1
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Li Z, Dai Y, Yun L, Guo W. A prediction model for the progression from gestational hypertension to pre-eclampsia complicated with HELLP syndrome. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2024; 165:1002-1012. [PMID: 38018274 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.15274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HELLP syndrome is a severe complication of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy that can cause multiple organ dysfunction and maternal death in a short period of time. Although HELLP syndrome is more common in patients with pre-eclampsia (PE), there is currently no effective way to identify high-risk individuals who may progress from gestational hypertension (GH) to PE complicated with HELLP syndrome. This study aimed to establish and validate a prediction model for PE complicated with HELLP syndrome, providing a basis for early detection and identification of high-risk individuals in clinical practice. METHODS This retrospective case-control study collected data on 326 patients with GH and 139 patients with PE complicated with HELLP syndrome from January 2015 to December 2019. An additional 206 patients with GH and 70 patients with PE complicated with HELLP syndrome who were treated from January 2020 to December 2022 were collected for external validation. General and clinical data were collected, and single-and multiple-factor logistic regression analyses were used to screen for independent factors affecting PE complicated with HELLP syndrome. The diagnostic performance of different indicators was evaluated using ROC curves. A prediction model for PE complicated with HELLP syndrome was constructed, and its efficacy was verified using ROC curves. RESULTS The results of single-factor analysis showed that age, SBP, DBP, MAP, hemoglobin, AST, ALT, cholinesterase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, total protein, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, BUN, UA, creatinine, APTT, international normalized ratio of prothrombin, D-dimer, fibrinogen, fibrinogen degradation products, Ca, and aspartate-aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) were factors influencing PE with HELLP syndrome. The results of multiple-factor logistic regression analysis showed that MAP, APRI, CHE, FDP, and Ca were independent factors affecting PE complicated with HELLP syndrome. Based on these results, a prediction model was established, with Y = 9.861 + 2.998APRI + 0.055MAP + 0.014FDP - 0.005CHE - 7.452*Ca. CONCLUSIONS The predictive model for PE complicated with HELLP syndrome includes APRI, MAP, FDP, CHE, and Ca. This model can be used as a quantitative tool for predicting and evaluating the development of GH into PE complicated with HELLP syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqi Li
- School of Medicine, Shangdong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Dai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Yun
- School of Medicine, Shangdong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Medicine, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Guo
- School of Medicine, Shangdong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Hospital Affiliated of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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2
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Li W, Li Y, Zhao J, Liao J, Wen W, Chen Y, Cui H. Release of damaged mitochondrial DNA: A novel factor in stimulating inflammatory response. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 258:155330. [PMID: 38733868 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a circular double-stranded genome that exists independently of the nucleus. In recent years, research on mtDNA has significantly increased, leading to a gradual increase in understanding of its physiological and pathological characteristics. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other factors can damage mtDNA. This damaged mtDNA can escape from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm or extracellular space, subsequently activating immune signaling pathways, such as NLR family pyrin domain protein 3 (NLRP3), and triggering inflammatory responses. Numerous studies have demonstrated the involvement of mtDNA damage and leakage in the pathological mechanisms underlying various diseases including infectious diseases, metabolic inflammation, and immune disorders. Consequently, comprehensive investigation of mtDNA can elucidate the pathological mechanisms underlying numerous diseases. The prevention of mtDNA damage and leakage has emerged as a novel approach to disease treatment, and mtDNA has emerged as a promising target for drug development. This article provides a comprehensive review of the mechanisms underlying mtDNA-induced inflammation, its association with various diseases, and the methods used for its detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yuting Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of TCM Endocrinology, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan 650021, China
| | - Jiabao Liao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Weibo Wen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of TCM Encephalopathy, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan 650021, China.
| | - Huantian Cui
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan 650500, China.
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3
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Li L, Wang J, Chen L, Ren Q, Akhtar MF, Liu W, Wang C, Cao S, Liu W, Zhao Q, Li Y, Wang T. Diltiazem HCl suppresses porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in susceptible cells and in swine. Vet Microbiol 2024; 292:110054. [PMID: 38507832 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a pathogen for swine, resulting in substantial economic losses to the swine industry. However, there has been little success in developing effective vaccines or drugs for PRRSV control. In the present study, we discovered that Diltiazem HCl, an inhibitor of L-type Ca2+ channel, effectively suppresses PRRSV replication in MARC-145, PK-15CD163 and PAM cells in dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, it demonstrates a broad-spectrum activity against both PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 strains. Additionally, we explored the underlying mechanisms and found that Diltiazem HCl -induced inhibition of PRRSV associated with regulation of calcium ion homeostasis in susceptible cells. Moreover, we evaluated the antiviral effects of Diltiazem HCl in PRRSV-challenged piglets, assessing rectal temperature, viremia, and gross and microscopic lung lesions. Our results indicate that Diltiazem HCl treatment alleviates PRRSV-induced rectal temperature spikes, pulmonary pathological changes, and serum viral load. In conclusion, our data suggest that Diltiazem HCl could serve as a novel therapeutic drug against PRRSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Li
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Li Chen
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Qinghai Ren
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | | | - Wenhua Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Changfa Wang
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Shengliang Cao
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Wenqiang Liu
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yubao Li
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.
| | - Tongtong Wang
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.
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4
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Smith-Cortinez N, Heegsma J, Podunavac M, Zakarian A, Cardenas JC, Faber KN. Novel Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor Inhibitor Antagonizes Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation: A Potential Drug to Treat Liver Fibrosis. Cells 2024; 13:765. [PMID: 38727301 PMCID: PMC11083487 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis, characterized by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, can progress to cirrhosis and increases the risk of liver cancer. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a pivotal role in fibrosis progression, transitioning from a quiescent to activated state upon liver injury, wherein they proliferate, migrate, and produce ECM. Calcium signaling, involving the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), regulates HSC activation. This study investigated the efficacy of a novel IP3R inhibitor, desmethylxestospongin B (dmXeB), in preventing HSC activation. Freshly isolated rat HSCs were activated in vitro in the presence of varying dmXeB concentrations. The dmXeB effectively inhibited HSC proliferation, migration, and expression of fibrosis markers without toxicity to the primary rat hepatocytes or human liver organoids. Furthermore, dmXeB preserved the quiescent phenotype of HSCs marked by retained vitamin A storage. Mechanistically, dmXeB suppressed mitochondrial respiration in activated HSCs while enhancing glycolytic activity. Notably, methyl pyruvate, dimethyl α-ketoglutarate, and nucleoside supplementation all individually restored HSC proliferation despite dmXeB treatment. Overall, dmXeB demonstrates promising anti-fibrotic effects by inhibiting HSC activation via IP3R antagonism without adverse effects on other liver cells. These findings highlight dmXeB as a potential therapeutic agent for liver fibrosis treatment, offering a targeted approach to mitigate liver fibrosis progression and its associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Smith-Cortinez
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Janette Heegsma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Masa Podunavac
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Oakland, CA 94607, USA
| | - Armen Zakarian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Oakland, CA 94607, USA
| | - J. César Cardenas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Oakland, CA 94607, USA
- Center for Integrative Biology, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 7510041, Chile
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Klaas Nico Faber
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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5
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Lu D, Wu Y, Fu M, Wu Y, Wang Z, Lin J, Yang Q. CALB1: Anovel antiviral factor in chicken ileal mucus. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127007. [PMID: 37734520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal mucus is the first line of defense against pathogens and has several active components. Poultry have a short intestine, the mucus of which may contain antiviral components. We hence investigated the antiviral components of mucus and explored their mechanisms of action. Initially, we isolated chicken intestinal mucus proteins that significantly inhibited the replication of avian viruses. The ileum 10-30 kDa protein fraction showed the greatest inhibition of viral replication. Moreover, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed 12 high-abundance proteins in the ileum 10-30 kDa protein fraction. Among them, we investigated the antiviral activity of calcium binding protein 1 (CALB1). Furthermore, eukaryotically and prokaryotically expressed CALB1 significantly suppressed the replication of avian viruses, possibly by binding calcium ions and/or inducing autophagy. In conclusion, we isolated and identified CALB1 from chicken intestinal mucus, which suppressed replication of avian viruses by regulating cellular calcium-ion homeostasis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqing Lu
- College of Life Sciences, SanYa Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Yang Wu
- College of Life Sciences, SanYa Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Mei Fu
- College of Veterinary medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei gang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Yaotang Wu
- College of Veterinary medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei gang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Zhisheng Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology and Engineering, National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Jian Lin
- College of Life Sciences, SanYa Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China; College of Veterinary medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei gang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China.
| | - Qian Yang
- College of Veterinary medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei gang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
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6
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Guo X, Feng Y, Zhao X, Qiao S, Ma Z, Li Z, Zheng H, Xiao S. Coronavirus Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Utilizes Chemokine Interleukin-8 to Facilitate Viral Replication by Regulating Ca 2+ Flux. J Virol 2023; 97:e0029223. [PMID: 37133374 PMCID: PMC10231212 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00292-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokine production by epithelial cells is crucial for neutrophil recruitment to sites of inflammation during viral infection. However, the effect of chemokine on epithelia and how chemokine is involved in coronavirus infection remains to be fully understood. Here, we identified an inducible chemokine interleukin-8 (CXCL8/IL-8), which could promote coronavirus porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection in African green monkey kidney epithelial cells (Vero) and Lilly Laboratories cell-porcine kidney 1 epithelial cells (LLC-PK1). IL-8 deletion restrained cytosolic calcium (Ca2+), whereas IL-8 stimulation improved cytosolic Ca2+. The consumption of Ca2+ restricted PEDV infection. PEDV internalization and budding were obvious reductions when cytosolic Ca2+ was abolished in the presence of Ca2+ chelators. Further study revealed that the upregulated cytosolic Ca2+ redistributes intracellular Ca2+. Finally, we identified that G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-phospholipase C (PLC)-inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R)-store-operated Ca2+ (SOC) signaling was crucial for enhancive cytosolic Ca2+ and PEDV infection. To our knowledge, this study is the first to uncover the function of chemokine IL-8 during coronavirus PEDV infection in epithelia. PEDV induces IL-8 expression to elevate cytosolic Ca2+, promoting its infection. Our findings reveal a novel role of IL-8 in PEDV infection and suggest that targeting IL-8 could be a new approach to controlling PEDV infection. IMPORTANCE Coronavirus porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly contagious enteric coronavirus that caused severe economic losses worldwide, and more effort is needed to develop economical and efficient vaccines to control or eliminate this disease. The chemokine interleukin-8 (CXCL8/IL-8) is indispensable for the activation and trafficking of inflammatory mediators and tumor progression and metastasis. This study evaluated the effect of IL-8 on PEDV infection in epithelia. We found that IL-8 expression improved cytosolic Ca2+ in epithelia, facilitating PEDV rapid internalization and egress. G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-phospholipase C (PLC)-inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R)-SOC signaling was activated by IL-8, releasing the intracellular Ca2+ stores from endoplasmic reticulum (ER). These findings provide a better understanding of the role of IL-8 in PEDV-induced immune responses, which will help develop small-molecule drugs for coronavirus cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingtong Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuang Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiqian Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shuqi Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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7
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Zhang P, Fu HJ, Lv LX, Liu CF, Han C, Zhao XF, Wang JX. WSSV exploits AMPK to activate mTORC2 signaling for proliferation by enhancing aerobic glycolysis. Commun Biol 2023; 6:361. [PMID: 37012372 PMCID: PMC10070494 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04735-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AMPK plays significant roles in the modulation of metabolic reprogramming and viral infection. However, the detailed mechanism by which AMPK affects viral infection is unclear. The present study aims to determine how AMPK influences white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection in shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus). Here, we find that AMPK expression and phosphorylation are significantly upregulated in WSSV-infected shrimp. WSSV replication decreases remarkably after knockdown of Ampkα and the shrimp survival rate of AMPK-inhibitor injection shrimp increases significantly, suggesting that AMPK is beneficial for WSSV proliferation. Mechanistically, WSSV infection increases intracellular Ca2+ level, and activates CaMKK, which result in AMPK phosphorylation and partial nuclear translocation. AMPK directly activates mTORC2-AKT signaling pathway to phosphorylate key enzymes of glycolysis in the cytosol and promotes expression of Hif1α to mediate transcription of key glycolytic enzyme genes, both of which lead to increased glycolysis to provide energy for WSSV proliferation. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism by which WSSV exploits the host CaMKK-AMPK-mTORC2 pathway for its proliferation, and suggest that AMPK might be a target for WSSV control in shrimp aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hai-Jing Fu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Li-Xia Lv
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chen-Fei Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chang Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jin-Xing Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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8
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Relevance of HBx for Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054964. [PMID: 36902395 PMCID: PMC10003785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) counts as a major global health problem, as it presents a significant causative factor for liver-related morbidity and mortality. The development of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) as a characteristic of a persistent, chronic infection could be caused, among others, by the pleiotropic function of the viral regulatory protein HBx. The latter is known to modulate an onset of cellular and viral signaling processes with emerging influence in liver pathogenesis. However, the flexible and multifunctional nature of HBx impedes the fundamental understanding of related mechanisms and the development of associated diseases, and has even led to partial controversial results in the past. Based on the cellular distribution of HBx-nuclear-, cytoplasmic- or mitochondria-associated-this review encompasses the current knowledge and previous investigations of HBx in context of cellular signaling pathways and HBV-associated pathogenesis. In addition, particular focus is set on the clinical relevance and potential novel therapeutic applications in the context of HBx.
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9
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You H, Ma L, Wang X, Zhang F, Han Y, Yao J, Pan X, Zheng K, Kong F, Tang R. The emerging role of DEAD/H-box helicases in hepatitis B virus infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1062553. [PMID: 36506030 PMCID: PMC9732268 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1062553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
DEAD/H-box helicases are an essential protein family with a conserved motif containing unique amino acid sequences (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp/His). Current evidence indicates that DEAD/H-box helicases regulate RNA metabolism and innate immune responses. In recent years, DEAD/H-box helicases have been reported to participate in the development of a variety of diseases, including hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, which is a significant risk factor for hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests that different DEAD/H-box helicases play vital roles in the regulation of viral replication, based on the interaction of DEAD/H-box helicases with HBV and the modulation of innate signaling pathways mediated by DEAD/H-box helicases. Besides these, HBV can alter the expression and activity of DEAD/H-box helicases to facilitate its biosynthesis. More importantly, current investigation suggests that targeting DEAD/H-box helicases with appropriate compounds is an attractive treatment strategy for the virus infection. In this review, we delineate recent advances in molecular mechanisms relevant to the interplay of DEAD/H-box helicase and HBV and the potential of targeting DEAD/H-box helicase to eliminate HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lihong Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fulong Zhang
- Imaging Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Yiran Han
- First School of Clinical Medical, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaqi Yao
- School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiucheng Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kuiyang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Sciences Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fanyun Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Renxian Tang, ; Fanyun Kong,
| | - Renxian Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Sciences Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Renxian Tang, ; Fanyun Kong,
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10
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Damle VG, Wu K, Arouri DJ, Schirhagl R. Detecting free radicals post viral infections. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 191:8-23. [PMID: 36002131 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Free radical generation plays a key role in viral infections. While free radicals have an antimicrobial effect on bacteria or fungi, their interplay with viruses is complicated and varies greatly for different types of viruses as well as different radical species. In some cases, radical generation contributes to the defense against the viruses and thus reduces the viral load. In other cases, radical generation induces mutations or damages the host tissue and can increase the viral load. This has led to antioxidants being used to treat viral infections. Here we discuss the roles that radicals play in virus pathology. Furthermore, we critically review methods that facilitate the detection of free radicals in vivo or in vitro in viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- V G Damle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - K Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - D J Arouri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - R Schirhagl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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11
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Lin C, Ou Q. Emerging role of mitochondria in response to
HBV
infection. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24704. [PMID: 36111656 PMCID: PMC9551126 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B is a major global health problem that potentially life‐threatening liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which can lead to death due to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A considerable of research has demonstrated that mitochondrial dysfunction exists in patients with HBV infection, indicating that there is clinical relation between HBV infection and mitochondrial alterations. To explore the complex interplay between the functions of mitochondria and HBV infection in greater depth, we systematically summarized these mitochondrial alterations due to HBV infection in recent years. The liver is the central organ of metabolism that is a mitochondria‐rich tissue and represents strong defense and regeneration capabilities in the body. Infested cells and their microenvironment must upregulate energy production for proliferation, growth, and effector functions to restrain the damage imposed by HBV. The changes in metabolic pathways caused by HBV infection are nothing more than those in the cytoplasm and mitochondria. Thus, this article brings into focus the effects of novel reprogramming of inner and outer mitochondria on HBV infection and then derives novel insights and new approaches for HBV diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caorui Lin
- Department of Laboratory MedicineGene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Qishui Ou
- Department of Laboratory MedicineGene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
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12
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Feitelson MA, Arzumanyan A, Spector I, Medhat A. Hepatitis B x (HBx) as a Component of a Functional Cure for Chronic Hepatitis B. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092210. [PMID: 36140311 PMCID: PMC9496119 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients who are carriers of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) are at high risk of chronic liver disease (CLD) which proceeds from hepatitis, to fibrosis, cirrhosis and to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The hepatitis B-encoded X antigen, HBx, promotes virus gene expression and replication, protects infected hepatocytes from immunological destruction, and promotes the development of CLD and HCC. For virus replication, HBx regulates covalently closed circular (ccc) HBV DNA transcription, while for CLD, HBx triggers cellular oxidative stress, in part, by triggering mitochondrial damage that stimulates innate immunity. Constitutive activation of NF-κB by HBx transcriptionally activates pro-inflammatory genes, resulting in hepatocellular destruction, regeneration, and increased integration of the HBx gene into the host genome. NF-κB is also hepatoprotective, which sustains the survival of infected cells. Multiple therapeutic approaches include direct-acting anti-viral compounds and immune-stimulating drugs, but functional cures were not achieved, in part, because none were yet devised to target HBx. In addition, many patients with cirrhosis or HCC have little or no virus replication, but continue to express HBx from integrated templates, suggesting that HBx contributes to the pathogenesis of CLD. Blocking HBx activity will, therefore, impact multiple aspects of the host–virus relationship that are relevant to achieving a functional cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Feitelson
- Room 409 Biolife Building, Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, 1900 N. 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-215-204-8434
| | - Alla Arzumanyan
- Room 409 Biolife Building, Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, 1900 N. 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | | | - Arvin Medhat
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Islamic Azad University Tehran North Branch, Tehran 1975933411, Iran
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13
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Zhang C, Zhao Y, Yu M, Qin J, Ye B, Wang Q. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Chronic Liver Disease. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:3156-3165. [PMID: 35877442 PMCID: PMC9319137 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44070218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are generally considered the powerhouse of the cell, a small subcellular organelle that produces most of the cellular energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, mitochondria are involved in various biological functions, such as biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, cell signal transduction, and apoptosis. Mitochondrial dysfunction is manifested in different aspects, like increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis disorder, abnormal mitophagy, as well as changes in mitochondrial morphology and structure. Mitochondrial dysfunction is related to the occurrence and development of various chronic liver diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), viral hepatitis, drug-induced liver injury (DILI), alcoholic fatty liver (AFL), and non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL). In this review, we summarize and discuss the role and mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in chronic liver disease, focusing on and discussing some of the latest studies on mitochondria and chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (J.Q.)
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Yabin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (J.Q.)
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Mengli Yu
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (J.Q.)
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Jianru Qin
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (J.Q.)
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Bingyu Ye
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (J.Q.)
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Correspondence: (B.Y.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qiwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (J.Q.)
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Correspondence: (B.Y.); (Q.W.)
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14
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You H, Qin S, Zhang F, Hu W, Li X, Liu D, Kong F, Pan X, Zheng K, Tang R. Regulation of Pattern-Recognition Receptor Signaling by HBX During Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:829923. [PMID: 35251017 PMCID: PMC8891514 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.829923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a small DNA virus, hepatitis B virus (HBV) plays a pivotal role in the development of various liver diseases, including hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Among the molecules encoded by this virus, the HBV X protein (HBX) is a viral transactivator that plays a vital role in HBV replication and virus-associated diseases. Accumulating evidence so far indicates that pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are at the front-line of the host defense responses to restrict the virus by inducing the expression of interferons and various inflammatory factors. However, depending on HBX, the virus can control PRR signaling by modulating the expression and activity of essential molecules involved in the toll-like receptor (TLR), retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptor (RLR), and NOD-like receptor (NLR) signaling pathways, to not only facilitate HBV replication, but also promote the development of viral diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the mechanisms that are linked to the regulation of PRR signaling mediated by HBX to inhibit innate immunity, regulation of viral propagation, virus-induced inflammation, and hepatocarcinogenesis. Given the importance of PRRs in the control of HBV replication, we propose that a comprehensive understanding of the modulation of cellular factors involved in PRR signaling induced by the viral protein may open new avenues for the treatment of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Suping Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Fulong Zhang
- Imaging Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group Suqian Hospital, The Affiliate Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Xiaocui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Liu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group Suqian Hospital, The Affiliate Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Fanyun Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiucheng Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kuiyang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Sciences Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Renxian Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Sciences Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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15
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Kong F, You H, Zheng K, Tang R, Zheng C. The crosstalk between pattern-recognition receptor signaling and calcium signaling. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:745-756. [PMID: 34634335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune system is the first line of host defense, and it is capable of resisting both exogenous pathogenic challenges and endogenous danger signals via different pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including Toll-like receptors, retinoic acid-inducible gene-1 (RIG-1)-like receptors, cytosolic DNA sensors, as well as nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors. After recognizing the pathogen-associated molecular patterns from exogenous microbes or the damage-associated molecular patterns from endogenous immune-stimulatory signals, these PRRs signaling pathways can induce the expression of interferons and inflammatory factors against microbial pathogen invasion and endogenous stresses. Calcium (Ca2+) is a second messenger that participates in the modulation of various biological processes, including survival, proliferation, apoptosis, and immune response, and is involved in diverse diseases, such as autoimmune diseases and virus infection. To date, accumulating evidence elucidated that the PRR signaling exhibited a regulatory effect on Ca2+ signaling. Meanwhile, Ca2+ signaling also played a critical role in controlling biological processes mediated by the PRR adaptors. Since the importance of these two signalings, it would be interesting to clarify the deeper biological implications of their interplays. This review focuses on the crosstalk between Ca2+ signaling and PRR signaling to regulate innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanyun Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongjuan You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kuiyang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renxian Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chunfu Zheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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