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Pearson O, Othman S, Colmer K, Ishaque S, Mejia G, Crossing S, Jesudason D, Wittert G, Zimmet P, Zoungas S, Wischer N, Morey K, Giles J, Jones S, Brown A, Kumar S. Supporting best practice in the management of chronic diseases in primary health care settings: a scoping review of training programs for Indigenous Health Workers and Practitioners. Aust J Prim Health 2024; 30:PY23124. [PMID: 38701239 DOI: 10.1071/py23124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Background To improve diabetes management in primary health care for the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples population, training programs that are culturally and contextually relevant to the local context are required. Using a scoping review methodology, the aim of this review was to describe the characteristics of chronic disease management training programs for Aboriginal Health Workers and Practitioners, their effectiveness on knowledge and skills, and client-related outcomes, and the enablers, barriers to delivery and participation. Methods Following protocol parameters, a systematic search was conducted in relevant databases and grey literature. Two independent reviewers screened the title and abstract of each paper to determine if the study met the inclusion criteria. Results Of the 23 included studies, most were developed with stakeholders, profession facilitated and delivered by cultural facilitators. All training programs included content knowledge, two included a professional support network, four provided on-the-job support and six had follow-up support post-training. Modes of delivery ranged from didactic, storytelling and hands-on learning. Two studies reported significant improvement in participants' knowledge and confidence; one reported improvement in knowledge (12.7% increase pre-post training), and an increase in confidence in both clinical and non-clinical skills. Enablers (relevance, modes of learning, power of networking, improved knowledge, confidence and clinical practice) and barriers (adult learning capabilities, competing work-family commitments) were reported. Few studies reported on knowledge transfer into clinical practice and client-related outcomes. Conclusions Multifaceted training programs for Aboriginal health workers are well received and may improve workforce capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odette Pearson
- Wardliparingga Aboriginal Health Equity, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Shwikar Othman
- Wardliparingga Aboriginal Health Equity, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Kate Colmer
- Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Sana Ishaque
- Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Gloria Mejia
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health (ARCPOH), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Sarah Crossing
- Wardliparingga Aboriginal Health Equity, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - David Jesudason
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; and Central Adelaide Local Health Network, SA Health, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Gary Wittert
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; and Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Well Being, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Paul Zimmet
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic. 3004, Australia
| | - Sophia Zoungas
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic. 3004, Australia
| | - Natalie Wischer
- National Association of Diabetes Centres, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Kim Morey
- Wardliparingga Aboriginal Health Equity, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Jane Giles
- Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Sara Jones
- School of Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Alex Brown
- Telethon Kids Institute, Ground Floor, 108 North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; and Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Saravana Kumar
- School of Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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Cleland J, Zachariah A, David S, Pulimood A, Poobalan A. A qualitative study of social accountability translation: from mission to living it. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:145. [PMID: 38355545 PMCID: PMC10868042 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05093-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical schools are increasingly adopting socially accountable mission and curricula, the realisation of which are dependent on engaging individuals to embody the mission's principles in their everyday activities as doctors. However, little is known about how graduates perceive the efforts taken by their medical school to sensitise them to social accountability values, and how they translate this into their working lives. Our aim was to explore and understand graduate perceptions of how their medical school influenced them to embody a social accountability mission in their working lives. METHODS This was a qualitative interview study carried out with graduates/alumni [n = 51] of Christian Medical College, Vellore [CMCV], India, a school with a long-established and explicit social-accountability mission. Data coding and analysis were initially inductive and thematic using Braun and Clarke's six step framework. MacIntyre's virtue ethics theory framed secondary analysis, allowing us to consider the relationships between individual and contextual factors. RESULTS Our participants perceived that CMCV invested heavily in selecting personal qualities aligned with the CMCV mission. They saw that these qualities were reinforced through various practices: [e.g., placements in resource limited and/or remote and rural settings]; community engagement and expectations [e.g., student self-governance]; role modelling [staff and more senior students]. Much emphasis was placed on sustaining these traditions and practices over time, creating a strong sense of identity and belonging among participants, traditions which were fostered further by the alumni network and continued engagement with CMCV post-graduation. CONCLUSIONS Ensuring social accountable medical education depends on alignment and interactions over time between context and structures, systems and human agents. Further studies are needed to extend understanding of how students from diverse contexts experience socially accountable medical education and translate their educational experience into their thinking and practice after graduation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Cleland
- Medical Education Research and Scholarship Unit, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore.
| | - Anand Zachariah
- Christian Medical College, M.G.R Medical University, Vellore, India
| | - Sarah David
- Christian Medical College, M.G.R Medical University, Vellore, India
| | - Anna Pulimood
- Christian Medical College, M.G.R Medical University, Vellore, India
| | - Amudha Poobalan
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Hashem F, Marchand C, Peckham S, Peckham A. What are the impacts of setting up new medical schools? A narrative review. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:759. [PMID: 36345021 PMCID: PMC9639304 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03835-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growth of the UK's population together with an aging society with increasingly complex health and social care needs has placed a greater demand on statutory care services. In view of this emerging landscape, the UK Government has sought to increase its medically trained workforce in order to better respond to the demands placed on the health service. Five universities were announced as homes to new medical schools offering undergraduate places to boost the numbers of doctors training in England. The aim of this narrative review was to explore how new medical schools could improve the health outcomes of the local population and evaluate the potential contribution it may make to the local economy, workforce and to research and innovation. METHODS A narrative review was undertaken using a systematic approach for the search literature strategy. The articles were evaluated by undertaking a critical assessment evaluating the fitness of a paper for review according to results, methods used to test the hypothesis, conclusions and impact and limitations. Thematic analysis was employed to organise and summarise the findings across a heterogeneous body of literature included in the review. The analysis was developed in an inductive manner and there were not any predefined themes to guide data extraction and analysis. RESULTS Thirty-six articles were selected for inclusion for this narrative review. The review identified six key themes: influence of prior rural exposure, medical school environment and rural enrichment programmes, workforce, health outcomes of local populations, social accountability, economic contribution of medical schools to communities and impact on rural research. CONCLUSIONS The studies included found a wealth of information on a wide-range of topics on the expansion of undergraduate education and its implications on the future medical workforce. It was shown that medical schools can have a positive effect on the health, social, economic and research activity of a region, but this literature tended to be heterogeneous in focus without consideration of the inter-connections between the wider societal and economic impacts arising from long-term sustainable change being brought to a region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferhana Hashem
- Centre for Health Services Studies, University of Kent, George Allen Wing, Cornwallis Building, Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NF UK
| | - Catherine Marchand
- Centre for Health Services Studies, University of Kent, George Allen Wing, Cornwallis Building, Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NF UK
| | - Stephen Peckham
- Centre for Health Services Studies, University of Kent, George Allen Wing, Cornwallis Building, Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NF UK
| | - Anna Peckham
- Centre for Health Services Studies, University of Kent, George Allen Wing, Cornwallis Building, Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NF UK
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Baker M, Griffin A, Dacre J, Medisauskaite A. Influences and outcomes of less than full-time working in the medical profession: a systematic review protocol. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e062356. [PMID: 36229152 PMCID: PMC9562320 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An impoverished medical workforce is a global phenomenon, which can impact patient care significantly. Greater flexibility in working patterns is one approach policy-makers adopt to address this issue, and the expansion of less than full-time (LTFT) working forms part of this. Studies suggest that LTFT working has the potential to improve recruitment and retention by aligning with how doctors increasingly want to balance their careers with other commitments and interests. What is less well understood are the influencing factors and outcomes related to LTFT working among doctors. This protocol outlines the methodology for a systematic review that will evaluate existing knowledge on LTFT working in the medical profession. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses guidelines will be followed. Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Health Management Information Consortium, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Healthcare Administration, and Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts will be searched for studies published up to March 2022. Unpublished literature from EThos and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global will also be searched. Bibliographic searching, citation searching and handsearching will be used to retrieve additional papers. Authors will be contacted for data or publications if necessary. Two independent reviewers will undertake study screening, data extraction and quality assessment, with disagreements resolved by consensus or by a third reviewer if necessary. Data synthesis will be by narrative synthesis and meta-analysis if possible. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The proposed study does not require ethical approval; however, it forms part of a larger body of research on the impact of LTFT working on the medical workforce for which ethics approval has been granted by the Research Ethics Committee at University College London. Findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will be presented at national and international conferences. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42022307174.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalen Baker
- Research Department of Medical Education, UCL Medical School, University College London Division of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ann Griffin
- Research Department of Medical Education, UCL Medical School, University College London Division of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jane Dacre
- Research Department of Medical Education, UCL Medical School, University College London Division of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Asta Medisauskaite
- Research Department of Medical Education, UCL Medical School, University College London Division of Medicine, London, UK
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Magali Fortuna C, Moreno Dias B, Laus AM, Mishima SM, Pinho de Mesquita–Lago L, Matumoto S, Menegueti MG, Gatto Junior JR, Dias Pedreschi Chaves L, Bernardes A, Meyer Maciel AM, Gabriel CS, Pilotto de Oliveira M, Marcussi T, Aparecida Arena Ventura C. Interprofessional education in Brazilian nursing undergraduate course syllabi. J Interprof Care 2022; 37:647-654. [DOI: 10.1080/13561820.2022.2110046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cinira Magali Fortuna
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Moreno Dias
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Laus
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvana Martins Mishima
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana Pinho de Mesquita–Lago
- Department of Stomatology, Public Health, and Forensic Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Matumoto
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayra Gonçalves Menegueti
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Renato Gatto Junior
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Applied Nursing, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucieli Dias Pedreschi Chaves
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea Bernardes
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Carmen Silvia Gabriel
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Thalita Marcussi
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Aparecida Arena Ventura
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Fortuna CM, Dias BM, Laus AM, Mishima SM, Cassiani SHDB. [Interprofessional health education in the Region of the Americas from a nursing perspectiveEducação interprofissional em saúde na Região das Américas na perspectiva da enfermagem]. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2022; 46:e69. [PMID: 35509642 PMCID: PMC9063852 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2022.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents a reflective analysis of the implementation of interprofessional education in undergraduate nursing courses, considering as an example the curricula of undergraduate nursing careers in Brazil. Despite investments to advance interprofessional education, its practice is not institutionalized in the curricula of undergraduate courses. These findings represent a limitation for the implementation of interprofessional education in nursing courses, and the case of Brazil allows to learn lessons for the education of nursing professionals in other countries of the Region of the Americas. Recommendations are provided for training, management and intersectoral articulation of health and education services, with emphasis on primary health care and the Sustainable Development Goals, aimed at educational institutions wishing to implement interprofessional education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinira Magali Fortuna
- Universidad de São Paulo Ribeirão Preto Brasil Universidad de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brasil
| | - Bruna Moreno Dias
- Organización Panamericana de la Salud/Organización Mundial de la Salud Washington, D.C. Estados Unidos de América Organización Panamericana de la Salud/Organización Mundial de la Salud, Washington, D.C., Estados Unidos de América
| | - Ana Maria Laus
- Universidad de São Paulo Ribeirão Preto Brasil Universidad de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brasil
| | - Silvana Martins Mishima
- Universidad de São Paulo Ribeirão Preto Brasil Universidad de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brasil
| | - Silvia Helena De Bortoli Cassiani
- Organización Panamericana de la Salud/Organización Mundial de la Salud Washington, D.C. Estados Unidos de América Organización Panamericana de la Salud/Organización Mundial de la Salud, Washington, D.C., Estados Unidos de América
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Improving the Education of Radiation Oncology Professionals in Geriatric Oncology: Where Are We and Where Should We Be? Semin Radiat Oncol 2022; 32:109-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Antwi J, Arkoh AA, Choge JK, Dibo TW, Mahmud A, Vankhuu E, Wanyama EK, McKinley DW. Global accreditation practices for accelerated medically trained clinicians: a view of five countries. HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH 2021; 19:110. [PMID: 34521441 PMCID: PMC8438892 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-021-00646-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shortages and maldistribution of healthcare workers persist despite efforts to increase the number of practitioners. Evidence to support policy planning and decisions is essential. The World Health Organization has proposed National Health Workforce Accounts (NHWA) to facilitate human resource information systems for effective health workforce planning and monitoring. In this study, we report on the accreditation practices for accelerated medically trained clinicians in five countries: Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malaysia, and Mongolia. METHOD Using open-ended survey responses and document review, information about accreditation practices was classified using NHWA indicators. We examined practices using this framework and further examined the extent to which the indicators were appropriate for this cadre of healthcare providers. We developed a data extraction tool and noted any indicators that were difficult to interpret in the local context. RESULTS Accreditation practices in the five countries are generally aligned with the WHO indicators with some exceptions. All countries had standards for pre-service and in-service training. It was difficult to determine the extent to which social accountability and social determinants of health were explicitly part of accreditation practices as this cadre of practitioners evolved out of community health needs. Other areas of discrepancy were interprofessional education and continuing professional development. DISCUSSION While it is possible to use NHWA module 3 indicators there are disadvantages as well, at least for accelerated medically trained clinicians. There are aspects of accreditation practices that are not readily coded in the standard definitions used for the indicators. While the indicators provide detailed definitions, some invite social desirability bias and others are not as easily understood by practitioners whose roles continue to evolve and adapt to their health systems. CONCLUSION Regular review and revision of indicators are essential to facilitate uptake of the NHWA for planning and monitoring healthcare providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Antwi
- Centre for Health and Social Policy Research, West End University College, Accra, Ghana
- Royal Ann College of Health, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Anthony Asare Arkoh
- Department of Medicine, Graduate Physician Assistants Association of Ghana, Rock Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Joseph Kiprop Choge
- Clinical Medicine Department, University of Kabianga, Kericho, Kenya
- Chair, Clinical Officers Council, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Turi Woticha Dibo
- Professional Association of Emergency Surgical Officers (PAESO), Olanchiti Hospital, Adama, Oromia Regional State Ethiopia
| | - Alias Mahmud
- Faculty of Medicine, UKMMC, National University of Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Enkhtuya Vankhuu
- Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Erick Kizito Wanyama
- Department of Health Services, Kenya Clinical Officers Association, County Government Kakamega, Kakamega, Kenya
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O'Sullivan BG, Couper I, Kumar P, McGrail MR. Editorial: Effective Strategies to Develop Rural Health Workforce in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). Front Public Health 2021; 9:702362. [PMID: 34150713 PMCID: PMC8212967 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.702362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian Couper
- Ukwanda Centre for Rural Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Pratyush Kumar
- Department of Family Medicine, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Fowler-Holdham NN, Holder-Nevins D, Walters D. Structured internship in health promotion: an approach used in a middle-income developing country-Jamaica. Glob Health Promot 2021; 29:31-40. [PMID: 33752535 DOI: 10.1177/1757975921995716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Internship programmes have the potential to provide learning and professional experiences, build students' competency and strengthen partnerships between community and training institutions. In this paper, we examine the extent to which a structured internship at The University of the West Indies contributed to experience and competency-building, provided focus and met learners' expectations and satisfaction among a cohort of unpaid health promotion interns. The contribution of placements to the strengthening of health education and promotion competencies and interns' feelings about their experiences are included. Twenty-four (24) internship reports were reviewed using a mix of quantitative and qualitative methods. The majority of interns were Jamaicans (70.8%), 12.5% were from Dominica and the remaining 16.7% represented other nationalities. Health professionals comprised the highest percentage of cohorts (79.2%) and governmental agencies comprised the largest proportion (63%) of internship sites. Activities undertaken were in the areas of planning, implementing and evaluating programmes (71%) and conducting needs assessments (63%). Communication-related activities were reported by 43% of interns. Twenty-one per cent were engaged in lobbying and collaboration with other partners, while 23% established committees to oversee the sustainability of initiatives. While some interns reported negative experiences with supervision at their placement agencies, all valued internship seminars, which they found as a supportive environment in which they were able to share their progress with peers and academics. The opportunity for applying theory to practice and acting as resource persons were reflected as positives. The structured internship approach seems to have merits for building competence and engendering individual satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Desmalee Holder-Nevins
- Department of Community Health and Psychiatry, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Dawn Walters
- South East Regional Health Authority, Ministry of Health Jamaica, Kingston, Jamaica
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Laari L, Duma SE. Facilitators of the health advocacy role practice of the nurse in Ghana: A qualitative study. Health Sci Rep 2021; 4:e220. [PMID: 33458254 PMCID: PMC7797165 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying facilitators of health advocacy role practice of nurses is important in reducing health disparities and inequities in Ghana. The struggle to reducing these disparities and inequities needs a combination of bravery, courage, and professionalism. In many instances, many barriers hinder nurses from practicing their health advocacy role in Ghana. Facilitators that motivate nurses who would perform this health advocacy role have not been identified and adequately described in Ghana. AIM To explore and describe the facilitators of the health advocacy role of nurses in Ghana. METHODS This qualitative study used Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory approach to collect and analyze data from 2018 to 2019 in three regions in Ghana. Semistructured interviews (n = 24) and field notes were used to collect data. RESULTS Professional influence emerged as a core category among other three facilitators that motivate nurses to perform the health advocacy role. The other three are clientele influence, intrinsic influence, and cultural influence. CONCLUSIONS Facilitators to the health advocacy role practice of nurses are multidimensional and hidden. In this respect, educating hospital managers on these facilitators should be done through workshops and seminars to enhance the managers' strategies of motivating nurses to advocate for the less privileged and the disadvantaged of the society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Laari
- Department of Nursing and MidwiferyPresbyterian Nursing and Midwifery Training CollegeBawkuGhana
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O’Sullivan B, Hickson H, Kippen R, Cohen D, Cohen P, Wallace G. A Framework to Guide the Implementation of Best Practice Clinical Learning Environments in Community General Practice: Australia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041482. [PMID: 33557408 PMCID: PMC7914810 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Clinical education/training is increasingly being expanded to community general practice settings (primary care clinics led by doctors). This plays an important role in developing a skilled “primary-care ready” workforce. However, there is limited information to guide the implementation of high-quality learning environments suitable for the range of general practices and clinical learners they oversee. We aimed to develop a consensus-based framework to address this. A co-design participatory action research method involved working with stakeholders to agree a project plan, collect and interpret data and endorse a final framework. As a starting point, an initial draft framework was adapted from an existing framework, the Best Practice Clinical Learning Environment (BPCLE) Framework. We gathered feedback about this from a national GP Supervisor Liaison Officer Network (SLON) (experienced GP clinical supervisors) during a 90-minute face-to-face focus group. They rated their agreement with the relevance of objectives and elements, advising on clear terminology and rationale for including/excluding various components. The resulting framework was refined and re-tested with the SLON and wider GP educational stakeholders until a final graphically designed version was endorsed. The resulting “GP Clinical Learning Environment” (GPCLE) Framework is applicable for planning and benchmarking best practice learning environments in general practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda O’Sullivan
- Rural Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-427405030
| | - Helen Hickson
- General Practice Supervisors Australia, Bendigo 3550, Australia; (H.H.); (G.W.)
- La Trobe Rural Health School, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bendigo 3550, Australia
| | - Rebecca Kippen
- School of Rural Health, Monash University, Bendigo 3550, Australia;
| | - Donna Cohen
- MEERQAT Pty Ltd., St Kilda, Melbourne 3182, Australia; (D.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Phil Cohen
- MEERQAT Pty Ltd., St Kilda, Melbourne 3182, Australia; (D.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Glen Wallace
- General Practice Supervisors Australia, Bendigo 3550, Australia; (H.H.); (G.W.)
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Attending a Blended In-Service Management Training in a Public Health System: Constraints and Opportunities for Pharmacists and Health Services. PHARMACY 2021; 9:pharmacy9010012. [PMID: 33466556 PMCID: PMC7838771 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy9010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Management and public health are important domains of competency for pharmacists. In about 90% of Brazilian health departments, pharmacists manage the selection and purchase of medicines. The Pharmaceutical Services and Access to Medicines Management Course (PSAMM) was offered to pharmacists working in the public health system. The aim of this study is to analyze the impacts of the course as perceived by the students (pharmacists). Two thousand five hundred pharmacists completed the course. It is a mixed-methods study, including subscribing forms (n = 2500), evaluation questionnaire (n = 1500), focus groups (n = 10), and semi-structured interviews (n = 31). Participants reported a high level of satisfaction with the course; they considered to have developed competencies related to leadership and management, competencies needed to enhance and sustain their practices in health services. Data analyses showed important barriers to complete the course: high course workload, poor quality of Internet access, lack of support from the health services. Participants highlighted crucial features of the course that helped them develop key competencies: practical in-service activities, useful and realistic contents, tutoring. These features helped participants overcome some important constraints described by them. The educational model described in this study was perceived as having a long-term impact on their behaviors and management practices in health services.
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Ghaffari R, Taghizadieh A, Behshid M, Somi MH, Mirzazadeh A, Baradaran HR, Huntington M, Emami Razavi SH, Baghban Rezvan F, Salek Ranjbarzadeh F. Accountability in medical education from theory to practice Tabriz 2018 statement: A step towards the implementation of this social necessity. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2020; 34:93. [PMID: 33315967 PMCID: PMC7722974 DOI: 10.34171/mjiri.34.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To implement the education reform package on accountability in medical education, the Education Development Center (EDC) of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences has held the first national conference on accountability in medical education, and the present statement is the result of scientific interactions and exchanges in the conference.
Methods: For implementation of the accountability in medical education, there was a need to inform faculty members and other stakeholders about their responsibility in education and health care needs. The provision of such platform was provided by holding a specialized conference on accountability in medical education by Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Steps of preparing the draft version of the Tabriz 2018 Statement were as follow: Formation the scientific committee; Division of the responsibility for drafting the statement between various workgroups; and Preparation and primary approval of the draft of Tabriz 2018 Statement.
Results: Steps of preparing the draft version of the Tabriz 2018 Statement were: Formation of the scientific committee, Division of the responsibility for drafting the statement between the various workgroups and Preparation and primary approval of the draft of Tabriz 2018 Statement.
Conclusion: Establishing an educational accreditation model and reviewing accreditation standards based on social accountability can be an effective step to strengthen accountability towards community needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ghaffari
- Medical Education Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Taghizadieh
- Tuberculosis and Lung Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Behshid
- Medical Education Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Husein Somi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Azim Mirzazadeh
- Department of Medical Education, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Baradaran
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mark Huntington
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford, 414 E. Clark Street, Vermillion, SD 57069, United States
| | - Seyed Hasan Emami Razavi
- Neuroscience Institute, Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center (BASIR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Flora Baghban Rezvan
- Medical Education Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fariba Salek Ranjbarzadeh
- Medical Education Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Kanakis K, Young L, Reeve C, Hays R, Gupta TS, Malau-Aduli B. How does GP training impact rural and remote underserved communities? Exploring community and professional perceptions. BMC Health Serv Res 2020; 20:812. [PMID: 32867750 PMCID: PMC7457499 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-020-05684-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Substantial government funding has been invested to support the training of General Practitioners (GPs) in Australia to serve rural communities. However, there is little data on the impact of this expanded training on smaller communities, particularly for smaller rural and more remote communities. Improved understanding of the impact of training on underserved communities will assist in addressing this gap and inform ongoing investment by governments and communities. Method A purposive sample of GP supervisors, GP registrars, practice managers and health services staff, and community members (n = 40) from previously identified areas of workforce need in rural and remote North-West Queensland were recruited for this qualitative study. Participants had lived in their communities for periods ranging from a few months to 63 years (Median = 12 years). Semi-structured interviews and a focus group were conducted to explore how establishing GP training placements impacts underserved communities from a health workforce, health outcomes, economic and social perspective. The data were then analysed using thematic analysis. Results Participants reported they perceived GP training to improve communities’ health services and health status (accessibility, continuity of care, GP workforce, health status, quality of health care and sustainable health care), some social factors (community connectedness and relationships), cultural factors (values and identity), financial factors (economy and employment) and education (rural pathway). Further, benefits to the registrars (breadth of training, community-specific knowledge, quality of training, and relationships with the community) were reported that also contributed to community development. Conclusion GP training and supervision is possible in smaller and more remote underserved communities and is perceived positively. Training GP registrars in smaller, more remote communities, matches their training more closely with the comprehensive primary care services needed by these communities.
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Manzini F, Diehl EE, Farias MR, Dos Santos RI, Soares L, Rech N, Lorenzoni AA, Leite SN. Analysis of a Blended, In-Service, Continuing Education Course in a Public Health System: Lessons for Education Providers and Healthcare Managers. Front Public Health 2020; 8:561238. [PMID: 33324594 PMCID: PMC7725868 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.561238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: To train pharmacists working in the public health system, the Brazilian Ministry of Health developed a specialization course called Pharmaceutical Service and Access to Medicine Management (PSAMM) between 2010 and 2016. The course was free of charge and used e-learning as its main approach. In the end, 2,500 pharmacists were trained. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of an in-service and e-learning course for pharmacists working in a public health system. Materials and Methods: Three workshops involving 67 participants were conducted at the conclusion of the course to analyze the perspective of the PSAMM course's faculty (tutors, regional coordinators, professors, and management committee) and students (pharmacists). Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis and qualitative analysis methods were used. Results and Discussion: The strength dimension had the greatest number of items. The qualitative analysis resulted in six categories: the category “E-learning in continuing education” had the most cited items. Internal elements such as in-service hands-on activities directly related to the professionals' roles, course contents, faculty, and the methods to offer the course (the mixed methods and materials) were positively assessed. Nonetheless, external elements were considered critical for the course's outcomes such as investments in the infrastructure of pharmaceutical services, access to the internet, local managers' support for continuing education and innovation implementation, practice of interprofessional collaboration, and political stability. The continuing education course in the public health system was affected by internal elements such as its project and structure as well as external elements such as the sociopolitical scenario. Continuing education investment must be accompanied by infrastructure investment and coordination of services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Manzini
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Eliana Elisabeth Diehl
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Mareni Rocha Farias
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacy Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Luciano Soares
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Norberto Rech
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacy Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Silvana Nair Leite
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacy Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Clithero-Eridon A, Crandall C, Ross A. Future medical student practice intentions: the South Africa experience. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2020; 20:434. [PMID: 33198729 PMCID: PMC7670592 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-020-02361-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary care is a broad spectrum specialty that can serve both urban and rural populations. It is important to examine the specialties students are selecting to enter, future community size they intend to practice in as well as whether they intend to remain in the communities in which they trained. AIM The goals of this study were to characterize the background and career aspirations of medical students. Objectives were to (1) explore whether there are points in time during training that may affect career goals and (2) assess how students' background and stated motivations for choosing medicine as a career related to intended professional practice. SETTING The setting for this study was the Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, located in Durban, South Africa. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 597 NRMSM medical students in their first, fourth, or sixth-year studies during the 2017 academic year. RESULTS Our findings show a noticeable lack of interest in primary care, and in particular, family medicine amongst graduating students. Altruism is not as motivating a factor for practicing medicine as it was among students beginning their education. CONCLUSION Selection of students into medical school should consider personal characteristics such as background and career motivation. Once students are selected, local context matters for training to sustain motivation. Selection of students most likely to practice primary care, then emphasizing family medicine and community immersion with underserved populations, can assist in building health workforce capacity. There are institutional, legislative, and market pressures influencing career choice either toward or away from primary care. In this paper, we will discuss only the institutional aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Clithero-Eridon
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of New Mexico, MSC 09-5040, 1 UNM, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001 USA
| | - Cameron Crandall
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico, MSC 11-6025, 1 UNM, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001 USA
| | - Andrew Ross
- Department of Family Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 24 Jupiter Rd, Westville, Durban, 3629 South Africa
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Craveiro I, Carvalho A, Ferrinho P. "Get us partnerships!" - a qualitative study of Angolan and Mozambican health academics' experiences with North/South partnerships. Global Health 2020; 16:33. [PMID: 32295611 PMCID: PMC7161017 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-020-00562-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 17 focuses on North/South partnerships for sustainable development. Literature on research partnerships and capacity -building often neglects how these processes are carried out in practice, their social impacts and participants' subjective experiences. Recognizing the increasingly global dimensions of Higher Education Institutions, the University Development and Innovation - Africa project (UDI-A) was designed to train lecturers and administrative staff of Angolan and Mozambican Universities through collaborations with European institutions, aiming at strengthening African academic and social landscapes through knowledge translation and dissemination. This paper examines potential outcomes of UDI-A on participants' academic pathways, investigating the conflict between different imaginaries of capacity-building and partnerships, focusing on how Angolan and Mozambican health sciences researchers experience international collaborations. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven health academics, as well as a focus group discussion involving all participants. These were recorded, fully transcribed, anonymized and coded to identify common themes. A consent form was signed by all participants. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION UDI-A was considered innovative, fostering the improvement of pedagogical skills and increasing social entrepreneurship activities. Participants arrived with a specific institutional mandate and believed that the training received should be incorporated into institutional practices to "modernize" these specific Portuguese speaking African Universities and the health sector. The institutional mechanisms put in place to attain this goal, Centres for Academic Development and Innovation ("CADIs"), were considered potential research and development hubs and drivers of academic and societal transformation. Nevertheless, participants shared a sense of asymmetry (infrastructural, financial, in terms of access to information) between them and European trainers. Although this asymmetry was the underlying basis of this capacity-building project, they argued that UDI-A did not fully acknowledge their local contexts, compromising the prospective development of partnerships in the health field. CONCLUSIONS More attention should be devoted to understanding how participants experience capacity building processes, integrating the diversity of their aspirations and perceptions into subsequent phases of the project, requiring the development of methodological innovations to increase the impact of these programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Craveiro
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - António Carvalho
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centre for Social Studies, University of Coimbra, Praça Dom Dinis, 3000-104 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo Ferrinho
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
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Clithero-Eridon A, Albright D, Ross A. Conceptualising social accountability as an attribute of medical education. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med 2020; 12:e1-e8. [PMID: 32129649 PMCID: PMC7061228 DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v12i1.2213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Health professionals need to be both person- and community oriented to improve population health. For educators to create socially accountable physicians, they must move learners from understanding social accountability as an expectation to embracing and incorporating it as an aspect of professional identity that informs medical practice. Aim The aim of this article was to assess the degree to which medical students, preceptors and community mentors understand the concept of social accountability. Setting The setting is the KwaZulu-Natal Province in Durban, South Africa. Methods Using an observational design, we surveyed 332 participants, including the first- and sixth-year medical students, physician preceptors and community mentors. Results Whilst most respondents understood social accountability as requiring an action or set of actions, it was defined by some as simply the awareness one must have about the needs of their patients, community or society at large. Some respondents defined social accountability as multi-dimensional, but these definitions were the exception, not the rule. Finally, most respondents did not identify to whom the accountable party should answer. Conclusion Whilst the development of professional identity is seen as a process of ‘becoming’, the ability to define and understand what it means to be socially accountable is not a linear process. Assessment of this progress may start with comprehending how social accountability is understood by students when they begin their education and when they are graduating, as well as in knowing how their educators, both clinical and community, define it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Clithero-Eridon
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
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Kalafatis NK, Sommerville TS, Gopalan PG. Are South African anaesthesiologists fit for purpose? A comparison of opinions of graduates, teachers and examiners. SOUTHERN AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA 2020. [DOI: 10.36303/sajaa.2020.26.6.2397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Woolley T, Clithero-Eridon A, Elsanousi S, Othman AB. Does a socially-accountable curriculum transform health professional students into competent, work-ready graduates? A cross-sectional study of three medical schools across three countries. MEDICAL TEACHER 2019; 41:1427-1433. [PMID: 31407932 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2019.1646417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background: Socially-accountable health professional education (SAHPE) is committed to achieving health equity through training health-workers to meet local health needs and serve disadvantaged populations. This research assesses the biomedical and socially-accountable competencies and work-readiness of first year graduates from socially-accountable medical schools in Australia, the United States and Sudan.Method: A self-administered survey to hospital and community health facility staff closely associated with the training and/or supervision of first year medical graduates from three SAHPE medical schools.Main outcome measure: Likert scale ratings of key competencies of SAHPE graduates (as a group) employed as first-year doctors, compared to first year doctors from other medical schools in that country (as a group).Findings: Supervisors rated medical graduates from the 3 SAHPE schools highly for socially-accountable competencies ('communication skills', 'teamwork', 'professionalism', 'work-readiness', 'commitment to practise in rural communities', 'commitment to practise with underserved ethnic and cultural populations'), as well as 'overall performance' and 'overall clinical skills'.Interpretation: These findings suggest SAHPE medical graduates are well regarded by their immediate hospital supervisors, and SAHPE can produce a medical workforce as competent as from more traditional medical schools, but with greater commitment to health equity, working with underserved populations, and addressing local health needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torres Woolley
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Amy Clithero-Eridon
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Salwa Elsanousi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Gezira, Gezira, Sudan
| | - Abu-Bakr Othman
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
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Rennie T, Nangombe V, Mangombe T, Kibuule D, Hunter CJ. Health workforce planning in Namibia: assessing a pilot workforce survey of pharmacists. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2019; 27:565-574. [DOI: 10.1111/ijpp.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Southern Africa lacks resources necessary to combat presenting health challenges. This crisis will likely be remedied through the in-country training of healthcare professionals, for example, in Namibia. Monitoring the workforce will be essential to inform planning in health services and training. A national pilot workforce survey in Namibia using a multi-modal sampling approach aimed to test methodology for describing the pharmacy workforce and quantifying preferences towards further training.
Methods
The survey tool included questions relating to socio-demographics, professional and practice aspects. A conjoint analysis approach was utilised to quantify preferences around study programme, modality of study and cost.
Key findings
Respondents (N = 135; ~20% response) represented a diverse range of individuals in various pharmacy sectors in Namibia. The majority of respondents reported female gender, private sector working, studying outside Namibia and societal group membership. Societal membership and pharmacy ownership – indicators of professional engagement – were associated with higher age; ownership was also associated with study outside Namibia and practice in community pharmacy. Regarding further study preferences, respondents placed more importance on study programme and modality over cost with the most preferred scenario being a 2-year full-time Masters programme in pharmaceutical industry/regulation by distance learning at the highest cost bracket.
Conclusions
This national survey sampled the population of pharmacists in Namibia exploring the composition of the profession and preferences towards training. Further work will validate the findings and provide ongoing monitoring of the pharmacy workforce that can be expanded to other professional groups over a larger geographical area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Rennie
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Vulika Nangombe
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Tafadzwa Mangombe
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Dan Kibuule
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Christian J Hunter
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
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Muller J, Snyman S, Slogrove A, Couper I. The value of interprofessional education in identifying unaddressed primary health-care challenges in a community: a case study from South Africa. J Interprof Care 2019; 33:347-355. [PMID: 31106626 DOI: 10.1080/13561820.2019.1612332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Many countries rely on community health workers (CHWs) at a primary health care (PHC) level to connect individuals with needs to health professionals at health-care facilities, especially in resource-limited environments. The majority of health professionals are centrally based in facilities with little to no interaction with communities or CHWs. Stellenbosch University (South Africa), included interprofessional home visits in collaboration with CHWs as part of students' contextual PHC exposure in a rural community to identify factors impacting on the health of patients and their families. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of this interprofessional student service-learning initiative on identifying and addressing health-care challenges of households known to CHWs. Active physical, social and attitudinal factors were identified and recorded using a standardized paper case report form. Data were anonymized, captured and categorized for analysis. The frequency and proportion of each type of active problem and referral were calculated. The collaborative team identified many unaddressed health and social issues during their visits. Their exposure to communities at a PHC level offered benefits of experiential learning and provided insight into community needs, as well as offering services to enhance the current health-care system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Muller
- Ukwanda Center for Rural Health, Stellenbosch University , Worcester , South Africa
| | - Stefanus Snyman
- Division of Health Systems and Public Health, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbsoch University , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Amy Slogrove
- Ukwanda Center for Rural Health, Stellenbosch University , Worcester , South Africa
| | - Ian Couper
- Ukwanda Center for Rural Health, Stellenbosch University , Worcester , South Africa
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Flood B, Hocking C, Smythe L, Jones M. Working in a spirit of interprofessional practice: a hermeneutic phenomenological study. J Interprof Care 2019; 33:744-752. [DOI: 10.1080/13561820.2019.1577810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Flood
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Clare Hocking
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Liz Smythe
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Marion Jones
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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Lyle D, Greenhill J. Two decades of building capacity in rural health education, training and research in Australia: University Departments of Rural Health and Rural Clinical Schools. Aust J Rural Health 2018; 26:314-322. [PMID: 30303287 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article reports on the contribution of university Departments of Rural Health and Rural Clinical Schools to the development of rural health and the rural health workforce and is set at the Australian Government's university Departments of Rural Health and Rural Clinical Training and Support Programs. The main outcome measures include educational infrastructure, clinical academic workforce, student numbers, community engagement, research outputs, rural health and workforce outcomes. As a result, university Departments of Rural Health and Rural Clinical Schools have established a substantial geographical footprint covering most of the rural and remote populations and regions across Australia. They have a large distributed rural clinical academic workforce that exceeds 1300. Medical student numbers on long-term placements have increased threefold from inception to 1200 annually. Allied health and nursing numbers doubled over 10 years to 4000 in 2013 and are projected to double again by 2018. In 2013, they published 363 peer-reviewed papers - half of which specifically addressed rural and/or remote health issues. High levels of intention to practise rurally and uptake of rural and remote practice following exposure to rural training have been reported, especially for medicine. Thus, university Departments of Rural Health and Rural Clinical Schools constitute a national network of academic units that deliver academically enriched clinical education and training for medical, nursing and allied health students and fulfil an essential academic role for the health system in rural and remote Australia. Community engagement and accountability to region are hallmarks of the program. Early evidence of the uptake of rural and remote practice following exposure to rural training has set expectations for the Rural Health Multidisciplinary Training Program.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lyle
- Broken Hill University Department of Rural Health, University of Sydney, Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennene Greenhill
- Rural Clinical School, Flinders University, Renmark, South Australia, Australia
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Larkins S, Johnston K, Hogenbirk JC, Willems S, Elsanousi S, Mammen M, Van Roy K, Iputo J, Cristobal FL, Greenhill J, Labarda C, Neusy AJ. Practice intentions at entry to and exit from medical schools aspiring to social accountability: findings from the Training for Health Equity Network Graduate Outcome Study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2018; 18:261. [PMID: 30424760 PMCID: PMC6234627 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-018-1360-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the impact of selection and medical education on practice intentions and eventual practice is an essential component of training a fit-for-purpose health workforce distributed according to population need. Existing evidence comes largely from high-income settings and neglects contextual factors. This paper describes the practice intentions of entry and exit cohorts of medical students across low and high income settings and the correlation of student characteristics with these intentions. METHODS The Training for Health Equity Network (THEnet) Graduate Outcome Study (GOS) is an international prospective cohort study tracking learners throughout training and ten years into practice as part of the longitudinal impact assessment described in THEnet's Evaluation Framework. THEnet is an international community of practice of twelve medical schools with a social accountability mandate. Data presented here include cross-sectional entry and exit data obtained from different cohorts of medical students involving eight medical schools in six countries and five continents. Binary logistic regression was used to create adjusted odds ratios for associations with practice intent. RESULTS Findings from 3346 learners from eight THEnet medical schools in 6 countries collected between 2012 and 2016 are presented. A high proportion of study respondents at these schools come from rural and disadvantaged backgrounds and these respondents are more likely than others to express an intention to work in underserved locations after graduation at both entry and exit from medical school. After adjusting for confounding factors, rural and low income background and regional location of medical school were the most important predictors of intent to practice in a rural location. For schools in the Philippines and Africa, intention to emigrate was more likely for respondents from high income and urban backgrounds. CONCLUSIONS These findings, from a diverse range of schools with social accountability mandates in different settings, provide preliminary evidence for the selection and training of a medical workforce motivated to meet the needs of underserved populations. These respondents are being followed longitudinally to determine the degree to which these intentions translate into actual practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Larkins
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland Australia
- Anton Breinl Research Centre for Health Systems Strengthening, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland Australia
- James Cook Drive, James Cook University, Townsville, 4810 Australia
| | - Karen Johnston
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland Australia
- Training for Health Equity Network, New York, NY USA
| | - John C. Hogenbirk
- Centre for Rural and Northern Health Research, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario Canada
| | - Sara Willems
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Health Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Salwa Elsanousi
- Community Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Gezira, Gezira, Sudan
| | - Marykutty Mammen
- Teaching and Learning Centre, University of Fort Hare, East London, Eastern Cape South Africa
| | - Kaatje Van Roy
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Health Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jehu Iputo
- Department of Medical Education, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa
| | | | | | - Charlie Labarda
- School of Health Sciences at the University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
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Ellaway RH, Van Roy K, Preston R, Greenhill J, Clithero A, Elsanousi S, Richards J, Labarda C, Graves L, Mammen M, Assayed AA, Willems S. Translating medical school social missions to student experiences. MEDICAL EDUCATION 2018; 52:171-181. [PMID: 28949033 DOI: 10.1111/medu.13417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT There is a growing focus on the social missions of medical schools as a way of expressing an institutional commitment to service, responsibility and accountability. However, there has been little exploration of how a social mission translates to student experiences. METHODS This multicentre study explored how the social missions of eight medical schools (from Australia, Belgium, Canada, the Philippines, South Africa, Sudan and the USA) translated to their medical education programmes, and how their students perceived the mission. The study used a nested case study design involving interviews with final-year medical students. Constructivist grounded theory techniques were used to analyse the data. Cultural-historical activity theory concepts of externalisation and internalisation were used to structure the analyses. RESULTS The study identified substantial variation in the form, focus and depth of expression of each school's social mission, significant variation in how and to what extent the mission was externalised in the design of each school's undergraduate medical education programme, and significant variation in how students perceived the social mission and its translation to their training experiences. The translation of a social mission to educational outcomes depended on a cascade of externalisation and internalisation processes, each of which could alter or reinterpret the mission. Translation depended to a great extent on sensitising learners to the mission's values and issues and subsequently activating this knowledge in the context of direct clinical encounters that embodied the issues the mission was seeking to address. CONCLUSION Whether a medical school's social mission is focused on equity of access to the medical profession or on its graduates serving particular community needs, the mission principles need to be translated into practice. This translation process involves a series of externalisation and internalisation steps, each of which determines how much and what aspects of the mission are translated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel H Ellaway
- Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Human Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kaatje Van Roy
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Health Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robyn Preston
- General Practice and Rural Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jennene Greenhill
- Flinders University Rural Clinical School, Renmark, South Australia, Australia
| | - Amy Clithero
- Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | | | - Janet Richards
- Flinders University Rural Clinical School, Renmark, South Australia, Australia
| | - Charlie Labarda
- School of Health Sciences, University of the Philippines-Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Lisa Graves
- Human Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - Marykutty Mammen
- Department of Human Biology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa
| | | | - Sara Willems
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Health Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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McNaughton S. The long-term impact of undergraduate interprofessional education on graduate interprofessional practice: A scoping review. J Interprof Care 2017; 32:426-435. [PMID: 29271675 DOI: 10.1080/13561820.2017.1417239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Several recent high-quality systematic reviews have identified the importance of measuring outcomes in evaluating the effectiveness of interprofessional education (IPE) in healthcare, but also the process- and context-dependent nature of these outcomes. This paper presents a scoping review, the objectives of which were to evaluate the evidence for the long-term impact of undergraduate IPE on graduate interprofessional practice (IPP) and to identify areas for further research in the specific context of practice-based IPE. An initial search identified 596 potentially relevant titles published between 2008 and 2016. Screening for inclusion of documented IPE with IPP evaluation reduced this to 130. Abstract reading excluded 99 studies that were not longitudinal. Full reading of the remaining 31 articles identified 23 original studies which were analysed descriptively and tabulated. The main findings were synthesised around three themes: undergraduate evidence for a long-term impact of IPE on IPP; graduate evidence for a long-term impact of IPE on IPP; and barriers to an impact of IPE on graduate IPP. Drawing on these findings, research areas likely to produce further evidence for the impact of practice-based IPE on graduate IPP are discussed, along with some suitable methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan McNaughton
- a School of Interprofessional Health Studies, Auckland University of Technology , Auckland , New Zealand
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Professional confidence among Swedish final year midwifery students – A cross-sectional study. SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTHCARE 2017; 14:69-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Goldman J, Kitto S, Reeves S. Examining the implementation of collaborative competencies in a critical care setting: Key challenges for enacting competency-based education. J Interprof Care 2017; 32:407-415. [PMID: 29161170 DOI: 10.1080/13561820.2017.1401987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Interprofessional collaboration is recognised as an important factor in improving patient care in intensive care units (ICUs). Competency frameworks, and more specifically interprofessional competency frameworks, are a key strategy being used to support the development of attitudes, knowledge, skills, and behaviours needed for an interprofessional approach to care. However, evidence for the application of competencies is limited. This study aimed to extend our empirically based understanding of the significance of interprofessional competencies to actual clinical practice in an ICU. An ethnographic approach was employed to obtain an in-depth insight into healthcare providers' perspectives, behaviours, and interactions of interprofessional collaboration in a medical surgical ICU in a community teaching hospital in Canada. Approximately 160 hours of observations were undertaken and 24 semi-structured interviews with healthcare workers were conducted over a period of 6 months. Data were analysed using a directed content approach where two national competency frameworks were used to help generate an understanding of the practice of interprofessional collaboration. Healthcare professionals demonstrated numerous instances of interprofessional communication, role understandings, and teamwork in the ICU setting, which supported a number of key collaborative competencies. However, organisational factors such as pressures for discharge and patient flow, staffing, and lack of prioritisation for interprofessional learning undermined competencies designed to improve collaboration and teamwork. The findings demonstrate that interprofessional competencies can play an important role in promoting knowledge, attitudes, skills, and behaviours needed. However, competencies that promote interprofessional collaboration are dependent on a range of contextual factors that enable (or impede) individuals to actually enact these competencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Goldman
- a Centre for Quality Improvement and Patient Safety , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Simon Kitto
- b Department of Innovation in Medical Education , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Scott Reeves
- c Centre for Health & Social Care Research, Faculty of Health , Social Care and Education, Kingston University & St. George's, University of London , London , United Kingdom
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon M Brownie
- School of Medicine, Griffith Health, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Oxford PRAXIS Forum, Green Templeton College, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
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Kelley MA, Spangler SA, Tison LI, Johnson CM, Callahan TL, Iliffe J, Hepburn KW, Gross JM. Promoting Regulatory Reform: The African Health Profession Regulatory Collaborative (ARC) for Nursing and Midwifery Year 4 Evaluation. JOURNAL OF NURSING REGULATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s2155-8256(17)30159-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kelley MA, Spangler SA, Tison LI, Johnson CM, Callahan TL, Iliffe J, Hepburn KW, Gross JM. Promoting Regulatory Reform: The African Health Profession Regulatory Collaborative (ARC) for Nursing and Midwifery Year 4 Evaluation. JOURNAL OF NURSING REGULATION 2017; 8:41-52. [PMID: 29354318 PMCID: PMC5769956 DOI: 10.1016/s2155-8256(17)30159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
As countries across sub-Saharan Africa work towards universal health coverage and HIV epidemic control, investments seek to bolster the quality and relevance of the health workforce. The African Health Profession Regulatory Collaborative (ARC) partnered with 17 countries across East, Central, and Southern Africa to ensure nurses and midwives were authorized and equipped to provide essential HIV services to pregnant women and children with HIV. Through ARC, nursing leadership teams representing each country identify a priority regulatory function and develop a proposal to strengthen that regulation over a 1-year period. Each year culminates with a summative congress meeting, involving all ARC countries, where teams present their projects and share lessons learned with their colleagues. During a recent ARC Summative Congress, a group survey was administered to 11 country teams that received ARC Year 4 grants to measure advancements in regulatory function using the five-stage Regulatory Function Framework, and a group questionnaire was administered to 16 country teams to measure improvements in national nursing capacity (February 2011-2016). In ARC Year 4, eight countries implemented continuing professional development projects, Botswana revised their scope of practice, Mozambique piloted a licensing examination to assess HIV-related competencies, and South Africa developed accreditation standards for HIV/tuberculosis specialty nurses. Countries reported improvements in national nursing leaders' teamwork, collaborations with national organizations, regional networking with nursing leaders, and the ability to garner additional resources. ARC provides an effective, collaborative model to rapidly strengthen national regulatory frameworks, which other health professional cadres or regions may consider using to ensure a relevant health workforce, authorized and equipped to meet the emerging demand for health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen A Kelley
- Former Principal Investigator for the African Health Profession Regulatory Collaborative (ARC) and Clinical Professor Emeritus at Emory University's Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Atlanta, GA
| | - Sydney A Spangler
- Co-Principal Investigator for ARC and Assistant Clinical Professor at Emory University's Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing
| | - Laura I Tison
- Public Health Analyst in the HIV Care and Treatment Branch at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA
| | - Carla M Johnson
- Nurse Consultant in the HIV Care and Treatment Branch at the CDC
| | - Tegan L Callahan
- Health Scientist in the Maternal and Child Health Branch at the CDC
| | - Jill Iliffe
- Executive Secretary for the Commonwealth Nurses and Midwives Federation, London, England
| | - Kenneth W Hepburn
- Principal Investigator for ARC and a Professor at Emory University's Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing
| | - Jessica M Gross
- Senior Nursing Advisor in the Division of Global HIV and TB at the CDC
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Burau V, Carstensen K, Lou S, Kuhlmann E. Professional groups driving change toward patient-centred care: interprofessional working in stroke rehabilitation in Denmark. BMC Health Serv Res 2017; 17:662. [PMID: 28915837 PMCID: PMC5602838 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-017-2603-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient-centred care based on needs has been gaining momentum in health policy and the workforce. This creates new demand for interprofessional teams and redefining roles and tasks of professionals, yet little is known on how to implement new health policies more effectively. Our aim was to analyse the role and capacity of health professions in driving organisational change in interprofessional working and patient-centred care. METHODS A case study of the introduction of interprofessional, early discharge teams in stroke rehabilitation in Denmark was conducted with focus on day-to-day coordination of care tasks and the professional groups' interests and strategies. The study included 5 stroke teams and 17 interviews with different health professionals conducted in 2015. RESULTS Professional groups expressed highly positive professional interest in reorganised stroke rehabilitation concerning patients, professional practice and intersectoral relations; individual professional and collective interprofessional interests strongly coincided. The corresponding strategies were driven by a shared goal of providing needs-based care for patients. Individual professionals worked independently and on behalf of the team. There was also a degree of skills transfer as individual team members screened patients on behalf of other professional groups. CONCLUSIONS The study identified supportive factors and contexts of patient-centred care. This highlights capacity to improve health workforce governance through professional participation, which should be explored more systematically in a wider range of healthcare services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Burau
- DEFACTUM – Public Health & Health Services Research, Aarhus, Central Denmark Region Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kathrine Carstensen
- DEFACTUM – Public Health & Health Services Research, Aarhus, Central Denmark Region Denmark
| | - Stina Lou
- DEFACTUM – Public Health & Health Services Research, Aarhus, Central Denmark Region Denmark
| | - Ellen Kuhlmann
- Institute for Economics, Labour and Culture (IWAK), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Medical Management Centre, LIME, |Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Cometto G, Campbell J. Investing in human resources for health: beyond health outcomes. HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH 2016; 14:51. [PMID: 27526943 PMCID: PMC4986336 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-016-0147-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Cometto
- Health Workforce, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | - James Campbell
- Health Workforce, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
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