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Benvegnù G, Semenzato M, Urbani A, Zanlorenzi I, Cibin M, Chiamulera C. Nature-based experience in Venetian lagoon: Effects on craving and wellbeing in addict residential inpatients. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1356446. [PMID: 38933590 PMCID: PMC11202661 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1356446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction It is known that exposure to the natural environment may positively modulate mental processes and behaviors; in particular, it can reduce stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. This suggests a potential integration of "nature experience" into the treatment for substance use disorder (SUD) since various types of addiction are associated with anxiety and depression. Considering that only one study has been reported to date in patients with alcohol use disorder, the effect of nature experience in SUD patients' needs to be further investigated. This study aimed to test the effects of exposure to a natural lagoon environment on craving and measures of wellbeing in SUD patients in comparison to exposure to an urban environment. Methods Twenty-four SUD patients were divided into three groups of eight participants and exposed to two walking sessions (interspersed with a 1-week wash-out period) in a natural environment typical of the Venetian lagoon, an Urban walk, or staying at the residential center based on a Latin-square design. Before and after each session, drug craving, mood, wellbeing, agency, openness to the future, and restorativeness were assessed. Results The Nature walk significantly decreased craving in participants compared to their pre-walk values, and compared to craving after the Urban walk, with the latter significantly increased vs. pre-walk values. The Nature walk significantly decreased negative mood and increased wellbeing and agency. Openness to the future and restorativeness measures showed significant improvement after the Nature walk compared to the Urban walk. On the other hand, craving scores after the Urban Walk positively correlated with negative mood and a Sense of Negative Agency values and negatively correlated with wellbeing scores. Discussion Our results confirm that "nature experience" may improve mood, wellbeing, attention, stress relief, openness, and sense of being active in SUD patients. Moreover, we also showed a specific effect on drug craving-a key symptom of SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Benvegnù
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Cristiano Chiamulera
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Xiao L, Yao M, Liu H. Perceived Social Mobility and Smartphone Dependence in University Students: The Roles of Hope and Family Socioeconomic Status. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:1805-1817. [PMID: 38707964 PMCID: PMC11070161 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s455939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Drawing upon the cognitive-behavioral model of pathological Internet use (PIU) and tunnel effect, this study aimed to construct a moderated mediation model from the perspective of social ecology. Specifically, the model investigated the relationship between perceived social mobility and smartphone dependence, with a focus on the mediating role of hope and the moderating effect of family socioeconomic status (SES) underlying this relationship. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 718 Chinese university students (Mage = 19.19, 70.2% female) from Beijing, Henan, and Tianjin, who anonymously filled out the Perceptions of Socioeconomic Mobility Scale, Mobile Phone Addiction Index Scale, Openness to the Future Scale, and family socioeconomic status questionnaire. Preliminary data analysis was executed using SPSS 22.0, and the moderated mediation effect was tested using the latent moderated structural equations approach in Mplus 8.3. Results The results showed that (a) less perceived social mobility was linked with greater smartphone dependence; (b) hope mediated the aforementioned relationship; and (c) family SES moderated the first-stage path of the indirect effect through hope. For university students with low (rather than high) family SES, their level of hope increased with the improvement of perceived social mobility, and in turn, that of smartphone dependence decreased. Conclusion These findings suggest that positive perceptions of upward social class mobility and hopeful attitudes toward future opportunities and personal development among disadvantaged university students may alleviate their reliance on smartphones. Researchers and policymakers should pay attention to the role of individuals' perceptions of the macro environment in motivating specific risky behaviors among university students. Future interventions are essential to mitigate pessimistic environmental perceptions and foster a sense of hope among university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxia Xiao
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meilin Yao
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongrui Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Pan W, Zhou W, Wu J, Huang Z, Ding L, Guo L, Hang B, Li X. The effect of exposure to COVID-19 on life satisfaction: The mediating role of hyperarousal and moderating/mediating role of affective forecasting. J Affect Disord 2023; 337:1-10. [PMID: 37230267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a global trauma event, the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) hugely impacts people's mental health and well-being. The purpose of our study is threefold: first, investigate the relationship between exposure to COVID-19 and life satisfaction among a large sample in China. Second, test the mediating role of hyperarousal in the association between exposure to COVID-19 and life satisfaction. Third, explore the moderating/mediating role of affective forecasting in the association between hyperarousal and life satisfaction. METHOD The current study recruited 5546 participants to complete a set of self-report questionnaires online from April 22, 2020 to April 24, 2020. The moderated mediation and chain mediation model analyses were conducted using the SPSS software and PROCESS macro program. RESULTS Exposure to COVID-19 negatively predicted life satisfaction (Effect = -0.058, p < 0.001). This relationship was partially mediated by the hyperarousal level (Effect = -0.018, CI = [-0.024, -0.013]). The moderating role of forecasted positive affect (PA)/forecasted negative affect (NA) between hyperarousal and life satisfaction was significant (β = 0.058, CI = [0.035, 0.081]; β = 0.037, CI = [0.014, 0.06]). The chain mediating effect of hyperarousal and forecasted PA/forecasted NA on the relationship between exposure to COVID-19 and life satisfaction was also significant (Effect = -0.003, CI = [-0.004, -0.002]; Effect = -0.006, CI = [-0.008, -0.004]). LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design precludes causal inference. CONCLUSION Greater exposure to COVID-19 was associated with more severe hyperarousal symptoms, decreased life satisfaction. Forecasted PA and forecasted NA could moderate and mediate the negative impact of hyperarousal on life satisfaction. The moderating/mediating role of forecasted PA/NA implied that future interventions targeting at improving affective forecasting and reducing hyperarousal might be helpful to improve life satisfaction during the post-COVID-19 era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China; School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Wenwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China; School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Junjie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China; School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zhijing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China; School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Linjie Ding
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China; School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Liwen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China; School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Bowen Hang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China; School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xu Li
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China; School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430079, China.
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Miragall M, Escrivá-Martínez T, Wrzesien M, Vara MD, Herrero R, Desdentado L, Baños RM. Too many lemons to make lemonade? Disentangling mental health during the third wave of COVID-19 infections in Spain. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022:1-13. [PMID: 36213570 PMCID: PMC9533265 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03638-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to analyze the longitudinal change in mental health during the third wave of COVID-19 infections in Spain. Negative (e.g., emotional distress) and positive (e.g., positive functioning variables) outcomes were analyzed. Protective factors (e.g., resilience) as predictors of psychological adjustment (i.e., positive mental health, openness to the future, and low burden due to COVID-19) after ten months of the pandemic were also examined. The sample consisted of 164 participants, and self-reported questionnaires were administered at the beginning of the lockdown (March 2020), at the end of the lockdown (June 2020), and during the third wave (January 2021). Linear mixed models showed that individuals' emotional distress increased, and positive functioning variables (i.e., meaning in life, gratitude, resilience, and life satisfaction) decreased over time, but an increase was observed in some dimensions of posttraumatic growth. Regression analyses showed that resilience scores at all three data collection time points were significant predictors of positive mental health, openness to the future, and burden during the third wave. Mediation analyses showed that positive mental health and openness to the future were mediators of the effect of resilience on burden. The prolonged situation of the COVID-19 crisis had an important impact on positive and negative mental health. However, resilience may help to build up resources that can act as a buffer against adverse psychological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Miragall
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Avenida Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tamara Escrivá-Martínez
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Avenida Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Polibienestar, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 21, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maja Wrzesien
- Instituto Polibienestar, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 21, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mª Dolores Vara
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Polibienestar, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 21, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rocío Herrero
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, Universidad de Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
| | - Lorena Desdentado
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Avenida Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Polibienestar, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 21, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Mª Baños
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Avenida Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Polibienestar, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 21, Valencia, Spain
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Caballero R, Valiente C, Espinosa R. Predictors of subjective well-being among individuals with severe psychiatric conditions. Compr Psychiatry 2021; 110:152266. [PMID: 34333165 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2021.152266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Caballero
- Department of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Somosaguas Campus, 28223 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmen Valiente
- Department of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Somosaguas Campus, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Regina Espinosa
- Department of Psychology, Camilo José Cela University of Madrid, Villafranca del Castilla, 28692 Madrid, Spain
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Caballero R, Chaves C, Valiente C. Life satisfaction in people affected by a severe psychiatric condition: a comprehensive model. PSYCHOSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/17522439.2021.1961011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Caballero
- Department of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Covadonga Chaves
- Department of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Valiente
- Department of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Díaz-García A, Franke M, Herrero R, Ebert DD, Botella C. Theoretical adequacy, methodological quality and efficacy of online interventions targeting resilience: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Public Health 2021; 31:i11-i18. [PMID: 34240159 PMCID: PMC8266533 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing interest in the promotion of mental health, and concepts as resilience are re-emerging and taking relevance. In addition, Information and Communication Technologies can provide potential benefits in the field of mental health, and the treatment of mental disorders in particular. This study aims to synthesize the evidence of internet-based resilience interventions, analyzing the theoretical adequacy, methodological quality and efficacy. METHODS A systematic search was performed. The eligibility criteria stated for this article were: randomized controlled trials targeted at adults or adolescents and including any psychological intervention focussing on resilience in its rationale or design. Studies with direct (e.g. resilience scales) and proximal resilience measures (e.g. scales on well-being) were included. Risk of bias was assessed for each trial using Cochrane's Collaboration Tool. Two reviewers worked independently in order to identify potential articles. A total of 11 articles were selected. A random-effects pooling model using the Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman method based on direct and proximal resilience measures at post-test was used. RESULTS The overall effects of online resilience training compared to control groups at post-test were not significant; the effect size concerning the improvement of resilience was g=0.12 (95% CI: -0.14 to 0.38). In addition, a potential association between the type of outcome and the effect size could be revealed. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present meta-analysis showed that the overall effect of online resilience trainings was not significant. Nonetheless, a tendency for a higher benefit for resilience was found in the studies with a clear assessment theory, indicating some promising effects. REGISTRATION NUMBER PROSPERO CRD42018083339.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Díaz-García
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, Universidad de Zaragoza (Campus de Teruel), Teruel
| | - Marvin Franke
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rocio Herrero
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CB06/03), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - David Daniel Ebert
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cristina Botella
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CB06/03), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
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Fernandez-Alvarez J, Colombo D, Suso-Ribera C, Chirico A, Serino S, Di Lernia D, Palacios AG, Riva G, Botella C. Using virtual reality to target positive autobiographical memory in individuals with moderate-to-moderately severe depressive symptoms: A single case experimental design. Internet Interv 2021; 25:100407. [PMID: 34401366 PMCID: PMC8350590 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2021.100407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
So far, several aspects of autobiographical memory (AM) have been found to be impaired in depression. Among others, depressed patients show the tendency to recall more negative than positive events (i.e., negative bias) and usually retrieve memories that lack of specificity and details (i.e., overgeneral memories). Based on this, we designed an AM task enhanced by the use of virtual reality (VR) to specifically train the recall of positive memories. Using a single-case, multiple baseline experimental design, we explored the effects of a brief intervention consisting of two sessions of this training in a sample of 18 individuals with moderate-to-moderately severe depressive symptoms. According to the results, changes occurred at the short term only. In particular, almost all participants reported a significant improvement in at least one outcome measure 0-3 days after the intervention. However, these clinical gains were not maintained in the mid-term (from day 4 to 10). The present findings do not support the efficacy of our VR-based AM recall treatment as a standalone intervention. Nevertheless, it might represent a suitable procedure to obtain immediate and/or short-term improvements. It might also serve as a valid component to be integrated in broader protocols for patients with moderate-to-moderately severe depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Desirée Colombo
- Department of Basic Psychology, Clinic and Psychobiology, Universidad Jaume I, Castellon, Spain,Corresponding author at: Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071, Castellón, Spain.
| | - Carlos Suso-Ribera
- Department of Basic Psychology, Clinic and Psychobiology, Universidad Jaume I, Castellon, Spain
| | | | - Silvia Serino
- Humane Technology Lab., Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Di Lernia
- Humane Technology Lab., Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Azucena García Palacios
- Department of Basic Psychology, Clinic and Psychobiology, Universidad Jaume I, Castellon, Spain,CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Riva
- Humane Technology Lab., Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy,Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Botella
- Department of Basic Psychology, Clinic and Psychobiology, Universidad Jaume I, Castellon, Spain,CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Valiente C, Vázquez C, Contreras A, Peinado V, Trucharte A. A symptom-based definition of resilience in times of pandemics: patterns of psychological responses over time and their predictors. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2021; 12:1871555. [PMID: 34992748 PMCID: PMC8725762 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1871555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It has been suggested that resilience is best conceptualized as healthy and stable functioning in the face of a potentially traumatic event. However, most research on this field has focused on self-reported resilience, and other patterns of response when facing adversity, in cross-sectional designs. Objective: Alternatively, we aimed to study changing patterns of psychological responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in the general population, based on patterns of symptoms, and factors contributing to those patterns. Method: A national representative sample of Spain (N = 1,628) responded to an internet-based survey at two assessment points, separated by 1 month (April and May 2020), during the official national confinement stage. Based upon whether participants exhibited absence/presence of distress (i.e., significant trauma-related, depression, or anxiety symptoms) at one or two of the assessment times, patterns of psychological responses were defined by categorizing individuals into one of the four categories: Resilience, Delayed distress, Recovered, and Sustained distress. Results: Analyses of the levels of disturbance associated with the symptoms provided support to that four-fold distinction of patterns of responses. Furthermore, resilience responses were the most common psychological response to the pandemic. Multinomial regression analyses revealed that the main variables increasing the probability of resilience to COVID-19 were being male, older, having no history of mental health difficulties, higher levels of psychological well-being and high identification with all humanity. Also, having low scores in several variables (i.e., anxiety and economic threat due to COVID-19, substance use during the confinement, intolerance to uncertainty, death anxiety, loneliness, and suspiciousness) was a significant predictor of a resilient response to COVID-19. Conclusion: Our findings are consistent with previous literature that conceptualizes resilience as a dynamic process. The clinical implications of significant predictors of the resilience and the rest of psychological patterns of response are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Valiente
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmelo Vázquez
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Contreras
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanesa Peinado
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Trucharte
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, Baños RM, Quero S, Botella C. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e21335. [PMID: 33522977 PMCID: PMC7884218 DOI: 10.2196/21335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional disorders (EDs) are among the most prevalent mental disorders. Existing evidence-based psychological treatments are not sufficient to reduce the disease burden of mental disorders. It is therefore essential to implement innovative solutions to achieve a successful dissemination of psychological treatment protocols, and in this regard, the use of information and communication technologies such as the internet can be very useful. Furthermore, the literature suggests that not everyone with an ED receives the appropriate treatment. This situation has led to the development of new intervention proposals based on the transdiagnostic perspective, which attempts to address the underlying processes common to EDs. Most of these transdiagnostic interventions focus primarily on downregulating negative affectivity (NA), and less attention has been paid to strengths and the upregulation of positive affectivity, despite its importance for well-being and mental health. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a transdiagnostic internet-based treatment for EDs in a community sample. METHODS A 3-armed randomized controlled trial was conducted. A total of 216 participants were randomly assigned to a transdiagnostic internet-based protocol (TIBP), a TIBP+ positive affect (PA) component, or a waiting list (WL) control group. The treatment protocol contained core components mainly addressed to downregulate NA (ie, present-focused emotional awareness and acceptance, cognitive flexibility, behavioral and emotional avoidance patterns, and interoceptive and situational exposure) as well as a PA regulation component to promote psychological strengths and enhance well-being. Data on depression, anxiety, quality of life, neuroticism and extraversion, and PA/NA before and after treatment were analyzed. Expectations and opinions of treatment were also analyzed. RESULTS Within-group comparisons indicated significant pre-post reductions in the two experimental conditions. In the TIBP+PA condition, the effect sizes were large for all primary outcomes (d=1.42, Beck Depression Inventory [BDI-II]; d=0.91, Beck Anxiety Inventory [BAI]; d=1.27, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule-Positive [PANAS-P]; d=1.26, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule-Negative [PANAS-N]), whereas the TIBP condition yielded large effect sizes for BDI-II (d=1.19) and PANAS-N (d=1.28) and medium effect sizes for BAI (d=0.63) and PANAS-P (d=0.69). Between-group comparisons revealed that participants who received one of the two active treatments scored better at posttreatment than WL participants. Although there were no statistically significant differences between the two intervention groups on the PA measure, effect sizes were consistently larger in the TIBP+PA condition than in the standard transdiagnostic protocol. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the findings indicate that EDs can be effectively treated with a transdiagnostic intervention via the internet, as significant improvements in depression, anxiety, and quality of life measures were observed. Regarding PA measures, promising effects were found, but more research is needed to study the role of PA as a therapeutic component. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02578758; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02578758. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-10.1186/s12888-017-1297-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Díaz-García
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, Universidad de Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
| | | | - Azucena García-Palacios
- Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Diana Castilla
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Rosa María Baños
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Botella
- Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Vazquez C, Valiente C, García FE, Contreras A, Peinado V, Trucharte A, Bentall RP. Post-Traumatic Growth and Stress-Related Responses During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a National Representative Sample: The Role of Positive Core Beliefs About the World and Others. JOURNAL OF HAPPINESS STUDIES 2021; 22:2915-2935. [PMID: 33456320 PMCID: PMC7798377 DOI: 10.1007/s10902-020-00352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Given the need to understand both the negative and positive psychological consequences of the current global COVID-19 pandemic (Brewin et al. in Perspectives in Public Health 10.1177/1757913920957365 2020), the aim of this study was to test a cognitive model of post-traumatic symptoms (PTS) and post-traumatic growth (PTG) during confinement caused by the SARS-COV-2 epidemic. In line with cognitive models of trauma elaboration (Park in Psychological Bulletin 10.1037/a0018301), we included in our model some beliefs associated to the world (e.g., primal beliefs about a good world), to the self (e.g., death anxiety or orientation toward the future) and to others (e.g., suspiciousness or identification with humanity). To evaluate the explanatory model, a national representative sample of adults between the ages of 18 and 75 (N = 1951) was surveyed between 7th and 13th April, 2020, in the middle of a strict 7-week national confinement. Structural equation modelling yielded a very similar model to the one initially specified. The results highlight the role of both negative and positive core beliefs, which are pertinent to the current pandemic threat, in the appearance of PTS and PTG, respectively. In short, primal beliefs about a good world, openness to the future and identification with humanity were associated with PTG; while suspiciousness, intolerance of uncertainty, anxiety about death and also identification with humanity were associated with PTS and consequent impairment. This is an innovative study of different pathways to traumatic responses and growth during a pandemic. Future research is needed to replicate its findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Vazquez
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Valiente
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe E. García
- Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Comunicaciones, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile
- Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alba Contreras
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanesa Peinado
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Trucharte
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Colombo D, Fernández-Álvarez J, Suso-Ribera C, Cipresso P, García-Palacios A, Riva G, Botella C. Biased Affective Forecasting: A Potential Mechanism That Enhances Resilience and Well-Being. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1333. [PMID: 32595578 PMCID: PMC7304283 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
According to a growing body of studies, people's ability to forecast future emotional experiences is generally biased. Nonetheless, the existing literature has mainly explored affective forecasting in relation to specific events, whereas little is still known about the ability to make general estimations of future emotional states. Based on existing evidence suggesting future-oriented disposition as a key factor for mental health, the aims of the current study were (1) to investigate the relationship between negative (NA) and positive (PA) affective forecasting biases and perceived psychological well-being, and (2) to explore whether positively biased predictions are associated with resilience and foster one's skills to cope with stressful events. To do so, we asked 85 undergraduate students to forecast PA and NA over 2 weeks, as well as to report their daily affect through a web-based Ecological Momentary Assessment. According to the results, positively biased PA forecasting (i.e., overestimating positive emotional states) was associated with greater perceived psychological well-being and higher resilience. When high levels of stress were experienced, participants holding an optimistic, yet biased, estimation of future PA were more likely to successfully manage stressors, thus maintaining lower levels of NA and higher levels of positive emotions. We suggest that positively biased PA forecasting is an adaptive cognitive distortion that boosts people's resilience and mental health, thus opening new avenues for the promotion of psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desirée Colombo
- Department of Basic Psychology, Clinic and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Suso-Ribera
- Department of Basic Psychology, Clinic and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Pietro Cipresso
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Azucena García-Palacios
- Department of Basic Psychology, Clinic and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Riva
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Botella
- Department of Basic Psychology, Clinic and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Abstract
Background
According to a growing body of literature, people are quite inaccurate in recalling past affective experiences. Nevertheless, the mechanism underlying this recall bias (i.e., the tendency to overestimate and/or underestimate positive or negative past emotional experiences) remains unclear, and its association with mental health has not been studied yet.
Methods
We adopted a smartphone-based Ecological Momentary Assessment to monitor daily affect (n = 92) and investigate the association between affect recall bias, mental health and resilience.
Results
While the tendency to overestimate negative affective experiences was observed in participants reporting mild depressive symptoms, positive affect (PA) overestimation as compared to PA underestimation was associated with better mental health (i.e. higher psychological well-being and lower depressive and anxiety symptoms) through the enhancement of resilience. Furthermore, positively biased participants (i.e. PA over estimators) benefited from greater well-being, even when compared to accurate individuals.
Conclusions
While people appear to use retrospective PA overestimation as a strategy to enhance well-being and resilience, they are not likely to underestimate past negative experiences to feel better. Accordingly, owning an optimistic vision of the past may represent an adaptive “distortion” of reality that fosters people’s mental health. The clinical implications of cultivating PA and learning strategies to regulate both negative and positive emotions are discussed.
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Palma-Gómez A, Herrero R, Baños R, García-Palacios A, Castañeiras C, Fernandez GL, Llull DM, Torres LC, Barranco LA, Cárdenas-Gómez L, Botella C. Efficacy of a self-applied online program to promote resilience and coping skills in university students in four Spanish-speaking countries: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:148. [PMID: 32248795 PMCID: PMC7133009 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02536-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence of a high prevalence of depression and anxiety in university students. Therefore, college time is a key period where prevention of mental disorders through interventions that promote resilience and mental health can be relevant. Currently, there are interventions available, but these are insufficient for those who need them. Online interventions are tools that can facilitate global accessibility and are easy for young people to use. CORE (Cultivating Our Resilience) is a self-administered online program, based on Ryff's psychological well-being model, to promote resilience and coping skills in university students at risk of developing symptoms of depression or anxiety. The objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of this intervention protocol in comparison with an active control condition targeting healthy lifestyle, and a waiting list control condition. The study will be conducted in four populations of Spanish-speaking university students (Spain, Argentina, Colombia, and Mexico). METHODS The study design is a randomized controlled trial (RCT). At least 324 university students will be randomly assigned to three conditions: 1) CORE, a 6-week training program to improve resilience; 2) HLP, a 6-week training to promote a healthy lifestyle; and 3) WL, waiting list control condition. The primary outcome measure will be the Connor-Davidson resilience scale. Additionally, measures of anxiety, depression, quality of life and socio-demographic variables (age, sex, incomes, marital status, among others) will be collected. Participants will be evaluated at pre-treatment, after each module, 6 weeks after allocation, and at 3-month follow-up. Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses will be performed. DISCUSSION The results of this study will contribute to research on Internet-administered interventions and the implementation of a protocol that includes a series of components designed to improve resilience and coping skills, increase psychological well-being, and prevent depression and anxiety disorders in Spanish-speaking university students. In addition, avenues will be opened up for new research on the effectiveness of these interventions focused on the prevention and promotion of mental health in Spanish-speaking countries. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03903978 on April 2, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rocío Herrero
- CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CB06/03) Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad de Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibañez, 21, 46021 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Baños
- CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CB06/03) Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad de Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibañez, 21, 46021 Valencia, Spain
| | - Azucena García-Palacios
- Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
- CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CB06/03) Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cristina Botella
- Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
- CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CB06/03) Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Monreal-Bartolomé A, Barceló-Soler A, Castro A, Pérez-Ara MÁ, Gili M, Mayoral F, Hurtado MM, Moreno EV, Botella C, García-Palacios A, Baños RM, López-Del-Hoyo Y, García-Campayo J. Efficacy of a blended low-intensity internet-delivered psychological programme in patients with multimorbidity in primary care: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:66. [PMID: 30744610 PMCID: PMC6371446 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2037-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) has included comorbidity between depression and a chronic disease among the 10 leading global health priorities. Although there is a high prevalence of multimorbidity, health care systems are mainly designed for the management of individual diseases. Given the difficulty in delivering face-to-face psychological treatments, alternative models of treatment delivery have been proposed, emphasizing the role of technologies such as the Internet. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy in Primary Care (PC) of a blended low-intensity psychological intervention applied using information and communication technologies (ICTs) for the treatment of multimorbidity in PC (depression and type 2 diabetes/low back pain) by means of a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Our main hypothesis is that improved usual care combined with psychological therapy applied using ICTs will be more efficacious for improvement in the symptomatology of multimorbidity, compared to a group with only improved treatment as usual six months after the end of treatment. METHODS A protocol has been designed combining a face-to-face intervention with a supporting online programme that will be tested by an RCT conducted in three different regions (Andalusia, Aragon and the Balearic Islands). The RCT will evaluate three hundred participants diagnosed with depression and type 2 diabetes/low back pain. Four highly experienced research groups specializing in clinical psychology are involved in this trial, and there will be ample possibilities for translation and transfer to usual clinical practice. DISCUSSION This clinical trial will lead to improvement in financial sustainability, maximizing the use of resources and responding to principles of efficiency and effectiveness. Furthermore, based on the evaluation of the feasibility of implementing this intervention in primary care facilities, we expect to be able to suggest the intervention for incorporation into public policy. In conclusion, positive results of this study could have a significant impact on one of the most important health-related problems, multimorbidity. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03426709 . Registered retrospectively on 08 February 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Monreal-Bartolomé
- Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network, RedIAPP, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Aragon Institute for Health Research, IIS Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alberto Barceló-Soler
- Aragon Institute for Health Research, IIS Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
- Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network, RedIAPP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adoración Castro
- Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network, RedIAPP, Madrid, Spain
- Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut, IUNICS-IDISPA, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Mª. Ángeles Pérez-Ara
- Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network, RedIAPP, Madrid, Spain
- Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut, IUNICS-IDISPA, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Margalida Gili
- Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network, RedIAPP, Madrid, Spain
- Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut, IUNICS-IDISPA, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Fermín Mayoral
- Mental Health Department, Institute of Biomedicine of Malaga, University Regional Hospital of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Maria Magdalena Hurtado
- Mental Health Department, Institute of Biomedicine of Malaga, University Regional Hospital of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Esperanza Varela Moreno
- Mental Health Department, Institute of Biomedicine of Malaga, University Regional Hospital of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Cristina Botella
- Jaume I University, Castellon de la Plana, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Azucena García-Palacios
- CIBER Physiopathology Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical and Basic Psychology and Biopsychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Jaume I, Castellon, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Baños
- CIBER Physiopathology Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychological, Personality, Evaluation and Treatment, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yolanda López-Del-Hoyo
- Aragon Institute for Health Research, IIS Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
- Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network, RedIAPP, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier García-Campayo
- Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network, RedIAPP, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
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