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Zamora Á, Desdentado L, Herrero R, Miragall M, Baños R. Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the functionality appreciation scale. J Eat Disord 2024; 12:50. [PMID: 38664846 PMCID: PMC11046768 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-024-01004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Functionality Appreciation Scale is a 7-item measure of an individual's appreciation of his or her body for what it can do and is capable of doing. While this instrument has been increasingly used in intervention-based research, its psychometric properties have not been extensively studied in non-English-speaking populations. The psychometric properties of a novel Spanish translation of the FAS were examined. METHODS An online sample of 838 Spanish adults (mean age = 31.79 ± 11.95 years, 50.48% men) completed the Spanish FAS and validated measures of body appreciation, eating disorder symptomatology, intuitive eating, and life satisfaction. RESULTS Exploratory factor analysis supported a 1-dimensional factor structure of the FAS, which was further supported by confirmatory factor analysis (SBχ²(14) = 83.82, SBχ²normed = 1.48, robust RMSEA = 0.094 (90% CI = 0.074, 0.115), SRMR = 0.040, robust CFI = 0.946, robust TLI = 0.924). Invariance across genders was shown, and there were no significant differences according to gender (t(417) = 0.77, p =.444, d = 0.07). Construct validity was also supported through significant associations with the other measures of the study. Incremental validity was established in women. Thus, appreciation of functionality predicted life satisfaction over and above the variance accounted for by other body image and eating disorder-related measures (F(4, 399) = 18.86, p <.001, ΔR2 = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS These results support the psychometric properties of the Spanish FAS and demonstrate the importance of the appreciation of functionality in relation to a healthier body image and psychological wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Zamora
- Polibienestar Research Institute, University of Valencia, Calle Serpis 29, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibañez 21, 46010, Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Lorena Desdentado
- Polibienestar Research Institute, University of Valencia, Calle Serpis 29, 46022, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Herrero
- CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
| | - Marta Miragall
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibañez 21, 46010, Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Baños
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibañez 21, 46010, Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
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Corno G, Paquette A, Burychka D, Miragall M, Rivard MC, Baños RM, Bouchard S. Development of a visual-perceptual method to assess body image: A cross-cultural validation in Canadian and Spanish women. Eur Eat Disord Rev 2024. [PMID: 38512753 DOI: 10.1002/erv.3086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were (a) to explore the preliminary cross-cultural validity of a visual-perceptual method to assess body image; (b) to examine potential differences and similarities in body image phenomena between women from two Western countries (i.e., Canada and Spain). 201 self-identified women participated in this cross-sectional study. Ideal, normal, and self-perceived body sizes were assessed using a visual-perceptual method, whereas body dissatisfaction was measured using both a visual-perceptual method and a questionnaire. Visual-perceptual body dissatisfaction was significantly correlated with questionnaire body dissatisfaction, suggesting a preliminary convergent validity between the two assessment methods. Women in both countries were dissatisfied with their bodies. Compared to their self-perceived body, all women chose a significantly thinner visual representation of their "normal" and ideal body. These results may suggest a shift towards the "thin" body as not only ideal, but also normative. This study provides the first evidence for the cross-cultural validity of a visual-perceptual body image assessment tool. The results of the current study confirm the presence of "normative discontent", and suggest more cross-country similarities than differences among women from these two Western societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Corno
- Department of Psychology and Psychoeducation, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
- Centre intégré de santé et des services sociaux de l'Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
| | - Amélia Paquette
- Department of Psychology and Psychoeducation, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
| | - Diana Burychka
- Polibienestar Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Miragall
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marie-Christine Rivard
- Department of Psychology and Psychoeducation, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
| | - Rosa M Baños
- Polibienestar Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Stéphane Bouchard
- Department of Psychology and Psychoeducation, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
- Centre intégré de santé et des services sociaux de l'Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
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Burychka D, Miragall M, Baños RM. The Role of Body Compassion in the Risk of Eating Disorders: Mediational Effects of Body Appreciation and Body Shame. Psicothema 2024; 36:36-45. [PMID: 38227298 DOI: 10.7334/psicothema2023.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body compassion is a protective factor in the field of eating disorders (ED) that has been associated with higher body appreciation and lower body shame. However, more studies are needed in order to disentangle the protective role of compassion in regard to the risk of ED. The study’s aims were to (1) analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish adaptation of the Body Compassion Scale (BCS) and (2) determine whether body appreciation and body shame were mediators in the relationship between body compassion and the risk of ED. METHOD 288 women (range: 18-40 years old; M = 24.65 ± 5.02) from the general Spanish population completed online questionnaires. RESULTS The Spanish adaptation of the BCS was reliable and valid. Results of a serial and parallel mediation model confirmed the protective role of body compassion and body appreciation on body shame and the risk of ED, accounting for 68.88% of the variance. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that women who present higher body compassion tend to show higher body appreciation, which in turn leads to lower internal body shame and lower risk of ED. These results support the need to develop a positive and compassionate relationship with one’s body, in order to prevent ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Burychka
- Polibienestar Research Institute, University of Valencia (Spain), Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia (Spain)
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia (Spain)
| | - Marta Miragall
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia (Spain)
- CIBERObn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (Spain)
| | - Rosa M Baños
- Polibienestar Research Institute, University of Valencia (Spain), Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia (Spain)
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia (Spain)
- CIBERObn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (Spain)
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Desdentado L, Miragall M, Llorens R, Navarro MD, Baños RM. Identifying and regulating emotions after acquired brain injury: the role of interoceptive sensibility. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1268926. [PMID: 38179500 PMCID: PMC10764614 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1268926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Interoceptive deficits are associated with difficulties in identifying and regulating emotions. However, research on interoception after acquired brain injury (ABI) is scarce, and its relationship with emotional difficulties in this population is unknown. This study aimed to (1) examine differences in self-reported alexithymia, performance-based emotional awareness, emotion regulation, depression, and interoceptive sensibility between ABI and control individuals; and (2) analyze the role of adaptive interoceptive dimensions in these emotional processes after ABI. Methods Forty-three individuals with ABI and 42 matched control individuals completed the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness-2, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, the Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results Compared to the control group, individuals with ABI showed reduced tendency to ignore unpleasant sensations increased severity of depressive symptoms, as well as tendencies to have greater difficulties in emotion regulation and lower emotional awareness. Additionally, interoceptive dimensions such as trusting, as well as not-distracting from and not-worrying about bodily sensations, played a relevant role in explaining lower alexithymia and difficulties in emotion regulation. Moreover, lower alexithymia and emotion dysregulation were related to less depressive symptoms. These relationships were invariant across ABI and control individuals. Discussion Although individuals with ABI may have different levels of emotional abilities compared to non-ABI individuals, the relationship patterns between interoceptive and emotional processes appear to be similar between the two groups. This study suggests the potential benefit of addressing both interoceptive and emotional difficulties in treatments targeting such prevalent sequelae of ABI as depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Desdentado
- Polibienestar Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Miragall
- CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Roberto Llorens
- Neurorehabilitation and Brain Research Group, Institute for Human-Centered Technology Research, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Rosa M. Baños
- Polibienestar Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Paredes-Mealla M, Martínez-Borba V, Miragall M, García-Palacios A, Baños RM, Suso-Ribera C. Is there evidence that emotional reasoning processing underlies emotional disorders in adults? A systematic review. Curr Psychol 2022; 42:1-17. [PMID: 36406838 PMCID: PMC9644006 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03884-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of emotional disorders has increased in recent times. Emotional Reasoning (ER), which is a transdiagnostic process, occurs when feelings, rather than objective evidence, are used as a source of information to make judgements about the valence of a situation. Differences in ER may explain the existence and maintenance of emotional disorders. The objective is to systematically review the role of ER in the occurrence and severity of emotional disorders. Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched through: PubMed, PsycInfo, Scopus and The Cochrane Library. Search terms were "Emotional Reasoning", "ex-consequentia reasoning", "Affect-as-information"; and "emotional disorders", "anxiety", "depression", "depressive". Nine articles were included. An association was demonstrated between ER and a greater degree of anxious symptomatological severity. In depressive symptomatology, no significant differences were found. One study reported the effect of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy on ER bias, finding no changes after the intervention. Finally, another study evaluated the efficacy of computerised experiential training in reducing ER bias, showing significant differences. There are few studies on ER and its evolution in research has not been uniform over time. Encouragingly, though, research to date suggests that ER is a transdiagnostic process involved in several anxiety disorders. More investigation is needed to dilucidate whether ER also underlies the onset and maintenance of depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Paredes-Mealla
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Jaume I University, Avda. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellon de la Plana, Spain
| | - Verónica Martínez-Borba
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Jaume I University, Avda. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellon de la Plana, Spain
| | - Marta Miragall
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Azucena García-Palacios
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Jaume I University, Avda. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellon de la Plana, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Mª Baños
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Polibienestar, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Suso-Ribera
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Jaume I University, Avda. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellon de la Plana, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Escrivá-Martínez T, Vara MD, Czeraniuk N, Denis M, Núñez-Benjumea FJ, Fernández-Luque L, Jiménez-Díaz A, Traver V, Llull JJ, Martínez-Millana A, Garcés-Ferrer J, Miragall M, Herrero R, Enríquez A, Schaefer V, Cervera-Torres S, Villasanti C, Cabral CV, Fernández I, Baños RM. mHealth intervention to improve quality of life in patients with chronic diseases during the COVID-19 crisis in Paraguay: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273290. [PMID: 36346807 PMCID: PMC9642890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic disease represent an at-risk group in the face of the COVID-19 crisis as they need to regularly monitor their lifestyle and emotional management. Coping with the illness becomes a challenge due to supply problems and lack of access to health care facilities. It is expected these limitations, along with lockdown and social distancing measures, have affected the routine disease management of these patients, being more pronounced in low- and middle-income countries with a flawed health care system. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to describe a protocol for a randomized controlled trial to test the efficacy of the Adhera® MejoraCare Digital Program, an mHealth intervention aimed at improving the quality of life of patients with chronic diseases during the COVID-19 outbreak in Paraguay. METHOD A two-arm randomized controlled trial will be carried out, with repeated measures (baseline, 1-month, 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month) under two conditions: Adhera® MejoraCare Digital Program or waiting list. The primary outcome is a change in the quality of life on the EuroQol 5-Dimensions 3-Levels Questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L). Other secondary outcomes, as the effect on anxiety and health empowerment, will be considered. All participants must be 18 years of age or older and meet the criteria for chronic disease. A total of 96 participants will be recruited (48 per arm). CONCLUSIONS It is expected that the Adhera® MejoraCare Digital Program will show significant improvements in quality of life and emotional distress compared to the waiting list condition. Additionally, it is hypothesized that this intervention will be positively evaluated by the participants in terms of usability and satisfaction. The findings will provide new insights into the viability and efficacy of mHealth solutions for chronic disease management in developing countries and in times of pandemic. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04659746.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Escrivá-Martínez
- Polibienestar Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER-Obn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mª Dolores Vara
- Polibienestar Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER-Obn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nadia Czeraniuk
- Centro de Investigación y Documentación, Universidad Autónoma de Encarnación, Encarnación, Paraguay
| | - Matías Denis
- Centro de Investigación y Documentación, Universidad Autónoma de Encarnación, Encarnación, Paraguay
| | | | | | - Alba Jiménez-Díaz
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Traver
- ITACA Institute, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan José Llull
- ITACA Institute, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Marta Miragall
- CIBER-Obn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Adhera Health, Inc, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Rocío Herrero
- CIBER-Obn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
| | - Analía Enríquez
- Centro de Investigación y Documentación, Universidad Autónoma de Encarnación, Encarnación, Paraguay
| | - Verena Schaefer
- Instituto Superior de Educación Divina Esperanza, Encarnación, Paraguay
| | | | - Cecilia Villasanti
- Centro de Investigación y Documentación, Universidad Autónoma de Encarnación, Encarnación, Paraguay
| | | | - Irene Fernández
- Department of Methodology for the Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Mª Baños
- Polibienestar Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER-Obn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Baños RM, Desdentado L, Vara MD, Escrivá-Martínez T, Herrero R, Miragall M, Tomás JM. How the COVID-19 Pandemic and its Consequences Affect the Presence of and Search for Meaning of Life: A Longitudinal Study. J Happiness Stud 2022; 24:17-33. [PMID: 36312909 PMCID: PMC9595083 DOI: 10.1007/s10902-022-00592-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The presence of meaning in life (PML) and the search for meaning in life (SML) are crucial when facing difficult times. Although several theoretical frameworks have tried to explain the dynamics of meaning in life during adversity, empirical evidence about interactions among both constructs using longitudinal designs is scarce. This study examined the trajectories of both PML and SML during the COVID-19 lockdown period in Spain. In total, 220 adults fulfilled an online survey during two periods: a strict and a relaxed lockdown period. Latent growth models showed that both PML and SML declined slightly during the strict lockdown, but they reached a plateau during the relaxed lockdown. Results also showed that age and having a partner predicted higher PML and lower SML at baseline, whereas being male predicted higher scores on PML. PML and SML were negatively associated at baseline, higher SML at baseline was related to a steeper decreasing PML slope during the strict lockdown, and the PML and SML slopes in the relaxed lockdown period were negatively related. This study contributes to better understanding longitudinal fluctuations of meaning in life in situations of adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Mª Baños
- Polibienestar Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Comunidad Valenciana Spain
- CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lorena Desdentado
- Polibienestar Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Comunidad Valenciana Spain
- CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mª Dolores Vara
- Polibienestar Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Comunidad Valenciana Spain
- CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tamara Escrivá-Martínez
- Polibienestar Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Comunidad Valenciana Spain
- CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rocío Herrero
- CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, Universidad de Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
| | - Marta Miragall
- CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José M. Tomás
- Department of Methodology for the Behavioral Sciences, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Miragall M, Escrivá-Martínez T, Wrzesien M, Vara MD, Herrero R, Desdentado L, Baños RM. Too many lemons to make lemonade? Disentangling mental health during the third wave of COVID-19 infections in Spain. Curr Psychol 2022:1-13. [PMID: 36213570 PMCID: PMC9533265 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03638-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to analyze the longitudinal change in mental health during the third wave of COVID-19 infections in Spain. Negative (e.g., emotional distress) and positive (e.g., positive functioning variables) outcomes were analyzed. Protective factors (e.g., resilience) as predictors of psychological adjustment (i.e., positive mental health, openness to the future, and low burden due to COVID-19) after ten months of the pandemic were also examined. The sample consisted of 164 participants, and self-reported questionnaires were administered at the beginning of the lockdown (March 2020), at the end of the lockdown (June 2020), and during the third wave (January 2021). Linear mixed models showed that individuals' emotional distress increased, and positive functioning variables (i.e., meaning in life, gratitude, resilience, and life satisfaction) decreased over time, but an increase was observed in some dimensions of posttraumatic growth. Regression analyses showed that resilience scores at all three data collection time points were significant predictors of positive mental health, openness to the future, and burden during the third wave. Mediation analyses showed that positive mental health and openness to the future were mediators of the effect of resilience on burden. The prolonged situation of the COVID-19 crisis had an important impact on positive and negative mental health. However, resilience may help to build up resources that can act as a buffer against adverse psychological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Miragall
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Avenida Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tamara Escrivá-Martínez
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Avenida Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Polibienestar, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 21, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maja Wrzesien
- Instituto Polibienestar, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 21, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mª Dolores Vara
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Polibienestar, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 21, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rocío Herrero
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, Universidad de Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
| | - Lorena Desdentado
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Avenida Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Polibienestar, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 21, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Mª Baños
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Avenida Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Polibienestar, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 21, Valencia, Spain
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Escrivá-Martínez T, Miragall M, Herrero R, Rodríguez-Arias M, Baños RM. Eating behaviors, eating styles and body mass index during COVID-19 confinement in a college sample: a predictive model. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:100. [PMID: 35820922 PMCID: PMC9275146 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00624-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 confinement affected lifestyles. There is inconclusive evidence about changes in eating patterns, and there are few studies on the impact on body mass index (BMI), the occurrence of dysfunctional behaviors (binge eating, fat intake), and the predictive role of maladaptive eating styles (emotional, external, and restrained eating). OBJECTIVES (1) To analyze the differences in binge eating, fat intake, BMI, and maladaptive eating styles before and during COVID-19 confinement, and (2) to analyze whether maladaptive eating styles (before confinement) predicted binge eating, fat intake, and BMI during confinement. METHODS The sample consisted of 146 Spanish college students, divided into 104 females (71.2%; age: M = 22.20, SD = 2.97) and 42 males (28.8%; age: M = 24.74; SD = 3.53). All completed several dietary measures and BMI twice: before COVID-19 confinement (T1, November 2019) and during COVID-19 confinement (T2, April 2020). RESULTS BMI and maladaptive eating styles did not change in T2 (vs. T1). However, binge eating and fat intake decreased in T2. Emotional eating at T1 positively predicted BMI and binge eating at T2. External eating at T1 positively (and marginally) predicted fat intake at T2. Restrained eating at T1 positively predicted binge eating at T2, and negatively (and marginally) predicted BMI and fat intake at T2. The model explained 80.5% of the variance in BMI, 41.5% of the variance in binge eating, and 25.8% of the variance in fat intake during COVID-19 confinement. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 confinement had a positive impact on some eating behaviors. Future policies should focus part of their prevention on maladaptive eating styles to curb dysfunctional eating behaviors and BMI problems in times of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Escrivá-Martínez
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. .,Instituto Polibienestar, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. .,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Miragall
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Herrero
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Rosa M Baños
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Instituto Polibienestar, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Ventura S, Miragall M, Cardenas G, Baños RM. Predictors of the Sense of Embodiment of a Female Victim of Sexual Harassment in a Male Sample Through 360-Degree Video-Based Virtual Reality. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:845508. [PMID: 35601909 PMCID: PMC9121780 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.845508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The sense of embodiment refers to the set of sensations related to having (i.e., ownership), being located in (i.e., location), and controlling (i.e., agency) a virtual body. Recently, 360-degree video-based Virtual Reality (VR) has been used to manipulate the sense of embodiment, generating the body-swap illusion, that is, the illusionary switch from the real body to a virtual one. However, the psychological mechanisms involved in this illusion are still unknown. The present study is a secondary analysis of the study by Ventura et al. (2021) investigating the feasibility of 360-degree video to induce the body swap from a male's real body to a female virtual body in a sexual harassment virtual environment. In addition, the study explores whether the sense of presence and psychological trait variables related to sexual harassment (i.e., machismo, chivalry, alexithymia, empathic abilities) predict the illusion of owning the body of a female victim of sexual harassment. Forty-four men participated in the study, and the results indicate that the 360-degree video is able to induce the body-swap illusion for location and ownership, but not for agency. Multiple regression analyses showed that the sense of presence was a predictor of the three dimensions of embodiment, but specific psychological traits (i.e., low scores on machismo, high scores on difficulties expressing feelings, and high scores on perspective taking) were also predictor variables of experiencing a greater sense of location and agency in the female virtual body. This study shows that both technological issues and participants' psychological traits are involved in the experience of the body-swap illusion in a sexual harassment scenario using 360-degree video-based VR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ventura
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Instituto Polibienestar, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Miragall
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- The Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Georgina Cardenas
- Laboratorio de Enseñanza Virtual y Ciberpsicologıa, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rosa M. Baños
- Instituto Polibienestar, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- The Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Baños RM, Garcés JJ, Miragall M, Herrero R, Vara MD, Soria-Olivas E. Exploring the Heterogeneity and Trajectories of Positive Functioning Variables, Emotional Distress, and Post-traumatic Growth During Strict Confinement Due to COVID-19. J Happiness Stud 2022; 23:1683-1708. [PMID: 34744499 PMCID: PMC8561082 DOI: 10.1007/s10902-021-00469-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED COVID-19 pandemic-related confinement may be a fruitful opportunity to use individual resources to deal with it or experience psychological functioning changes. This study aimed to analyze the evolution of different psychological variables during the first coronavirus wave to identify the different psychological response clusters, as well as to keep a follow-up on the changes among these clusters. The sample included 459 Spanish residents (77.8% female, Mage = 35.21 years, SDage = 13.00). Participants completed several online self-reported questionnaires to assess positive functioning variables (MLQ, Steger et al. in J Loss Trauma 13(6):511-527, 2006. 10.1080/15325020802173660; GQ-6, McCullough et al. in J Person Soc Psychol 82:112-127, 2002. 10.1037/0022-3514.82.1.112; CD-RISC, Campbell-Sills and Stein in J Traum Stress 20(6):1019-1028, 2007. 10.1002/jts.20271; CLS-H, Chiesi et al. in BMC Psychol 8(1):1-9, 2020. 10.1186/s40359-020-0386-9; SWLS; Diener et al. in J Person Assess, 49(1), 71-75, 1985), emotional distress (PHQ-2, Kroenke et al. in Med Care 41(11):1284-1292, 2003. 10.1097/01.MLR.0000093487.78664.3C; GAD-2, Kroenke et al. in Ann Internal Med 146(5):317-325, 2007. 10.7326/0003-4819-146-5-200703060-00004; PANAS, Watson et al. in J Person Soc Psychol 47:1063-1070, 1988; Perceived Stress, ad hoc), and post-traumatic growth (PTGI-SF; Cann et al. in Anxiety Stress Coping 23(2):127-137, 2010. 10.1080/10615800903094273), four times throughout the 3 months of the confinement. Linear mixed models showed that the scores on positive functioning variables worsened from the beginning of the confinement, while emotional distress and personal strength improved by the end of the state of alarm. Clustering analyses revealed four different patterns of psychological response: "Survival", "Resurgent", "Resilient", and "Thriving" individuals. Four different profiles were identified during mandatory confinement and most participants remained in the same cluster. The "Resilient" cluster gathered the largest number of individuals (30-37%). We conclude that both the heterogeneity of psychological profiles and analysis of positive functioning variables, emotional distress, and post-traumatic growth must be considered to better understand the response to prolonged adverse situations. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10902-021-00469-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Mª Baños
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad Y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Polibienestar, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan J. Garcés
- Intelligent Data Analysis Laboratory (IDAL), Escola Tècnica Superior d’Enginyeria, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia Spain
| | - Marta Miragall
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad Y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Herrero
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad Y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Polibienestar, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mª Dolores Vara
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad Y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Polibienestar, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Emilio Soria-Olivas
- Intelligent Data Analysis Laboratory (IDAL), Escola Tècnica Superior d’Enginyeria, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia Spain
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12
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Miragall M, Herrero R, Vara MD, Galiana L, Baños RM. The impact of strict and forced confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic on positive functioning variables, emotional distress, and posttraumatic growth in a Spanish sample. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2021; 12:1918900. [PMID: 34178293 PMCID: PMC8205045 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.1918900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The adverse consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health have been widely studied in recent months. However, few studies have examined the protective psychological factors that may explain how individuals are coping with the COVID-19 pandemic and its forced confinements. Objective: This study analyzes the impact of confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic on positive functioning variables (resilience, meaning of life, gratitude, compassion, life satisfaction), emotional distress (depression, anxiety, perceived stress, affect), and posttraumatic growth (PTG). The impact was measured during and after the first month of strict and obligatory confinement in Spain. Methods: The sample was composed of 438 Spanish residents (78.3% women) between the ages of 18 and 68 (M = 35.68; SD = 13.19) during the first stage (first two weeks) of confinement. The sample was reduced to 197 participants during the second stage (fifth week) of confinement. Several online self-reported questionnaires were administered to assess positive functioning variables, emotional distress, and PTG. Results: Women, youths, individuals without a partner, with lower monetary incomes, or diagnosed with a mental disorder or chronic illness experienced lower scores in positive functioning variables and greater emotional distress during the first stage of confinement. Linear mixed models showed that scores on positive functioning variables, emotional distress, and PTG worsened in the second stage of confinement. Nevertheless, a structural equations model showed that increases in positive functioning variables in the second stage were associated with increases in life satisfaction (R2 = .450) and related to decreases in emotional distress (R2 = .186), leading in turn to increases in PTG (R2 = .061). Conclusions: Individuals could experience PTG during strict and mandatory confinement. The increase in PTG during this adverse event was indirectly associated with increases in positive functioning variables (i.e. gratitude, presence of meaning, resilience), through improvements in life satisfaction and emotional distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Miragall
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Herrero
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Polibienestar, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Dolores Vara
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Polibienestar, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Galiana
- Department of Methodology for the Behavioral Sciences, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa M Baños
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Polibienestar, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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13
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Brailovskaia J, Miragall M, Margraf J, Herrero R, Baños RM. The relationship between social media use, anxiety and burden caused by coronavirus (COVID-19) in Spain. Curr Psychol 2021; 41:7441-7447. [PMID: 34054261 PMCID: PMC8140743 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01802-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 and national restrictions to slow down its spread have significantly changed people's everyday lives. Many people engage in intensive social media use (SMU) to stay up-to-date about the pandemic. The present study investigated the extent of SMU as source of COVID-19 information, and its relationship with anxiety and the experienced burden caused by the pandemic in Spain. Of the 221 participants, 52.5% reported to frequently use SM as information source. The use of other information sources such as print and online newspaper reports, television reports, and official governmental online sites was not associated with anxiety and burden caused by the current COVID-19 situation. However, SMU was significantly positively linked to both variables. Moreover, anxiety significantly mediated the relationship between SMU and the experienced burden. The findings show the potential negative effect of SMU on individual emotional state and behavior during the pandemic. They emphasize the significance of an accurate and conscious use of SM specifically during extraordinary circumstances such as the COVID-19 outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Brailovskaia
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Massenbergstr. 9-13, 44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - Marta Miragall
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jürgen Margraf
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Massenbergstr. 9-13, 44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - Rocío Herrero
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Polibienestar, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 21, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa M Baños
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Polibienestar, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 21, Valencia, Spain
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14
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Ventura S, Cardenas G, Miragall M, Riva G, Baños R. How Does It Feel to Be a Woman Victim of Sexual Harassment? The Effect of 360°-Video-Based Virtual Reality on Empathy and Related Variables. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2021; 24:258-266. [PMID: 33085513 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2020.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Sexual harassment (SH) occurs when people-mostly women-are targets of unwanted sexual comments, gestures, or actions associated with a lack of empathy on the part of the offender. Virtual Reality (VR) has been defined as the "ultimate empathy machine" because it allows the user to take other people's perspective. The present work aims to study the effect of a 360°-video-based VR experience (vs. traditional perspective-taking task) on empathy and related concepts (i.e., violent attitude, perspective taking, sense of oneness) toward a female victim of SH in a male sample. A within-subjects design was used with 44 men who experienced both conditions (360° and narrative). Results showed the superiority of the 360°-video experience over the narrative in increasing empathy, sense of oneness, and perspective taking toward a female victim of SH. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ventura
- Instituto Polibienestar, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Georgina Cardenas
- Laboratorio de Enseñanza Virtual y Ciberpsicologıa, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, México
| | - Marta Miragall
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Jaume I University, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Riva
- Department of Psychology, Centro Studi e Ricerche di Psicologia della Comunicazione, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.,Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosa Baños
- Instituto Polibienestar, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Brailovskaia J, Cosci F, Mansueto G, Miragall M, Herrero R, Baños RM, Krasavtseva Y, Kochetkov Y, Margraf J. The association between depression symptoms, psychological burden caused by Covid-19 and physical activity: An investigation in Germany, Italy, Russia, and Spain. Psychiatry Res 2021; 295:113596. [PMID: 33261924 PMCID: PMC7688416 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of Covid-19 required the re-organization of everyday life. While some people accepted this challenge, other experienced the current situation as a heavy burden that impedes the adaptation to the new life conditions. The present study investigated factors that can impact the level of burden caused by Covid-19. Burden, depression symptoms and frequency of physical activity (e.g., jogging, cycling) were assessed via online surveys in overall 1,931 people from four countries (Germany: N = 625; Italy: N = 936; Russia: N = 230; Spain: N = 140). Similar result patterns were found in all country-specific samples. Burden by Covid-19 was significantly positively associated with depression symptoms, while it was significantly negatively linked to physical activity. Moreover, physical activity buffered the association between depression symptoms and burden. The present cross-national findings emphasize the protective effect of physical activity specifically in times of Covid-19. This issue should be addressed in governmental programs to longitudinally protect mental and physical health and to enhance the willingness to adhere to the anti-Covid-19 measures among the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Brailovskaia
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Fiammetta Cosci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Mansueto
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Marta Miragall
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rocío Herrero
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Polibienestar, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. Av. Blasco Ibáñez 21, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Rosa M. Baños
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain,CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Instituto Polibienestar, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. Av. Blasco Ibáñez 21, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yulia Krasavtseva
- Department of Pedagogy and Medical Psychology, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian; Department of Psychology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian; Center for Cognitive Therapy, Moscow, Russia.
| | | | - Jürgen Margraf
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
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16
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Miragall M, Borrego A, Cebolla A, Etchemendy E, Navarro-Siurana J, Llorens R, Blackwell SE, Baños RM. Effect of an upright (vs. stooped) posture on interpretation bias, imagery, and emotions. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2020; 68:101560. [PMID: 32078947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2020.101560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Adopting an upright (vs. stooped) posture has been related to positive effects on emotional and cognitive processes. However, there is no evidence concerning the effect of posture on two key processes associated with the maintenance of depression: interpretation bias and vividness of mental imagery. The objectives were to investigate the effect of adopting an upright (vs. stooped) posture on interpretation bias and vividness of positive and negative mental imagery, and to explore the interplay between these processes and depression-related emotions. METHODS The sample consisted of 54 participants (Mage = 22.00, 64.8% women), who were randomly assigned to the upright or stooped condition. Participants answered self-report measures while they were adopting a specific posture. Posture was monitored through inertial technology. RESULTS Main results were that: upright (vs. stooped) posture led to more positive interpretations of ambiguous information and increased positive emotions related to depression (happiness, optimism and vigor); time in an upright position was associated with change in interpretation bias and vividness of positive mental imagery; and level of depressive symptomatology moderated the effect of posture on the change in interpretation bias. LIMITATIONS Limitations are related to the use of non-clinical sample, the use of short-term measurements, and the lack of an experimental condition adopting the usual posture. CONCLUSIONS Posture interacts with mechanisms involved in the maintenance of depression, as well as with depression-related emotions. This study has clinical implications that should be continued explored in order to clarify the role of manipulating the posture in individuals with depressive symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Miragall
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN). Instituto Carlos III, Spain.
| | - Adrián Borrego
- Neurorehabilitation and Brain Research Group, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Bioingeniería. Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ausiàs Cebolla
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN). Instituto Carlos III, Spain.
| | - Ernestina Etchemendy
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Jéssica Navarro-Siurana
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Roberto Llorens
- Neurorehabilitation and Brain Research Group, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Bioingeniería. Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain; Servicio de Neurorrehabilitación y Daño Cerebral de los Hospitales Vithas-NISA. Fundación Hospitales NISA, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Simon E Blackwell
- Department of Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany; Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany.
| | - Rosa M Baños
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN). Instituto Carlos III, Spain.
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17
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Navarro J, Escobar P, Miragall M, Cebolla A, Baños RM. Adolescent Motivation Toward Physical Exercise: The Role of Sex, Age, Enjoyment, and Anxiety. Psychol Rep 2020; 124:1049-1069. [PMID: 32375535 DOI: 10.1177/0033294120922490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise declines during adolescence due to several factors, such as lack of intrinsic motivation or enjoyment, high physical exercise anxiety, and so on. The objectives of this study were to validate the psychometric structure of the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 to confirm the existence of five levels of motivation toward physical exercise in adolescent population, as well as to analyze the differences in motivation according to sex and age, and the role of age and sex in the relationship between motivation and enjoyment. To do so, 666 students between 10 and 16 years old completed the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 and questionnaires related to enjoyment and physical exercise anxiety. The confirmatory factor analysis of the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 showed a five-factor structure. However, a more parsimonious four-factor structure with a single intrinsic-identified regulation emerged through an exploratory factor analysis. The more self-determined types of motivation were positively associated with enjoyment and negatively with anxiety, the type of physical exercise motivation fluctuated depending on age and sex, and the age moderated the relationship between motivation and enjoyment. This study highlights the importance of fostering specific types of motivation to improve the physical exercise and the relevance of age and sex when developing interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Navarro
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, 16781University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, 16781University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Polibienestar, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Patricia Escobar
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, 16781University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, 16781University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Polibienestar, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Miragall
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, 16781University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, 16781University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Polibienestar, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ausiàs Cebolla
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, 16781University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, 16781University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Polibienestar, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa M Baños
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, 16781University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Polibienestar, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Molinari G, Miragall M, Enrique Á, Botella C, Baños RM, García‐Palacios A. How and for whom does a positive affect intervention work in fibromyalgia: An analysis of mediators and moderators. Eur J Pain 2019; 24:248-262. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Molinari
- CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CIBERObn Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Marta Miragall
- CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CIBERObn Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment University of Valencia Valencia Spain
| | | | - Cristina Botella
- CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CIBERObn Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
- Department of Psicología Básica Universitat Jaume I Clínica y Psicobiología Castellón Spain
| | - Rosa María Baños
- CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CIBERObn Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment University of Valencia Valencia Spain
| | - Azucena García‐Palacios
- CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CIBERObn Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
- Department of Psicología Básica Universitat Jaume I Clínica y Psicobiología Castellón Spain
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Cebolla A, Herrero R, Ventura S, Miragall M, Bellosta-Batalla M, Llorens R, Baños RM. Putting Oneself in the Body of Others: A Pilot Study on the Efficacy of an Embodied Virtual Reality System to Generate Self-Compassion. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1521. [PMID: 31338048 PMCID: PMC6626917 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Compassion-based interventions (CBIs) have been shown to be effective for increasing empathy and compassion, and reducing stress, anxiety, and depression. CBIs are based on constructive meditations where imagery abilities are essential. One of the major difficulties that participants report during the training is the difficulty related to imagery abilities. Virtual reality (VR) can be a useful tool to overcome this limitation because it can facilitate the construction and sustainment of mental images. The machine to be another (TMTBA) uses multi-sensory stimulation to induce a body swap illusion. This system allows participants to see themselves from a third perspective and have the illusion of touching themselves from outside. The main objective of the present study was to analyze the efficacy of a self-compassion meditation procedure based on the TMTBA system versus the usual meditation procedure (CAU) in increasing positive affect states, mindful self-care, and adherence to the practice, and explore the influence of imagery abilities as moderators of the effects of the condition on adherence. A sample of 16 participants were randomly assigned to two conditions: TMTBA-VR and CAU. All participants had to listen to an audio meditation about self-compassion and answer questionnaires before and after the training. The TMTBA-VR condition also had a body swap experience at the end of the meditation while listening to self-compassionate messages. Afterward, they were invited to practice this meditation for 2 weeks and then measured again. After the compassion practice, both conditions significantly increased positive qualities toward self/others, decreased negative qualities toward self, and increased awareness and attention to mental events and bodily sensations, with no differences between the conditions. After 2 weeks, both conditions showed a similar frequency of meditation practice and increases in specific types of self-care behaviors, with the frequency of clinical self-care behaviors being significantly higher in TMTBA. Finally, lower imagery ability in the visual and cutaneous modality were moderators of the efficacy of the TMTBA (vs. CAU) condition in increasing adherence to the practice. Embodied VR could be an interesting tool to facilitate and increase the efficacy of CBIs by facilitating the construction of positive and powerful mental images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ausiàs Cebolla
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Herrero
- CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - Sara Ventura
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Miragall
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Bellosta-Batalla
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Roberto Llorens
- Neurorehabilitation and Brain Research Group, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Bioingeniería, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- Servicio de Neurorrehabilitación y Daño Cerebral de los Hospitales Vithas-NISA, Fundación Hospitales NISA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Ma Baños
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
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Miragall M, Etchemendy E, Cebolla A, Rodríguez V, Medrano C, Baños RM. Expand your body when you look at yourself: The role of the posture in a mirror exposure task. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194686. [PMID: 29570729 PMCID: PMC5865731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mirror exposure (ME) is one of the main components of the treatment of patients with eating disorders symptomatology and it has shown its effectiveness in improving several outcomes (e.g., body dissatisfaction). However, the study as to what body posture should be adopted to maximize its effectiveness has been neglected. From embodied cognition and emotion theories, the adoption of an expansive (vs. contractive) body posture has been associated with positive changes in cognitive and emotional responses. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of adopting an expansive (vs. contractive) posture before an ME task on body-related emotions and cognitions, as well as to analyze the possible moderator and mediator variables of these relationships. The sample was composed of 68 women (age: M = 21.74, SD = 3.12) with high scores on body dissatisfaction. Participants were randomly assigned to the expansive or contractive condition, where the openness of the arms/legs and the back position were manipulated. Posture was monitored by an electronic device and participants filled out several self-reported measures. ANCOVAs, moderation, mediation, and moderated mediated analyses were performed. Results showed that women in the expansive condition showed higher positive emotions after the ME. Moreover, exploratory analyses showed that adopting an expansive posture improved positive emotions, leading to improvements in negative emotions, body image satisfaction, and appraisal of the person’s own body. Psychological interventions should explore the value of holding an expansive posture before the ME in women with body dissatisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Miragall
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Ausiàs Cebolla
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Medrano
- EduQTech, EUPT, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain.,Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rosa María Baños
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Miragall M, Domínguez-Rodríguez A, Navarro J, Cebolla A, Baños RM. Increasing physical activity through an Internet-based motivational intervention supported by pedometers in a sample of sedentary students: A randomised controlled trial. Psychol Health 2017; 33:465-482. [PMID: 28880576 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2017.1368511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of an Internet-based motivational intervention (IMI) supported by pedometers (in comparison with IMI alone and non-intervention) on increasing daily steps and changing constructs related to physical activity (PA) in a sample of sedentary students. DESIGN A randomised-controlled trial was conducted with 76 sedentary or low-active college students. The purpose of the IMI was to deliver information to increase motivation and set individualised PA goals. It involved a 3-week intervention and a 3-months follow-up. OUTCOME MEASURES Objective measures were used to measure daily steps, and self-report questionnaires to assess different constructs related to PA. RESULTS Results revealed that IMI supported by pedometers condition increased significantly more the daily steps (post-intervention: M = 2069; SD = 1827; follow-up: M = 2227; SD = 2477) and enjoyment than non-intervention condition at both points in time. Moreover, results showed that IMI alone condition increased more the scores in variables involved in PA behaviour than non-intervention condition. CONCLUSIONS This study shows the effectiveness of a self-administered IMI using pedometers in increasing PA and enjoyment, and the effectiveness of the IMI alone in changing different theoretical constructs related to the PA behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Miragall
- a Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment , University of Valencia , Spain.,b PROMOSAM Excellence in Research Program (PSI2014-56303-REDT), MINECO , Spain
| | - Alejandro Domínguez-Rodríguez
- a Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment , University of Valencia , Spain.,b PROMOSAM Excellence in Research Program (PSI2014-56303-REDT), MINECO , Spain
| | - Jessica Navarro
- a Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment , University of Valencia , Spain.,b PROMOSAM Excellence in Research Program (PSI2014-56303-REDT), MINECO , Spain
| | - Ausiàs Cebolla
- a Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment , University of Valencia , Spain.,b PROMOSAM Excellence in Research Program (PSI2014-56303-REDT), MINECO , Spain.,c CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Carlos III , Spain
| | - Rosa M Baños
- a Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment , University of Valencia , Spain.,b PROMOSAM Excellence in Research Program (PSI2014-56303-REDT), MINECO , Spain.,c CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Carlos III , Spain
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Mensorio MS, Cebolla A, Lisón JF, Rodilla E, Palomar G, Miragall M, Baños RM. Emotional eating as a mediator between anxiety and cholesterol in population with overweight and hypertension. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2016; 22:911-918. [PMID: 28010121 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2016.1271134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Although the relationship between cholesterol and mood states (especially anxiety) has been well studied, few researches have included the role of eating styles in this relationship. This study explored the associations among eating styles, negative emotional symptoms, and levels of cholesterol (and other medical variables) in a population with hypertension and overweight or obesity, analyzing the possible mediation mechanisms involved. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 68 adults with hypertension and overweight/obesity, and stepwise multiple regression analysis and mediation analyses were carried out to test the hypothesis that eating styles mediate the relationship between negative emotional symptoms and cholesterol. Several significant correlations among age, anthropometric, medical, and psychological variables (eating styles and negative emotional symptoms) were found. There was a significant indirect effect of anxiety on total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol through emotional eating. Results suggest that emotional eating has a relevant role in the rise in total and LDL cholesterol, acting as a mediator in the relationship between anxiety and cholesterol. This finding could have important implications, since it introduces a new variable in the relationship between emotions and cholesterol and, therefore, changes the way of understanding this relationship, and of treating high cholesterol in a hypertensive sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinna S Mensorio
- a Facultad de Psicología , Universitat de València , Valencia , Spain.,b CAPES Foundation , Brasilia , Brazil
| | - Ausiàs Cebolla
- a Facultad de Psicología , Universitat de València , Valencia , Spain.,c CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03) , Instituto Carlos III , Madrid , Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Lisón
- d Departamento de Medicina , Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera , Valencia , Spain
| | - Enrique Rodilla
- d Departamento de Medicina , Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera , Valencia , Spain.,e Hypertension and Vascular Risk Unit , Hospital de Sagunto , Sagunto , Spain
| | | | - Marta Miragall
- a Facultad de Psicología , Universitat de València , Valencia , Spain
| | - Rosa Maria Baños
- a Facultad de Psicología , Universitat de València , Valencia , Spain.,c CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03) , Instituto Carlos III , Madrid , Spain
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Miragall M, Baños RM, Cebolla A, Botella C. Working alliance inventory applied to virtual and augmented reality (WAI-VAR): psychometrics and therapeutic outcomes. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1531. [PMID: 26500589 PMCID: PMC4597032 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the psychometric properties of the Working Alliance Inventory-Short (WAI-S) adaptation to Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) therapies (WAI-VAR). The relationship between the therapeutic alliance (TA) with VR and AR and clinically significant change (CSC) is also explored. Seventy-five patients took part in this study (74.7% women, M age = 34.41). Fear of flying and adjustment disorder patients received VR therapy, and cockroach phobia patients received AR therapy. Psychometric properties, CSC, one-way ANOVA, Spearman's Correlations and Multiple Regression were calculated. The WAI-VAR showed a unidimensional structure, high internal consistency and adequate convergent validity. "Not changed" patients scored lower on the WAI-VAR than "improved" and "recovered" patients. Correlation between the WAI-VAR and CSC was moderate. The best fitting model for predicting CSC was a linear combination of the TA with therapist (WAI-S) and the TA with VR and AR (WAI-VAR), due to the latter variable slightly increased the percentage of variability accounted for in CSC. The WAI-VAR is the first validated instrument to measure the TA with VR and AR in research and clinical practice. This study reveals the importance of the quality of the TA with technologies in achieving positive outcomes in the therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Miragall
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, University of ValenciaValencia, Spain
- PROMOSAM Excellence in Research Program, Ministry of Economy and CompetitivenessValencia, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Baños
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, University of ValenciaValencia, Spain
- PROMOSAM Excellence in Research Program, Ministry of Economy and CompetitivenessValencia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIISantiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ausiàs Cebolla
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, University of ValenciaValencia, Spain
- PROMOSAM Excellence in Research Program, Ministry of Economy and CompetitivenessValencia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIISantiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cristina Botella
- PROMOSAM Excellence in Research Program, Ministry of Economy and CompetitivenessValencia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIISantiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Basic Psychology, Clinical and Psychobiology, Jaume I UniversityCastellón de la Plana, Spain
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Miragall M, Domínguez A, Cebolla A, Baños R. El uso de podómetros para incrementar la actividad física en población adulta: una revisión. Clínica y Salud 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clysa.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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