1
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Tien SC, Chang CC, Huang CH, Peng HY, Chang YT, Chang MC, Lee WH, Hu CM. Exosomal miRNA 16-5p/29a-3p from pancreatic cancer induce adipose atrophy by inhibiting adipogenesis and promoting lipolysis. iScience 2024; 27:110346. [PMID: 39055920 PMCID: PMC11269291 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Over 80% of the patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have cachexia/wasting syndrome. Cachexia is associated with reduced survival, decreased quality of life, and higher metastasis rates. Here, we demonstrate that fat loss is the earliest feature of PDAC-exosome-induced cachexia. MicroRNA sequencing of exosomal components from normal and cancer-derived exosomes revealed enrichment of miR-16-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-29a-3p, and miR-125b-5p in serum exosomes of mice harboring PDAC and patients with PDAC. Further, miR-16-5p and miR-29a-3p inhibited adipogenesis through decreasing Erlin2 and Cmpk1 expression which downregulates C/EBPβ and PPARγ. Synergistically, miR-29a-3p promotes lipolysis through increasing ATGL expression by suppressing MCT1 expression. Furthermore, PDAC-exosomes deprived of miR-16-5p and miR-29a-3p fail to induce fat loss. Hence, miR-16-5p and miR-29a-3p exosomal miRs are essential for PDAC-induced fat loss. Thus, we unravel that PDAC induces adipose atrophy via exosomal miRs. This knowledge may provide new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for PDAC-induced cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sui-Chih Tien
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chun Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsuan-Yu Peng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Zhubei City, Hsinchu County 302058, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chu Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hwa Lee
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
- Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Chun-Mei Hu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
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2
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Dantzer C, Vaché J, Brunel A, Mahouche I, Raymond AA, Dupuy JW, Petrel M, Bioulac-Sage P, Perrais D, Dugot-Senant N, Verdier M, Bessette B, Billottet C, Moreau V. Emerging role of oncogenic ß-catenin in exosome biogenesis as a driver of immune escape in hepatocellular carcinoma. eLife 2024; 13:RP95191. [PMID: 39008536 PMCID: PMC11249736 DOI: 10.7554/elife.95191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have produced encouraging results in cancer patients. However, the majority of ß-catenin-mutated tumors have been described as lacking immune infiltrates and resistant to immunotherapy. The mechanisms by which oncogenic ß-catenin affects immune surveillance remain unclear. Herein, we highlighted the involvement of ß-catenin in the regulation of the exosomal pathway and, by extension, in immune/cancer cell communication in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We showed that mutated ß-catenin represses expression of SDC4 and RAB27A, two main actors in exosome biogenesis, in both liver cancer cell lines and HCC patient samples. Using nanoparticle tracking analysis and live-cell imaging, we further demonstrated that activated ß-catenin represses exosome release. Then, we demonstrated in 3D spheroid models that activation of β-catenin promotes a decrease in immune cell infiltration through a defect in exosome secretion. Taken together, our results provide the first evidence that oncogenic ß-catenin plays a key role in exosome biogenesis. Our study gives new insight into the impact of ß-catenin mutations on tumor microenvironment remodeling, which could lead to the development of new strategies to enhance immunotherapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justine Vaché
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, U1312, BRICBordeauxFrance
| | - Aude Brunel
- Université de Limoges, INSERM, U1308, CAPTuRLimogesFrance
| | | | - Anne-Aurélie Raymond
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, U1312, BRICBordeauxFrance
- Plateforme OncoProt, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, TBM-Core, US5, UAR3457BordeauxFrance
| | - Jean-William Dupuy
- Plateforme OncoProt, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, TBM-Core, US5, UAR3457BordeauxFrance
- Plateforme Protéome, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux ProteomeBordeauxFrance
| | - Melina Petrel
- Bordeaux Imaging Center, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, BICBordeauxFrance
| | | | - David Perrais
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - Nathalie Dugot-Senant
- Plateforme d'histologie, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, TBM-Core, US5, UAR3457BordeauxFrance
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3
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Li J, Lin W, Huang T, Chen M, Lin Q. IL-12 improves the anti-HCC efficacy of dendritic cells loaded with exosomes from overexpressing Rab27a tumor cells. Exp Cell Res 2024; 439:114073. [PMID: 38704079 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Determining the appropriate source of antigens for optimal antigen presentation to T cells is a major challenge in designing dendritic cell (DC) -based therapeutic strategies against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Tumor-derived exosomes (Tex) express a wide range of tumor antigens, making them a promising source of antigens for DC vaccines. As reported, the exosomes secreted by tumor cells can inhibit the antitumor function of immune cells. In this study, we transfected hepatocellular carcinoma cells with Rab27a to enhance the yield of exosomes, which were characterized using transmission electron microscopy and Western blot analysis. We found that Tex secreted by overexpressing Rab27a Hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines pulsed DC is beneficial for the differentiation and maturation of DCs but inhibits the secretion of the IL-12 cytokine. Consequently, we developed a complementary immunotherapy approach by using Tex as an antigen loaded onto DCs, in combination with the cytokine IL-12 to induce antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). The results indicated that the combination of DC-Tex and IL-12 was more effective in stimulating T lymphocyte proliferation, releasing IFN-γ, and enhancing cytotoxicity compared to using exosomes or IL-12 alone. Additionally, the inclusion of IL-12 also compensated for the reduced IL-2 secretion by DCs caused by Tex. Moreover, in a BALB/c nude mice model of hepatocellular carcinoma, CTLs induced by DC-Tex combined with IL-12 maximized the tumor-specific T-cell immune effect and suppressed tumor growth. Thus, Tex provides a novel and promising source of antigens, with cytokines compensating for the shortcomings of Tex as a tumor antigen. This work helps to clarify the role of exosomes in tumor immunotherapy and may offer a safe and effective prospective strategy for the clinical application of exosome-based cellular immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- JieYu Li
- Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, China
| | - WanSong Lin
- Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, China
| | - TianYing Huang
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - MingShui Chen
- Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, China.
| | - QiaoYan Lin
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, China.
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4
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Pandya P, Al-Qasrawi DS, Klinge S, Justilien V. Extracellular vesicles in non-small cell lung cancer stemness and clinical applications. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1369356. [PMID: 38765006 PMCID: PMC11099288 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1369356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) accounts for 85% of lung cancers, the leading cause of cancer associated deaths in the US and worldwide. Within NSCLC tumors, there is a subpopulation of cancer cells termed cancer stem cells (CSCs) which exhibit stem-like properties that drive NSCLC progression, metastasis, relapse, and therapeutic resistance. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound nanoparticles secreted by cells that carry vital messages for short- and long-range intercellular communication. Numerous studies have implicated NSCLC CSC-derived EVs in the factors associated with NSCLC lethality. In this review, we have discussed mechanisms of EV-directed cross-talk between CSCs and cells of the tumor microenvironment that promote stemness, tumor progression and metastasis in NSCLC. The mechanistic studies discussed herein have provided insights for developing novel NSCLC diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and strategies to therapeutically target the NSCLC CSC niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prita Pandya
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | | | - Skyeler Klinge
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Verline Justilien
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
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5
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Ferreira A, Castanheira P, Escrevente C, Barral DC, Barona T. Membrane trafficking alterations in breast cancer progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1350097. [PMID: 38533085 PMCID: PMC10963426 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1350097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer in women, and remains one of the major causes of death in women worldwide. It is now well established that alterations in membrane trafficking are implicated in BC progression. Indeed, membrane trafficking pathways regulate BC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis. The 22 members of the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) and the >60 members of the rat sarcoma (RAS)-related in brain (RAB) families of small GTP-binding proteins (GTPases), which belong to the RAS superfamily, are master regulators of membrane trafficking pathways. ARF-like (ARL) subfamily members are involved in various processes, including vesicle budding and cargo selection. Moreover, ARFs regulate cytoskeleton organization and signal transduction. RABs are key regulators of all steps of membrane trafficking. Interestingly, the activity and/or expression of some of these proteins is found dysregulated in BC. Here, we review how the processes regulated by ARFs and RABs are subverted in BC, including secretion/exocytosis, endocytosis/recycling, autophagy/lysosome trafficking, cytoskeleton dynamics, integrin-mediated signaling, among others. Thus, we provide a comprehensive overview of the roles played by ARF and RAB family members, as well as their regulators in BC progression, aiming to lay the foundation for future research in this field. This research should focus on further dissecting the molecular mechanisms regulated by ARFs and RABs that are subverted in BC, and exploring their use as therapeutic targets or prognostic markers.
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6
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Kumar MA, Baba SK, Sadida HQ, Marzooqi SA, Jerobin J, Altemani FH, Algehainy N, Alanazi MA, Abou-Samra AB, Kumar R, Al-Shabeeb Akil AS, Macha MA, Mir R, Bhat AA. Extracellular vesicles as tools and targets in therapy for diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:27. [PMID: 38311623 PMCID: PMC10838959 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01735-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, membranous structures secreted into the extracellular space. They exhibit diverse sizes, contents, and surface markers and are ubiquitously released from cells under normal and pathological conditions. Human serum is a rich source of these EVs, though their isolation from serum proteins and non-EV lipid particles poses challenges. These vesicles transport various cellular components such as proteins, mRNAs, miRNAs, DNA, and lipids across distances, influencing numerous physiological and pathological events, including those within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Their pivotal roles in cellular communication make EVs promising candidates for therapeutic agents, drug delivery systems, and disease biomarkers. Especially in cancer diagnostics, EV detection can pave the way for early identification and offers potential as diagnostic biomarkers. Moreover, various EV subtypes are emerging as targeted drug delivery tools, highlighting their potential clinical significance. The need for non-invasive biomarkers to monitor biological processes for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes remains unfulfilled. Tapping into the unique composition of EVs could unlock advanced diagnostic and therapeutic avenues in the future. In this review, we discuss in detail the roles of EVs across various conditions, including cancers (encompassing head and neck, lung, gastric, breast, and hepatocellular carcinoma), neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, viral infections, autoimmune and renal diseases, emphasizing the potential advancements in molecular diagnostics and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudasir A Kumar
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Kashmir, 192122, India
| | - Sadaf K Baba
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Kashmir, 192122, India
| | - Hana Q Sadida
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara Al Marzooqi
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jayakumar Jerobin
- Qatar Metabolic Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Faisal H Altemani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naseh Algehainy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Alanazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Badi Abou-Samra
- Qatar Metabolic Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, India
| | - Ammira S Al-Shabeeb Akil
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Kashmir, 192122, India
| | - Rashid Mir
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
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7
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Li D, Wang L, Jiang B, Jing Y, Li X. Improving cancer immunotherapy by preventing cancer stem cell and immune cell linking in the tumor microenvironment. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116043. [PMID: 38128186 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are the key link between malignant tumor progression and drug resistance. This cell population has special properties that are different from those of conventional tumor cells, and the role of cancer stem cell-related exosomes in progression of tumor malignancy is becoming increasingly clear. Cancer stem cell-derived exosomes carry a variety of functional molecules involved in regulation of the microenvironment, especially with regard to immune cells, but how these exosomes exert their functions and the specific mechanisms need to be further clarified. Here, we summarize the role of cancer stem cell exosomes in regulating immune cells in detail, aiming to provide new insights for subsequent targeted drug development and clinical strategy formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Li
- Department of General Surgery & VIP In-Patient Ward, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Province 110001, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Province 110001, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Province 110001, China
| | - Yuchen Jing
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Province 110001, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Province 110001, China.
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8
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Al-Jipouri A, Eritja À, Bozic M. Unraveling the Multifaceted Roles of Extracellular Vesicles: Insights into Biology, Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutical Applications for Drug Delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:485. [PMID: 38203656 PMCID: PMC10779093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles released from various cell types that have emerged as powerful new therapeutic option for a variety of diseases. EVs are involved in the transmission of biological signals between cells and in the regulation of a variety of biological processes, highlighting them as potential novel targets/platforms for therapeutics intervention and/or delivery. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate new aspects of EVs' biogenesis, biodistribution, metabolism, and excretion as well as safety/compatibility of both unmodified and engineered EVs upon administration in different pharmaceutical dosage forms and delivery systems. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of essential physiological and pathological roles of EVs in different organs and organ systems. We provide an overview regarding application of EVs as therapeutic targets, therapeutics, and drug delivery platforms. We also explore various approaches implemented over the years to improve the dosage of specific EV products for different administration routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Al-Jipouri
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Àuria Eritja
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLLEIDA), 25196 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Milica Bozic
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany;
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLLEIDA), 25196 Lleida, Spain;
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9
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Dumitru AV, Stoica EE, Covache-Busuioc RA, Bratu BG, Cirstoiu MM. Unraveling the Intricate Link: Deciphering the Role of the Golgi Apparatus in Breast Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14073. [PMID: 37762375 PMCID: PMC10531533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer represents a paramount global health challenge, warranting intensified exploration of the molecular underpinnings influencing its progression to facilitate the development of precise diagnostic instruments and customized therapeutic regimens. Historically, the Golgi apparatus has been acknowledged for its primary role in protein sorting and trafficking within cellular contexts. However, recent findings suggest a potential link between modifications in Golgi apparatus function and organization and the pathogenesis of breast cancer. This review delivers an exhaustive analysis of this correlation. Specifically, we examine the consequences of disrupted protein glycosylation, compromised protein transport, and inappropriate oncoprotein processing on breast cancer cell dynamics. Furthermore, we delve into the impacts of Golgi-mediated secretory routes on the release of pro-tumorigenic factors during the course of breast cancer evolution. Elucidating the nuanced interplay between the Golgi apparatus and breast cancer can pave the way for innovative therapeutic interventions and the discovery of biomarkers, potentially enhancing the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic paradigms for afflicted patients. The advancement of such research could substantially expedite the realization of these objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Vasile Dumitru
- Department of Pathology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Pathology, University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Evelina-Elena Stoica
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania;
| | | | - Bogdan-Gabriel Bratu
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Monica-Mihaela Cirstoiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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10
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Cho H, Jung I, Ju H, Baek MC, Yea K. Engineered CD8 + T cell-derived extracellular vesicles induce enhanced anti-cancer efficacy and targeting to lung cancer cells. Cytokine 2023; 169:156249. [PMID: 37290276 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a common and highly malignant tumor. Although lung cancer treatments continue to advance, conventional therapies are limited and the response rate of patients to immuno-oncology drugs is low. This phenomenon raises an urgent need to develop effective therapeutic strategies for lung cancer. In this study, we genetically modified human primary CD8+ T cells and obtained antitumor extracellular vesicles (EVs) from them. The engineered EVs, containing interlekin-2 and the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody cetuximab on their surfaces, exhibited direct cytotoxicity against A549 human lung cancer cells and increased cancer cell susceptibility to human peripheral blood mononuclear cell-mediated cytotoxicity. In addition, the engineered EVs specifically targeted the lung cancer cells in an EGFR-dependent manner. Taken together, these findings show that surface engineering of cytokines and antibodies on CD8+ T cell-derived EVs not only enhances their antitumor effects but also confers target specificity, suggesting a potential of modifying the immune cell-derived EVs in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchae Cho
- Exosome Convergence Research Center (ECRC), Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Inseong Jung
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunji Ju
- Department of Molecular Medicine, CMRI, Exosome Convergence Research Center (ECRC), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Chang Baek
- Department of Molecular Medicine, CMRI, Exosome Convergence Research Center (ECRC), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyungmoo Yea
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea; New Biology Research Center, DGIST, Daegu 43024, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Loric S, Denis JA, Desbene C, Sabbah M, Conti M. Extracellular Vesicles in Breast Cancer: From Biology and Function to Clinical Diagnosis and Therapeutic Management. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7208. [PMID: 37108371 PMCID: PMC10139222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the first worldwide most frequent cancer in both sexes and the most commonly diagnosed in females. Although BC mortality has been thoroughly declining over the past decades, there are still considerable differences between women diagnosed with early BC and when metastatic BC is diagnosed. BC treatment choice is widely dependent on precise histological and molecular characterization. However, recurrence or distant metastasis still occurs even with the most recent efficient therapies. Thus, a better understanding of the different factors underlying tumor escape is mainly mandatory. Among the leading candidates is the continuous interplay between tumor cells and their microenvironment, where extracellular vesicles play a significant role. Among extracellular vesicles, smaller ones, also called exosomes, can carry biomolecules, such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, and generate signal transmission through an intercellular transfer of their content. This mechanism allows tumor cells to recruit and modify the adjacent and systemic microenvironment to support further invasion and dissemination. By reciprocity, stromal cells can also use exosomes to profoundly modify tumor cell behavior. This review intends to cover the most recent literature on the role of extracellular vesicle production in normal and cancerous breast tissues. Specific attention is paid to the use of extracellular vesicles for early BC diagnosis, follow-up, and prognosis because exosomes are actually under the spotlight of researchers as a high-potential source of liquid biopsies. Extracellular vesicles in BC treatment as new targets for therapy or efficient nanovectors to drive drug delivery are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Loric
- INSERM U538, CRSA, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, 75012 Paris, France; (J.A.D.)
| | | | - Cédric Desbene
- INSERM U538, CRSA, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, 75012 Paris, France; (J.A.D.)
| | - Michèle Sabbah
- INSERM U538, CRSA, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, 75012 Paris, France; (J.A.D.)
| | - Marc Conti
- INSERM U538, CRSA, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, 75012 Paris, France; (J.A.D.)
- INTEGRACELL SAS, 91160 Longjumeau, France
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12
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Morimoto Y, Yamashita N, Daimon T, Hirose H, Yamano S, Haratake N, Ishikawa S, Bhattacharya A, Fushimi A, Ahmad R, Takahashi H, Dashevsky O, Mitsiades C, Kufe D. MUC1-C is a master regulator of MICA/B NKG2D ligand and exosome secretion in human cancer cells. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e006238. [PMID: 36754452 PMCID: PMC9923360 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The MUC1-C protein evolved in mammals to protect barrier tissues from loss of homeostasis; however, MUC1-C promotes oncogenesis in association with chronic inflammation. Aberrant expression of MUC1-C in cancers has been linked to depletion and dysfunction of T cells in the tumor microenvironment. In contrast, there is no known involvement of MUC1-C in the regulation of natural killer (NK) cell function. METHODS Targeting MUC1-C genetically and pharmacologically in cancer cells was performed to assess effects on intracellular and cell surface expression of the MHC class I chain-related polypeptide A (MICA) and MICB ligands. The MICA/B promoters were analyzed for H3K27 and DNA methylation. Shedding of MICA/B was determined by ELISA. MUC1-C interactions with ERp5 and RAB27A were assessed by coimmunoprecipitation and direct binding studies. Exosomes were isolated for analysis of secretion. Purified NK cells were assayed for killing of cancer cell targets. RESULTS Our studies demonstrate that MUC1-C represses expression of the MICA and MICB ligands that activate the NK group 2D receptor. We show that the inflammatory MUC1-C→NF-κB pathway drives enhancer of zeste homolog 2-mediated and DNMT-mediated methylation of the MICA and MICB promoter regions. Targeting MUC1-C genetically and pharmacologically with the GO-203 inhibitor induced intracellular and cell surface MICA/B expression but not MICA/B cleavage. Mechanistically, MUC1-C regulates the ERp5 thiol oxidoreductase that is necessary for MICA/B protease digestion and shedding. In addition, MUC1-C interacts with the RAB27A protein, which is required for exosome formation and secretion. As a result, targeting MUC1-C markedly inhibited secretion of exosomes expressing MICA/B. In concert with these results, we show that targeting MUC1-C promotes NK cell-mediated killing. CONCLUSIONS These findings uncover pleotropic mechanisms by which MUC1-C confers evasion of cancer cells to NK cell recognition and destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Morimoto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nami Yamashita
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tatsuaki Daimon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Haruka Hirose
- Division of Systems Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shizuka Yamano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Naoki Haratake
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Satoshi Ishikawa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Atrayee Bhattacharya
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Atsushi Fushimi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rehan Ahmad
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hidekazu Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Olga Dashevsky
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Constantine Mitsiades
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Donald Kufe
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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A Network of MicroRNAs and mRNAs Involved in Melanosome Maturation and Trafficking Defines the Lower Response of Pigmentable Melanoma Cells to Targeted Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030894. [PMID: 36765859 PMCID: PMC9913661 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to increase their degree of pigmentation is an adaptive response that confers pigmentable melanoma cells higher resistance to BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) compared to non-pigmentable melanoma cells. METHODS Here, we compared the miRNome and the transcriptome profile of pigmentable 501Mel and SK-Mel-5 melanoma cells vs. non-pigmentable A375 melanoma cells, following treatment with the BRAFi vemurafenib (vem). In depth bioinformatic analyses (clusterProfiler, WGCNA and SWIMmeR) allowed us to identify the miRNAs, mRNAs and biological processes (BPs) that specifically characterize the response of pigmentable melanoma cells to the drug. Such BPs were studied using appropriate assays in vitro and in vivo (xenograft in zebrafish embryos). RESULTS Upon vem treatment, miR-192-5p, miR-211-5p, miR-374a-5p, miR-486-5p, miR-582-5p, miR-1260a and miR-7977, as well as GPR143, OCA2, RAB27A, RAB32 and TYRP1 mRNAs, are differentially expressed only in pigmentable cells. These miRNAs and mRNAs belong to BPs related to pigmentation, specifically melanosome maturation and trafficking. In fact, an increase in the number of intracellular melanosomes-due to increased maturation and/or trafficking-confers resistance to vem. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that the ability of pigmentable cells to increase the number of intracellular melanosomes fully accounts for their higher resistance to vem compared to non-pigmentable cells. In addition, we identified a network of miRNAs and mRNAs that are involved in melanosome maturation and/or trafficking. Finally, we provide the rationale for testing BRAFi in combination with inhibitors of these biological processes, so that pigmentable melanoma cells can be turned into more sensitive non-pigmentable cells.
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14
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Wang Y, Wang S, Li L, Zou Y, Liu B, Fang X. Microfluidics‐based molecular profiling of tumor‐derived exosomes for liquid biopsy. VIEW 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20220048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Wang
- School of Pharmacy Shanghai Stomatological Hospital Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Shurong Wang
- School of Pharmacy Shanghai Stomatological Hospital Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Lanting Li
- School of Pharmacy Shanghai Stomatological Hospital Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Yan Zou
- School of Pharmacy Shanghai Stomatological Hospital Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Baohong Liu
- School of Pharmacy Shanghai Stomatological Hospital Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Xiaoni Fang
- School of Pharmacy Shanghai Stomatological Hospital Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai China
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15
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Benito-Martín A, Jasiulionis MG, García-Silva S. Extracellular vesicles and melanoma: New perspectives on tumor microenvironment and metastasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1061982. [PMID: 36704194 PMCID: PMC9871288 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1061982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer particles without functional nucleus naturally released from cells which constitute an intercellular communication system. There is a broad spectrum of vesicles shed by cells based on their physical properties such as size (small EVs and large EVs), biogenesis, cargo and functions, which provide an increasingly heterogenous landscape. In addition, they are involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes. In cancer, EV release is opted by tumor cells as a beneficial process for tumor progression. Cutaneous melanoma is a cancer that originates from the melanocyte lineage and shows a favorable prognosis at early stages. However, when melanoma cells acquire invasive capacity, it constitutes the most aggressive and deadly skin cancer. In this context, extracellular vesicles have been shown their relevance in facilitating melanoma progression through the modulation of the microenvironment and metastatic spreading. In agreement with the melanosome secretory capacity of melanocytes, melanoma cells display an enhanced EV shedding activity that has contributed to the utility of melanoma models for unravelling EV cargo and functions within a cancer scenario. In this review, we provide an in-depth overview of the characteristics of melanoma-derived EVs and their role in melanoma progression highlighting key advances and remaining open questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Benito-Martín
- Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio (UAX), Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain,*Correspondence: Alberto Benito-Martín, ; Miriam Galvonas Jasiulionis, ; Susana García-Silva,
| | - Miriam Galvonas Jasiulionis
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,*Correspondence: Alberto Benito-Martín, ; Miriam Galvonas Jasiulionis, ; Susana García-Silva,
| | - Susana García-Silva
- Microenvironment and Metastasis Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: Alberto Benito-Martín, ; Miriam Galvonas Jasiulionis, ; Susana García-Silva,
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16
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NAMBARA SHO, MASUDA TAKAAKI, HIROSE KOSUKE, HU QINGJIANG, TOBO TARO, OZATO YUKI, KURASHIGE JUNJI, HIRAKI YOSHIKI, HISAMATSU YUICHI, IGUCHI TOMOHIRO, SUGIMACHI KEISHI, OKI EIJI, YOSHIZUMI TOMOHARU, MIMORI KOSHI. Rab27b, a Regulator of Exosome Secretion, Is Associated With Peritoneal Metastases in Gastric Cancer. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2023; 20:30-39. [PMID: 36581340 PMCID: PMC9806673 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Peritoneal metastasis (PM) of gastric cancer (GC) leads to poor clinical outcomes. Tumor-derived exosomes promote metastasis via communication between tumor cells and host cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of Rab27, which is required for exosome secretion, on the PM of GC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We established a stable knockdown of two Rab27 homologs, Rab27a and Rab27b, in human GC cells (58As9) with a high potential of PM. We examined the level of exosome secretion from Rab27-knockdown 58As9 cells by Western blotting and the ability of Rab27b knockdown to suppress PM in 58As9 cells using a mouse xenograft model. In vitro proliferation and invasion assays were performed in the Rab27b-knockdown cells. Next, Rab27b expression was evaluated in human GC tissues by immunohistochemistry. Finally, we assessed the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of Rab27b expression by RT-qPCR in both our and other TCGA datasets of GC. RESULTS Rab27a and Rab27b knockdown in 58As9 cells decreased the secretion of exosomes, characterized by the endocytic marker CD63. Rab27b knockdown decreased PM in vivo without affecting the in vitro proliferation or invasion ability of 58As9 cells. In human GC tissues, Rab27b was overexpressed in tumor cells. The overall and recurrence-free survival rates were significantly lower in GC patients with high compared to low Rab27b mRNA expression in our and other TCGA datasets. CONCLUSION Rab27b expression potentially serves as a poor prognostic biomarker, possibly affecting PM via exosome secretion from GC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- SHO NAMBARA
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan,Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - TAKAAKI MASUDA
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - KOSUKE HIROSE
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - QINGJIANG HU
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan,Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - TARO TOBO
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - YUKI OZATO
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - JUNJI KURASHIGE
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Kumamoto Medical Center, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - YOSHIKI HIRAKI
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - YUICHI HISAMATSU
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - TOMOHIRO IGUCHI
- Department of Surgery, Saiseikai Fukuoka General Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - KEISHI SUGIMACHI
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - EIJI OKI
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - TOMOHARU YOSHIZUMI
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - KOSHI MIMORI
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
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17
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Lucotti S, Kenific CM, Zhang H, Lyden D. Extracellular vesicles and particles impact the systemic landscape of cancer. EMBO J 2022; 41:e109288. [PMID: 36052513 PMCID: PMC9475536 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021109288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular cross talk between cancer cells and stromal and immune cells is essential for tumor progression and metastasis. Extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) are a heterogeneous class of secreted messengers that carry bioactive molecules and that have been shown to be crucial for this cell-cell communication. Here, we highlight the multifaceted roles of EVPs in cancer. Functionally, transfer of EVP cargo between cells influences tumor cell growth and invasion, alters immune cell composition and function, and contributes to stromal cell activation. These EVP-mediated changes impact local tumor progression, foster cultivation of pre-metastatic niches at distant organ-specific sites, and mediate systemic effects of cancer. Furthermore, we discuss how exploiting the highly selective enrichment of molecules within EVPs has profound implications for advancing diagnostic and prognostic biomarker development and for improving therapy delivery in cancer patients. Altogether, these investigations into the role of EVPs in cancer have led to discoveries that hold great promise for improving cancer patient care and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Lucotti
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Candia M Kenific
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - David Lyden
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
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18
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Choe EJ, Lee CH, Bae JH, Park JM, Park SS, Baek MC. Atorvastatin Enhances the Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Therapy and Suppresses the Cellular and Extracellular Vesicle PD-L1. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081660. [PMID: 36015287 PMCID: PMC9414447 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
According to clinical studies, statins improve the efficacy of programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) blockade therapy for breast cancer; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Herein, we showed that atorvastatin (ATO) decreased the content of PD-L1 in extracellular vesicles (EVs) by reducing cellular PD-L1 expression and inhibiting EV secretion in breast cancer cells, thereby enhancing the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 therapy. ATO reduced EV secretion by regulating the Rab proteins involved in EV biogenesis and secretion. ATO-mediated inhibition of the Ras-activated MAPK signaling pathway downregulated PD-L1 expression. In addition, ATO strongly promoted antitumor efficacy by inducing T cell-mediated tumor destruction when combined with an anti-PD-L1 antibody. Moreover, suppression of EV PD-L1 by ATO improved the reactivity of anti-PD-L1 therapy by enhancing T-cell activity in draining lymph nodes of EMT6-bearing immunocompetent mice. Therefore, ATO is a potential therapeutic drug that improves antitumor immunity by inhibiting EV PD-L1, particularly in response to immune escape during cancer.
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19
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Gerloff D, Kewitz-Hempel S, Hause G, Ehrenreich J, Golle L, Kingreen T, Sunderkötter C. Comprehensive Analyses of miRNAs Revealed miR-92b-3p, miR-182-5p and miR-183-5p as Potential Novel Biomarkers in Melanoma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Front Oncol 2022; 12:935816. [PMID: 35898875 PMCID: PMC9309285 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.935816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important mediators in the intercellular communication, influencing the function and phenotype of different cell types within the tumor micro-milieu and thus promote tumor progression. Since EVs safely transport packages of proteins, lipids and also nucleic acids such as miRNAs, EVs and their cargo can serve as diagnostic and prognostic markers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate EV embedded miRNAs specific for melanoma, which could serve as potential biomarkers. In contrast to previous studies, we not only analysed miRNAs from EVs, but also included the miRNA profiles from the EV-secreting cells to identify candidates as suitable biomarkers. While the characterization of EVs derived from normal melanocytes and melanoma cells showed largely comparable properties with regard to size distribution and expression of protein markers, the NGS analyses yielded marked differences for several miRNAs. While miRNA load of EVs derived from normal human epidermal melanocytes (NHEMs) and melanoma cells were very similar, they were highly different from their secreting cells. By comprehensive analyses, six miRNAs were identified to be enriched in both melanoma cells and melanoma cell-derived EVs. Of those, the accumulation of miR-92b-3p, miR-182-5p and miR-183-5p in EVs could be validated in vitro. By functional network generation and pathway enrichment analysis we revealed an association with different tumor entities and signaling pathways contributing melanoma progression. Furthermore, we found that miR-92b-3p, miR-182-5p and miR-183-5p were also enriched in EVs derived from serum of melanoma patients. Our results support the hypothesis that miRNAs derived from EVs can serve as prognostic or diagnostic liquid biopsy markers in melanoma. We identified EV-derived miRNAs and showed that those miRNAs, which were enriched in melanoma cells and EVs, are also found elevated in serum-derived EVs of patients with metastatic melanoma, but not in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Gerloff
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- *Correspondence: Dennis Gerloff,
| | - Stefanie Kewitz-Hempel
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Gerd Hause
- Biocenter, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Jovine Ehrenreich
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Linda Golle
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Tim Kingreen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Cord Sunderkötter
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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20
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Mechanical force-promoted osteoclastic differentiation via periodontal ligament stem cell exosomal protein ANXA3. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:1842-1858. [PMID: 35868309 PMCID: PMC9391435 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes play a critical role in intracellular communication. The biogenesis and function of exosomes are regulated by multiple biochemical factors. In the present study, we find that mechanical force promotes the biogenesis of exosomes derived from periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and alters the exosomal proteome profile to induce osteoclastic differentiation. Mechanistically, mechanical force increases the level of exosomal proteins, especially annexin A3 (ANXA3), which facilitates exosome internalization to activate extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), thus inducing osteoclast differentiation. Moreover, the infusion of exosomes derived from PDLSCs into mice promotes mechanical force-induced tooth movement and increases osteoclasts in the periodontal ligament. Collectively, this study demonstrates that mechanical force treatment promotes the biogenesis of exosomes from PDLSCs and increases exosomal protein ANXA3 to facilitate exosome internalization, which activates ERK phosphorylation, thus inducing osteoclast differentiation. Our findings shed light on new mechanisms for how mechanical force regulates the biology of exosomes and bone metabolism. Mechanical force promotes the biogenesis of exosomes derived from PDLSCs by RAB27B Mechanical force increases exosomal protein ANXA3 to facilitate exosome internalization ANXA3 activates ERK phosphorylation to induce osteoclast differentiation PDLSC exosomes enhance mechanical force-induced tooth movement
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21
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Jamshidiha M, Lanyon-Hogg T, Sutherell CL, Craven GB, Tersa M, De Vita E, Brustur D, Pérez-Dorado I, Hassan S, Petracca R, Morgan RM, Sanz-Hernández M, Norman JC, Armstrong A, Mann DJ, Cota E, Tate EW. Identification of the first structurally validated covalent ligands of the small GTPase RAB27A. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:150-155. [PMID: 35308027 PMCID: PMC8864489 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00225b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab27A is a small GTPase, which mediates transport and docking of secretory vesicles at the plasma membrane via protein-protein interactions (PPIs) with effector proteins. Rab27A promotes the growth and invasion of multiple cancer types such as breast, lung and pancreatic, by enhancing secretion of chemokines, metalloproteases and exosomes. The significant role of Rab27A in multiple cancer types and the minor role in adults suggest that Rab27A may be a suitable target to disrupt cancer metastasis. Similar to many GTPases, the flat topology of the Rab27A-effector PPI interface and the high affinity for GTP make it a challenging target for inhibition by small molecules. Reported co-crystal structures show that several effectors of Rab27A interact with the Rab27A SF4 pocket ('WF-binding pocket') via a conserved tryptophan-phenylalanine (WF) dipeptide motif. To obtain structural insight into the ligandability of this pocket, a novel construct was designed fusing Rab27A to part of an effector protein (fRab27A), allowing crystallisation of Rab27A in high throughput. The paradigm of KRas covalent inhibitor development highlights the challenge presented by GTPase proteins as targets. However, taking advantage of two cysteine residues, C123 and C188, that flank the WF pocket and are unique to Rab27A and Rab27B among the >60 Rab family proteins, we used the quantitative Irreversible Tethering (qIT) assay to identify the first covalent ligands for native Rab27A. The binding modes of two hits were elucidated by co-crystallisation with fRab27A, exemplifying a platform for identifying suitable lead fragments for future development of competitive inhibitors of the Rab27A-effector interaction interface, corroborating the use of covalent libraries to tackle challenging targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Jamshidiha
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Thomas Lanyon-Hogg
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London London W12 0BZ UK
| | | | - Gregory B Craven
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Montse Tersa
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Elena De Vita
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Delia Brustur
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London London W12 0BZ UK
| | | | - Sarah Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Rita Petracca
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Rhodri M Morgan
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
| | | | - Jim C Norman
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate Glasgow G61 1BD UK
| | - Alan Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London London W12 0BZ UK
| | - David J Mann
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Ernesto Cota
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Edward W Tate
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London London W12 0BZ UK
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22
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Li Y, Huang L, Chen Y, Shi Y, Ze Y, Yao Y. Irradiated cell-derived exosomes transmit essential molecules inducing radiotherapy resistance. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022; 113:192-202. [PMID: 35217095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Radio-resistance has always been a major obstacle in radiation therapy (RT) progress. Radiotherapy (RT) leads to changes in the contents of released exosomes. The researches have shown that irradiated cell-derived exosomes influence recipient cell proliferation, migration, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. All evidence indicates that exosomes play a significant role in radio-resistance. In this review, we describe the potential role of exosomes in cancer. We summarize that the irradiated cell-derived exosomes influence radio-resistance in recipient cells by three main mechanisms: 1) enhancing DNA repair, 2) regulating cell death signalling pathways, 3) inducing cancer cells to exhibit stem cell properties. We also discuss that the origin of the phenomenon might be the changes of molecular mechanisms of irradiated cell-derived exosomes formation affected by RT. Further, targeting exosomes as an adjuvant therapy might be a promising way for cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Linyang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanchi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yixin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiting Ze
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Combination of Tipifarnib and Sunitinib Overcomes Renal Cell Carcinoma Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors via Tumor-Derived Exosome and T Cell Modulation. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040903. [PMID: 35205655 PMCID: PMC8870174 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Metastatic renal cell carcinoma continues to have a poor prognosis. Chemotherapies and immuno-oncologic therapies have garnered increasing importance in cancer therapy, with improvements in patient care and survival. However, a large proportion of patients present with tumors resistant to these treatments. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles secreted by all nucleated cells that have proven to be key actors in this resistance. Exosomes carry bioactive oncogenic cargos that reprogram target cells to promote tumor growth, migration, metastasis, immune evasion, and chemotherapy resistance. Tipifarnib, in combination with standard therapy, decreased tumor growth in the setting of chemotherapeutic resistance through an exosome-mediated mechanism. After using a qNANO IZON system to compare tumor-derived exosomes collected from untreated and tipifarnib-treated cells, all cancerous cell lines displayed a reduction of vesicle concentration. Tipifarnib also directly inhibited PD-L1 protein expression in chemo-sensitive cell lines and resistant cell lines. Abstract Background: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) were initially demonstrated as an efficacious treatment for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, after a median treatment length of 14 months, a vast majority of patients develop resistance. This study analyzed a combination therapy of tipifarnib (Tipi) + sunitinib that targeted exosome-conferred drug resistance. Methods: 786-O, 786-O-SR (sunitinib resistant), A498, A498-SR, Caki-2, Caki-2-SR, and 293T cells were cultured. Exosomes were collected using differential ultracentrifugation. Cell proliferation, Jurkat T cell immune assay, and immunoblot analysis were used for downstream analysis. Results: SR exosomes treatment displayed a cytotoxic effect on immune cells. This cytotoxic effect was associated with increased expression of PD-L1 on SR exosomes when compared to sunitinib-sensitive (SS) exosomes. Additionally, Tipi treatment downregulated PD-L1 expression on exosomes derived from SR cell lines. Tipi’s ability to downregulate PD-L1 in exosomes has a significant application within patients. Exosomes collected from patients with RCC showed increased PD-L1 expression over subjects without RCC. Next, exosome concentrations were then compared after Tipi treatment, with all SS cell lines displaying an even greater reduction. On immunoblot assay, 293T cells showed a dose-dependent increase in Alix with no change in either nSMase or Rab27a. Conversely, all the SS and SR cell lines displayed a decrease in all three markers. After a cell proliferation employed a 48-h treatment on all SS and SR cell lines, the drug combination displayed synergistic ability to decrease tumor growth. Conclusions: Tipifarnib attenuates both the exosome endosomal sorting complex required for endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-dependent and ESCRT-independent pathways, thereby blocking exosome biogenesis and secretion as well as downregulating PD-L1 on SS and SR cells.
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BHMPS Inhibits Breast Cancer Migration and Invasion by Disrupting Rab27a-Mediated EGFR and Fibronectin Secretion. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020373. [PMID: 35053535 PMCID: PMC8773646 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Numerous studies targeting Rab GTPases and its multiple effectors have been attempted since exocytosis has been shown to alter tumor malignancy by modulating cancer cell behavior and tumor microenvironment. Here, we demonstrated that BHMPS inhibits migration and invasion of breast cancer cells by blocking the interaction between Rab27a and Slp4. BHMPS interfered with vesicle trafficking and secretion by decreasing FAK and JNK activation. In addition, BHMPS suppressed tumor growth in Rab27a-overexpressing MDA-MB-231 xenograft mice. This study highlighted the importance of understanding the mechanisms of Rab27a-mediated metastasis in improving the therapeutic options for metastatic cancers. Abstract Our previous work demonstrated that (E)-N-benzyl-6-(2-(3, 4-dihydroxybenzylidene) hydrazinyl)-N-methylpyridine-3-sulfonamide (BHMPS), a novel synthetic inhibitor of Rab27aSlp(s) interaction, suppresses tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Here, we aimed to further investigate the mechanisms of action and biological significance of BHMPS. BHMPS decreased the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition transcription factors through inhibition of focal adhesion kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation, thereby reducing the migration and invasion of breast cancer. Additionally, knockdown of Rab27a inhibited tumor migration, with changes in related signaling molecules, whereas overexpression of Rab27a reversed this phenomenon. BHMPS effectively prevented the interaction of Rab27a and its effector Slp4, which was verified by co-localization, immunoprecipitation, and in situ proximity ligation assays. BHMPS decreased the secretion of epidermal growth factor receptor and fibronectin by interfering with vesicle trafficking, as indicated by increased perinuclear accumulation of CD63-positive vesicles. Moreover, administration of BHMPS suppressed tumor growth in Rab27a-overexpressing MDA-MB-231 xenograft mice. These findings suggest that BHMPS may be a promising candidate for attenuating tumor migration and invasion by blocking Rab27a-mediated exocytosis.
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Rabelo-Fernández RJ, Santiago-Sánchez GS, Sharma RK, Roche-Lima A, Carrion KC, Rivera RAN, Quiñones-Díaz BI, Rajasekaran S, Siddiqui J, Miles W, Rivera YS, Valiyeva F, Vivas-Mejia PE. Reduced RBPMS Levels Promote Cell Proliferation and Decrease Cisplatin Sensitivity in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:535. [PMID: 35008958 PMCID: PMC8745614 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, the number of cancer-related deaths continues to increase due to the ability of cancer cells to become chemotherapy-resistant and metastasize. For women with ovarian cancer, a staggering 70% will become resistant to the front-line therapy, cisplatin. Although many mechanisms of cisplatin resistance have been proposed, the key mechanisms of such resistance remain elusive. The RNA binding protein with multiple splicing (RBPMS) binds to nascent RNA transcripts and regulates splicing, transport, localization, and stability. Evidence indicates that RBPMS also binds to protein members of the AP-1 transcription factor complex repressing its activity. Until now, little has been known about the biological function of RBPMS in ovarian cancer. Accordingly, we interrogated available Internet databases and found that ovarian cancer patients with high RBPMS levels live longer compared to patients with low RBPMS levels. Similarly, immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis in a tissue array of ovarian cancer patient samples showed that serous ovarian cancer tissues showed weaker RBPMS staining when compared with normal ovarian tissues. We generated clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-mediated RBPMS knockout vectors that were stably transfected in the high-grade serous ovarian cancer cell line, OVCAR3. The knockout of RBPMS in these cells was confirmed via bioinformatics analysis, real-time PCR, and Western blot analysis. We found that the RBPMS knockout clones grew faster and had increased invasiveness than the control CRISPR clones. RBPMS knockout also reduced the sensitivity of the OVCAR3 cells to cisplatin treatment. Moreover, β-galactosidase (β-Gal) measurements showed that RBPMS knockdown induced senescence in ovarian cancer cells. We performed RNAseq in the RBPMS knockout clones and identified several downstream-RBPMS transcripts, including non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and protein-coding genes associated with alteration of the tumor microenvironment as well as those with oncogenic or tumor suppressor capabilities. Moreover, proteomic studies confirmed that RBPMS regulates the expression of proteins involved in cell detoxification, RNA processing, and cytoskeleton network and cell integrity. Interrogation of the Kaplan-Meier (KM) plotter database identified multiple downstream-RBPMS effectors that could be used as prognostic and response-to-therapy biomarkers in ovarian cancer. These studies suggest that RBPMS acts as a tumor suppressor gene and that lower levels of RBPMS promote the cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Rabelo-Fernández
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR 00935, USA; (R.J.R.-F.); (G.S.S.-S.); (R.K.S.); (R.A.N.R.); (B.I.Q.-D.); (F.V.)
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR 00925, USA
| | - Ginette S. Santiago-Sánchez
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR 00935, USA; (R.J.R.-F.); (G.S.S.-S.); (R.K.S.); (R.A.N.R.); (B.I.Q.-D.); (F.V.)
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00935, USA
| | - Rohit K. Sharma
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR 00935, USA; (R.J.R.-F.); (G.S.S.-S.); (R.K.S.); (R.A.N.R.); (B.I.Q.-D.); (F.V.)
| | - Abiel Roche-Lima
- Deanship of Research, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00935, USA; (A.R.-L.); (K.C.C.)
| | - Kelvin Carrasquillo Carrion
- Deanship of Research, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00935, USA; (A.R.-L.); (K.C.C.)
| | - Ricardo A. Noriega Rivera
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR 00935, USA; (R.J.R.-F.); (G.S.S.-S.); (R.K.S.); (R.A.N.R.); (B.I.Q.-D.); (F.V.)
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00935, USA
| | - Blanca I. Quiñones-Díaz
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR 00935, USA; (R.J.R.-F.); (G.S.S.-S.); (R.K.S.); (R.A.N.R.); (B.I.Q.-D.); (F.V.)
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00935, USA
| | - Swetha Rajasekaran
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.R.); (J.S.); (W.M.)
| | - Jalal Siddiqui
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.R.); (J.S.); (W.M.)
| | - Wayne Miles
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.R.); (J.S.); (W.M.)
| | - Yasmarie Santana Rivera
- School of Dentistry, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00935, USA;
| | - Fatima Valiyeva
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR 00935, USA; (R.J.R.-F.); (G.S.S.-S.); (R.K.S.); (R.A.N.R.); (B.I.Q.-D.); (F.V.)
| | - Pablo E. Vivas-Mejia
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR 00935, USA; (R.J.R.-F.); (G.S.S.-S.); (R.K.S.); (R.A.N.R.); (B.I.Q.-D.); (F.V.)
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00935, USA
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Piryaei Z, Salehi Z, Tahsili MR, Ebrahimie E, Ebrahimi M, Kavousi K. Agonist/antagonist compounds' mechanism of action on estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer: A system-level investigation assisted by meta-analysis. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2022.100985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Abstract
Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles (30–160 nm diameter) with lipid bilayer membrane secrete by various cells that mediate the communication between cells and tissue, which contain a variety of non-coding RNAs, mRNAs, proteins, lipids and other functional substances. Adipose tissue is important energy storage and endocrine organ in the organism. Recent studies have revealed that adipose tissue-derived exosomes (AT-Exosomes) play a critical role in many physiologically and pathologically functions. Physiologically, AT-Exosomes could regulate the metabolic homoeostasis of various organs or cells including liver and skeletal muscle. Pathologically, they could be used in the treatment of disease and or that they may be involved in the progression of the disease. In this review, we describe the basic principles and methods of exosomes isolation and identification, as well as further summary the specific methods. Moreover, we categorize the relevant studies of AT-Exosomes and summarize the different components and biological functions of mammalian exosomes. Most importantly, we elaborate AT-Exosomes crosstalk within adipose tissue and their functions on other tissues or organs from the physiological and pathological perspective. Based on the above analysis, we discuss what remains to be discovered problems in AT-Exosomes studies and prospect their directions needed to be further explored in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&f University, Yangling, China
| | - Tiantian Zhao
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&f University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhaozhao He
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&f University, Yangling, China
| | - Rui Cai
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&f University, Yangling, China
| | - Weijun Pang
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&f University, Yangling, China
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Izumi T. In vivo Roles of Rab27 and Its Effectors in Exocytosis. Cell Struct Funct 2021; 46:79-94. [PMID: 34483204 PMCID: PMC10511049 DOI: 10.1247/csf.21043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The monomeric GTPase Rab27 regulates exocytosis of a broad range of vesicles in multicellular organisms. Several effectors bind GTP-bound Rab27a and/or Rab27b on secretory vesicles to execute a series of exocytic steps, such as vesicle maturation, movement along microtubules, anchoring within the peripheral F-actin network, and tethering to the plasma membrane, via interactions with specific proteins and membrane lipids in a local milieu. Although Rab27 effectors generally promote exocytosis, they can also temporarily restrict it when they are involved in the rate-limiting step. Genetic alterations in Rab27-related molecules cause discrete diseases manifesting pigment dilution and immunodeficiency, and can also affect common diseases such as diabetes and cancer in complex ways. Although the function and mechanism of action of these effectors have been explored, it is unclear how multiple effectors act in coordination within a cell to regulate the secretory process as a whole. It seems that Rab27 and various effectors constitutively reside on individual vesicles to perform consecutive exocytic steps. The present review describes the unique properties and in vivo roles of the Rab27 system, and the functional relationship among different effectors coexpressed in single cells, with pancreatic beta cells used as an example.Key words: membrane trafficking, regulated exocytosis, insulin granules, pancreatic beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Izumi
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan
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29
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Parrish PCR, Thomas JD, Gabel AM, Kamlapurkar S, Bradley RK, Berger AH. Discovery of synthetic lethal and tumor suppressor paralog pairs in the human genome. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109597. [PMID: 34469736 PMCID: PMC8534300 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
CRISPR screens have accelerated the discovery of important cancer vulnerabilities. However, single-gene knockout phenotypes can be masked by redundancy among related genes. Paralogs constitute two-thirds of the human protein-coding genome, so existing methods are likely inadequate for assaying a large portion of gene function. Here, we develop paired guide RNAs for paralog genetic interaction mapping (pgPEN), a pooled CRISPR-Cas9 single- and double-knockout approach targeting more than 2,000 human paralogs. We apply pgPEN to two cell types and discover that 12% of human paralogs exhibit synthetic lethality in at least one context. We recover known synthetic lethal paralogs MEK1/MEK2, important drug targets CDK4/CDK6, and other synthetic lethal pairs including CCNL1/CCNL2. Additionally, we identify ten tumor suppressor paralog pairs whose compound loss promotes cell proliferation. These findings nominate drug targets and suggest that paralog genetic interactions could shape the landscape of positive and negative selection in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe C R Parrish
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Computational Biology Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - James D Thomas
- Computational Biology Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Austin M Gabel
- Computational Biology Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Shriya Kamlapurkar
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Computational Biology Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Robert K Bradley
- Computational Biology Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Alice H Berger
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Computational Biology Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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30
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Newer Methods Drive Recent Insights into Rab GTPase Biology: An Overview. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34453706 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1346-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The conserved Ypt/Rab GTPases regulate all major intracellular protein traffic pathways, including secretion, endocytosis and autophagy. These GTPases undergo distinct changes in conformation between their GTP- and GDP-bound forms and cycle between the cytoplasm and membranes with the aid of their upstream regulators. When activated on the membrane in the GTP-bound form, they recruit their downstream effectors, which include components of vesicular transport. Progress in the past 5 years regarding mechanisms of Rab action, functions, and the effects of disruption of these functions on the well-being of cells and organisms has been propelled by advances in methodologies in molecular and cellular biology. Here, we highlight methods used recently to analyze regulation, localization, interactions, and function of Rab GTPases and their roles in human disease. We discuss contributions of these methods to new insights into Rabs, as well as their future use in addressing open questions in the field of Rab biology.
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31
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Raffaniello RD. Rab3 proteins and cancer: Exit strategies. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:1295-1301. [PMID: 33982832 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Rab proteins are GTPases involved in all stages of vesicular transport and membrane fusion in mammalian cells. Individual Rab proteins localize to specific cellular organelles and regulate a specific membrane trafficking pathway. Recent studies suggest an important role for Rab proteins in cancer. Rab3 isoforms (Rab3A, Rab3B, Rab3C, and Rab3D) are expressed almost exclusively in neurons and secretory cells. In this review, the role of Rab3 isoforms in a variety of tumor types is discussed. Of the four Rab3 isoforms, Rab3D has been studied most extensively in cancer cells and this isoform appears to play an oncogenic role in breast, colon, esophageal, skin, and brain tumors. Overexpression of Rab3A and Rab3C was observed in gliomas and colon cancers, respectively. Increased expression of the Rab3 isoforms is related to increased proliferation, migration, and invasiveness. Moreover, high Rab3 isoform levels are often associated with decreased survival and advanced pathological stage in clinical samples. Rab3 isoform-dependent activation of the AKT pathway has been observed in several studies. Although the effects of Rab3 isoforms on cancer cell growth and function have been examined in many tumor types, a number of important questions remain. Are the Rab3-positive vesicles in cancer cells actually secretory in nature? If so, are the contents of these vesicles secreted in a regulated or constitutive manner? How does Rab3-regulated secretion affect cellular signaling and tumor growth? Finally, can Rab3 isoforms be therapeutically manipulated in cancer cells? The fact that knockout of a single Rab3 isoform does not affect viability, at least in mouse models, suggests that targeting of these proteins may be a safe and effective treatment strategy for tumor cells expressing any of the Rab3 isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Raffaniello
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Hunter College, School of Arts and Sciences, New York, New York, USA
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32
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Rajagopal P, Jayandharan GR, Krishnan UM. Evaluation of the Anticancer Activity of pH-Sensitive Polyketal Nanoparticles for Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:2015-2031. [PMID: 33780253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Polyketals are a class of acid-responsive polymers that have been relatively less explored for drug delivery applications compared to polyesters. The degradation of these polymers is accelerated in an acidic medium and does not result in acidic byproducts. Their biocompatibility depends on the diol used for the synthesis. The present work aims to synthesize, characterize, and fabricate nanospheres of an aliphatic polyketal for delivery of the nucleotide analogue cytarabine toward the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The internalization mechanism of the nanospheres was probed, and its implication on the nuclear localization and escape from the endo-lysosomal compartments were studied. The drug-loaded polyketal nanoparticles reduced the cell viability to a greater extent compared with the free drug. The effect of the drug-loaded polyketal nanoparticles on the differential gene expression of leukemic cells was investigated for the first time to understand their therapeutic implications. It was found that treatment with drug-loaded polyketal nanoparticles downregulated AML-specific genes involved in cell proliferation and recurrence compared to the free drug. The protein expression studies were performed for selected genes obtained from gene expression analysis. Biodistribution studies showed that the poly(cyclohexane-1,4-diyl acetone dimethylene ketal) (PCADK) nanoparticles exhibit prolonged circulation time. Overall, our results suggest that polyketal-based delivery of cytarabine represents a more effective alternative strategy for AML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratheppa Rajagopal
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University Thanjavur 613401, India.,School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - Giridhara R Jayandharan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India.,The Mehta Family Centre for Engineering In Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University Thanjavur 613401, India.,School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, India.,School of Arts, Science & Humanities, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, India
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Zhou W, Zheng X, Cheng C, Guo G, Zhong Y, Liu W, Liu K, Chen Y, Liu S, Liu S. Rab27a deletion impairs the therapeutic potential of endothelial progenitor cells for myocardial infarction. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:797-807. [PMID: 33095380 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03945-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) transplantation has shown advantages in the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI) in animal models and clinical trials through mechanisms of direct intercellular contacts, autocrine, and paracrine. However, the effects of EPC transplantation for MI treatment remain controversial and the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Here, we explored the role of Rab27a in the therapeutic potential of EPC transplantation in MI. We found that Rab27a knockout impaired the viability, and reduced the proliferation and tube formation function of ECPs. The recovery of cardiac function and improvement of ventricular remodeling from EPCs transplantation were significantly damaged by Rab27a deletion in vivo. Rab27a deletion inhibited the protein expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and cyclin D1 and the phosphorylation levels of Akt and FoxO3a. Therefore, Rab27a knockout suppressed the PI3K-Akt-FoxO3a/cyclin D1 signaling pathway. Furthermore, Rab27a ablation dramatically reduced exosome release in EPCs. These results demonstrated that Rab27a plays an essential role in EPC functions. The elucidation of this mechanism provides novel insights into EPC transplantation as a promising treatment for post-MI injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Zhou
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefei Zheng
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanfang Cheng
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, People's Republic of China
| | - Guixian Guo
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhong
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihua Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, People's Republic of China
| | - Kefeng Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hunan, 423000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Shiming Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shaojun Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, People's Republic of China.
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Koh HM, Jang BG, Kim DC. Prognostic significance of Rab27 expression in solid cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14136. [PMID: 32839520 PMCID: PMC7445175 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71104-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab27 is an essential molecule of vesicle fusion and trafficking in exosome secretion process, which plays important roles in cancer progression and metastasis. Recent studies reported that Rab27 expression is also associated with cancer prognosis. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to reveal the prognostic significance of Rab27 expression in solid cancer. Data were extracted by searching on PubMed, Embase and Cochrane library until February 15 2020. Pooled hazard ratio (HR) with confidence interval (CI) was calculated to evaluate the association between Rab27 expression and survival in solid cancer. Ten studies with 1434 cancer patients were including for this meta-analysis. High expression of Rab27 was associated with poor survival (HR 2.67, 95% CI 1.52-4.69, p = 0.001). High expression of Rab27A was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.00-2.34, p = 0.048). High expression of Rab27B was significantly correlated with lymph node and distant metastasis (HR 2.15, 95% CI 1.56-2.95, p < 0.001; HR 6.80, 95% CI 3.12-14.85, p < 0.001), and higher TNM stage (HR 2.55, 95% CI 1.78-3.65, p < 0.001). This meta-analysis revealed that Rab27 expression could be a potential prognostic marker in solid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Min Koh
- Department of Pathology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Bo Gun Jang
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Dong Chul Kim
- Department of Pathology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, 79 Gangnam-ro, Jinju, 52727, South Korea.
- Department of Pathology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, South Korea.
- Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Jinju, South Korea.
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35
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Kogure A, Yoshioka Y, Ochiya T. Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Metastasis: Potential as Therapeutic Targets and Materials. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4463. [PMID: 32585976 PMCID: PMC7352700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of cancer-related deaths are due to metastasis of the primary tumor that develops years to decades after apparent cures. However, it is difficult to effectively prevent or treat cancer metastasis. Recent studies have shown that communication between cancer cells and surrounding cells enables cancer progression and metastasis. The comprehensive term "extracellular vesicles" (EVs) describes lipid bilayer vesicles that are secreted to outside cells; EVs are well-established mediators of cell-to-cell communication. EVs participate in cancer progression and metastasis by transferring bioactive molecules, such as proteins and RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), between cancer and various cells in local and distant microenvironments. Clinically, EVs functioning as diagnostic biomarkers, therapeutic targets, or even as anticancer drug-delivery vehicles have been emphasized as a result of their unique biological and pathophysiological characteristics. The potential therapeutic effects of EVs in cancer treatment are rapidly emerging and represent a new and important area of research. This review focuses on the therapeutic potential of EVs and discusses their utility for the inhibition of cancer progression, including metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yusuke Yoshioka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 1600023, Japan; (A.K.); (T.O.)
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Hraběta J, Belhajová M, Šubrtová H, Merlos Rodrigo MA, Heger Z, Eckschlager T. Drug Sequestration in Lysosomes as One of the Mechanisms of Chemoresistance of Cancer Cells and the Possibilities of Its Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124392. [PMID: 32575682 PMCID: PMC7352242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapeutics and targeted drugs is one of the main problems in successful cancer therapy. Various mechanisms have been identified to contribute to drug resistance. One of those mechanisms is lysosome-mediated drug resistance. Lysosomes have been shown to trap certain hydrophobic weak base chemotherapeutics, as well as some tyrosine kinase inhibitors, thereby being sequestered away from their intracellular target site. Lysosomal sequestration is in most cases followed by the release of their content from the cell by exocytosis. Lysosomal accumulation of anticancer drugs is caused mainly by ion-trapping, but active transport of certain drugs into lysosomes was also described. Lysosomal low pH, which is necessary for ion-trapping is achieved by the activity of the V-ATPase. This sequestration can be successfully inhibited by lysosomotropic agents and V-ATPase inhibitors in experimental conditions. Clinical trials have been performed only with lysosomotropic drug chloroquine and their results were less successful. The aim of this review is to give an overview of lysosomal sequestration and expression of acidifying enzymes as yet not well known mechanism of cancer cell chemoresistance and about possibilities how to overcome this form of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hraběta
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, CZ-150 06 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Marie Belhajová
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, CZ-150 06 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Hana Šubrtová
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (H.Š.); (M.A.M.R.); (Z.H.)
| | - Miguel Angel Merlos Rodrigo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (H.Š.); (M.A.M.R.); (Z.H.)
- Central European Institute of Technologies, Brno University of Technology, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (H.Š.); (M.A.M.R.); (Z.H.)
- Central European Institute of Technologies, Brno University of Technology, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Eckschlager
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, CZ-150 06 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-606-364-730
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Rab27a Contributes to the Processing of Inflammatory Pain in Mice. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061488. [PMID: 32570938 PMCID: PMC7349490 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue injury and inflammation may result in chronic pain, a severe debilitating disease that is associated with great impairment of quality of life. An increasing body of evidence indicates that members of the Rab family of small GTPases contribute to pain processing; however, their specific functions remain poorly understood. Here, we found using immunofluorescence staining and in situ hybridization that the small GTPase Rab27a is highly expressed in sensory neurons and in the superficial dorsal horn of the spinal cord of mice. Rab27a mutant mice, which carry a single-nucleotide missense mutation of Rab27a leading to the expression of a nonfunctional protein, show reduced mechanical hyperalgesia and spontaneous pain behavior in inflammatory pain models, while their responses to acute noxious mechanical and thermal stimuli is not affected. Our study uncovers a previously unrecognized function of Rab27a in the processing of persistent inflammatory pain in mice.
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38
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Hu W, Liu C, Bi ZY, Zhou Q, Zhang H, Li LL, Zhang J, Zhu W, Song YYY, Zhang F, Yang HM, Bi YY, He QQ, Tan GJ, Sun CC, Li DJ. Comprehensive landscape of extracellular vesicle-derived RNAs in cancer initiation, progression, metastasis and cancer immunology. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:102. [PMID: 32503543 PMCID: PMC7273667 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01199-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), a class of heterogeneous membrane vesicles, are generally divided into exosomes and microvesicles on basis of their origination from the endosomal membrane or the plasma membrane, respectively. EV-mediated bidirectional communication among various cell types supports cancer cell growth and metastasis. EVs derived from different cell types and status have been shown to have distinct RNA profiles, comprising messenger RNAs and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Recently, ncRNAs have attracted great interests in the field of EV-RNA research, and growing numbers of ncRNAs ranging from microRNAs to long ncRNAs have been investigated to reveal their specific functions and underlying mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment and premetastatic niches. Emerging evidence has indicated that EV-RNAs are essential functional cargoes in modulating hallmarks of cancers and in reciprocal crosstalk within tumor cells and between tumor and stromal cells over short and long distance, thereby regulating the initiation, development and progression of cancers. In this review, we discuss current findings regarding EV biogenesis, release and interaction with target cells as well as EV-RNA sorting, and highlight biological roles and molecular mechanisms of EV-ncRNAs in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Science, Wuhan University, No.115 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Science, Wuhan University, No.115 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo-Yue Bi
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology (Hubei Provincial Academy for Preventive Medicine), Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Zhou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Science, Wuhan University, No.115 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Science, Wuhan University, No.115 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Lin Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Science, Wuhan University, No.115 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Science, Wuhan University, No.115 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Science, Wuhan University, No.115 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang-Yi-Yan Song
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Science, Wuhan University, No.115 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Science, Wuhan University, No.115 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Min Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Science, Wuhan University, No.115 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Yi Bi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Science, Wuhan University, No.115 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Qiang He
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Science, Wuhan University, No.115 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Gong-Jun Tan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhuhai Hospital, Jinan University, 79 Kangning Road, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
| | - Cheng-Cao Sun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Science, Wuhan University, No.115 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - De-Jia Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Science, Wuhan University, No.115 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China. .,Population and Health Research Center, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China.
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39
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Al-Saad RZ, Kerr I, Hume AN. In Vitro Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer-Based Assay Used to Determine the Rab27-Effector-Binding Affinity. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2020; 18:180-194. [PMID: 32384245 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2019.960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Rab27 subfamily consists of Rab27a/b isoforms that have similar but not identical functions. Those functions include the regulation of trafficking, docking, and fusion of various lysosome-related organelles and secretory granules; such as melanosomes in melanocytes and lytic granules in cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Rab27a/b exert their specific and versatile functions by interacting with 11 effector proteins, preferentially in their GTP-bound state. In recent years, a number of studies have identified roles for Rab27 proteins and their effectors in cancer cell invasion and metastasis, immune response, inflammation, and allergic responses. These findings suggest that Rab27-effector protein interaction inhibitors could contribute to the development of effective strategies to treat these diseases. To facilitate inhibitor identification, in this study we developed a fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based protein-protein interaction assay that reports Rab27-effector interactions. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-mouse (m) synaptotagmin-like protein (Slp)1 and GFP-mSlp2 (N-terminus Rab27-binding domains) recombinant proteins were used as donor fluorophores, whereas mCherry-human (h) Rab27a/b recombinant proteins were used as acceptor fluorophores. The in vitro binding affinity of mSlp2 to Rab27 was found to be higher compared with mSlp1 and was evidenced by the effective concentration 50 value differences (mSlp2-hRab27b = 0.15 μM < mSlp2-hRab27a = 0.2 μM < mSlp1-hRab27a = 0.32 μM < mSlp1-hRab27b = 0.33 μM). The specificity of the assay was assessed using unlabeled rat (r) Rab27a and hRab27b recombinant proteins as typical competitive inhibitors for Rab27-effector interactions and was evidenced by the inhibitory concentration 50 value differences. Accordingly, this in vitro assay can be employed in identification of candidate inhibitors of Rab27-effector interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghdan Z Al-Saad
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Queen's Medical Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Kerr
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Queen's Medical Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair N Hume
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Queen's Medical Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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40
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Nassari S, Del Olmo T, Jean S. Rabs in Signaling and Embryonic Development. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1064. [PMID: 32033485 PMCID: PMC7037298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rab GTPases play key roles in various cellular processes. They are essential, among other roles, to membrane trafficking and intracellular signaling events. Both trafficking and signaling events are crucial for proper embryonic development. Indeed, embryogenesis is a complex process in which cells respond to various signals and undergo dramatic changes in their shape, position, and function. Over the last few decades, cellular studies have highlighted the novel signaling roles played by Rab GTPases, while numerous studies have shed light on the important requirements of Rab proteins at various steps of embryonic development. In this review, we aimed to generate an overview of Rab contributions during animal embryogenesis. We first briefly summarize the involvement of Rabs in signaling events. We then extensively highlight the contribution of Rabs in shaping metazoan development and conclude with new approaches that will allow investigation of Rab functions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Steve Jean
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, 3201 Rue Jean Mignault, Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K8, Canada; (S.N.); (T.D.O.)
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41
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Gopal Krishnan PD, Golden E, Woodward EA, Pavlos NJ, Blancafort P. Rab GTPases: Emerging Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressive Regulators for the Editing of Survival Pathways in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020259. [PMID: 31973201 PMCID: PMC7072214 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rab GTPase family of proteins are mediators of membrane trafficking, conferring identity to the cell membranes. Recently, Rab and Rab-associated factors have been recognized as major regulators of the intracellular positioning and activity of signaling pathways regulating cell growth, survival and programmed cell death or apoptosis. Membrane trafficking mediated by Rab proteins is controlled by intracellular localization of Rab proteins, Rab-membrane interactions and GTP-activation processes. Aberrant expression of Rab proteins has been reported in multiple cancers such as lung, brain and breast malignancies. Mutations in Rab-coding genes and/or post-translational modifications in their protein products disrupt the cellular vesicle trafficking network modulating tumorigenic potential, cellular migration and metastatic behavior. Conversely, Rabs also act as tumor suppressive factors inducing apoptosis and inhibiting angiogenesis. Deconstructing the signaling mechanisms modulated by Rab proteins during apoptosis could unveil underlying molecular mechanisms that may be exploited therapeutically to selectively target malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya D. Gopal Krishnan
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, The Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (P.D.G.K.); (E.G.); (E.A.W.)
- School of Human Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway Perth, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Emily Golden
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, The Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (P.D.G.K.); (E.G.); (E.A.W.)
| | - Eleanor A. Woodward
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, The Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (P.D.G.K.); (E.G.); (E.A.W.)
| | - Nathan J. Pavlos
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Pilar Blancafort
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, The Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (P.D.G.K.); (E.G.); (E.A.W.)
- School of Human Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway Perth, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Correspondence:
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42
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Zhu Y, Shi F, Wang M, Ding J. Knockdown of Rab9 Suppresses the Progression of Gastric Cancer Through Regulation of Akt Signaling Pathway. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820915958. [PMID: 32301398 PMCID: PMC7168775 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820915958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabs have been reported to be involved in the carcinogenesis process and in the progression of cancer. However, it is unclear whether or not Rab9 is associated with the development of cancer. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of Rab9 in the biological functions of gastric cancer cells. The gastric cancer cell lines AGS and MKN45 were transfected with siRNA-Rab9 to block the expression of Rab9. The cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were examined using Cell Count Kit-8, colony formation, wound healing, Transwell, and flow cytometry assays, respectively. Our data showed that silencing of Rab9 significantly inhibited the viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of AGS and MKN45 cells. Moreover, transfection with siRab9 promoted the rate of apoptosis in AGS and MKN45 cells through regulating the Bcl-2-Bax axis and the Caspase cascade. We also found that silencing of Rab9 inhibited activation of the Akt signaling pathway by downregulating the phosphorylation level of Akt. In conclusion, our data suggest that Rab9 plays an oncogenic role in the progression of gastric cancer, providing a potential target for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Ding
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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43
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Tian X, Shen H, Li Z, Wang T, Wang S. Tumor-derived exosomes, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and tumor microenvironment. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:84. [PMID: 31438991 PMCID: PMC6704713 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0772-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plenty of immune cells infiltrate into the tumor microenvironment (TME) during tumor progression, in which myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) represent a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells with immunosuppressive activity. Tumor cells and stromal cells facilitate the activation and expansion of MDSCs in TME via intercellular communication, and expanded MDSCs suppress anti-tumor immune responses through direct and indirect mechanisms. Currently, exosomes, which are a kind of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that can convey functional components, are demonstrated to participate in the local and distal intercellular communication between cells. Numerous studies have supposed that tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs), whose assembly and release can be modulated by TME, are capable of modulating the cell biology of MDSCs, including facilitating their activation, promoting the expansion, and enhancing the immunosuppressive function. Therefore, in this review, we mainly focus on the role of TEXs in the cell-cell communication between tumor cells and MDSCs, and discuss their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyang Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Children's Hospital, Wuxi, China.
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
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44
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Inactivation of Rab27B-dependent signaling pathway by calycosin inhibits migration and invasion of ER-negative breast cancer cells. Gene 2019; 709:48-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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45
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Wan M, Ning B, Spiegel S, Lyon CJ, Hu TY. Tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs): How to avoid the sting in the tail. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:385-412. [PMID: 31318078 PMCID: PMC6917833 DOI: 10.1002/med.21623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are abundantly secreted extracellular vesicles that accumulate in the circulation and are of great interest for disease diagnosis and evaluation since their contents reflects the phenotype of their cell of origin. Tumor‐derived exosomes (TDEs) are of particular interest for cancer diagnosis and therapy, since most tumor demonstrate highly elevated exosome secretion rates and provide specific information about the genotype of a tumor and its response to treatment. TDEs also contain regulatory factors that can alter the phenotypes of local and distant tissue sites and alter immune cell functions to promote tumor progression. The abundance, information content, regulatory potential, in vivo half‐life, and physical durability of exosomes suggest that TDEs may represent a superior source of diagnostic biomarkers and treatment targets than other materials currently under investigation. This review will summarize current information on mechanisms that may differentially regulate TDE biogenesis, TDE effects on the immune system that promote tumor survival, growth, and metastasis, and new approaches understudy to counteract or utilize TDE properties in cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- MeiHua Wan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Ning
- Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona.,Virginia G. Piper Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Christopher J Lyon
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona.,Virginia G. Piper Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Tony Y Hu
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona.,Virginia G. Piper Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
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46
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Izadpanah S, Shabani P, Aghebati-Maleki A, Baghbani E, Baghbanzadeh A, Fotouhi A, Bakhshinejad B, Aghebati-Maleki L, Baradaran B. Insights into the roles of miRNAs; miR-193 as one of small molecular silencer in osteosarcoma therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:873-881. [PMID: 30841466 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, cancer is one of the most common causes of death. Osteosarcoma (OS) is a tumor in long bones and its prevalence is high in teenagers and young people. Among the methods that used to treat cancer, one can name chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy. Since these methods have some disadvantages and they are not absolutely successful, the use of microRNAs (miRNAs) is very useful in diagnosis and treatment of OS. MiRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules, containing 18-25 nucleotides, which are involved in the regulation of gene expression via binding to messenger RNA (mRNA). These RNAs are divided into two classes of suppressors and oncogenes. During OS, there is aberrant expression of several miRNAs. Among these miRNAs are downregulation of miR-193 that has been associated with cancer occurrence. The aim of the current manuscript is to have overview on the treatment approaches of OS with special focus on miR-193.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sama Izadpanah
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parastoo Shabani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Aghebati-Maleki
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Elham Baghbani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Fotouhi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Bakhshinejad
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Leili Aghebati-Maleki
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Shahabi A, Naghili B, Ansarin K, Zarghami N. The relationship between microRNAs and Rab family GTPases in human cancers. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:12341-12352. [PMID: 30609026 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs), as a group of noncoding RNAs, posttranscriptionally control gene expression by binding to 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR). Ras-associated binding (Rab) proteins function as molecular switches for regulating vesicular transport, which mainly have oncogenic roles in cancer development and preventing the efficacy of chemotherapies. Increased evidence supported that miRNAs/Rabs interaction have been determined as potential therapeutics for cancer therapy. Nevertheless, instability and cross-targeting of miRNAs are main limitations of using miRNA-based therapeutic. The mutual interplay between Rabs and miRNAs has been poorly understood. In the present review, we focused on the essence and activity of these molecules in cancer pathogenesis. Also, numerous hindrances and potential methods in the expansion of miRNA as an anticancer therapeutics are mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Shahabi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behrooz Naghili
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khalil Ansarin
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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RAB38 promotes bladder cancer growth by promoting cell proliferation and motility. World J Urol 2018; 37:1889-1897. [PMID: 30535713 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-018-2596-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy of urinary system with high morbidity and mortality. In general, the development and progression of bladder cancer are complicated pathological processes, and the treatment methods mainly include surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and combined therapy. In recent years, targeted therapy has made progress in the treatment of bladder cancer. Therefore, to improve survival rates of patients with advanced bladder cancer, novel therapeutic targets are still urgently needed. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we found that RAB38 expressed in tumor tissues of patients with bladder cancer was linked to clinical features including pTNM stage and tumor recurrence, and positively correlated with the poor prognosis of bladder cancer. Notably, further results indicated that depletion of RAB38 could significantly inhibit the proliferation and motility of two types of human bladder cancer cells, T24 and 5637 cells. In addition, RAB38 ablation obviously blocked tumor growth and development in mice compared with control. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study provides significant evidence that RAB38 promotes the development of bladder cancer and provides a novel therapeutic target of bladder cancer.
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