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Liu W, Yao Y, Liu X, Liu Y, Zhang GM. Neoadjuvant hormone therapy for patients with high-risk prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian J Androl 2021; 23:429-436. [PMID: 33586699 PMCID: PMC8269824 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_96_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the pathological outcomes and survival benefits of neoadjuvant hormone therapy (NHT) combined with radical prostatectomy (RP) and radiotherapy (RT) administered to patients with high-risk prostate cancer (HRPCa). We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for studies comparing NHT plus RP or RT with RP or RT alone, administered to patients with HRPCa. We used a random-effects model to compute risk estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and quantified heterogeneity using the I "2" statistic. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to identify potential sources of heterogeneity. We selected 16 studies. NHT before RP significantly decreased lymph node involvement (risk ratio [RR] = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.56-0.87) and increased the rates of pathological downstaging (RR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.22-5.61) and organ-confinement (RR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.54-3.25), but did not improve overall survival and biochemical progression-free survival (bPFS). The administration of NHT before RT to patients with HRPCa was associated with significant benefits for cancer-specific survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.39-0.68), disease-free survival (HR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.44-0.60), and bPFS (HR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.46-0.64). Short-term NHT combined with RT administered to patients with HRPCa conferred significant improvements. Although the advantage of local control was observed when NHT was administered before RP, there was no significant survival benefit associated with HRPCa. Therefore, short-term NHT combined with RT is recommended for implementation in standard clinical practice but not for patients who undergo RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yu Yao
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Gui-Ming Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
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Enokida H, Yamada Y, Tatarano S, Yoshino H, Yonemori M, Sakaguchi T, Nishimura H, Eura R, Nakagawa M. Oncological outcome of neoadjuvant low-dose estramustine plus LHRH agonist/antagonist followed by extended radical prostatectomy for Japanese patients with high-risk localized prostate cancer: a prospective single-arm study. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2020; 50:66-72. [PMID: 31665352 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyz138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with advanced high-risk prostate cancer (PCa) are prone to have worse pathological diagnoses of positive surgical margins and/or lymph node invasion, resulting in early biochemical recurrence (BCR) despite having undergone radical prostatectomy (RP). Therefore, it is controversial whether patients with high-risk PCa should undergo RP. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy (NAC) followed by "extended" RP. METHODS A total of 87 patients with high-risk PCa prospectively underwent extended RP after NAC; most of the patients underwent 6 months of estramustine phosphate (EMP) 140 mg twice daily, along with a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist/antagonist. We developed our surgical technique to reduce the rate of positive surgical margins. We aimed to approach the muscle layer of the rectum by dissecting the mesorectal fascia and continuing the dissection through the mesorectum until the muscle layer of the rectum was exposed. RESULTS More than 1 year had elapsed after surgery in all 86 patients, with a median follow-up period of 37.7 months. The 3-year BCR-free survival was 74.9%. Multivariate Cox-regression analysis revealed that a positive core ratio of 50% or greater and pathological stage of pT3 or greater were independent predictors for BCR. About 17 of 23 cases received salvage androgen deprivation therapy and concurrent external beam radiotherapy, and showed no progression after the salvage therapies. CONCLUSIONS NAC concordant with extended RP is feasible and might provide good cancer control for patients with high-risk PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Enokida
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Yamada
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shuichi Tatarano
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yoshino
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masaya Yonemori
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakaguchi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nishimura
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Rumiko Eura
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nakagawa
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Abstract
The majority of patients with prostate cancer who later develop lethal metastatic disease have high-risk localized disease at presentation, emphasizing the importance of effective treatment strategies at this stage. Multimodal treatment approaches that combine systemic and local therapies offer a promising strategy for improving the clinical outcomes of patients with high-risk localized prostate cancer. Combinations of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, or chemohormonal therapy are considered to be the standard of care in most solid tumours and should be investigated in the future for the treatment of prostate cancer to improve patient outcomes. However, although the combination of androgen deprivation therapy and radiotherapy is a standard of care in high-risk localized or locally advanced prostate cancer, the benefit of chemotherapy or chemohormonal therapy has yet to be demonstrated outside of the metastatic setting. Moreover, the benefit of neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant systemic therapies in combination with radical prostatectomy has not been proved. The development of next-generation hormonal agents, which have been approved for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer, offers further therapeutic possibilities that are being assessed in early-phase clinical trials.
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Tatsugami K, Yoshioka K, Shiroki R, Eto M, Yoshino Y, Tozawa K, Fukasawa S, Fujisawa M, Takenaka A, Nasu Y, Kashiwagi A, Gotoh M, Terachi T. Reality of nerve sparing and surgical margins in surgeons’ early experience with robot-assisted radical prostatectomy in Japan. Int J Urol 2017; 24:191-196. [DOI: 10.1111/iju.13281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Tatsugami
- Department of Urology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | | | - Ryoichi Shiroki
- Department of Urology; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Aichi Japan
| | - Masatoshi Eto
- Department of Urology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Yasushi Yoshino
- Department of Urology; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Aichi Japan
| | - Keiichi Tozawa
- Department of Nephro-Urology; Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Aichi Japan
| | | | - Masato Fujisawa
- Division of Urology; Department of Surgery Related; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Hyogo Japan
| | - Atsushi Takenaka
- Division of Urology; Department of Surgery; Tottori University Faculty of Medicine; Tottori Japan
| | - Yasutomo Nasu
- Department of Urology; Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Okayama Japan
| | - Akira Kashiwagi
- Department of Urology; Teine Keijinkai Medical Center; Hokkaido Japan
| | - Momokazu Gotoh
- Department of Urology; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Aichi Japan
| | - Toshiro Terachi
- Department of Urology; Tokai University School of Medicine; Kanagawa Japan
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Abstract
Focal therapy (FT) represents a potential shift in clinical practice by featuring a tissue-sparing approach for prostate cancer (PCa) treatment. It stands midway between active surveillance (AS) and more aggressive options like radical prostatectomy (RP) or radiotherapy. The field has enormously evolved in the last few years but there are still pending questions to answer in the future. The manuscript overlooks FT in terms of indications, available energies, situation of tumor microenvironment, follow-up, re-interventions, and the future of this approach for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Cathelineau
- Department of Urology, L'Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, 42, Bd Jourdan, 75674, Paris Cedex 14, France.
| | - Rafael Sanchez-Salas
- Department of Urology, L'Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, 42, Bd Jourdan, 75674, Paris Cedex 14, France
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Wang YJ, Huang CY, Hou WH, Wang CC, Lan KH, Chen CH, Yu HJ, Lai MK, Cheng AL, Liu SP, Pu YS, Cheng JCH. The outcome and prognostic factors for lymph node recurrence after node-sparing definitive external beam radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2015; 13:312. [PMID: 26545980 PMCID: PMC4636763 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-015-0721-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prognostic factors for the recurrence of lymph node (LN) metastasis after dose-escalated radiotherapy (RT) in prostate cancer patients have not been well investigated. We report the prognostic factors and outcomes in patients receiving salvage treatment for LN recurrence after high-dose intensity-modulated RT (IMRT). Methods We studied a cohort of 419 patients with localized prostate adenocarcinoma undergoing definitive IMRT (78 Gy). LN recurrence was diagnosed by size criteria using computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging, or abnormal uptake of 18F-fluorocholine by LNs on positron emission tomography/CT. Overall survival and LN recurrence-free survival (LNRFS) were calculated, and prognostic factors were evaluated. Results With a median follow-up of 60 months, 18 patients (4.3 %) had LN recurrence and a significantly lower 5-year overall survival rate (60 vs. 90 %, p = 0.003). Univariate analysis showed that T3/T4 stage (p = 0.003), Gleason score >7 (p < 0.001), and estimated risk of pelvic LN involvement of >30 % by the Roach formula (p = 0.029) were associated with significantly lower LNRFS. On multivariate analysis, high Gleason score (hazard ratio = 5.99, p = 0.007) was the only independent factor. The 1/2-year overall survivals after LN recurrence were 67/54 %. Patients with isolated LN recurrence (p = 0.003), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) doubling time >5 months (p = 0.009), interval between PSA nadir and biochemical failure >12 months (p = 0.035), and PSA <10 ng/ml at LN recurrence (p = 0.003) had significantly better survival. Patients with isolated LN recurrence had significantly better survival when treated with combined RT and hormones than when treated with hormones alone (p = 0.011). Conclusions Gleason score of >7 may predict LN recurrence in prostate cancer patients treated with definitive IMRT. Small number of patients limits the extrapolation of this risk with the primary treatment strategy. Combined RT and hormones may prolong survival in patients with isolated LN recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jen Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Chao-Yuan Huang
- Departments of Urology, College of Medicine and Hospital, National Taiwan University, No. 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Hsien Hou
- Division of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine and Hospital, National Taiwan University, No. 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Chun Wang
- Division of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine and Hospital, National Taiwan University, No. 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Keng-Hsueh Lan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine and Hospital, National Taiwan University, No. 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Hsin Chen
- Departments of Urology, College of Medicine and Hospital, National Taiwan University, No. 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Hong-Jen Yu
- Departments of Urology, College of Medicine and Hospital, National Taiwan University, No. 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Kuen Lai
- Departments of Urology, College of Medicine and Hospital, National Taiwan University, No. 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Ann-Lii Cheng
- Departments of Oncology, College of Medicine and Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institutes of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Shihh-Ping Liu
- Departments of Urology, College of Medicine and Hospital, National Taiwan University, No. 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Yeong-Shiau Pu
- Departments of Urology, College of Medicine and Hospital, National Taiwan University, No. 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Jason Chia-Hsien Cheng
- Division of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine and Hospital, National Taiwan University, No. 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institutes of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Froehner M, Propping S, Koch R, Borkowetz A, Liebeheim D, Toma M, Baretton GB, Wirth MP. Is the Post-Radical Prostatectomy Gleason Score a Valid Predictor of Mortality after Neoadjuvant Hormonal Treatment? Urol Int 2015; 96:302-8. [PMID: 26440292 DOI: 10.1159/000440729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the validity of the Gleason score after neoadjuvant hormonal treatment as predictor of disease-specific mortality after radical prostatectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 2,880 patients with a complete data set and a mean follow-up of 10.3 years were studied; 425 of them (15%) had a history of hormonal treatment prior to surgery. The cumulative incidence of deaths from prostate cancer was determined by univariate and multivariate competing risk analysis. Cox proportional hazard models for competing risks were used to study combined effects of the variables on prostate cancer-specific mortality. RESULTS A higher portion of specimens with a history of neoadjuvant hormonal treatment were assigned Gleason scores of 8-10 (28 vs. 17%, p < 0.0001). The mortality curves in the Gleason score strata <8 vs. 8-10 were at large congruent in patients with and without neoadjuvant hormonal treatment. In patients with neoadjuvant hormonal treatment, a Gleason score of 8-10 was an independent predictor of prostate cancer-specific mortality; the hazard ratio was, however, somewhat lower than in patients without neoadjuvant hormonal treatment. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the prognostic value of the post-radical prostatectomy Gleason score is not meaningfully jeopardized by heterogeneous neoadjuvant hormonal treatment in a routine clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Froehner
- Department of Urology, Medical Statistics, University Hospital x2018;Carl Gustav Carus', Technische Universitx00E4;t Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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