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Gao L, Zhang Y, Feng M, Shen M, Yang L, Wei B, Zhou Y, Zhang Z. HER3: Updates and current biology function, targeted therapy and pathologic detecting methods. Life Sci 2024; 357:123087. [PMID: 39366553 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.123087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2024] [Revised: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
Being a member of the EGFR tyrosine kinase family, HER3 has been shown to be overexpressed in a number of cancers, including breast cancer (BC). The kinase activity of HER3 is extremely low, and it forms heterodimers with partners, HER2 in particular, that promote biological processes like cell migration, survival, and proliferation by activating downstream carcinogenic signaling pathways. The overexpression of HER3 is also directly linked to tumor invasion, metastasis, and a poor prognosis. Despite the relatively low expression of HER3 compared to EGFR and HER2, a lot of targeted drugs are making their way into clinical trials and seem to have a bright further. This review aims to summarize the relationship between HER3 overexpression, mutations, and carcinogenicity and drug resistance, starting from the unique structure and kinase activity of HER3. Simultaneously, numerous approaches to HER3 targeted therapy are enumerated, and the clinical detection methods for HER3 that are commonly employed in pathology are sorted and contrasted to offer physicians a range of options. We think that a better knowledge of the mechanisms underlying HER3 in tumors and the advancement of targeted HER3 therapy will contribute to an improved prognosis for cancer patients and an increase in the efficacy of anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyi Gao
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengna Feng
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengjia Shen
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Libo Yang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Bing Wei
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongjie Zhou
- Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Zhang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
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2
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Ghaemi Z, Soltani BM, Mowla SJ. ErbB4-encoded novel miRNAs act as tumor suppressors by regulating ErbB/PI3K signaling. Tumour Biol 2022; 44:215-230. [DOI: 10.3233/tub-211570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: ErbB/PI3K signaling is widely recognized as a critical modulator of malignancy and miRNAs have been found to play a crucial role in the regulation of this pathway. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify novel miRNAs related to the ErbBs loci and investigate the functional effects of these miRNAs on ErbB/PI3K signaling in cancer progression. MATERIALS and METHODS: Bioinformatics tools and RNA-seq data were used to discover novel miRNAs in breast and colon cancer cells. Gene expression levels were determined using RT-qPCR. Western blotting and dual-luciferase assays were used to identify the regulatory mechanism between ErbB4-miR1/2 and related genes. The effects of ErbB4-miR1/2 on cell proliferation, viability, ROS production, and migration were assessed by PI-flow cytometry, colony formation, MTT, ROS, scratch, and transwell assays in SKBR3 and SW480 cells. RESULTS: MicroRNA prediction tools, RNA-seq data, RT-qPCR, and sequencing results identified ErbB4-miR1 and ErbB4-miR2 (ErbB4-miR1/2) as novel miRNAs encoded by ErbB4 gene. ErbB4-miR1/2 were downregulated in breast and colon tumor tissues and also in different cancerous cells. RT-qPCR and dual-luciferase assays revealed that ErbB2 and ErbB3 genes are regulated by ErbB4-miR1/2. Consistently, a decrease in the p-AKT/AKT protein ratio verified the suppressive effect of ErbB4-miR1/2 on ErbB/PI3K activity. Furthermore, ErbB4-miR1/2 overexpression suppressed cell proliferation, viability, and migration, and increased ROS production. CONCLUSIONS: ErbB4-miR1/2 are novel tumor suppressor miRNAs which attenuate ErbB/PI3K signaling in breast and colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ghaemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram M. Soltani
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Javad Mowla
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Therapeutic Implications of microRNAs in Depressive Disorders: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113530. [PMID: 36362315 PMCID: PMC9658840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are hidden players in complex psychophysical phenomena such as depression and anxiety related disorders though the activation and deactivation of multiple proteins in signaling cascades. Depression is classified as a mood disorder and described as feelings of sadness, loss, or anger that interfere with a person’s everyday activities. In this review, we have focused on exploration of the significant role of miRNAs in depression by affecting associated target proteins (cellular and synaptic) and their signaling pathways which can be controlled by the attachment of miRNAs at transcriptional and translational levels. Moreover, miRNAs have potential role as biomarkers and may help to cure depression through involvement and interactions with multiple pharmacological and physiological therapies. Taken together, miRNAs might be considered as promising novel therapy targets themselves and may interfere with currently available antidepressant treatments.
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Hashemi S, Yari N, Rahimi Jamnani F, Mahdian R, Karimi M, Zeinali S, Rafiee MH, Azizi M. The role of miRNA-377 as a tumor suppressor in lung cancer by negative regulation of genes belonging to ErbB signaling pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:85-95. [PMID: 34668101 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06844-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ErbB signaling pathway plays important role in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. We explored the role of miRNA-377 as a tumor suppressor in NSCLC through silencing of some genes in the ErbB pathway. METHODS AND RESULTS The targeting effect of miRNA-377 on EGFR, MAPK1, ABL2, and PAK2 was evaluated. The expression levels of these genes and miRNA-377 were surveyed in NSCLC and normal human tissues, Calu-6, and A549 cells. Real-time PCR was used to figure out whether miRNA-377 could decrease the target genes mRNAs in transfected lung cancer cell lines. The effects of miRNA-377 on apoptosis cell and proliferation were analyzed. We showed that miRNA-377 targets EGFR, MAPK1, and PAK2 mRNAs in in-silico and luciferase reporter assay. The expression of miRNA-377 was significantly downregulated in human NSCLC tissues, Calu-6 and A549 cells compared to their controls. We observed a negative correlation between EGFR, MAPK1, PAK2, and miRNA-377 expression in human NSCLC tissues. A significant reduction in EGFR, MAPK1, and PAK2 mRNA levels was detected, following miRNA-377 transfection in Calu-6 and A549 cells. The higher levels of miRNA-377 in Calu-6, and A549 cells induced apoptosis and reduced proliferation, significantly. CONCLUSIONS All these data reveal that miRNA-377 functions as a tumor suppressor in NSCLC and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Hashemi
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 69th Pasteur Street, Kargar Avenue, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naghmeh Yari
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 69th Pasteur Street, Kargar Avenue, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahimi Jamnani
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Mahdian
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 69th Pasteur Street, Kargar Avenue, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Karimi
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 69th Pasteur Street, Kargar Avenue, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sirous Zeinali
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 69th Pasteur Street, Kargar Avenue, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hesam Rafiee
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Azizi
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 69th Pasteur Street, Kargar Avenue, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Pu Z, Zhang W, Wang M, Xu M, Xie H, Zhao J. Schisandrin B Attenuates Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer through SIRT1 Linked SMURF2 Signaling. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:1773-1789. [PMID: 34632965 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Colon cancer, a common type of malignant tumor, seriously endangers human health. However, due to the relatively slow progress in diagnosis and treatment, the clinical therapeutic technology of colon cancer has not been substantially improved in the past three decades. The present study was designed to investigate the effects and involved mechanisms of schisandrin B in cell growth and metastasis of colon cancer. C57BL/6 mice received AOM and dextran sulfate sodium. Mice in treatment groups were gavaged with 3.75-30 mg/kg/day of schisandrin B. Transwell chamber migration, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot analysis, immunoprecipitation (IP) and immunofluorescence were conducted, and HCT116 cell line was employed in this study. Data showed that schisandrin B inhibited tumor number and tumor size in the AOD+DSS-induced colon cancer mouse model. Schisandrin B also inhibited cell proliferation and metastasis of colon cancer cells. We observed that schisandrin B induced SMURF2 protein expression and affected SIRT1 in vitro and in vivo. SMURF2 interacted with SIRT1 protein, and there was a negative correlation between SIRT1 and SMURF2 expressions in human colorectal cancer. The regulation of SMURF2 was involved in the anticancer effects of schisandrin B in both in vitro and in vivo models. In conclusion, the present study revealed that schisandrin B suppressed SIRT1 protein expression, and SIRT1 is negatively correlated with the induction of SMURF2, which inhibited cell growth and metastasis of colon cancer. Schisandrin B could be a leading compound, which will contribute to finding novel potential agents and therapeutic targets for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichen Pu
- Drug Clinical Evaluation, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Non-Coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second affiliated hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P. R. China
| | - Minhui Wang
- Drug Clinical Evaluation, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P. R. China
| | - Maodi Xu
- Drug Clinical Evaluation, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P. R. China
| | - Haitang Xie
- Drug Clinical Evaluation, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Second affiliated hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P. R. China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P. R. China
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6
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Keysberg C, Hertel O, Schelletter L, Busche T, Sochart C, Kalinowski J, Hoffrogge R, Otte K, Noll T. Exploring the molecular content of CHO exosomes during bioprocessing. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:3673-3689. [PMID: 33937930 PMCID: PMC8102462 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11309-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Abstract In biopharmaceutical production, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells derived from Cricetulus griseus remain the most commonly used host cell for recombinant protein production, especially antibodies. Over the last decade, in-depth multi-omics characterization of these CHO cells provided data for extensive cell line engineering and corresponding increases in productivity. However, exosomes, extracellular vesicles containing proteins and nucleic acids, are barely researched at all in CHO cells. Exosomes have been proven to be a ubiquitous mediator of intercellular communication and are proposed as new biopharmaceutical format for drug delivery, indicator reflecting host cell condition and anti-apoptotic factor in spent media. Here we provide a brief overview of different separation techniques and subsequently perform a proteome and regulatory, non-coding RNA analysis of exosomes, derived from lab-scale bioreactor cultivations of a CHO-K1 cell line, to lay out reference data for further research in the field. Applying bottom-up orbitrap shotgun proteomics and next-generation small RNA sequencing, we detected 1395 proteins, 144 micro RNA (miRNA), and 914 PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) species differentially across the phases of a batch cultivation process. The exosomal proteome and RNA data are compared with other extracellular fractions and cell lysate, yielding several significantly exosome-enriched species. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Key points • First-time comprehensive protein and miRNA characterization of CHO exosomes. • Isolation protocol and time point of bioprocess strongly affect quality of extracellular vesicles. • CHO-derived exosomes also contain numerous piRNA species of yet unknown function. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-021-11309-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Keysberg
- Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany. .,University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Biberach, Germany.
| | - Oliver Hertel
- Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.,Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Louise Schelletter
- Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.,Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Tobias Busche
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Jörn Kalinowski
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Raimund Hoffrogge
- Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.,Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Kerstin Otte
- University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Biberach, Germany
| | - Thomas Noll
- Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.,Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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7
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Chauhan SJ, Thyagarajan A, Sahu RP. Functional Significance of Mirna-149 in Lung Cancer: Can it be Utilized as a Potential Biomarker or a Therapeutic Target? AUSTIN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ONCOLOGY 2020; 7:1048. [PMID: 38628497 PMCID: PMC11019914 DOI: 10.26420/austinjmedoncol.2020.1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has documented the significance of miR-149 as a promising tumor-suppressive non-coding RNA that play critical roles in regulating genes involved in cancer growth and metastasis. Notably, the ability of miR-149 to be utilized as a potential biomarker in the diagnosis/prognosis or a therapeutic target has also been explored using various cellular and preclinical models, as well as in clinical settings of lung cancer. While the applicability of miR-149 in assessing tumor progression has been suggested, its potential in predicting treatment outcomes is needed to be verified in diverse settings of lung cancer patients. The current review presents an overview of the functional significance of miR-149 with ongoing challenges in non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Chauhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, USA
| | - A Thyagarajan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, USA
| | - R P Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, USA
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8
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Jia B, Yin X, Wang Y, Qian J, He Y, Yang C, Yu G, Guo B, Meng X. CircRNA-PTN Sponges miR-326 to Promote Proliferation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:4893-4903. [PMID: 32581550 PMCID: PMC7269632 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s251300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mounting evidences reveal that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are critical to regulate biological behavior and process of tumor. Our objective is to explore the role of circRNA-PTN (circPTN) and explain the exact mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Real-time polymerase chain reaction assay was used to detect the level of circPTN and miR-326. The proliferation of cell was measured by CCK-8 assay and EdU assay. Western blot assay was performed to assess ErbB/PI3K expression. Luciferase and RNA pull-down assays were carried out to confirm the interaction between circPTN and miR-326. Results Our results indicated that circPTN was upregulated in human hepatocellular carcinoma tumor tissues and cell lines, compared with paratumor tissues and immortalized normal liver cell line. circPTN could significantly promote HCC tumor growth according to gain-and loss-of-function assays. Additionally, we determined that circPTN acted as a sponge through interacting with miR-326. Overexpression of miR-326 could rescue the cell proliferation inhibition and ErbB/PI3K downregulation in HCC cells by circPTN. Besides, the effects of miR-326 on HCC were missing when circPTN binding sites were mutated. Conclusion Our study indicates that circPTN acts as an oncogenic factor via sponging miR-326 in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benli Jia
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yin
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Qian
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan He
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Guo
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangling Meng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, People's Republic of China
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9
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miRNAs-dependent regulation of synapse formation and function. Genes Genomics 2020; 42:837-845. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-020-00940-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Thomas KT, Gross C, Bassell GJ. microRNAs Sculpt Neuronal Communication in a Tight Balance That Is Lost in Neurological Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:455. [PMID: 30618607 PMCID: PMC6299112 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of the first microRNA 25 years ago, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators of gene expression within the mammalian brain. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that direct the RNA induced silencing complex to complementary sites on mRNA targets, leading to translational repression and/or mRNA degradation. Within the brain, intra- and extracellular signaling events tune the levels and activities of miRNAs to suit the needs of individual neurons under changing cellular contexts. Conversely, miRNAs shape neuronal communication by regulating the synthesis of proteins that mediate synaptic transmission and other forms of neuronal signaling. Several miRNAs have been shown to be critical for brain function regulating, for example, enduring forms of synaptic plasticity and dendritic morphology. Deficits in miRNA biogenesis have been linked to neurological deficits in humans, and widespread changes in miRNA levels occur in epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, and in response to less dramatic brain insults in rodent models. Manipulation of certain miRNAs can also alter the representation and progression of some of these disorders in rodent models. Recently, microdeletions encompassing MIR137HG, the host gene which encodes the miRNA miR-137, have been linked to autism and intellectual disability, and genome wide association studies have linked this locus to schizophrenia. Recent studies have demonstrated that miR-137 regulates several forms of synaptic plasticity as well as signaling cascades thought to be aberrant in schizophrenia. Together, these studies suggest a mechanism by which miRNA dysregulation might contribute to psychiatric disease and highlight the power of miRNAs to influence the human brain by sculpting communication between neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen T. Thomas
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Christina Gross
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Gary J. Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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11
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Li X, Xu Y, Ding Y, Li C, Zhao H, Wang J, Meng S. Posttranscriptional upregulation of HER3 by HER2 mRNA induces trastuzumab resistance in breast cancer. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:113. [PMID: 30068375 PMCID: PMC6090962 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0862-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HER2 gene amplification generates an enormous number of HER2 transcripts, but the global effects on endogenous miRNA targets including HER family members in breast cancer are unexplored. METHODS We generated a HER2-3'UTR expressing vector to test the tumor-promoting properties in HER2 low expressing T47D and MCF7 cells. Through microarray analysis and real-time PCR analysis we identified genes that were regulated by HER2-3'UTR. Positive and negative manipulation of miRNA expression, response element mutational studies and transcript reporter assays were performed to explore the mechanism of competitive sequestration of miR125a/miRNA125b by HER2 3'UTR. To investigate if trastuzumab-induced upregulation of HER3 is also mediated through miRNA de-repression, we used the CRISPR/cas9 to mutate the endogenous HER2 mRNA in HER2 over-expressing Au565 cells. Finally, we looked at cohorts of breast cancer samples of our own and the TCGA to show if HER2 and HER3 mRNAs correlate with each other. RESULTS The HER2 3'UTR pronouncedly promoted cell proliferation, colony formation, and breast tumor growth. High-throughput sequencing revealed a significant increase in HER3 mRNA and protein levels by the HER2 3'untranslated region (3'UTR). The HER2 3'UTR harboring a shared miR-125a/b response element induced miR-125a/b sequestration and thus resulted in HER3 mRNA derepression. Trastuzumab treatment upregulated HER3 via elevated HER2 mRNA expression, leading to trastuzumab resistance. Depletion of miR-125a/b enhanced the antitumor activity of trastuzumab. Microarray data from HER2-overexpressing primary breast cancer showed significant elevation of mRNAs for predicted miR-125a/b targets compared to non-targets. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that HER2 3'UTR-mediated HER3 upregulation is involved in breast cell transformation, increased tumor growth, and resistance to anti-HER2 therapy. The combinatorial targeting of HER3 mRNA or miR-125a/b may offer an effective tool for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuxiu Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yun Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Changfei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiandong Wang
- The General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Songdong Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Zhi Y, Zhou H, Mubalake A, Chen Y, Zhang B, Zhang K, Chu X, Wang R. Regulation and functions of MicroRNA-149 in human cancers. Cell Prolif 2018; 51:e12465. [PMID: 29999552 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that play critical roles in the regulatory mechanisms involving cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and tumorigenesis. Recent research efforts have been conducted to apply these discoveries into clinical functions, including the early diagnosis and therapeutic outcome of patients with cancer. Previous studies have shown that microRNA-149 (miR-149) is dysregulated in various human cancers and exerts its effects on tumorigenesis and tumour progression. In this review, we summarized the potential roles of miR-149 dysregulation and its target genes during tumorigenesis and clinical treatment of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingru Zhi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Abudoureyimu Mubalake
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Kurata JS, Lin RJ. MicroRNA-focused CRISPR-Cas9 library screen reveals fitness-associated miRNAs. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 24:966-981. [PMID: 29720387 PMCID: PMC6004052 DOI: 10.1261/rna.066282.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are post-transcriptional gene regulators that play important roles in the control of cell fitness, differentiation, and development. The CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing system is composed of the Cas9 nuclease in complex with a single guide RNA (sgRNA) and directs DNA cleavage at a predetermined site. Several CRISPR-Cas9 libraries have been constructed for genome-scale knockout screens of protein function; however, few libraries have included miRNA genes. Here we constructed a miRNA-focused CRISPR-Cas9 library that targets 1594 (85%) annotated human miRNA stem-loops. The sgRNAs in our LX-miR library are designed to have high on-target and low off-target activity, and each miRNA is targeted by four to five sgRNAs. We used this sgRNA library to screen for miRNAs that affect cell fitness of HeLa or NCI-N87 cells by monitoring the change in frequency of each sgRNA over time. By considering the expression in the tested cells and the dysregulation of the miRNAs in cancer specimens, we identified five HeLa pro-fitness and cervical cancer up-regulated miRNAs (miR-31-5p, miR-92b-3p, miR-146b-5p, miR-151a-3p, and miR-194-5p). Similarly, we identified six NCI-N87 pro-fitness and gastric cancer up-regulated miRNAs (miR-95-3p, miR-181a-5p, miR-188-5p, miR-196b-5p, miR-584-5p, and miR-1304-3p), as well as three anti-fitness and down-regulated miRNAs (let-7a-3p, miR-100-5p, and miR-149-5p). Some of those miRNAs are known to be oncogenic or tumor-suppressive, but others are novel. Taken together, the LX-miR library is useful for genome-wide unbiased screening to identify miRNAs important for cellular fitness and likely to be useful for other functional screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Kurata
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences of the City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Ren-Jang Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences of the City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
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14
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Baldassari F, Zerbinati C, Galasso M, Corrà F, Minotti L, Agnoletto C, Previati M, Croce CM, Volinia S. Screen for MicroRNA and Drug Interactions in Breast Cancer Cell Lines Points to miR-126 as a Modulator of CDK4/6 and PIK3CA Inhibitors. Front Genet 2018; 9:174. [PMID: 29868122 PMCID: PMC5968201 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BC) represents the most common cancer in women worldwide. Due to its heterogeneous nature, breast cancer management might benefit from differential treatments toward personalized medicine. Additionally, drug resistance is a common phenomenon. We systematically investigated the effect of 14 different drugs administered on BC cell lines in combination with microRNAs (miRNA, miR). Methods: Thirty-eight miRNAs, all associated with BC by clinical and molecular parameters including progression, prognosis and subtypes, were tested for their effects on the viability of 12 different BC cell lines. Four miRNAs with the strongest impact on viability were further assayed in combination with 14 BC drugs. Mann–Whitney U-test with Bonferroni correction was used for statistical analysis. Results: In a miRNA only pre-screen we observed effects on BC cell lines' viability for 34 out of 38 candidate miRNAs. We then identified 14 miRNA/drug combinations for which the combination IC50 was lower than that of both miRNA and drug as single agents. miR-181a, paired with GSK1070916, Doxorubicin, XL765 and AMG511, was the only miRNA active on the triple negative (TNBC) MDA-MB-468 cell line. miR-126 was the only miRNA (in combination with CDK4/6 or PIK3CA inhibitors) with significant effects on cell lines from different subtypes: MCF7 (Luminal) and MDA-MB-453 (HER2+). Because of its activity on different BC subtypes, we investigated the genome wide effects of miR-126 using transcriptomics and confirmed that expression of miR-126 in BC cell lines affected cell cycle and mitosis. Conclusion: Our results show that a combination treatment with miRNAs, in particular miR-181a, miR-326, miR-9 and miR-126, enhance the activity of specific BC drugs in vitro, even on the most aggressive BC subtypes, HER2+ and TNBC. Finally, as expected from its drug interactions, based on a whole transcriptome study we could confirm a role for miR-126 in cell cycle regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Baldassari
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlotta Zerbinati
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marco Galasso
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabio Corrà
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Linda Minotti
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Agnoletto
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maurizio Previati
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Stefano Volinia
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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15
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He Y, Yu D, Zhu L, Zhong S, Zhao J, Tang J. miR-149 in Human Cancer: A Systemic Review. J Cancer 2018; 9:375-388. [PMID: 29344284 PMCID: PMC5771345 DOI: 10.7150/jca.21044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression via binding to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of targeted mRNAs. They are reported to play important roles in tumorigenesis and progression of various cancers. Among them, miR-149 was confirmed to be aberrantly regulated in various tumors. In this review, we provide a complex overview of miR-149, particularly summarize the critical roles of it in cancers and expect to lay the foundation for future works on this important microRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjie He
- The First Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Yu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Lingping Zhu
- The First Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Shanliang Zhong
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jinhai Tang
- The First Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China.,Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
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16
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Singla H, Ludhiadch A, Kaur RP, Chander H, Kumar V, Munshi A. Recent advances in HER2 positive breast cancer epigenetics: Susceptibility and therapeutic strategies. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 142:316-327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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17
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Gastebois C, Chanon S, Rome S, Durand C, Pelascini E, Jalabert A, Euthine V, Pialoux V, Blanc S, Simon C, Lefai E. Transition from physical activity to inactivity increases skeletal muscle miR-148b content and triggers insulin resistance. Physiol Rep 2017; 4:4/17/e12902. [PMID: 27597765 PMCID: PMC5027343 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated miR‐148b as a potential physiological actor of physical inactivity‐induced effects in skeletal muscle. By using animal and human protocols, we demonstrated that the early phase of transition toward inactivity was associated with an increase in muscle miR‐148b content, which triggered the downregulation of NRAS and ROCK1 target genes. Using human myotubes, we demonstrated that overexpression of miR‐148b decreased NRAS and ROCK1 protein levels, and PKB phosphorylation and glucose uptake in response to insulin. Increase in muscle miR‐148b content might thus participate in the decrease in insulin sensitivity at the whole body level during the transition toward physical inactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Gastebois
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060 INRA 1397 University of Lyon 1, Oullins, France
| | - Stéphanie Chanon
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060 INRA 1397 University of Lyon 1, Oullins, France
| | - Sophie Rome
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060 INRA 1397 University of Lyon 1, Oullins, France
| | - Christine Durand
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060 INRA 1397 University of Lyon 1, Oullins, France
| | - Elise Pelascini
- Department of Digestive and Bariatric Surgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Audrey Jalabert
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060 INRA 1397 University of Lyon 1, Oullins, France
| | - Vanessa Euthine
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060 INRA 1397 University of Lyon 1, Oullins, France
| | | | - Stéphane Blanc
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, CNRS UMR 7178 University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Chantal Simon
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060 INRA 1397 University of Lyon 1, Oullins, France
| | - Etienne Lefai
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060 INRA 1397 University of Lyon 1, Oullins, France
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18
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Strotbek M, Schmid S, Sánchez-González I, Boerries M, Busch H, Olayioye MA. miR-181 elevates Akt signaling by co-targeting PHLPP2 and INPP4B phosphatases in luminal breast cancer. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:2310-2320. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Strotbek
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart; 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Simone Schmid
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart; 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | | | - Melanie Boerries
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg; 79104 Freiburg Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg 69120 Germany
| | - Hauke Busch
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg; 79104 Freiburg Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg 69120 Germany
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
| | - Monilola A. Olayioye
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart; 70569 Stuttgart Germany
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology (SRCSB), University of Stuttgart; Stuttgart Germany
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19
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Fang Y, Zhang L, Li Z, Li Y, Huang C, Lu X. MicroRNAs in DNA Damage Response, Carcinogenesis, and Chemoresistance. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 333:1-49. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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20
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Wang HN, Crawford BM, Fales AM, Bowie ML, Seewaldt VL, Vo-Dinh T. Multiplexed Detection of MicroRNA Biomarkers Using SERS-Based Inverse Molecular Sentinel (iMS) Nanoprobes. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2016; 120:21047-21050. [PMID: 29051793 PMCID: PMC5645027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b03299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have demonstrated great promise as a novel class of biomarkers for early detection of various cancers, including breast cancer. However, due to technical difficulties in detecting these small molecules, miRNAs have not been adopted into routine clinical practice for early diagnostics. Thus, it is important to develop alternative detection strategies that could offer more advantages over conventional methods. Here, we demonstrate the application of a "turn-on" SERS sensing technology, referred to as "inverse Molecular Sentinel (iMS)" nanoprobes, as a homogeneous assay for multiplexed detection of miRNAs. This SERS nanoprobe involves the use of plasmonic-active nanostars as the sensing platform. The "OFF-to-ON" signal switch is based on a nonenzymatic strand-displacement process and the conformational change of stem-loop (hairpin) oligonucleotide probes upon target binding. This technique was previously used to detect a synthetic DNA sequence of interest. In this study, we modified the design of the nanoprobe to be used for the detection of short (22-nt) miRNA sequences. The demonstration of using iMS nanoprobes to detect miRNAs in real biological samples was performed with total small RNA extracted from breast cancer cell lines. The multiplex capability of the iMS technique was demonstrated using a mixture of the two differently labeled nanoprobes to detect miR-21 and miR-34a miRNA biomarkers for breast cancer. The results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of applying the iMS technique for multiplexed detection of short miRNAs molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Neng Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Bridget M. Crawford
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Andrew M. Fales
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Michelle L. Bowie
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Victoria L. Seewaldt
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Tuan Vo-Dinh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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21
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Recent trends in microRNA research into breast cancer with particular focus on the associations between microRNAs and intrinsic subtypes. J Hum Genet 2016; 62:15-24. [PMID: 27439682 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2016.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that regulate the function of target genes at the post-transcriptional phase. miRNAs are considered to have roles in the development, progression and metastasis of cancer. Recent studies have indicated that particular miRNA signatures are correlated with tumor aggressiveness, response to drug therapy and patient outcome in breast cancer. On the other hand, in routine clinical practice, the treatment regimens for breast cancer are determined based on the intrinsic subtype of the primary tumor. Previous studies have shown that miRNA expression profiles of each intrinsic subtypes of breast cancer differ. In hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer, miRNA expressions are found to be correlated with endocrine therapy resistance, progesterone receptor expression and heat shock protein activity. Some miRNAs are associated with resistance to HER2-targeted therapy and HER3 expression in HER2-positive breast cancer. In triple-negative breast cancer, miRNA expressions are found to be associated with BRCA mutations, immune system, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cancer stem cell properties and androgen receptor expression. As it has been clarified that the expression levels and functions of miRNA differ among the various subtypes of breast cancer, and it is necessary to take account of the characteristics of each breast cancer subtype during research into the roles of miRNA in breast cancer. In addition, the discovery of the roles played by miRNAs in breast cancer might provide new opportunities for the development of novel strategies for diagnosing and treating breast cancer.
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22
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Politano G, Orso F, Raimo M, Benso A, Savino A, Taverna D, Di Carlo S. CyTRANSFINDER: a Cytoscape 3.3 plugin for three-component (TF, gene, miRNA) signal transduction pathway construction. BMC Bioinformatics 2016; 17:157. [PMID: 27059647 PMCID: PMC4826505 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-016-0964-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biological research increasingly relies on network models to study complex phenomena. Signal Transduction Pathways are molecular circuits that model how cells receive, process, and respond to information from the environment providing snapshots of the overall cell dynamics. Most of the attempts to reconstruct signal transduction pathways are limited to single regulator networks including only genes/proteins. However, networks involving a single type of regulator and neglecting transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulations mediated by transcription factors and microRNAs, respectively, may not fully reveal the complex regulatory mechanisms of a cell. We observed a lack of computational instruments supporting explorative analysis on this type of three-component signal transduction pathways. Results We have developed CyTRANSFINDER, a new Cytoscape plugin able to infer three-component signal transduction pathways based on user defined regulatory patterns and including miRNAs, TFs and genes. Since CyTRANSFINDER has been designed to support exploratory analysis, it does not rely on expression data. To show the potential of the plugin we have applied it in a study of two miRNAs that are particularly relevant in human melanoma progression, miR-146a and miR-214. Conclusions CyTRANSFINDER supports the reconstruction of small signal transduction pathways among groups of genes. Results obtained from its use in a real case study have been analyzed and validated through both literature data and preliminary wet-lab experiments, showing the potential of this tool when performing exploratory analysis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12859-016-0964-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Politano
- Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino, 10129, Italy
| | - Francesca Orso
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Via Nizza, 52, Torino, 10126, Italy.,Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza, 52, Torino, 10126, Italy.,Center for Complex Systems in Molecular Biology and Medicine, Via Accademia Albertina, 13, Torino, 10123, Italy
| | - Monica Raimo
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Via Nizza, 52, Torino, 10126, Italy.,Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza, 52, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Alfredo Benso
- Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino, 10129, Italy
| | - Alessandro Savino
- Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino, 10129, Italy
| | - Daniela Taverna
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Via Nizza, 52, Torino, 10126, Italy.,Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza, 52, Torino, 10126, Italy.,Center for Complex Systems in Molecular Biology and Medicine, Via Accademia Albertina, 13, Torino, 10123, Italy
| | - Stefano Di Carlo
- Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino, 10129, Italy.
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MicroRNAs and Growth Factors: An Alliance Propelling Tumor Progression. J Clin Med 2015; 4:1578-99. [PMID: 26287249 PMCID: PMC4555078 DOI: 10.3390/jcm4081578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor progression requires cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and attraction of blood and lymph vessels. These processes are tightly regulated by growth factors and their intracellular signaling pathways, which culminate in transcriptional programs. Hence, oncogenic mutations often capture growth factor signaling, and drugs able to intercept the underlying biochemical routes might retard cancer spread. Along with messenger RNAs, microRNAs play regulatory roles in growth factor signaling and in tumor progression. Because growth factors regulate abundance of certain microRNAs and the latter modulate the abundance of proteins necessary for growth factor signaling, the two classes of molecules form a dense web of interactions, which are dominated by a few recurring modules. We review specific examples of the alliance formed by growth factors and microRNAs and refer primarily to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) pathway. Clinical applications of the crosstalk between microRNAs and growth factors are described, including relevance to cancer therapy and to emergence of resistance to specific drugs.
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