostasis in the unfavorable TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiji Fang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China
- Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medcine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Liyun Zheng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China
- Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medcine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
- Department of radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Gao-Feng Shu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China
- Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medcine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Lishui, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Chen Xiaoxiao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China
- Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medcine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Xiaoju Guo
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China
- Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medcine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
- Department of radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Yiming Ding
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China
- Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medcine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Jiale Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China
- Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medcine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Zhongwei Zhao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China
- Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medcine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Jianfei Tu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China
- Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medcine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Minjiang Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China
- Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medcine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Jian-Song Ji
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China
- Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medcine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
- Department of radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Lishui 323000, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Lishui, Lishui 323000, China
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8
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Jalili A, Bagherifar R, Nokhodchi A, Conway B, Javadzadeh Y. Current Advances in Nanotechnology-Mediated Delivery of Herbal and Plant-Derived Medicines. Adv Pharm Bull 2023; 13:712-722. [PMID: 38022806 PMCID: PMC10676547 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytomedicine has been used by humans since ancient times to treat a variety of diseases. However, herbal medicines face significant challenges, including poor water and lipid solubility and instability, which lead to low bioavailability and insufficient therapeutic efficacy. Recently, it has been shown that nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems are appropriate to overcome the above-mentioned limitations. The present review study first discusses herbal medicines and the challenges involved in the formulation of these drugs. The different types of nano-based drug delivery systems used in herbal delivery and their potential to improve therapeutic efficacy are summarized, and common techniques for preparing nanocarriers used in herbal drug delivery are also discussed. Finally, a list of nanophyto medicines that have entered clinical trials since 2010, as well as those that the FDA has approved, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Jalili
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus
| | - Rafieh Bagherifar
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Nokhodchi
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Arundel Building, Brighton BNI 9QJ, UK
- Lupin Research Center, Coral Springs, Florida, USA
| | - Barbara Conway
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
- Institute of Skin Integrity and Infection Prevention, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Yousef Javadzadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
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9
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Taghizadeh Pirposhteh R, Arefian E, Arashkia A, Mohajel N. Nona-Arginine Mediated Anti-E6 ShRNA Delivery Suppresses the Growth of Hela Cells in vitro. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2023; 27:349-56. [PMID: 37978985 PMCID: PMC10826911 DOI: 10.61186/ibj.3963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Background The E6 oncoprotein of HPV plays a crucial role in promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis, leading to tumor growth. Non-viral vectors such as nona-arginine (R9) peptides have shown to be potential as carriers for therapeutic molecules. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of nona-arginine in delivering E6 shRNA and suppressing the E6 gene of HeLa cells in vitro. Methods HeLa cells carrying E6 gene were treated with a complex of nona-arginine and E6 shRNA. The complex was evaluated using gel retardation assay and FESEM microscopy. The optimal N/P ratio for R9 peptide to transfect HeLa cells with luciferase gene was determined. Relative real-time PCR was used to evaluate the efficiency of mRNA suppression efficiency for E6 shRNA, while the effect of E6 shRNA on cell viability was measured using an MTT assay. Results The results indicated that R9 efficiently binds to shRNA and effectively transfects E6 shRNA complexes at N/P ratios greater than 30. Transfection with R9 and PEI complexes resulted in a significant toxicity compared to the scrambled plasmid, indicating selective toxicity for HeLa cells. Real-time PCR confirmed the reduction of E6 mRNA expression levels in the cells transfected with anti-E6 shRNA. Conclusion The study suggests that R9 is a promising non-viral gene carrier for transfecting E6 shRNA in vitro, with significant transfection efficiency and minimal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ehsan Arefian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Arash Arashkia
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Nasir Mohajel
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
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10
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He S, Ji Z, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Chen J, Hu J, Wang R, Ding Y. Investigation of LGALS2 expression in the TCGA database reveals its clinical relevance in breast cancer immunotherapy and drug resistance. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17445. [PMID: 37838802 PMCID: PMC10576795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44777-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BRCA) is known as the leading cause of death in women worldwide and has a poor prognosis. Traditional therapeutic strategies such as surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy can cause adverse reactions such as drug resistance. Immunotherapy, a new treatment approach with fewer side effects and stronger universality, can prolong the survival of BRCA patients and even achieve clinical cure. However, due to population heterogeneity and other reasons, there are still certain factors that limit the efficacy of immunotherapy. Therefore, the importance of finding new tumor immune biomarker cannot be emphasized enough. Studies have reported that LGALS2 was closely related to immunotherapy efficacy, however, it is unclear whether it can act as an immune checkpoint for BRCA immunotherapy. In the current study, changes in LGALS2 expression were analyzed in public datasets such as TCGA-BRCA. We found that LGALS2 expression was associated with immune infiltration, drug resistance and other characteristics of BRCA. Moreover, high LGALS2 expression was closely related to immunotherapy response, and was associated with methylation modifications and clinical resistance for the first time. These findings may help to elucidate the role of LGALS2 in BRCA for the development and clinical application of future immunotherapy strategies against BRCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song He
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghao Ji
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiwen Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinping Hu
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqing Wang
- The Eye Center in the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Ziqiang Street 218#, Nanguan District, Changchun, Jilin, 130041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Zangi AR, Amiri A, Borzouee F, Bagherifar R, Pazooki P, Hamishehkar H, Javadzadeh Y. Immobilized nanoparticles-mediated enzyme therapy; promising way into clinical development. DISCOVER NANO 2023; 18:55. [PMID: 37382752 PMCID: PMC10409955 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-023-03823-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme (Enz)-mediated therapy indicated a remarkable effect in the treatment of many human cancers and diseases with an insight into clinical phases. Because of insufficient immobilization (Imb) approach and ineffective carrier, Enz therapeutic exhibits low biological efficacy and bio-physicochemical stability. Although efforts have been made to remove the limitations mentioned in clinical trials, efficient Imb-destabilization and modification of nanoparticles (NPs) remain challenging. NP internalization through insufficient membrane permeability, precise endosomal escape, and endonuclease protection following release are the primary development approaches. In recent years, innovative manipulation of the material for Enz immobilization (EI) fabrication and NP preparation has enabled nanomaterial platforms to improve Enz therapeutic outcomes and provide low-diverse clinical applications. In this review article, we examine recent advances in EI approaches and emerging views and explore the impact of Enz-mediated NPs on clinical therapeutic outcomes with at least diverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rajabi Zangi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ala Amiri
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Borzouee
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rafieh Bagherifar
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pouya Pazooki
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, 5166-15731, Iran
| | - Yousef Javadzadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, 5166-15731, Iran.
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12
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Zhao P, Tian Y, Lu Y, Zhang J, Tao A, Xiang G, Liu Y. Biomimetic calcium carbonate nanoparticles delivered IL-12 mRNA for targeted glioblastoma sono-immunotherapy by ultrasound-induced necroptosis. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:525. [PMID: 36496387 PMCID: PMC9741778 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01731-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor, which owns the characteristics of high recurrence, low survival rate and poor prognosis because of the existence of blood brain barrier (BBB) and complicated brain tumor microenvironment. Currently, immunotherapy has attracted much attention on account of favorable therapeutic effect. In this study, we designed a cRGD-modified cancer cell membrane (CM) coated calcium carbonate nanoparticle to deliver interleukin-12 messenger RNA (IL-12 mRNA@cRGD-CM-CaCO3 NPs). The cRGD-modified CM as the shell can endow the nanoparticles with BBB crossing and tumor homing/homotypic targeting effect in the brain tumor microenvironment. IL-12 mRNA-loaded calcium carbonate nanoparticles as the core allow synergistic immunotherapy of necroptosis-induced immune response and IL-12 mRNA transfection under ultrasound irradiation. The as-prepared biomimetic nanoparticles showed superior target and immunotherapeutic outcomes, suggesting that this biomimetic nanoplatform provides a feasible strategy for promoting BBB-penetrating and antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxuan Zhao
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China ,grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China ,grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493 School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 China
| | - Yu Tian
- Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yongping Lu
- grid.440773.30000 0000 9342 2456Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, 650021 China
| | - Jun Zhang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Anyu Tao
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Guangya Xiang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Yani Liu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
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13
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Su L, Hao Y, Li R, Pan W, Ma X, Weng J, Min Y. Red blood cell-based vaccines for ameliorating cancer chemoimmunotherapy. Acta Biomater 2022; 154:401-411. [PMID: 36241013 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has shown promising antitumor effects, but its immune response rate remains unsatisfactory. In recent years, chemotherapy has been proven to have synergistic effects with ICB therapy because some chemotherapeutic agents can enhance the immunogenicity of tumor cells by inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD). However, it cannot be ignored that chemotherapy often shows limited therapeutic efficacy due to high cytotoxicity, drug resistance, and some other side effects. Herein, we report a strategy to improve cancer immunotherapy by utilizing red blood cell-based vaccines (RBC-vaccines) where chemotherapy-induced tumor antigens (cAgs) are anchored onto red blood cells (RBCs) via the EDC/NHS-mediated amine coupling reaction. In this work, RBC-vaccines administered subcutaneously are primarily devoured by dendritic cells (DCs) and significantly improve the efficacy of αPD-1 (anti-programmed cell death 1) treatment by increasing the infiltration of intratumoral CD8+ and CD4+ T cells and elevating the intratumoral ratio of CD8+ T cells to regulatory T cells in the CT-26 colon cancer model. Finally, based on the rejection of tumor rechallenge in cured mice, the combination therapy of RBC-vaccines and αPD-1 can induce the expansion of memory T cells and thereby establish a long-term antitumor immune response. Taken together, the proposed RBC-vaccines have great potential to improve chemoimmunotherapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint blockade therapy, has made great contributions to the treatment of some advanced cancers. Unfortunately, the great majority of patients with cancer do not benefit from immunotherapy. To enhance the response rate of immunotherapy, we developed red blood cell-based vaccines (RBC-vaccines) against cancers where antigens were harvested from chemotherapy-treated cancer cells and then attached to erythrocytes via covalent surface modification. Such RBC-vaccines could provide a wide variety of tumor antigens and damage-associated molecular patterns without the use of any extra ingredients to trigger a stronger antitumor immune response. More importantly, the combination of RBC-vaccines with PD-1 blockade could significantly improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy and induce durable antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanhong Su
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yuhao Hao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wen Pan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaopeng Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Jianping Weng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanzeng Min
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; CAS Key Lab of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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14
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Dongye Z, Li J, Wu Y. Toll-like receptor 9 agonists and combination therapies: strategies to modulate the tumour immune microenvironment for systemic anti-tumour immunity. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:1584-1594. [PMID: 35902641 PMCID: PMC9333350 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01876-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, tremendous progress has taken place in tumour immunotherapy, relying on the fast development of combination therapy strategies that target multiple immunosuppressive signaling pathways in the immune system of cancer patients to achieve a high response rate in clinical practice. Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonists have been extensively investigated as therapeutics in monotherapy or combination therapies for the treatment of cancer, infectious diseases and allergies. TLR9 agonists monotherapy shows limited efficacy in cancer patients; whereas, in combination with other therapies including antigen vaccines, radiotherapies, chemotherapies and immunotherapies exhibit great potential. Synthetic unmethylated CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN), a commonly used agonist for TLR9, stimulate various antigen-presenting cells in the tumour microenvironment, which can initiate innate and adaptive immune responses. Novel combination therapy approaches, which co-deliver immunostimulatory CpG-ODN with other therapeutics, have been tested in animal models and early human clinical trials to induce anti-tumour immune responses. In this review, we describe the basic understanding of TLR9 signaling pathway; the delivery methods in most studies; discuss the key challenges of each of the above mentioned TLR9 agonist-based combination immunotherapies and provide an overview of the ongoing clinical trial results from CpG-ODN based combination therapies in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangchi Dongye
- grid.410645.20000 0001 0455 0905Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, Shandong PR China ,grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Li
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yuzhang Wu
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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15
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Ravi R, Zeyaullah M, Ghosh S, Khan Warsi M, Baweja R, AlShahrani AM, Mishra A, Ahmad R. Use of gold nanoparticle-silibinin conjugates: A novel approach against lung cancer cells. Front Chem 2022; 10:1018759. [PMID: 36311430 PMCID: PMC9606463 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1018759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer presents one of the most challenging carcinomas with meager 5-year survival rates (less than 20%), high metastasis and high recurrence due to chemo- and radio- resistance. An alternative or complementation to existing prognosis modalities is the use of phytochemicals such as silibinin, which targets essential cytokines, angiogenic factors and transcription factors for a profound anti-tumor effect. However, the problems of low solubility in an aqueous physiological environment, poor penetration, high metabolism and rapid systemic clearance limit the therapeutic use of silibinin. Conjugation of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) with silibinin may overcome the above challenges along with distinct advantages of biocompatibility, optical properties for monitoring and causation of cytotoxicity in cancer cells. The current study thus aims to develop silibinin conjugated gold nanoparticles (Sb-GNPs) with pH responsive release in the cancer microenvironment, optimizing several parameters for its higher activity and further evaluate the nanoplatform for their efficacy in inducing cell death in vitro against A549 lung cancer cells. GNPs was synthesized using trisodium citrate dihydrate as the reducing agent and further used for the conjugation of silibinin. The synthesized GNPs were found to be monodispersed and spherical in shape. The silibinin was successfully conjugated with gold nanoparticles and long-term stability of GNPs and Sb-GNPs nanoconjugates in suspension phase was confirmed by FTIR and DLS. Anticancer properties of Sb-GNPs were confirmed by different assay using MTT, Trypan blue dye exclusion assay and cell cycle analysis assay. After conjugation of silibinin with GNPs, the efficacy of silibinin increased 4-5 times in killing the cancer cells. This is the first report on using silibinin gold nanoconjugate system for lung cancer therapy with promising future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangnath Ravi
- Department of Chemistry, Shivaji College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Md. Zeyaullah
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University (KKU), Khamis Mushayt Campus, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shubhrima Ghosh
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mohiuddin Khan Warsi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Renu Baweja
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Abdullah M. AlShahrani
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University (KKU), Khamis Mushayt Campus, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abhijeet Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Razi Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
- Quality and Research Department, Anantaa GSK Innovations Pvt Ltd., DLF Industrial Area, Faridabad, India
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16
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Dezfouli EA, Kiaie SH, Danafar H, Nomani A, Sadeghizadeh M. BTN-PEG-PCL nanoparticles for targeted delivery of curcumin: In vitro and in Ovo assessment. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Premnath A, Benny S, Presanna AT, Mangalathillam S. The Promising Role of Natural Exosomal Nanoparticles in Cancer Chemoimmunotherapy. Curr Drug Metab 2022; 23:723-734. [PMID: 35761492 DOI: 10.2174/1389200223666220627103213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Exosomal nanoparticles are cell-derived nano-sized vesicles in the size range of 30-150nm formed by the inward infolding of the cell membrane. They are encased in a lipid bilayer membrane and contain various proteins and nucleic acids according to the characteristics of their parent cell. They are involved in intercellular communication. Their specific structural and inherent properties are helpful in therapeutics and as biomarkers in diagnostics. Since they are biomimetic, these small-sized nanoparticles pose many advantages if used as a drug carrier vehicle. In cancer, the exosomal nanoparticles have both stimulatory and inhibitory activity towards immune responses; hence, they are used in immunotherapy. They can also carry chemotherapeutic agents to the target site minimizing their targetability concerns. Chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) is a synergistic approach in which chemotherapy and immunotherapy are utilized to benefit each other. Exosomal nanoparticles (NPs) are essential in delivering CIT agents into tumor tissues. Most advanced studies in CIT take place in the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway, where the STING activation supported by chemotherapy-induced an increase in immune surveillance through the help of exosomal NPs. Dendritic cell(DC) derived exosomes, as well as Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), are abundantly used in immunotherapy, and hence their support can be used in chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) for multifaceted benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Premnath
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Sonu Benny
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Aneesh Thankappan Presanna
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Sabitha Mangalathillam
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
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Tiburcius S, Krishnan K, Jose L, Patel V, Ghosh A, Sathish CI, Weidenhofer J, Yang JH, Verrills NM, Karakoti A, Vinu A. Egg-yolk core-shell mesoporous silica nanoparticles for high doxorubicin loading and delivery to prostate cancer cells. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:6830-6845. [PMID: 35441642 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00783e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous silica-based nanoparticles (MSNs) have gained rapid interest as a drug delivery system (DDS) and demonstrated their versatility in delivering drugs for the treatment of various cancers. However, the drug loading efficiency of MSNs is low and is usually improved by improving textural properties through complicated synthesis methods or by post synthesis modification of the surface that can result in the loss of surface area and modify its drug release properties. In this study, we report a direct single-step synthesis of MSNs with a unique egg-yolk core-shell morphology, large pore volume and a hydrophilic surface, decorated with nitrogen rich surface functionalities for increasing its drug loading capacity. This combination of excellent textural properties and surface functionalisation was achieved by a simple soft templating method using dual surfactants and the silica sources assisted by employing either triethylamine (TEA) or triethanolamine (TEO) as the hydrolysis agent. The morphology and well-ordered mesoporous structure can simply be tuned by changing the pH of the synthesis medium that affects the self-assembly mechanism of the micelles. HRTEM image of samples clearly revealed an egg-yolk core-shell morphology with a thin mesoporous silica shell. The optimised MSN samples synthesized at a pH of 11 using either TEA or TEO depicted a higher doxorubicin (Dox) loading capacity of 425 μg mg-1 and 481 μg mg-1 respectively, as compared to only 347 μg mg-1 for MSN samples due to the uniform distribution of nitrogen functionalities. The anticancer activity of Dox loaded MSNs evaluated in two different prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3 and LNCaP) showed a higher cytotoxicity of the drug loaded on optimised MSN samples as compared to pristine MSNs without affecting the cellular uptake of the particles. These results suggest that the unique single-step synthesis and functionalisation method resulted in successfully achieving higher drug loading in egg-yolk core-shell nitrogen functionalised MSNs and could be implemented as an effective carrier of chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffi Tiburcius
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Kannan Krishnan
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Linta Jose
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Vaishwik Patel
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia
| | - C I Sathish
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Judith Weidenhofer
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), New Lambton Heights, 2305, NSW, Australia
| | - Jae-Hun Yang
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Nicole M Verrills
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia
| | - Ajay Karakoti
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
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19
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Jung J, Lim SY, Kim D, Lyu S, Whang O, Park C, Kim BD, Lee MS, Jeong JH. Microneedle‐Directed Drug Delivery to Tumor‐Draining Lymph Node for Synergistic Combination Chemoimmunotherapy for Metastatic Cancer. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaeback Jung
- School of Pharmacy Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeon Lim
- School of Pharmacy Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Dahwun Kim
- School of Pharmacy Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Siyan Lyu
- School of Pharmacy Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Ouibo Whang
- School of Pharmacy Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Chaeeun Park
- School of Pharmacy Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Deok Kim
- School of Pharmacy Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sang Lee
- School of Pharmacy Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- School of Pharmacy Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
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20
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Wang S, Zhou X, Zeng Z, Sui M, Chen L, Feng C, Huang C, Yang Q, Ji M, Hou P. Atovaquone-HSA nano-drugs enhance the efficacy of PD-1 blockade immunotherapy by alleviating hypoxic tumor microenvironment. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:302. [PMID: 34600560 PMCID: PMC8487475 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01034-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia is inherent character of most solid malignancies, leading to the failure of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Atovaquone, an anti-malaria drug, can alleviate tumor hypoxia by inhibiting mitochondrial complex III activity. The present study exploits atovaquone/albumin nanoparticles to improve bioavailability and tumor targeting of atovaquone, enhancing the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy by normalizing tumor hypoxia. Methods We prepared atovaquone-loaded human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles stabilized by intramolecular disulfide bonds, termed HSA-ATO NPs. The average size and zeta potential of HSA-ATO NPs were measured by particle size analyzer. The morphology of HSA-ATO NPs was characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The bioavailability and safety of HSA-ATO NPs were assessed by animal experiments. Flow cytometry and ELISA assays were used to evaluate tumor immune microenvironment. Results Our data first verified that atovaquone effectively alleviated tumor hypoxia by inhibiting mitochondrial activity both in vitro and in vivo, and successfully encapsulated atovaquone in vesicle with albumin, forming HSA-ATO NPs of approximately 164 nm in diameter. We then demonstrated that the HSA-ATO NPs possessed excellent bioavailability, tumor targeting and a highly favorable biosafety profile. When combined with anti-PD-1 antibody, we observed that HSA-ATO NPs strongly enhanced the response of mice bearing tumor xenografts to immunotherapy. Mechanistically, HSA-ATO NPs promoted intratumoral CD8+ T cell recruitment by alleviating tumor hypoxia microenvironment, thereby enhancing the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Conclusions Our data provide strong evidences showing that HSA-ATO NPs can serve as safe and effective nano-drugs to enhance cancer immunotherapy by alleviating hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Graphic abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-01034-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China.,Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinrui Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China.,Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Zekun Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China.,Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjun Sui
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Chen
- International Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Feng
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China.,Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Huang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Yang
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China.,Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiju Ji
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peng Hou
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Li G, Zhong X, Wang X, Gong F, Lei H, Zhou Y, Li C, Xiao Z, Ren G, Zhang L, Dong Z, Liu Z, Cheng L. Titanium carbide nanosheets with defect structure for photothermal-enhanced sonodynamic therapy. Bioact Mater 2021; 8:409-419. [PMID: 34541410 PMCID: PMC8429621 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has attracted widespread interest in biomedicine, owing to its novel and noninvasive therapeutic method triggered by ultrasound (US). Herein, the Ti3C2 MXene nanosheets (Ti3C2 NSs) are developed as good sonosensitizers via a two-step method of chemical exfoliation and high-temperature treatment. With the high-temperature treatment, the oxygen defect of Ti3C2 MXene nanosheets (H-Ti3C2 NSs) is greatly increased. Therefore, the electron (e-) and hole (h+) generated by US can be separated faster due to the improved degree of oxidation, and then the recombination of e--h+ can be prevented with the abundant oxygen defect under US irradiation, which induced the sonodynamic efficiency greatly to improve around 3.7-fold compared with Ti3C2 NSs without high-temperature treatment. After PEGylation, the H-Ti3C2-PEG NSs show good stability and biocompatibility. In vitro studies exhibit that the inherent property of mild photothermal effect can promote the endocytosis of H-Ti3C2-PEG NSs, which can improve the SDT efficacy. In vivo studies further display that the increased blood supply by the mild photothermal effect can significantly relieve hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment, showing photothermal therapy (PTT) enhanced SDT. Most importantly, the H-Ti3C2-PEG NSs can be biodegraded and excreted out of the body, showing no significant long-term toxicity. Our work develops the defective H-Ti3C2 NSs as high-efficiency and safe sonosensitizers for photothermal-enhanced SDT of cancer, extending the biomedical application of MXene-based nanoplatforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqiang Li
- College of Science, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhong
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xianwen Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Fei Gong
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Huali Lei
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yangkai Zhou
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chengfei Li
- College of Science, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhidong Xiao
- College of Science, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guoxi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhiqiang Dong
- College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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