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Jafarzadeh A, Jafarzadeh Z, Nemati M, Yoshimura A. The Interplay Between Helicobacter pylori and Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) Molecules in the Development of Gastric Cancer and Induction of Immune Response. Helicobacter 2024; 29:e13105. [PMID: 38924222 DOI: 10.1111/hel.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonizes the stomach and leads to the secretion of a vast range of cytokines by infiltrated leukocytes directing immune/inflammatory response against the bacterium. To regulate immune/inflammatory responses, suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins bind to multiple signaling components located downstream of cytokine receptors, such as Janus kinase (JAK), signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT). Dysfunctional SOCS proteins in immune cells may facilitate the immune evasion of H. pylori, allowing the bacteria to induce chronic inflammation. Dysregulation of SOCS expression and function can contribute to the sustained H. pylori-mediated gastric inflammation which can lead to gastric cancer (GC) development. Among SOCS molecules, dysregulated expression of SOCS1, SOCS2, SOCS3, and SOCS6 were indicated in H. pylori-infected individuals as well as in GC tissues and cells. H. pylori-induced SOCS1, SOCS2, SOCS3, and SOCS6 dysregulation can contribute to the GC development. The expression of SOCS molecules can be influenced by various factors, such as epigenetic DNA methylation, noncoding RNAs, and gene polymorphisms. Modulation of the expression of SOCS molecules in gastric epithelial cells and immune cells can be considered to control gastric carcinogenesis as well as regulate antitumor immune responses, respectively. This review aimed to explain the interplay between H. pylori and SOCS molecules in GC development and immune response induction as well as to provide insights regarding potential therapeutic strategies modulating SOCS molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Applied Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Jafarzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhou J, Zhang M, Wang H, Zhong X, Yang X. Role of Helicobacter pylori virulence factors and alteration of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment: challenges and opportunities for Cancer Immunotherapy. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:167. [PMID: 38485861 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03908-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Various forms of malignancies have been linked to Helicobacter pylori. Despite advancements in chemotherapeutic and surgical approaches, the management of cancer, particularly at advanced stages, increasingly relies on the integration of immunotherapy. As a novel, safe therapeutic modality, immunotherapy harnesses the immune system of the patient to treat cancer, thereby broadening treatment options. However, there is evidence that H. pylori infection may influence the effectiveness of immunotherapy in various types of cancer. This association is related to H. pylori virulence factors and the tumor microenvironment. This review discusses the influence of H. pylori infection on immunotherapy in non-gastrointestinal and gastrointestinal tumors, the mechanisms underlying this relationship, and directions for the development of improved immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The Huai'an Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minna Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - HongGang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhong
- Department of Oncology, The Huai'an Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China.
| | - XiaoZhong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China.
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Frauenlob T, Neuper T, Regl C, Schaepertoens V, Unger MS, Oswald AL, Dang HH, Huber CG, Aberger F, Wessler S, Horejs-Hoeck J. Helicobacter pylori induces a novel form of innate immune memory via accumulation of NF-кB proteins. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1290833. [PMID: 38053995 PMCID: PMC10694194 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1290833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a widespread Gram-negative pathogen involved in a variety of gastrointestinal diseases, including gastritis, ulceration, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma and gastric cancer. Immune responses aimed at eradication of H. pylori often prove futile, and paradoxically play a crucial role in the degeneration of epithelial integrity and disease progression. We have previously shown that H. pylori infection of primary human monocytes increases their potential to respond to subsequent bacterial stimuli - a process that may be involved in the generation of exaggerated, yet ineffective immune responses directed against the pathogen. In this study, we show that H. pylori-induced monocyte priming is not a common feature of Gram-negative bacteria, as Acinetobacter lwoffii induces tolerance to subsequent Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Although the increased reactivity of H. pylori-infected monocytes seems to be specific to H. pylori, it appears to be independent of its virulence factors Cag pathogenicity island (CagPAI), cytotoxin associated gene A (CagA), vacuolating toxin A (VacA) and γ-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT). Utilizing whole-cell proteomics complemented with biochemical signaling studies, we show that H. pylori infection of monocytes induces a unique proteomic signature compared to other pro-inflammatory priming stimuli, namely LPS and the pathobiont A. lwoffii. Contrary to these tolerance-inducing stimuli, H. pylori priming leads to accumulation of NF-кB proteins, including p65/RelA, and thus to the acquisition of a monocyte phenotype more responsive to subsequent LPS challenge. The plasticity of pro-inflammatory responses based on abundance and availability of intracellular signaling molecules may be a heretofore underappreciated form of regulating innate immune memory as well as a novel facet of the pathobiology induced by H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Frauenlob
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg (CCS), Salzburg, Austria
- Center for Tumorbiology and Immunology (CTBI), University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Theresa Neuper
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Center for Tumorbiology and Immunology (CTBI), University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christof Regl
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Veronika Schaepertoens
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Center for Tumorbiology and Immunology (CTBI), University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael S. Unger
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Center for Tumorbiology and Immunology (CTBI), University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anna-Lena Oswald
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hieu-Hoa Dang
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg (CCS), Salzburg, Austria
- Center for Tumorbiology and Immunology (CTBI), University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christian G. Huber
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg (CCS), Salzburg, Austria
- Center for Tumorbiology and Immunology (CTBI), University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Fritz Aberger
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg (CCS), Salzburg, Austria
- Center for Tumorbiology and Immunology (CTBI), University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Silja Wessler
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg (CCS), Salzburg, Austria
- Center for Tumorbiology and Immunology (CTBI), University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jutta Horejs-Hoeck
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg (CCS), Salzburg, Austria
- Center for Tumorbiology and Immunology (CTBI), University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Zhang X, Sun K, Tang C, Cen L, Li S, Zhu W, Liu P, Chen Y, Yu C, Li L. LECT2 modulates dendritic cell function after Helicobacter pylori infection via the CD209a receptor. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 38:625-633. [PMID: 36740832 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori, a gram-negative bacterium persisting on the gastric mucosa, is involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of gastric diseases. Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2) treatment increased the phagocytic capacity of lymphocytes and improved immune function in bacterial infection. Whether the immune cells infected with H. pylori are affected by LECT2 is unclear. METHODS Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) from wild-type C57BL/6 mice, CD209a knockout mice, or LECT2 knockout mice were exposed to H. pylori at a multiplicity of infection of 10 for 24 h. The maturity of DCs and the cytokines secreted by DCs were analyzed by flow cytometry, western blot, and real-time PCR. The signaling pathway underlying CD209a activation after LECT2 treatment were also detected. RESULTS LECT2 treatment promoted H. pylori-induced BMDC maturation and produced a high level of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) but a low level of pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-23p40). Moreover, LECT2-pretreated DCs shifted the development of pro-inflammatory Th1/Th17 cells to Treg cells. CD209a mediated LECT2-induced maturation and secretion of DC in H. pylori-primed BMDCs. LECT2 was further confirmed to induce the secretion of certain cytokines via CD209a-JNK/P38 MAPK pathway. CONCLUSION This study reveals that LECT2 modulated the functions of H. pylori-primed DCs in a CD209a-dependent manner, which might hinder the clearance of H. pylori and contribute to its colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofen Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kefang Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chenxi Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li Cen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Peihao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yishu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chaohui Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
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Zhu Y, Zhu F, Ba H, Chen J, Bian X. Helicobacter pylori infection and PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer: A meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Invest 2023; 53:e13880. [PMID: 36164962 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High expression of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) has been related to good response to immunotherapy patients with gastric cancer (GC). However, the influence of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection on PD-L1 expression in GC remains unknown. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the association between HP infection and PD-L1 expression in GC. METHODS Observational studies that investigated the relationship between HP infection and PD-L1 expression in patients with GC were obtained by search electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane's Library and Web of Science. A random-effect model incorporating the possible influence of between-study heterogeneity was used to pool the results. RESULTS Ten studies with 1870 patients with GC contributed to the meta-analysis. Pooled results showed that HP infection was significantly associated with the tumour expression of PD-L1 (odds ratio [OR]: 1.90, 95% confidence interval: 1.33-2.72, p < .001; I2 = 53%). Subgroup analyses showed that the association between HP infection and PD-L1 expression in GC was not significantly affected by sample size, methods for PD-L1 evaluation and quality score (p for subgroup analyses all >.05). However, a stronger association was observed in studies with higher prevalence of HP infection (≥35%, OR: 2.58) as compared with those with lower prevalence (<35%, OR: 1.45, p for subgroup difference = .04). CONCLUSION Helicobacter pylori infection in GC patients is associated with tumour expression of PD-L1, suggesting HP infection may be a predictor of good response to immunotherapy in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaodong Zhu
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine in Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical University of Anhui, Hefei, China
| | - Fangyuan Zhu
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine in Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical University of Anhui, Hefei, China
| | - He Ba
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine in Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical University of Anhui, Hefei, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine in Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical University of Anhui, Hefei, China
| | - Xiuliang Bian
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine in Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical University of Anhui, Hefei, China
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Zhang Z, Qiu Y, Feng H, Huang D, Weng B, Xu Z, Xie Q, Wang Z, Ding W, Li G, Liu H. Identification of Malassezia globosa as a Gastric Fungus Associated with PD-L1 Expression and Overall Survival of Patients with Gastric Cancer. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:2430759. [PMID: 36405009 PMCID: PMC9669766 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2430759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbiotas affected the prognosis of cancer patients by regulating programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression. However, the relationship between gastric fungi and PD-L1 expression is still unclear in gastric cancer (GC). We aimed at exploring the association of gastric fungi with PD-L1 expression and overall survival in GC. METHODS A total of 61 GC patients were divided into the two groups based on the PD-L1 combined positive scores (CPS). Fungal profiling was performed by internal transcribed spacer rDNA sequencing, and the survival analyses were performed by Kaplan-Meier curves. RESULTS We observed a taxonomic difference of fungi between the PD-L1-High (CPS ≥ 10) and PD-L1-Low group (CPS < 10) by principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) (P = 0.014 for Bray-Curtis and P = 0.042 for Jaccard). Malassezia had a higher abundance in the PD-L1-High group compared to the PD-L1-Low group (P = 0.045). Malassezia globosa elevated significantly in the PD-L1-High group. GC patients with PD-L1 low expression and low abundance of Malassezia globosa had a longer overall survival (OS) than others (P = 0.047). Malassezia globosa was associated with PD-L1 expression (Odds Ratio = 3.509, 95% Confidence Interval: 1.056-11.656, P = 0.040). Malassezia globosa was associated with the tumor size (P = 0.031) and PD-L1 status (P = 0.024). GC patients with a high abundance of Malassezia globosa had shorter OS than others (P = 0.028). Malassezia globosa was an independent factor (Hazard Ratio = 3.080, 95% Confidence Interval: 1.140-8.323, P = 0.027) for OS after adjusting for tumor stage. Malassezia globosa was figured out to be associated with- fatty acid and lipid biosynthesis and degradation via LIPASYN pathway. Conclusions. Malassezia globosa was identified as a PD-L1 expression-associated gastric fungus and associated with OS of GC patients, which calls for more studies to further explore its potential in PD-L1/PD-1 targeted immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaopeng Qiu
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Donghua Huang
- Department of Health Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Binshu Weng
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhou Xu
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingfeng Xie
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenfu Ding
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoxin Li
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Xu W, Xu L, Xu C. Relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastrointestinal microecology. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:938608. [PMID: 36061875 PMCID: PMC9433739 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.938608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has exceeded 50% worldwide, and it is considered a high-risk factor for chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma, gastroesophageal reflux disease and functional dyspepsia. H. pylori drug resistance is a common problem worldwide. In recent years, the relationship between H. pylori infection and gastrointestinal microecology has received much attention. H. pylori infection changes the structure and composition of gastrointestinal microflora by regulating the gastrointestinal microecological environment, local pH value, cytokines and antimicrobial peptides, and immune response and then plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of digestive system tumors, liver metabolism and extragastrointestinal diseases. The quadruple strategy of H. pylori eradication can also aggravate gastrointestinal microflora disorder. However, probiotics can reduce intestinal flora changes and imbalances through different mechanisms, thus enhancing the efficacy of H. pylori eradication therapy and reducing adverse reactions caused by eradication therapy. Therefore, this paper reviews the relationship between H. pylori infection and gastrointestinal microecology and its clinical application, providing a basis for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liming Xu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengfu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chengfu Xu,
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Sijmons D, Guy AJ, Walduck AK, Ramsland PA. Helicobacter pylori and the Role of Lipopolysaccharide Variation in Innate Immune Evasion. Front Immunol 2022; 13:868225. [PMID: 35634347 PMCID: PMC9136243 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.868225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is an important human pathogen that infects half the human population and can lead to significant clinical outcomes such as acute and chronic gastritis, duodenal ulcer, and gastric adenocarcinoma. To establish infection, H. pylori employs several mechanisms to overcome the innate and adaptive immune systems. H. pylori can modulate interleukin (IL) secretion and innate immune cell function by the action of several virulence factors such as VacA, CagA and the type IV secretion system. Additionally, H. pylori can modulate local dendritic cells (DC) negatively impacting the function of these cells, reducing the secretion of immune signaling molecules, and influencing the differentiation of CD4+ T helper cells causing a bias to Th1 type cells. Furthermore, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of H. pylori displays a high degree of phase variation and contains human blood group carbohydrate determinants such as the Lewis system antigens, which are proposed to be involved in molecular mimicry of the host. Lastly, the H. pylori group of outer membrane proteins such as BabA play an important role in attachment and interaction with host Lewis and other carbohydrate antigens. This review examines the various mechanisms that H. pylori utilises to evade the innate immune system as well as discussing how the structure of the H. pylori LPS plays a role in immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sijmons
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Guy
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- ZiP Diagnostics, Collingwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Anna K. Walduck
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul A. Ramsland
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Paul A. Ramsland,
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Shi Y, Zheng H, Wang M, Ding S. Influence of Helicobacter pylori infection on PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy needs more attention. Helicobacter 2022; 27:e12878. [PMID: 35112435 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The tumor microenvironment and tumor immunity are crucially involved in tumor therapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1/PD-L1 signal transduction have been widely used in tumor therapy and have shown ideal clinical efficacy. However, some kinds of cancers still do not respond to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy effectively, including gastric cancer. The related factors should be explored. METHODS AND RESULTS This review summarizes the recent progression of understanding the influence of Helicobacter pylori infection on PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy. Current pieces of evidence have indicated that H. pylori infection might affect the curative effect of tumor therapy associating with the induced immunomodulation. CONCLUSION It is necessary to understand the overall integration of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy, the tumor microenvironment, and H. pylori infection. Much attention on the influence of H. pylori infection on the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy should be paid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Shi
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huiling Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mopei Wang
- Department of Tumor Chemotherapy and Radiation Sickness, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shigang Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Frauenlob T, Neuper T, Mehinagic M, Dang HH, Boraschi D, Horejs-Hoeck J. Helicobacter pylori Infection of Primary Human Monocytes Boosts Subsequent Immune Responses to LPS. Front Immunol 2022; 13:847958. [PMID: 35309333 PMCID: PMC8924073 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.847958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) affects almost half of the world's population and is a major cause of stomach cancer. Although immune cells react strongly to this gastric bacterium, H. pylori is still one of the rare pathogens that can evade elimination by the host and cause chronic inflammation. In the present study, we characterized the inflammatory response of primary human monocytes to repeated H. pylori infection and their responsiveness to an ensuing bacterial stimulus. We show that, although repeated stimulations with H. pylori do not result in an enhanced response, H. pylori-primed monocytes are hyper-responsive to an Escherichia coli-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation that takes place shortly after infection. This hyper-responsiveness to bacterial stimuli is observed upon infection with viable H. pylori only, while heat-killed H. pylori fails to boost both cytokine secretion and STAT activation in response to LPS. When the secondary challenge occurs several days after the primary infection with live bacteria, H. pylori-infected monocytes lose their hyper-responsiveness. The observation that H. pylori makes primary human monocytes more susceptible to subsequent/overlapping stimuli provides an important basis to better understand how H. pylori can maintain chronic inflammation and thus contribute to gastric cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Frauenlob
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg (CCS), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Theresa Neuper
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Muamera Mehinagic
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hieu-Hoa Dang
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Diana Boraschi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Napoli, Italy
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Jutta Horejs-Hoeck
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg (CCS), Salzburg, Austria
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Park CH, Hong C, Lee AR, Sung J, Hwang TH. Multi-omics reveals microbiome, host gene expression, and immune landscape in gastric carcinogenesis. iScience 2022; 25:103956. [PMID: 35265820 PMCID: PMC8898972 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, there has been no multi-omic analysis characterizing the intricate relationships between the intragastric microbiome and gastric mucosal gene expression in gastric carcinogenesis. Using multi-omic approaches, we provide a comprehensive view of the connections between the microbiome and host gene expression in distinct stages of gastric carcinogenesis (i.e., healthy, gastritis, cancer). Our integrative analysis uncovers various associations specific to disease states. For example, uniquely in gastritis, Helicobacteraceae is highly correlated with the expression of FAM3D, which has been previously implicated in gastrointestinal inflammation. In addition, in gastric cancer but not in adjacent gastritis, Lachnospiraceae is highly correlated with the expression of UBD, which regulates mitosis and cell cycle time. Furthermore, lower abundances of B cell signatures in gastric cancer compared to gastritis may suggest a previously unidentified immune evasion process in gastric carcinogenesis. Our study provides the most comprehensive description of microbial, host transcriptomic, and immune cell factors of the gastric carcinogenesis pathway. Multi-omics finds genetic, microbial, and immunological links in gastric cancer Helicobacteraceae was highly associated with the expression of inflammation genes Pasteurellaceae and Lachnospiraceae were associated with cancer-related genes B cell infiltration was prominent in gastritis tissues but not in gastric cancer
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Hyuk Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Gyeonggido 11923, Republic of Korea
| | - Changjin Hong
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - A-reum Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Gyeonggido 11923, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyun Sung
- Microbiome Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Division of Surgery Research, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Corresponding author
| | - Tae Hyun Hwang
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- Corresponding author
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12
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Gobert AP, Wilson KT. Induction and Regulation of the Innate Immune Response in Helicobacter pylori Infection. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 13:1347-1363. [PMID: 35124288 PMCID: PMC8933844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer and the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The intestinal type of GC progresses from acute to chronic gastritis, multifocal atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and carcinoma. Infection of the stomach by Helicobacter pylori, a Gram-negative bacterium that infects approximately 50% of the world's population, is the causal determinant that initiates the gastric inflammation and then disease progression. In this context, the induction of the innate immune response of gastric epithelial cells and myeloid cells by H. pylori effectors plays a critical role in the outcome of the infection. However, only 1% to 3% of infected patients develop gastric adenocarcinoma, emphasizing that other mechanisms regulate the localized non-specific response, including the gastric microbiota and genetic factors. This review summarizes studies describing the factors that induce and regulate the mucosal innate immune response during H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain P Gobert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Nashville, Tennessee; Program in Cancer Biology, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Nashville, Tennessee; Program in Cancer Biology, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee.
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13
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Cheok YY, Lee CYQ, Cheong HC, Vadivelu J, Looi CY, Abdullah S, Wong WF. An Overview of Helicobacter pylori Survival Tactics in the Hostile Human Stomach Environment. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122502. [PMID: 34946105 PMCID: PMC8705132 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is well established as a causative agent for gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. Armed with various inimitable virulence factors, this Gram-negative bacterium is one of few microorganisms that is capable of circumventing the harsh environment of the stomach. The unique spiral structure, flagella, and outer membrane proteins accelerate H. pylori movement within the viscous gastric mucosal layers while facilitating its attachment to the epithelial cells. Furthermore, secretion of urease from H. pylori eases the acidic pH within the stomach, thus creating a niche for bacteria survival and replication. Upon gaining a foothold in the gastric epithelial lining, bacterial protein CagA is injected into host cells through a type IV secretion system (T4SS), which together with VacA, damage the gastric epithelial cells. H. pylori does not only establishes colonization in the stomach, but also manipulates the host immune system to permit long-term persistence. Prolonged H. pylori infection causes chronic inflammation that precedes gastric cancer. The current review provides a brief outlook on H. pylori survival tactics, bacterial-host interaction and their importance in therapeutic intervention as well as vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ying Cheok
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (Y.Y.C.); (C.Y.Q.L.); (H.C.C.); (J.V.)
| | - Chalystha Yie Qin Lee
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (Y.Y.C.); (C.Y.Q.L.); (H.C.C.); (J.V.)
| | - Heng Choon Cheong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (Y.Y.C.); (C.Y.Q.L.); (H.C.C.); (J.V.)
| | - Jamuna Vadivelu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (Y.Y.C.); (C.Y.Q.L.); (H.C.C.); (J.V.)
| | - Chung Yeng Looi
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Suhailah Abdullah
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Won Fen Wong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (Y.Y.C.); (C.Y.Q.L.); (H.C.C.); (J.V.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Swartzwelter BJ, Michelini S, Frauenlob T, Barbero F, Verde A, De Luca AC, Puntes V, Duschl A, Horejs-Hoeck J, Italiani P, Boraschi D. Innate Memory Reprogramming by Gold Nanoparticles Depends on the Microbial Agents That Induce Memory. Front Immunol 2021; 12:751683. [PMID: 34804037 PMCID: PMC8600232 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.751683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immune memory, the ability of innate cells to react in a more protective way to secondary challenges, is induced by exposure to infectious and other exogeous and endogenous agents. Engineered nanoparticles are particulate exogenous agents that, as such, could trigger an inflammatory reaction in monocytes and macrophages and could therefore be also able to induce innate memory. Here, we have evaluated the capacity of engineered gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to induce a memory response or to modulate the memory responses induced by microbial agents. Microbial agents used were in soluble vs. particulate form (MDP and the gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus; β-glucan and the β-glucan-producing fungi C. albicans), and as whole microrganisms that were either killed (S. aureus, C. albicans) or viable (the gram-negative bacteria Helicobacter pylori). The memory response was assessed in vitro, by exposing human primary monocytes from 2-7 individual donors to microbial agents with or without AuNPs (primary response), then resting them for 6 days to allow return to baseline, and eventually challenging them with LPS (secondary memory response). Primary and memory responses were tested as production of the innate/inflammatory cytokine TNFα and other inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors. While inactive on the response induced by soluble microbial stimuli (muramyl dipeptide -MDP-, β-glucan), AuNPs partially reduced the primary response induced by whole microorganisms. AuNPs were also unable to directly induce a memory response but could modulate stimulus-induced memory in a circumscribed fashion, limited to some agents and some cytokines. Thus, the MDP-induced tolerance in terms of TNFα production was further exacerbated by co-priming with AuNPs, resulting in a less inflammatory memory response. Conversely, the H. pylori-induced tolerance was downregulated by AuNPs only relative to the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, which would lead to an overall more inflammatory memory response. These effects of AuNPs may depend on a differential interaction/association between the reactive particle surfaces and the microbial components and agents, which may lead to a change in the exposure profiles. As a general observation, however, the donor-to-donor variability in memory response profiles and reactivity to AuNPs was substantial, suggesting that innate memory depends on the individual history of exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Swartzwelter
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy
- Department Biosciences, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg (PLUS), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sara Michelini
- Department Biosciences, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg (PLUS), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tobias Frauenlob
- Department Biosciences, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg (PLUS), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Francesco Barbero
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alessandro Verde
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Chiara De Luca
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Victor Puntes
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Duschl
- Department Biosciences, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg (PLUS), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jutta Horejs-Hoeck
- Department Biosciences, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg (PLUS), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Paola Italiani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Diana Boraschi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
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15
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Keough DT, Wun SJ, Baszczyňski O, Eng WS, Špaček P, Panjikar S, Naesens L, Pohl R, Rejman D, Hocková D, Ferrero RL, Guddat LW. Helicobacter pylori Xanthine-Guanine-Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase-A Putative Target for Drug Discovery against Gastrointestinal Tract Infections. J Med Chem 2021; 64:5710-5729. [PMID: 33891818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is a human pathogen that lives in the gastric mucosa of approximately 50% of the world's population causing gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. An increase in resistance to current drugs has sparked the search for new Hp drug targets and therapeutics. One target is the disruption of nucleic acid production, which can be achieved by impeding the synthesis of 6-oxopurine nucleoside monophosphates, the precursors of DNA and RNA. These metabolites are synthesized by Hp xanthine-guanine-hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (XGHPRT). Here, nucleoside phosphonates have been evaluated, which inhibit the activity of this enzyme with Ki values as low as 200 nM. The prodrugs of these compounds arrest the growth of Hp at a concentration of 50 μM in cell-based assays. The kinetic properties of HpXGHPRT have been determined together with its X-ray crystal structure in the absence and presence of 9-[(N-3-phosphonopropyl)-aminomethyl-9-deazahypoxanthine, providing a basis for new antibiotic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne T Keough
- The School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shun Jie Wun
- The School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ondřej Baszczyňski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 6 CZ-166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Wai Soon Eng
- The School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Petr Špaček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 6 CZ-166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Santosh Panjikar
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
| | - Lieve Naesens
- Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 6 CZ-166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Dominik Rejman
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 6 CZ-166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Hocková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 6 CZ-166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Richard L Ferrero
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia.,Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
| | - Luke W Guddat
- The School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia
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