1
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Kleo K, Jovanovic VM, Arndold A, Lehmann A, Lammert H, Berg E, Harloff H, Treese C, Hummel M, Daum S. Response prediction in patients with gastric and esophagogastric adenocarcinoma under neoadjuvant chemotherapy using targeted gene expression analysis and next-generation sequencing in pre-therapeutic biopsies. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:1049-1061. [PMID: 35246724 PMCID: PMC9984352 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-03944-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Perioperative chemo-(radio-) therapy is the accepted standard in European patients with locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction or stomach (AEG/AS). However, 30-85% of patients do not respond to this treatment. The aim of our study was the identification of predictive biomarkers in pre-therapeutic endoscopic tumor biopsies from patients with histopathologic response (Becker-1) versus non-response (Becker-2/3) to preoperative chemotherapy. METHODS Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsies from 36 Caucasian patients (Becker-1 n = 11, Becker-2 n = 7, Becker-3 n = 18) with AEG/AS, taken prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy were selected. For RNA expression analysis, we employed the NanoString nCounter System. To identify genomic alterations like single nucleotide variants (SNV), copy number variation (CNV) and fusion events, we used Illumina TST170 gene panel. For HER2 and FGFR2 protein expression, immunostaining was performed. Furthermore, we analyzed the microsatellite instability (MSI) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection status by EBER in situ hybridization. RESULTS Heat map and principal component analyses showed no clustering by means of gene expression according to regression grade. Concerning two recently proposed predictive markers, our data showed equal distribution for MSI (Becker-1: 2; Becker-2: 1; Becker-3: 3; out of 29 tested) and EBV infection was rare (1/32). We could not reveal discriminating target genes concerning SNV, but found a higher mutational burden in non-responders versus responders and fusion (in 6/14) and CNV events (in 5/14) exclusively in Becker-3. CONCLUSIONS Although we could not identify discriminating target genes, our data suggest that molecular alterations are in general more prevalent in patients with AEG/AS belonging to the non-responding Becker group 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Kleo
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vladimir M Jovanovic
- Institute of Informatics, Bioinformatics Solution Center, Freie Universität (FU), Takustr. 9, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Arndold
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Lehmann
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hedwig Lammert
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Erika Berg
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hannah Harloff
- Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Treese
- Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité University Medicine, Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Chariteplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Core Facility Genomics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Hummel
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Severin Daum
- Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany.
- Core Facility Genomics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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Moes-Sosnowska J, Skupinska M, Lechowicz U, Szczepulska-Wojcik E, Skronska P, Rozy A, Stepniewska A, Langfort R, Rudzinski P, Orlowski T, Popiel D, Stanczak A, Wieczorek M, Chorostowska-Wynimko J. FGFR1-4 RNA-Based Gene Alteration and Expression Analysis in Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810506. [PMID: 36142417 PMCID: PMC9505002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) are involved in several biological pathways and FGFR inhibitors may be useful in the treatment of squamous non-small cell lung cancer (Sq-NSCLC), FGFR aberrations are not well characterized in Sq-NSCLC. We comprehensively evaluated FGFR expression, fusions, and variants in 40 fresh-frozen primary Sq-NSCLC (stage IA3−IV) samples and tumor-adjacent normal tissues using real-time PCR and next-generation sequencing (NGS). Protein expression of FGFR1−3 and amplification of FGFR1 were also analyzed. FGFR1 and FGFR4 median gene expression was significantly (p < 0.001) decreased in tumors compared with normal tissue. Increased FGFR3 expression enhanced the recurrence risk (hazard ratio 4.72, p = 0.029), while high FGFR4 expression was associated with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.036). Enhanced FGFR1 gene expression was correlated with FGFR1 protein overexpression (r = 0.75, p = 0.0003), but not with FGFR1 amplification. NGS revealed known pathogenic FGFR2,3 variants, an FGFR3::TACC3 fusion, and a novel TACC1::FGFR1 fusion together with FGFR1,2 variants of uncertain significance not previously reported in Sq-NSCLC. These findings expand our knowledge of the Sq-NSCLC molecular background and show that combining different methods increases the rate of FGFR aberrations detection, which may improve patient selection for FGFRi treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Moes-Sosnowska
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland or
| | - Monika Skupinska
- Preclinical Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A, Research & Development Centre, 05-152 Kazun Nowy, Poland
| | - Urszula Lechowicz
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland or
| | - Ewa Szczepulska-Wojcik
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Skronska
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland or
| | - Adriana Rozy
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland or
| | - Aneta Stepniewska
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland or
| | - Renata Langfort
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Rudzinski
- Department of Surgery, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Orlowski
- Department of Surgery, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Delfina Popiel
- Preclinical Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A, Research & Development Centre, 05-152 Kazun Nowy, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Stanczak
- Clinical Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Research & Development Centre, 05-152 Kazun Nowy, Poland
| | - Maciej Wieczorek
- Preclinical Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A, Research & Development Centre, 05-152 Kazun Nowy, Poland
- Clinical Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Research & Development Centre, 05-152 Kazun Nowy, Poland
| | - Joanna Chorostowska-Wynimko
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland or
- Correspondence: or
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3
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Zhang X, Soutto M, Chen Z, Bhat N, Zhu S, Eissmann MF, Ernst M, Lu H, Peng D, Xu Z, El-Rifai W. Induction of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4 by Helicobacter pylori via Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 With a Feedforward Activation Loop Involving SRC Signaling in Gastric Cancer. Gastroenterology 2022; 163:620-636.e9. [PMID: 35588797 PMCID: PMC9629135 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection is the main risk factor for gastric cancer. The role of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGRFs) in H pylori-mediated gastric tumorigenesis remains largely unknown. This study investigated the molecular and mechanistic links between H pylori, inflammation, and FGFR4 in gastric cancer. METHODS Cell lines, human and mouse gastric tissue samples, and gastric organoids models were implemented. Infection with H pylori was performed using in vitro and in vivo models. Western blot, real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and luciferase reporter assays were used for molecular, mechanistic, and functional studies. RESULTS Analysis of FGFR family members using The Cancer Genome Atlas data, followed by validation, indicated that FGFR4 messenger (m)RNA was the most significantly overexpressed member in human gastric cancer tissue samples (P < .001). We also detected high levels of Fgfr4 mRNA and protein in gastric dysplasia and adenocarcinoma lesions in mouse models. Infection with J166, 7.13, and PMSS1 cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA)+ H pylori strains induced FGFR4 mRNA and protein expression in in vitro and in vivo models. This was associated with a concordant activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Analysis of the FGFR4 promoter suggested several putative binding sites for STAT3. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and an FGFR-promoter luciferase reporter containing putative STAT3 binding sites and their mutants, we confirmed a direct functional binding of STAT3 on the FGFR4 promoter. Mechanistically, we also discovered a feedforward activation loop between FGFR4 and STAT3 where the fibroblast growth factor 19–FGFR4 axis played an essential role in activating STAT3 in a SRC proto-oncogene non-receptor tyrosine kinase dependent manner. Functionally, we found that FGFR4 protected against H pylori-induced DNA damage and cell death. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated a link between infection, inflammation, and FGFR4 activation, where a feedforward activation loop between FGFR4 and STAT3 is established via SRC proto-oncogene non-receptor tyrosine kinase in response to H pylori infection. Given the relevance of FGFR4 to the etiology and biology of gastric cancer, we propose FGFR4 as a druggable molecular vulnerability that can be tested in patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mohammed Soutto
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Nadeem Bhat
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Shoumin Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Moritz F Eissmann
- Cancer and Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Cancer and Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Heng Lu
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Dunfa Peng
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Zekuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami Healthcare System, Miami, Florida; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
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4
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Li H, Fu X, Zhao J, Li C, Li L, Xia P, Guo J, Wei W, Zeng R, Wu J, Sun Y, Huang L, Wang X. EXOC4 Promotes Diffuse-Type Gastric Cancer Metastasis via Activating FAK Signal. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:1021-1034. [PMID: 35471457 PMCID: PMC9381130 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In comparison with intestinal-type gastric cancer, diffuse-type gastric cancer (DGC) is more likely to recur, metastasize, and exhibit worse clinical outcomes; however, the underlying mechanism of DGC recurrence remains elusive. By employing an LC/MS-MS proteomic approach, we identified that exocyst complex component 4 (EXOC4) was significantly upregulated in DGC with recurrence, compared to those with nonrecurrence. High expression of EXOC4 was correlated with tumor metastasis and poor prognosis in patients with DGC. Moreover, EXOC4 promoted cell migration and invasion as well as the tumor metastasis of DGC cells. Mechanistically, EXOC4 regulated the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) at Y397 sites by stimulating the secretion of integrin α5/β1/EGF and enhancing the interaction of FAK and integrin or EGFR. The FAK inhibitor VS-4718 reversed the metastasis mediated by EXOC4 overexpression and suppressed the tumor growth of patient-derived xenografts derived from DGC with high EXOC4 expression. The EXOC4-FAK axis could be a potential therapeutic target for patients with DGC with high expression of EXOC4. IMPLICATIONS The EXOC4-FAK axis promoted DGC metastasis and could be a potential therapeutic target for patients with DGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, General Surgery Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuhong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, General Surgery Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingmeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiyan Xia
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiaotong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianping Guo
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rong Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Corresponding Authors: Xuefei Wang, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China. Phone: 216-404-1990; Fax: 216-403-7224; E-mail: ; Jiarui Wu, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China. Phone: 212-030-5000; Fax: 212-032-5034; E-mail: ; Yihong Sun, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China. Phone: 216-404-1990; Fax: 216-403-7269; E-mail: ; and Liyu Huang, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China. Phone: 213-420-7042; E-mail:
| | - Yihong Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, General Surgery Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Corresponding Authors: Xuefei Wang, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China. Phone: 216-404-1990; Fax: 216-403-7224; E-mail: ; Jiarui Wu, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China. Phone: 212-030-5000; Fax: 212-032-5034; E-mail: ; Yihong Sun, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China. Phone: 216-404-1990; Fax: 216-403-7269; E-mail: ; and Liyu Huang, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China. Phone: 213-420-7042; E-mail:
| | - Liyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Corresponding Authors: Xuefei Wang, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China. Phone: 216-404-1990; Fax: 216-403-7224; E-mail: ; Jiarui Wu, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China. Phone: 212-030-5000; Fax: 212-032-5034; E-mail: ; Yihong Sun, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China. Phone: 216-404-1990; Fax: 216-403-7269; E-mail: ; and Liyu Huang, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China. Phone: 213-420-7042; E-mail:
| | - Xuefei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, General Surgery Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Corresponding Authors: Xuefei Wang, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China. Phone: 216-404-1990; Fax: 216-403-7224; E-mail: ; Jiarui Wu, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China. Phone: 212-030-5000; Fax: 212-032-5034; E-mail: ; Yihong Sun, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China. Phone: 216-404-1990; Fax: 216-403-7269; E-mail: ; and Liyu Huang, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China. Phone: 213-420-7042; E-mail:
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Schrumpf T, Behrens HM, Haag J, Krüger S, Röcken C. FGFR2 overexpression and compromised survival in diffuse-type gastric cancer in a large central European cohort. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264011. [PMID: 35167603 PMCID: PMC8846517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The significance of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) in gastric cancer (GC) has been studied predominantly in Asian patient cohorts. Data on White patients are scarce. Here, we aimed to independently validate the expression and putative tumor biological significance of FGFR2 in a large non-Asian GC cohort. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on large-area tissue sections from 493 patients with GC and evaluated using the HScore. GCs with moderate and strong FGFR2 expression were studied for Fgfr2 amplification using chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH). Median overall survival was determined using the Kaplan–Meier method. The majority [240 (99.1%)] of FGFR2-positive GCs showed a variable combination of staining intensities with marked intratumoral heterogeneity, including weak [198 (40.2%) cases], moderate [145 (29.4%)], and strong [108 (21.9%)] staining in diverse combinations. 250 (50.9%) GCs expressed no FGFR2. Fgfr2 gene amplification was found in 40% of selected cases with high protein expression and was also heterogeneous at the cell level. FGFR2 protein expression did not correlate with patient survival in the entire cohort However, using different cutoff values, a negative correlation between FGFR2-expression and patient outcome was found for diffuse-type GC. FGFR2 expression was associated with a lower tumor grade and intestinal phenotype (p≤0.0001). FGFR2–positive diffuse-type GCs classify a small subset of patients with a poor tumor specific survival (5.29±1.3 vs. 14.67±1.9 months; p = 0.004).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorben Schrumpf
- Dept. of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hans-Michael Behrens
- Dept. of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jochen Haag
- Dept. of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sandra Krüger
- Dept. of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Röcken
- Dept. of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Solini A, Cobuccio L, Rossi C, Parolini F, Biancalana E, Cosio S, Chiarugi M, Gadducci A. Molecular Characterization of Peritoneal Involvement in Primary Colon and Ovary Neoplasm: The Possible Clinical Meaning of the P2X7 Receptor-Inflammasome Complex. Eur Surg Res 2021; 63:114-122. [PMID: 34758468 DOI: 10.1159/000519690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colon cancer (CC) and epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) are common and severe neoplasms frequently sharing a massive inflammatory involvement of peritoneum. A detailed molecular characterization of such carcinomatosis has not been performed, so far. METHODS Omental adipocytes were isolated from thirty-three adult women who underwent primary surgery for CC or EOC. Expression of several pro-inflammatory genes was determined by real-time PCR and immunofluorescence. Data were related to the clinical phenotype of the patients. RESULTS CD68, FGFR1, and IL-6 were significantly more expressed in adipocytes from CC patients and VEGF in adipocytes from EOC. TNFα, TGFβ, or MCP-1, as well as the pro-inflammatory platform P2X7R-NLRP3, did not differ between the 2 cancers. White blood cell count, mirroring systemic inflammation, was related to adipocyte P2X7R (R = 0.508, p = 0.003), NLRP3 (R = 0.405; p = 0.02), and MCP-1 (R = 0.448; p = 0.009). P2X7R and NLRP3 were the only inflammatory factors significantly more expressed in patients carrying both omental and peritoneal carcinosis, who were also characterized by a higher leukocytosis. None of the tested inflammatory markers was associated with tumor grading for both neoplasms; however, the presence of metastases was associated with a higher adipocyte expression of FGFR1 and TGFβ. CONCLUSION We show here that rarely measured molecules seem to specifically characterize omental carcinomatosis of CC or EOC, while more common inflammatory agents like TNFα, TGFβ, or MCP-1 do not; the P2X7R-NLRP3 complex marks omental and peritoneal carcinosis and is related to circulating white blood cells and MCP-1, involved in monocyte-macrophage tissue infiltration; increased TGFβ and FGFR1 characterize the tumoral dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Solini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luigi Cobuccio
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Rossi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Parolini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Edoardo Biancalana
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Cosio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Chiarugi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angiolo Gadducci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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7
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Ooki A, Yamaguchi K. The beginning of the era of precision medicine for gastric cancer with fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 aberration. Gastric Cancer 2021; 24:1169-1183. [PMID: 34398359 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-021-01235-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the systemic treatment of metastatic gastric cancer (GC), prognostic outcomes remain poor. Considerable research effort has been invested in characterizing the genomic landscape of GC and identifying potential therapeutic targets. FGFR2 is one of the most attractive targets because aberrations in this gene are frequently associated with GC, particularly the diffuse type in Lauren's classification, which confers an unfavorable prognosis. Based on the preclinical data, the FGFR2 signaling pathway plays a key role in the development and progression of GC, and several FGFR inhibitors have been clinically assessed. However, the lack of robust treatment efficacy has hampered precision medicine for patients with FGFR2-aberrant GC. Recently, the clinical benefits of the FGFR2-IIIb-selective monoclonal antibody bemarituzumab for FGFR2b-positive GC patients were shown in a randomized phase II FIGHT trial of bemarituzumab combined with the first-line chemotherapy. This trial demonstrates proof of concept, suggesting that FGFR2 is a relevant therapeutic target for patients with FGFR2b-positive GC and that bemarituzumab brings new hope for diffuse-type GC patients. In this review, we summarize the oncogenic roles of FGFR2 signaling and highlight the most recent advances in FGFR inhibitors based on the findings of pivotal clinical trials for patients with FGFR2-aberrant GC. Thus, the era of precision medicine for patients with FGFR2-aberrant GC will be opened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ooki
- Department of Gastroenterological Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan.
| | - Kensei Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
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8
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Chandana SR, Babiker HM, Mahadevan D. Clinical complexity of utilizing FGFR inhibitors in cancer therapeutics. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 29:1413-1429. [PMID: 33074030 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1838484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR 1-4) are a highly conserved family of receptor tyrosine kinases, involved in several physiological processes. Genetic aberrations of FGFRs and their ligands, fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are involved in several pathological processes including cancer. The FGF-FGFR axis has emerged as a treatment target in oncology. Because these aberrations drive cancer progression, the development of FGFR targeted therapies have been accelerated. AREAS COVERED In this comprehensive review, we evaluate molecular pathology and targeted therapies to FGFRs. We reviewed the evidence for safety and efficacy from preclinical and clinical studies (phase I-III) of FGFR targeted therapies. We also discuss potential challenges in bringing these targeted therapies from bench to bedside and the potential opportunities. EXPERT OPINION Despite the challenges of the clinical development of FGFR targeted therapies, two FGFR small-molecule inhibitors, namely Erdafitinib and Pemigatinib, are FDA approved for urothelial cancer and cholangiocarcinoma, respectively. Understanding and detection of FGFR genomic aberrations, protein overexpression and the development of isoform-specific inhibitors are factors in the clinical success of these therapies. An enhanced understanding of patient selection based on a gene signatures or biomarkers is key to success of FGFR targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreenivasa R Chandana
- Phase I Program, START Midwest , Grand Rapids, MI, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer and Hematology Centers of Western Michigan , Grand Rapids, MI, USA.,Department of Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Hani M Babiker
- Early Phase Clinical Trials Program, University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Daruka Mahadevan
- Early Phase Clinical Trials Program, University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ, USA.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio , San Antonio, TX, USA
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9
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Wei W, Cao S, Liu J, Wang Y, Song Q, A L, Sun S, Zhang X, Liang X, Jiang Y. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 as a prognostic indicator in triple-negative breast cancer. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:6881-6888. [PMID: 35117296 PMCID: PMC8797274 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-1756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) constitutes up to 15% of all breast cancers. It is one of the most aggressive breast cancers and is more prone to metastasize compared with other subtypes. Breast cancer patients with this subtype usually have a poor prognosis. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) belongs to the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family, and early analyses identified that FGFR4 was involved in breast cancer. However, the prognostic effect of FGFR4 on TNBC is unknown. In the present study, we investigated the association between FGFR4 and TNBC prognosis. Methods A total of 282 TNBC patients were enrolled. FGFR4 protein expression was detected in these 282 TNBC patients using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results In the present study, FGFR4 was highly expressed in TNBC patients. Lymph node metastasis (LNM) (P=0.033) and p53 status (P=0.019) were associated with high FGFR4 expression. Univariate analysis identified high FGFR4 expression (P=0.016) as a prognostic predictor, and multivariate analysis found that high FGFR4 expression (P=0.016) was an independent prognostic factor. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that high FGFR4 protein expression was correlated with poorer overall survival (OS). Conclusions The results of our present study show that FGFR4 protein expression is correlated with a worse prognosis in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiyu Cao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuhang Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Quanfu Song
- Department of Oncology, Altay District People's Hospital, Altay, China
| | - Leha A
- Department of Oncology, Altay District People's Hospital, Altay, China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xianyu Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoshuan Liang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yongdong Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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10
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Chen Q, Zhu M, Xie J, Dong Z, Khushafah F, Yun D, Fu W, Wang L, Wei T, Liu Z, Qiu P, Wu J, Li W. Design and Synthesis of Novel Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid (NDGA) Analogues as Potential FGFR1 Kinase Inhibitors With Anti-Gastric Activity and Chemosensitizing Effect. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:518068. [PMID: 33041789 PMCID: PMC7517944 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.518068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (FGFR1), a key driver promoting gastric cancer (GC) progression and chemo-resistance, has been increasingly recognized as a potential therapeutic target in GC. Hereon, we designed and synthesized a series of asymmetric analogues using Af23 and NDGA as lead compounds by retaining the basic structural framework (bisaryl-1,4-dien-3-one) and the unilateral active functional groups (3,4-dihydroxyl). Thereinto, Y14 showed considerable inhibitory activity against FGFR1. Next, pharmacological experiments showed that Y14 could significantly inhibit the phosphorylation of FGFR1 and its downstream kinase AKT and ERK, thus inhibiting the growth, survival, and migration of gastric cancer cells. Furthermore, compared with 5-FU treatment alone, the combination of Y14 and 5-FU significantly reduced the phosphorylation level of FGFR1, and enhanced the anti-cancer effect by inhibiting the viability and colony formation in two gastric cancer cell lines. These results confirmed that Y14 exerted anti-gastric activity and chemosensitizing effect by inhibiting FGFR1 phosphorylation and its downstream signaling pathway in vitro. This work also provides evidence that Y14, an effective FGFR1 inhibitor, could be used alone or in combination with chemotherapy to treat gastric cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Chemical Biology Research Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Xie
- Chemical Biology Research Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhaojun Dong
- Chemical Biology Research Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fatehi Khushafah
- Chemical Biology Research Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Di Yun
- Chemical Biology Research Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weitao Fu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ledan Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tao Wei
- Chemical Biology Research Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Peihong Qiu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianzhang Wu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wulan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Chemical Biology Research Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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11
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Elakad O, Lois AM, Schmitz K, Yao S, Hugo S, Lukat L, Hinterthaner M, Danner BC, von Hammerstein-Equord A, Reuter-Jessen K, Schildhaus HU, Ströbel P, Bohnenberger H. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 gene amplification and protein expression in human lung cancer. Cancer Med 2020; 9:3574-3583. [PMID: 32207251 PMCID: PMC7288860 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeting fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) is a potential treatment for squamous cell lung cancer (SQCLC). So far, treatment decision in clinical studies is based on gene amplification. However, only a minority of patients have shown durable response. Furthermore, former studies have revealed contrasting results regarding the impact of FGFR1 amplification and expression on patient's prognosis. AIMS Here, we analyzed prevalence and correlation of FGFR1 gene amplification and protein expression in human lung cancer and their impact on overall survival. MATERIALS & METHODS: FGFR1 gene amplification and protein expression were analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 208 SQCLC and 45 small cell lung cancers (SCLC). Furthermore, FGFR1 protein expression was analyzed in 121 pulmonary adenocarcinomas (ACs). Amplification and expression were correlated to each other, clinicopathological characteristics, and overall survival. RESULTS FGFR1 was amplified in 23% of SQCLC and 8% of SCLC. Amplification was correlated to males (P = .027) but not to overall survival. Specificity of immunostaining was verified by cellular CRISPR/Cas9 FGFR1 knockout. FGFR1 was strongly expressed in 9% of SQCLC, 35% of AC, and 4% of SCLC. Expression was correlated to females (P = .0187) and to the absence of lymph node metastasis in SQCLC (P = .018) with no significant correlation to overall survival. Interestingly, no significant correlation between amplification and expression was detected. DISCUSSION FGFR1 gene amplification does not seem to correlate to protein expression. CONCLUSION We believe that patient selection for FGFR1 inhibitors in clinical studies should be reconsidered. Neither FGFR1 amplification nor expression influences patient's prognosis.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma of Lung/drug therapy
- Adenocarcinoma of Lung/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma of Lung/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma of Lung/pathology
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Female
- Gene Amplification
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/metabolism
- Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/drug therapy
- Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/genetics
- Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/metabolism
- Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Elakad
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Lois
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katja Schmitz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sha Yao
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sara Hugo
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Laura Lukat
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marc Hinterthaner
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard C Danner
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Philipp Ströbel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
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12
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Di YZ, Han BS, Di JM, Liu WY, Tang Q. Role of the brain-gut axis in gastrointestinal cancer. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:1554-1570. [PMID: 31367615 PMCID: PMC6658366 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i13.1554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have largely focused on the significant role of the nervous and immune systems in the process of tumorigenesis, including tumor growth, proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. The brain-gut-axis is a new paradigm in neuroscience, which describes the biochemical signaling between the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the central nervous system. This axis may play a critical role in the tumorigenesis and development of GI cancers. Mechanistically, the bidirectional signal transmission of the brain-gut-axis is complex and remains to be elucidated. In this article, we review the current findings concerning the relationship between the brain-gut axis and GI cancer cells, focusing on the significant role of the brain-gut axis in the processes of tumor proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, autophagy, and metastasis. It appears that the brain might modulate GI cancer by two pathways: the anatomical nerve pathway and the neuroendocrine route. The simulation and inactivation of the central nervous, sympathetic, and parasympathetic nervous systems, or changes in the innervation of the GI tract might contribute to a higher incidence of GI cancers. In addition, neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors can produce stimulatory or inhibitory effects in the progression of GI cancers. Insights into these mechanisms may lead to the discovery of potential prognostic and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Zi Di
- Department of General Surgery, Shiyan Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Bo-Sheng Han
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 443000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jun-Mao Di
- Department of General Surgery, Shiyan Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wei-Yan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shiyan Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qiang Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Shiyan Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China
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13
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Zhang J, Tang PMK, Zhou Y, Cheng ASL, Yu J, Kang W, To KF. Targeting the Oncogenic FGF-FGFR Axis in Gastric Carcinogenesis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060637. [PMID: 31242658 PMCID: PMC6627225 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most wide-spread malignancies in the world. The oncogenic role of signaling of fibroblast growing factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) in gastric tumorigenesis has been gradually elucidated by recent studies. The expression pattern and clinical correlations of FGF and FGFR family members have been comprehensively delineated. Among them, FGF18 and FGFR2 demonstrate the most prominent driving role in gastric tumorigenesis with gene amplification or somatic mutations and serve as prognostic biomarkers. FGF-FGFR promotes tumor progression by crosstalking with multiple oncogenic pathways and this provides a rational therapeutic strategy by co-targeting the crosstalks to achieve synergistic effects. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the pathogenic mechanisms of FGF-FGFR signaling in gastric adenocarcinoma together with the current targeted strategies in aberrant FGF-FGFR activated GC cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Zhang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Patrick M K Tang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yuhang Zhou
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Alfred S L Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ka Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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14
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Kim HS, Kim JH, Jang HJ, Han B, Zang DY. Pathological and Prognostic Impacts of FGFR2 Overexpression in Gastric Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. J Cancer 2019; 10:20-27. [PMID: 30662521 PMCID: PMC6329854 DOI: 10.7150/jca.28204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor-2 (FGFR2) protein expression by immunohistochemistry has been reported in up to 60% of patients with gastric cancer (GC). However, the clicopathological impacts of high FGFR2 expression have not been consistent among studies. We conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate the pathological and prognostic significance of FGFR2 overexpression in patients with GC. A systematic search of the electronic databases including PubMed, PMC, EMBASE, and Google Scholar was performed. From ten studies, 4,294 patients were included in the pooled analyses of odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for pathological features and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs for overall survival according to the FGFR2 expression status. Compared with tumors showing low FGFR2 expression, GCs with FGFR2 overexpression revealed deeper depth of invasion (pT3-4) (OR = 2.63, 95% CI: 1.70-4.06, p < 0.0001), higher rate of lymph node metastasis (OR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.31-2.67, p < 0.0001), and more advanced stage (III-IV) (OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.07-2.96, p = 0.03). In addition, patients with FGFR2-overexpressed GC showed significantly worse survival than those with FGFR2-low tumor (HR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.25-1.58, p < 0.00001). In conclusion, this meta-analysis indicates that FGFR2 overexpression is associated with poor pathological features and prognosis in patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Su Kim
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred-Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Han Kim
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred-Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Jang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dongtan Sacred-Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwasung, Republic of Korea
| | - Boram Han
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred-Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Zang
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred-Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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15
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Xie G, Ke Q, Ji YZ, Wang AQ, Jing M, Zou LL. FGFR1 is an independent prognostic factor and can be regulated by miR-497 in gastric cancer progression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 52:e7816. [PMID: 30484492 PMCID: PMC6262748 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20187816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) has been reported in gastric cancer to be a prognostic factor. However, miR-497-targeted FGFR1 has not been explored in the carcinogenesis of gastric cancer. The present study intended to revalidate the prognostic significance of FGFR1 in patients with gastric cancer, and the mechanism of miR-497-regulated FGFR1 was investigated in gastric cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis. The messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels were assayed by RT-qPCR and western blotting, respectively. The targeted genes were predicted by a bioinformatics algorithm and confirmed by a dual luciferase reporter assay. Cell proliferation was analyzed by CCK-8 assay. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining was used to evaluate the apoptosis in AGS and SGC-7901 cells. FGFR1 was frequently up-regulated in gastric cancer tissues and associated with poor overall survival in patients with gastric cancer. Interestingly, FGFR1 loss-of-function resulted in a significant growth inhibition and apoptosis in AGS and SGC-7901 cells. In addition, we found that miR-497 was inhibited in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines, while overexpression of miR-497 could suppress proliferation and induce apoptosis in AGS and SGC-7901 cells. Importantly, bioinformatics analysis and experimental data suggested that FGFR1 was a direct target of miR-497, which could inhibit FGFR1 expression when transfected with miR-497 mimics. Furthermore, we found that overexpression of FGFR1 reversed the growth inhibition and apoptosis of miR-497 mimics in AGS and SGC-7901 cells. These findings suggested that overexpression of miR-497 inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in gastric cancer through the suppression of FGFR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xie
- Department of Pathology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qi Ke
- Department of Pathology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yu Zu Ji
- Department of Pathology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, China
| | - An-Qun Wang
- Department of Pathology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Meng Jing
- Department of Pathology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li-Li Zou
- Department of Pathology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, China
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16
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Shimizu D, Saito T, Ito S, Masuda T, Kurashige J, Kuroda Y, Eguchi H, Kodera Y, Mimori K. Overexpression of FGFR1 Promotes Peritoneal Dissemination Via Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Gastric Cancer. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2018; 15:313-320. [PMID: 29976636 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritoneal dissemination (PD) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related mortality in gastric cancer (GC). We aimed to identify PD-associated genes and investigate their role in GC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified FGFR1 as a putative PD-associated gene using a bioinformatics approach. The biological significance of FGFR1 in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was evaluated according to the correlation with genes that participated in EMT and FGFR1 knockdown experiments. The associations between FGFR1 expression and the clinicopathological features were examined. RESULTS FGFR1 expression positively correlated with SNAI1, VIM and ZEB1 expression, and negatively correlated with CDH1 expression. Knockdown of FGFR1 suppressed the malignant phenotype of GC cells. High FGFR1 expression significantly correlated with the peritoneal lavage cytology and synchronous PD positivity as well as poor prognosis. CONCLUSION High FGFR1 expression was associated with PD via promotion of EMT and led to a poor prognosis of GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Shimizu
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Tsurumihara, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoko Saito
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Tsurumihara, Japan
| | - Shuhei Ito
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Tsurumihara, Japan
| | - Takaaki Masuda
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Tsurumihara, Japan
| | - Junji Kurashige
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Tsurumihara, Japan.,Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Kumamoto Medical Center, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kuroda
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Tsurumihara, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Tsurumihara, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koshi Mimori
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Tsurumihara, Japan
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17
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Ansari S, Gantuya B, Tuan VP, Yamaoka Y. Diffuse Gastric Cancer: A Summary of Analogous Contributing Factors for Its Molecular Pathogenicity. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082424. [PMID: 30115886 PMCID: PMC6121269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths and ranks as the fifth most common cancer worldwide. Incidence and mortality differ depending on the geographical region and gastric cancer ranks first in East Asian countries. Although genetic factors, gastric environment, and Helicobacter pylori infection have been associated with the pathogenicity and development of intestinal-type gastric cancer that follows the Correa’s cascade, the pathogenicity of diffuse-type gastric cancer remains mostly unknown and undefined. However, genetic abnormalities in the cell adherence factors, such as E-cadherin and cellular activities that cause impaired cell integrity and physiology, have been documented as contributing factors. In recent years, H. pylori infection has been also associated with the development of diffuse-type gastric cancer. Therefore, in this report, we discuss the host factors as well as the bacterial factors that have been reported as associated factors contributing to the development of diffuse-type gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamshul Ansari
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu-City, Oita 879-5593, Japan.
| | - Boldbaatar Gantuya
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu-City, Oita 879-5593, Japan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology unit, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar-14210, Mongolia.
| | - Vo Phuoc Tuan
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu-City, Oita 879-5593, Japan.
- Department of Endoscopy, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam.
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu-City, Oita 879-5593, Japan.
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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18
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Wei W, You Z, Sun S, Wang Y, Zhang X, Pang D, Jiang Y. Prognostic implications of fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 polymorphisms in primary breast cancer. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:988-996. [PMID: 29603419 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) belongs to the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family, and FGFR4 polymorphisms have been implicated in both normal development and cancer, including breast cancer. In the present study, we investigated correlations between polymorphisms in FGFR4 and breast cancer prognosis. The FGFR4 SNPs rs1966265 and rs351855 were genotyped in 747 breast cancer patients using the SNaPshot method. FGFR4 protein expression was detected by immunohistochemistry in 339 samples. SNP rs351855 was correlated with FGFR4 protein expression under dominant and co-dominant models. Lymph node metastasis (LNM), ER (estrogen receptor) status, and molecular subtype were associated with high FGFR4 expression. Univariate analysis revealed rs351855 (CC/CT: P = 0.027, CC/TT: P < 0.001, CC/CT + TT: P = 0.005) to be a prognostic predictor, and multivariate analysis indicated rs351855 (CC/TT: P = 0.005) to be an independent prognostic factor. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that high FGFR4 protein expression was associated with a poor prognosis. SNP rs351855 was correlated with worse outcomes, with a dose-dependent effect. The results of this study show that FGFR4 SNP rs351855 is associated with up-regulation of FGFR4 protein expression and a worse prognosis in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Zilong You
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yuhang Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xianyu Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Da Pang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.,North China Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center (NTMRC), Harbin, China
| | - Yongdong Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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19
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Kim S, Barzi A, Rajdev L. Biomarker-driven targeted therapies for gastric/gastro-esophageal junction malignancies. Semin Oncol 2018; 45:133-150. [PMID: 30262395 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gastroesophageal malignancies often contain high amounts of genetic and molecular alterations that result in an aggressive disease capable of rapidly metastasizing to distant organs and early development of drug resistance. Most patients in the Western hemisphere present with locally advanced or metastatic disease that is treated with systemic chemotherapy used either in the neoadjuvant or palliative setting, respectively. This article will review the various recent advances in the development of targeted therapies for the treatment of advanced gastric and gastroesophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salem Kim
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Afsaneh Barzi
- Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California
| | - Lakshmi Rajdev
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.
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20
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Hosoda K, Yamashita K, Ushiku H, Ema A, Moriya H, Mieno H, Washio M, Watanabe M. Prognostic relevance of FGFR2 expression in stage II/III gastric cancer with curative resection and S-1 chemotherapy. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:1853-1860. [PMID: 29434882 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Curative gastrectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy using S-1 is a standard treatment for stage II/III gastric cancer in Japan. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic relevance of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)2 expression in patients with stage II/III gastric cancer that underwent postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded surgical specimens were retrospectively examined in 167 patients with stage II/III gastric cancer that underwent curative gastrectomy followed by adjuvant S1 chemotherapy. FGFR2 expression was measured using immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. The IHC results for FGFR2 were as follows: Grade 1+, 32; grade 2+, 80; grade 3+, 55 patients. The FGFR2 expression level was not significantly associated with relapse-free or overall survival rates. However, in the diffuse type, the FGFR2 expression level tended to be negatively correlated with relapse-free survival. In particular, the proportion of patients who recurred >5 years following surgery was significantly larger in the FGFR2 grade 3+ group than in the grade 1+, 2+ group (4/22 vs. 1/35; P=0.047). The recurrent sites of long-term failure were mostly peritoneum among the diffuse type. To the best of our knowledge, the present study indicated for the first time that FGFR2 could predict long-term failure of adjuvant S-1 chemotherapy in curative advanced gastric cancer. There was no interaction between FGFR2 expression and patient survival outcomes in stage II/III gastric cancer. Patients with FGFR2 3+ in stage II/III gastric cancer should carefully be followed-up for >5 years after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hosoda
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Keishi Yamashita
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Hideki Ushiku
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Akira Ema
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Moriya
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mieno
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Marie Washio
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
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21
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Lau WM, Teng E, Huang KK, Tan JW, Das K, Zang Z, Chia T, Teh M, Kono K, Yong WP, Shabbir A, Tay A, Phua NS, Tan P, Chan SL, So JBY. Acquired Resistance to FGFR Inhibitor in Diffuse-Type Gastric Cancer through an AKT-Independent PKC-Mediated Phosphorylation of GSK3β. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 17:232-242. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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