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Bel’skaya LV, Dyachenko EI. Oxidative Stress in Breast Cancer: A Biochemical Map of Reactive Oxygen Species Production. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:4646-4687. [PMID: 38785550 PMCID: PMC11120394 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This review systematizes information about the metabolic features of breast cancer directly related to oxidative stress. It has been shown those redox changes occur at all levels and affect many regulatory systems in the human body. The features of the biochemical processes occurring in breast cancer are described, ranging from nonspecific, at first glance, and strictly biochemical to hormone-induced reactions, genetic and epigenetic regulation, which allows for a broader and deeper understanding of the principles of oncogenesis, as well as maintaining the viability of cancer cells in the mammary gland. Specific pathways of the activation of oxidative stress have been studied as a response to the overproduction of stress hormones and estrogens, and specific ways to reduce its negative impact have been described. The diversity of participants that trigger redox reactions from different sides is considered more fully: glycolytic activity in breast cancer, and the nature of consumption of amino acids and metals. The role of metals in oxidative stress is discussed in detail. They can act as both co-factors and direct participants in oxidative stress, since they are either a trigger mechanism for lipid peroxidation or capable of activating signaling pathways that affect tumorigenesis. Special attention has been paid to the genetic and epigenetic regulation of breast tumors. A complex cascade of mechanisms of epigenetic regulation is explained, which made it possible to reconsider the existing opinion about the triggers and pathways for launching the oncological process, the survival of cancer cells and their ability to localize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila V. Bel’skaya
- Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Omsk State Pedagogical University, 644099 Omsk, Russia;
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Wu D, Zhang K, Khan FA, Pandupuspitasari NS, Guan K, Sun F, Huang C. A comprehensive review on signaling attributes of serine and serine metabolism in health and disease. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129607. [PMID: 38253153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Serine is a metabolite with ever-expanding metabolic and non-metabolic signaling attributes. By providing one‑carbon units for macromolecule biosynthesis and functional modifications, serine and serine metabolism largely impinge on cellular survival and function. Cancer cells frequently have a preference for serine metabolic reprogramming to create a conducive metabolic state for survival and aggressiveness, making intervention of cancer-associated rewiring of serine metabolism a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Beyond providing methyl donors for methylation in modulation of innate immunity, serine metabolism generates formyl donors for mitochondrial tRNA formylation which is required for mitochondrial function. Interestingly, fully developed neurons lack the machinery for serine biosynthesis and rely heavily on astrocytic l-serine for production of d-serine to shape synaptic plasticity. Here, we recapitulate recent discoveries that address the medical significance of serine and serine metabolism in malignancies, mitochondrial-associated disorders, and neurodegenerative pathologies. Metabolic control and epigenetic- and posttranslational regulation of serine metabolism are also discussed. Given the metabolic similarities between cancer cells, neurons and germ cells, we further propose the relevance of serine metabolism in testicular homeostasis. Our work provides valuable hints for future investigations that will lead to a deeper understanding of serine and serine metabolism in cellular physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Kejia Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Faheem Ahmed Khan
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta Pusat 10340, Indonesia
| | | | - Kaifeng Guan
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Fei Sun
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Chunjie Huang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
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Zhong X, He Z, Yin L, Fan Y, Tong Y, Kang Y, Bi Q. Glutamine metabolism in tumor metastasis: Genes, mechanisms and the therapeutic targets. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20656. [PMID: 37829798 PMCID: PMC10565784 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells frequently change their metabolism from aerobic glycolysis to lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism to adapt to the malignant biological behaviours of infinite proliferation and distant metastasis. The significance of metabolic substances and patterns in tumour cell metastasis is becoming increasingly prominent. Tumour metastasis involves a series of significant steps such as the shedding of cancer cells from a primary tumour, resistance to apoptosis, and colonisation of metastatic sites. However, the role of glutamine in these processes remains unclear. This review summarises the key enzymes and transporters involved in glutamine metabolism that are related to the pathogenesis of malignant tumour metastasis. We also list the roles of glutamine in resisting oxidative stress and promoting immune escape. Finally, the significance of targeting glutamine metabolism in inhibiting tumour metastasis was proposed, research in this field improving our understanding of amino acid metabolism rewiring and simultaneously bringing about new and exciting therapeutic prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xugang Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zeju He
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Li Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu Tong
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou Medical College People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou Medical College People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Bi
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou Medical College People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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Numprasit W, Yangngam S, Prasopsiri J, Quinn JA, Edwards J, Thuwajit C. Carbonic anhydrase IX-related tumoral hypoxia predicts worse prognosis in breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1087270. [PMID: 37007798 PMCID: PMC10063856 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1087270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundTumoral hypoxia is associated with aggressiveness in many cancers including breast cancer. However, measuring hypoxia is complicated. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a reliable endogenous marker of hypoxia under the control of the master regulator hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). The expression of CAIX is associated with poor prognosis in many solid malignancies; however, its role in breast cancer remains controversial.MethodsThe present study performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the correlation between CAIX expression and disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in breast cancer.ResultsA total of 2,120 publications from EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus were screened. Of these 2,120 publications, 272 full texts were reviewed, and 27 articles were included in the meta-analysis. High CAIX was significantly associated with poor DFS (HR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.39–2.07, p < 0.00001) and OS (HR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.40–2.91, p = 0.0002) in patients with breast cancer. When stratified by subtype, the high CAIX group was clearly associated with shorter DFS (HR = 2.09, 95% CI =1.11–3.92, p = 0.02) and OS (HR = 2.50, 95% CI =1.53–4.07, p = 0.0002) in TNBC and shorter DFS in ER+ breast cancer (HR = 1.81 95% CI =1.38–2.36, p < 0.0001).ConclusionHigh CAIX expression is a negative prognostic marker of breast cancer regardless of the subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warapan Numprasit
- Division of Head Neck and Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- School of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Supaporn Yangngam
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jaturawitt Prasopsiri
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jean A. Quinn
- School of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Edwards
- School of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Chanitra Thuwajit
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Chanitra Thuwajit,
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Wang Z, Wu X, Chen HN, Wang K. Amino acid metabolic reprogramming in tumor metastatic colonization. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1123192. [PMID: 36998464 PMCID: PMC10043324 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1123192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is considered as the major cause of cancer death. Cancer cells can be released from primary tumors into the circulation and then colonize in distant organs. How cancer cells acquire the ability to colonize in distant organs has always been the focus of tumor biology. To enable survival and growth in the new environment, metastases commonly reprogram their metabolic states and therefore display different metabolic properties and preferences compared with the primary lesions. For different microenvironments in various colonization sites, cancer cells must transfer to specific metabolic states to colonize in different distant organs, which provides the possibility of evaluating metastasis tendency by tumor metabolic states. Amino acids provide crucial precursors for many biosynthesis and play an essential role in cancer metastasis. Evidence has proved the hyperactivation of several amino acid biosynthetic pathways in metastatic cancer cells, including glutamine, serine, glycine, branched chain amino acids (BCAAs), proline, and asparagine metabolism. The reprogramming of amino acid metabolism can orchestrate energy supply, redox homeostasis, and other metabolism-associated pathways during cancer metastasis. Here, we review the role and function of amino acid metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells colonizing in common metastatic organs, including lung, liver, brain, peritoneum, and bone. In addition, we summarize the current biomarker identification and drug development of cancer metastasis under the amino acid metabolism reprogramming, and discuss the possibility and prospect of targeting organ-specific metastasis for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Wang
- Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingyun Wu
- West China School of Basic Medical Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hai-Ning Chen
- Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kui Wang
- West China School of Basic Medical Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Pereira-Veiga T, Bravo S, Gómez-Tato A, Yáñez-Gómez C, Abuín C, Varela V, Cueva J, Palacios P, Dávila-Ibáñez AB, Piñeiro R, Vilar A, Chantada-Vázquez MDP, López-López R, Costa C. Red Blood Cells Protein Profile Is Modified in Breast Cancer Patients. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100435. [PMID: 36519745 PMCID: PMC9713370 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of death for most breast cancer (BC) patients who succumb to the disease. During the hematogenous dissemination, circulating tumor cells interact with different blood components. Thus, there are microenvironmental and systemic processes contributing to cancer regulation. We have recently published that red blood cells (RBCs) that accompany circulating tumor cells have prognostic value in metastatic BC patients. RBC alterations are related to several diseases. Although the principal known role is gas transport, it has been recently assigned additional functions as regulatory cells on circulation. Hence, to explore their potential contribution to tumor progression, we characterized the proteomic composition of RBCs from 53 BC patients from stages I to III and IV, compared with 33 cancer-free controls. In this work, we observed that RBCs from BC patients showed a different proteomic profile compared to cancer-free controls and between different tumor stages. The differential proteins were mainly related to extracellular components, proteasome, and metabolism. Embryonic hemoglobins, not expected in adults' RBCs, were detected in BC patients. Besides, lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 emerge as a new RBCs marker with diagnostic and prognostic potential for metastatic BC patients. Seemingly, RBCs are acquiring modifications in their proteomic composition that probably represents the systemic cancer disease, conditioned by the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Pereira-Veiga
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Susana Bravo
- Proteomic Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias-IDIS, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio Gómez-Tato
- CITMAga, University of Santiago de Compostela (Campus Vida), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Celso Yáñez-Gómez
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen Abuín
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Vanesa Varela
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan Cueva
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Patricia Palacios
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana B Dávila-Ibáñez
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Piñeiro
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Vilar
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Del Pilar Chantada-Vázquez
- Proteomic Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias-IDIS, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rafael López-López
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Clotilde Costa
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, Madrid, Spain.
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Gao Y, Jing N, Teng X, Wang Y. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1 promotes low-grade glioma progression by activating mTORC1 signaling. Neurol Res 2022; 45:415-422. [PMID: 36417280 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2022.2149516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This research aimed to explore the role and potential mechanism of serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1 (SHMT1) involvement in low-grade glioma (LGG). METHODS GEPIA were employed to analyze the expression and the correlation of LGG patient survival with the levels of SHMT1 in LGG based on the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. qRT-PCR and western blot were used to detect the expression of SHMT1 in LGG cells. Clone formation, EdU staining, MTT, Transwell and wound healing assays were conducted to analyze the proliferation, cell activity, migration and invasion of LGG cells. KEEG analysis was performed for enrichment pathways of SHMT1 in LGG. RESULTS SHMT1 was up-regulated in LGG tissues and cells, and SHMT1 level was negatively correlated with survival of patients with LGG. SHMT1 overexpression evidently promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion, whereas SHMT1 silence obtained the opposite results. Next, KEEG analysis revealed that SHMT1 activated the mTORC1 pathway in LGG. SHMT1 overexpression significantly promoted the phosphorylation of downstream proteins (P70SK6 and S6) in LGG cells. Further, inhibition of the mTORC1 signaling pathway partially abolished the promotion of LGG progression by SHMT1 overexpression. CONCLUSION SHMT1 promoted proliferation, invasion and migration of LGG cells via activating mTORC1 signaling pathway. This provided a novel perspective for the treatment of LGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhangqiu District People’s Hospital, Jinan 250200, P.R. China
| | - Nianliang Jing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhangqiu District People’s Hospital, Jinan 250200, P.R. China
| | - Xukun Teng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhangqiu District People’s Hospital, Jinan 250200, P.R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, P.R. China
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Onwudiwe K, Burchett AA, Datta M. Mechanical and metabolic interplay in the brain metastatic microenvironment. Front Oncol 2022; 12:932285. [PMID: 36059679 PMCID: PMC9436395 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.932285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this Perspective, we provide our insights and opinions about the contribution-and potential co-regulation-of mechanics and metabolism in incurable breast cancer brain metastasis. Altered metabolic activity can affect cancer metastasis as high glucose supply and demand in the brain microenvironment favors aerobic glycolysis. Similarly, the altered mechanical properties of disseminating cancer cells facilitate migration to and metastatic seeding of the brain, where local metabolites support their progression. Cancer cells in the brain and the brain tumor microenvironment often possess opposing mechanical and metabolic properties compared to extracranial cancer cells and their microenvironment, which inhibit the ease of extravasation and metastasis of these cells outside the central nervous system. We posit that the brain provides a metabolic microenvironment that mechanically reinforces the cellular structure of cancer cells and supports their metastatic growth while restricting their spread from the brain to external organs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Meenal Datta
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
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Hahm ER, Mathan SV, Singh RP, Singh SV. Breast Cancer Selective Disruption of Actin Cytoskeleton by Diallyl Trisulfide. J Cancer Prev 2022; 27:101-111. [PMID: 35864856 PMCID: PMC9271405 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2022.27.2.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Diallyl trisulfide (DATS) is an attractive anti-cancer phytochemical with in vitro and in vivo growth inhibitory effects against different solid tumors including breast cancer. We have shown previously that an immortalized mammary epithelial cell line (MCF-10A) is resistant to growth inhibition by DATS. In this study, we performed RNA-seq analysis using a breast cancer cell line (SK-BR-3) and MCF-10A cells to gain insights into cancer selective effects of DATS. The Gene Ontology analysis revealed upregulation of genes associated with actin cytoskeleton but downregulation of mitochondria-related genes in the SK-BR-3 human breast cancer cell line but not in the non-oncogenic MCF-10A cell line upon treatment with DATS. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction confirmed DATS-mediated upregulation of several actin cytoskeleton-related genes in the SK-BR-3 cell line. The DATS treatment dose-dependently disrupted actin cytoskeleton in the SK-BR-3 cell line, whereas the MCF-10A cell line was more resistant to this effect. The DATS treatment caused a marked increase in phosphorylation of dynamin-1-like (DRP1) protein in the SK-BR-3 cell line. However, the DATS-mediated apoptosis was not affected by genetic deletion of DRP1 protein. The Reactome pathway analysis showed downregulation of genes associated with citric acid cycle in the SK-BR-3 cell line but not in the MCF-10A cells. However, expression of aconitase 2 or dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase was not affected by DATS treatment. In conclusion, this study reveals that actin cytoskeleton is a novel target of DATS in the SK-BR-3 cell line, which may explain its inhibitory effect on breast cancer cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ryeong Hahm
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sivapar V. Mathan
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rana P. Singh
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivendra V. Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Baumann Z, Auf der Maur P, Bentires‐Alj M. Feed-forward loops between metastatic cancer cells and their microenvironment-the stage of escalation. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e14283. [PMID: 35506376 PMCID: PMC9174884 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer among women, and metastases in distant organs are the leading cause of the cancer-related deaths. While survival of early-stage breast cancer patients has increased dramatically, the 5-year survival rate of metastatic patients has barely improved in the last 20 years. Metastases can arise up to decades after primary tumor resection, hinting at microenvironmental factors influencing the sudden outgrowth of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs). This review summarizes how the environment of the most common metastatic sites (lung, liver, bone, brain) is influenced by the primary tumor and by the varying dormancy of DTCs, with a special focus on how established metastases persist and grow in distant organs due to feed-forward loops (FFLs). We discuss in detail the importance of FFL of cancer cells with their microenvironment including the secretome, interaction with specialized tissue-specific cells, nutrients/metabolites, and that novel therapies should target not only the cancer cells but also the tumor microenvironment, which are thick as thieves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zora Baumann
- Tumor Heterogeneity Metastasis and ResistanceDepartment of BiomedicineUniversity Hospital BaselUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Priska Auf der Maur
- Tumor Heterogeneity Metastasis and ResistanceDepartment of BiomedicineUniversity Hospital BaselUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Mohamed Bentires‐Alj
- Tumor Heterogeneity Metastasis and ResistanceDepartment of BiomedicineUniversity Hospital BaselUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
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Menendez JA, Lupu R. Fatty acid synthase: A druggable driver of breast cancer brain metastasis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:427-444. [PMID: 35545806 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2077189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain metastasis (BrM) is a key contributor to morbidity and mortality in breast cancer patients, especially among high-risk epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) and triple-negative/basal-like molecular subtypes. Optimal management of BrM is focused on characterizing a "BrM dependency map" to prioritize targetable therapeutic vulnerabilities. AREAS COVERED We review recent studies addressing the targeting of BrM in the lipid-deprived brain environment, which selects for brain-tropic breast cancer cells capable of cell-autonomously generating fatty acids by upregulating de novo lipogenesis via fatty acid synthase (FASN). Disruption of FASN activity impairs breast cancer growth in the brain, but not extracranially, and mapping of the molecular causes of organ-specific patterns of metastasis has uncovered an enrichment of lipid metabolism signatures in brain metastasizing cells. Targeting SREBP1-the master regulator of lipogenic gene transcription-curtails the ability of breast cancer cells to survive in the brain microenvironment. EXPERT OPINION Targeting FASN represents a new therapeutic opportunity for patients with breast cancer and BrM. Delivery of brain-permeable FASN inhibitors and identifying strategies to target metabolic plasticity that might compensate for impaired brain FASN activity are two potential roadblocks that may hinder FASN-centered strategies against BrM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Menendez
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, 17007 Girona, Spain.,Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 Girona, Spain
| | - Ruth Lupu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Understanding metabolic alterations and heterogeneity in cancer progression through validated immunodetection of key molecular components: a case of carbonic anhydrase IX. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 40:1035-1053. [PMID: 35080763 PMCID: PMC8825433 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-10011-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metabolic heterogeneity develops in response to both intrinsic factors (mutations leading to activation of oncogenic pathways) and extrinsic factors (physiological and molecular signals from the extracellular milieu). Here we review causes and consequences of metabolic alterations in cancer cells with focus on hypoxia and acidosis, and with particular attention to carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX). CA IX is a cancer-associated enzyme induced and activated by hypoxia in a broad range of tumor types, where it participates in pH regulation as well as in molecular mechanisms supporting cancer cells’ invasion and metastasis. CA IX catalyzes reversible conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate ion plus proton and cooperates with a spectrum of molecules transporting ions or metabolites across the plasma membrane. Thereby CA IX contributes to extracellular acidosis as well as to buffering intracellular pH, which is essential for cell survival, metabolic performance, and proliferation of cancer cells. Since CA IX expression pattern reflects gradients of oxygen, pH, and other intratumoral factors, we use it as a paradigm to discuss an impact of antibody quality and research material on investigating metabolic reprogramming of tumor tissue. Based on the validation, we propose the most reliable CA IX-specific antibodies and suggest conditions for faithful immunohistochemical analysis of molecules contributing to heterogeneity in cancer progression.
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Corchado-Cobos R, García-Sancha N, Mendiburu-Eliçabe M, Gómez-Vecino A, Jiménez-Navas A, Pérez-Baena MJ, Holgado-Madruga M, Mao JH, Cañueto J, Castillo-Lluva S, Pérez-Losada J. Pathophysiological Integration of Metabolic Reprogramming in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020322. [PMID: 35053485 PMCID: PMC8773662 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tumors exhibit metabolic changes that differentiate them from the normal tissues from which they derive. These metabolic changes favor tumor growth, are primarily induced by cancer cells, and produce metabolic and functional changes in the surrounding stromal cells. There is a close functional connection between the metabolic changes in tumor cells and those that appear in the surrounding stroma. A better understanding of intratumoral metabolic interactions may help identify new vulnerabilities that will facilitate new, more individualized treatment strategies against cancer. We review the metabolic changes described in tumor and stromal cells and their functional changes and then consider, in depth, the metabolic interactions between the cells of the two compartments. Although these changes are generic, we illustrate them mainly with reference to examples in breast cancer. Abstract Metabolic changes that facilitate tumor growth are one of the hallmarks of cancer. The triggers of these metabolic changes are located in the tumor parenchymal cells, where oncogenic mutations induce an imperative need to proliferate and cause tumor initiation and progression. Cancer cells undergo significant metabolic reorganization during disease progression that is tailored to their energy demands and fluctuating environmental conditions. Oxidative stress plays an essential role as a trigger under such conditions. These metabolic changes are the consequence of the interaction between tumor cells and stromal myofibroblasts. The metabolic changes in tumor cells include protein anabolism and the synthesis of cell membranes and nucleic acids, which all facilitate cell proliferation. They are linked to catabolism and autophagy in stromal myofibroblasts, causing the release of nutrients for the cells of the tumor parenchyma. Metabolic changes lead to an interstitium deficient in nutrients, such as glucose and amino acids, and acidification by lactic acid. Together with hypoxia, they produce functional changes in other cells of the tumor stroma, such as many immune subpopulations and endothelial cells, which lead to tumor growth. Thus, immune cells favor tissue growth through changes in immunosuppression. This review considers some of the metabolic changes described in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Corchado-Cobos
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.C.-C.); (N.G.-S.); (M.M.-E.); (A.G.-V.); (A.J.-N.); (M.J.P.-B.); (J.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Natalia García-Sancha
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.C.-C.); (N.G.-S.); (M.M.-E.); (A.G.-V.); (A.J.-N.); (M.J.P.-B.); (J.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Marina Mendiburu-Eliçabe
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.C.-C.); (N.G.-S.); (M.M.-E.); (A.G.-V.); (A.J.-N.); (M.J.P.-B.); (J.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Aurora Gómez-Vecino
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.C.-C.); (N.G.-S.); (M.M.-E.); (A.G.-V.); (A.J.-N.); (M.J.P.-B.); (J.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Alejandro Jiménez-Navas
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.C.-C.); (N.G.-S.); (M.M.-E.); (A.G.-V.); (A.J.-N.); (M.J.P.-B.); (J.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Manuel Jesús Pérez-Baena
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.C.-C.); (N.G.-S.); (M.M.-E.); (A.G.-V.); (A.J.-N.); (M.J.P.-B.); (J.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Marina Holgado-Madruga
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jian-Hua Mao
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
- Berkeley Biomedical Data Science Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Javier Cañueto
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.C.-C.); (N.G.-S.); (M.M.-E.); (A.G.-V.); (A.J.-N.); (M.J.P.-B.); (J.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Departamento de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sonia Castillo-Lluva
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.C.-L.); (J.P-L.)
| | - Jesús Pérez-Losada
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.C.-C.); (N.G.-S.); (M.M.-E.); (A.G.-V.); (A.J.-N.); (M.J.P.-B.); (J.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Correspondence: (S.C.-L.); (J.P-L.)
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14
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Parida PK, Marquez-Palencia M, Nair V, Kaushik AK, Kim K, Sudderth J, Quesada-Diaz E, Cajigas A, Vemireddy V, Gonzalez-Ericsson PI, Sanders ME, Mobley BC, Huffman K, Sahoo S, Alluri P, Lewis C, Peng Y, Bachoo RM, Arteaga CL, Hanker AB, DeBerardinis RJ, Malladi S. Metabolic diversity within breast cancer brain-tropic cells determines metastatic fitness. Cell Metab 2022; 34:90-105.e7. [PMID: 34986341 PMCID: PMC9307073 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
HER2+ breast cancer patients are presented with either synchronous (S-BM), latent (Lat), or metachronous (M-BM) brain metastases. However, the basis for disparate metastatic fitness among disseminated tumor cells of similar oncotype within a distal organ remains unknown. Here, employing brain metastatic models, we show that metabolic diversity and plasticity within brain-tropic cells determine metastatic fitness. Lactate secreted by aggressive metastatic cells or lactate supplementation to mice bearing Lat cells limits innate immunosurveillance and triggers overt metastasis. Attenuating lactate metabolism in S-BM impedes metastasis, while M-BM adapt and survive as residual disease. In contrast to S-BM, Lat and M-BM survive in equilibrium with innate immunosurveillance, oxidize glutamine, and maintain cellular redox homeostasis through the anionic amino acid transporter xCT. Moreover, xCT expression is significantly higher in matched M-BM brain metastatic samples compared to primary tumors from HER2+ breast cancer patients. Inhibiting xCT function attenuates residual disease and recurrence in these preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravat Kumar Parida
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Mauricio Marquez-Palencia
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Vidhya Nair
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Akash K Kaushik
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kangsan Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jessica Sudderth
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Eduardo Quesada-Diaz
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ambar Cajigas
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Vamsidhara Vemireddy
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Paula I Gonzalez-Ericsson
- Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Melinda E Sanders
- Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bret C Mobley
- Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kenneth Huffman
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sunati Sahoo
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Prasanna Alluri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Cheryl Lewis
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Robert M Bachoo
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Carlos L Arteaga
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ariella B Hanker
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Srinivas Malladi
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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15
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Kaushik P, Kumar A. Emerging role and function of miR-198 in human health and diseases. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 229:153741. [PMID: 34952425 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ever since their discovery, microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) have astonished us by the plethora of processes they regulate, and thus adding another dimension to the gene regulation. They have been implicated in several diseases affecting cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, hepatic, autoimmune and inflammatory functions. A primate specific exonic miRNA, miR-198 has been vastly studied during the past decade, and shown to have a critical role in wound healing. The aberrant expression of miR-198 was first reported in schizophrenia, linking it to neural development. Later, its dysregulation and tumor suppressive role was reported in hepatocellular carcinoma. However, this was just a beginning, and after which there was an explosion of reports linking miR-198 deregulation to cancers and other ailments. The first target to be identified for miR-198 was Cyclin T1 in monocytes affecting HIV1 replication. Depending on the type of cancer, miR-198 has been shown to function either as a tumor suppressor or an oncomir. Interestingly, miR-198 is not only known to regulate multiple targets and pathways, but also is itself regulated by several circular RNAs and long-non-coding RNAs, highlighting a complex regulatory network. This review highlights the currently understood mechanism and regulation of miR-198 in different diseases, and its possible diagnostic and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankhuri Kaushik
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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16
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Shin E, Koo JS. Glucose Metabolism and Glucose Transporters in Breast Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:728759. [PMID: 34552932 PMCID: PMC8450384 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.728759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide and is associated with high mortality rates despite the continuously advancing treatment strategies. Glucose is essential for cancer cell metabolism owing to the Warburg effect. During the process of glucose metabolism, various glycolytic metabolites, such as serine and glycine metabolites, are produced and other metabolic pathways, such as the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), are associated with the process. Glucose is transported into the cell by glucose transporters, such as GLUT. Breast cancer shows high expressions of glucose metabolism-related enzymes and GLUT, which are also related to breast cancer prognosis. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), which is a high-grade breast cancer, is especially dependent on glucose metabolism. Breast cancer also harbors various stromal cells such as cancer-associated fibroblasts and immune cells as tumor microenvironment, and there exists a metabolic interaction between these stromal cells and breast cancer cells as explained by the reverse Warburg effect. Breast cancer is heterogeneous, and, consequently, its metabolic status is also diverse, which is especially affected by the molecular subtype, progression stage, and metastatic site. In this review, we will focus on glucose metabolism and glucose transporters in breast cancer, and we will additionally discuss their potential applications as cancer imaging tracers and treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ja Seung Koo
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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17
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Mosier JA, Schwager SC, Boyajian DA, Reinhart-King CA. Cancer cell metabolic plasticity in migration and metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis 2021; 38:343-359. [PMID: 34076787 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-021-10102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer metastasis in which cancer cells manipulate their metabolic profile to meet the dynamic energetic requirements of the tumor microenvironment. Though cancer cell proliferation and migration through the extracellular matrix are key steps of cancer progression, they are not necessarily fueled by the same metabolites and energy production pathways. The two main metabolic pathways cancer cells use to derive energy from glucose, glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, are preferentially and plastically utilized by cancer cells depending on both their intrinsic metabolic properties and their surrounding environment. Mechanical factors in the microenvironment, such as collagen density, pore size, and alignment, and biochemical factors, such as oxygen and glucose availability, have been shown to influence both cell migration and glucose metabolism. As cancer cells have been identified as preferentially utilizing glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation based on heterogeneous intrinsic or extrinsic factors, the relationship between cancer cell metabolism and metastatic potential is of recent interest. Here, we review current in vitro and in vivo findings in the context of cancer cell metabolism during migration and metastasis and extrapolate potential clinical applications of this work that could aid in diagnosing and tracking cancer progression in vivo by monitoring metabolism. We also review current progress in the development of a variety of metabolically targeted anti-metastatic drugs, both in clinical trials and approved for distribution, and highlight potential routes for incorporating our recent understanding of metabolic plasticity into therapeutic directions. By further understanding cancer cell energy production pathways and metabolic plasticity, more effective and successful clinical imaging and therapeutics can be developed to diagnose, target, and inhibit metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna A Mosier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Samantha C Schwager
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David A Boyajian
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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18
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Cutruzzolà F, Bouzidi A, Liberati FR, Spizzichino S, Boumis G, Macone A, Rinaldo S, Giardina G, Paone A. The Emerging Role of Amino Acids of the Brain Microenvironment in the Process of Metastasis Formation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2891. [PMID: 34207731 PMCID: PMC8227515 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases are the most severe clinical manifestation of aggressive tumors. Melanoma, breast, and lung cancers are the types that prefer the brain as a site of metastasis formation, even if the reasons for this phenomenon still remain to be clarified. One of the main characteristics that makes a cancer cell able to form metastases in the brain is the ability to interact with the endothelial cells of the microvasculature, cross the blood-brain barrier, and metabolically adapt to the nutrients available in the new microenvironment. In this review, we analyzed what makes the brain a suitable site for the development of metastases and how this microenvironment, through the continuous release of neurotransmitters and amino acids in the extracellular milieu, is able to support the metabolic needs of metastasizing cells. We also suggested a possible role for amino acids released by the brain through the endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier into the bloodstream in triggering the process of extravasation/invasion of the brain parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alessio Paone
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (A.B.); (F.R.L.); (S.S.); (G.B.); (A.M.); (S.R.); (G.G.)
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19
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Tarragó-Celada J, Cascante M. Targeting the Metabolic Adaptation of Metastatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071641. [PMID: 33915900 PMCID: PMC8036928 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The search for new therapeutic opportunities to target cancer metastasis is crucial for the improvement of cancer treatment. One of the characteristics of tumoral and metastatic cells is the capacity to reorganize their metabolism, together with the ability to grow faster, migrate and form new tumours in distant sites. Therefore, the pharmaceutical inhibition of metabolic pathways represents a promising strategy to specifically target metastatic cells, especially in colorectal cancer metastasis. Abstract Metabolic adaptation is emerging as an important hallmark of cancer and metastasis. In the last decade, increasing evidence has shown the importance of metabolic alterations underlying the metastatic process, especially in breast cancer metastasis but also in colorectal cancer metastasis. Being the main cause of cancer-related deaths, it is of great importance to developing new therapeutic strategies that specifically target metastatic cells. In this regard, targeting metabolic pathways of metastatic cells is one of the more promising windows for new therapies of metastatic colorectal cancer, where still there are no approved inhibitors against metabolic targets. In this study, we review the recent advances in the field of metabolic adaptation of cancer metastasis, focusing our attention on colorectal cancer. In addition, we also review the current status of metabolic inhibitors for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Tarragó-Celada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Marta Cascante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28020 Madrid, Spain
- Metabolomics Node at Spanish National Bioinformatics Institute (INB-ISCIII-ES-ELIXIR), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-934-021-593
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20
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Abstract
Metastasis formation is the major cause of death in most patients with cancer. Despite extensive research, targeting metastatic seeding and colonization is still an unresolved challenge. Only recently, attention has been drawn to the fact that metastasizing cancer cells selectively and dynamically adapt their metabolism at every step during the metastatic cascade. Moreover, many metastases display different metabolic traits compared with the tumours from which they originate, enabling survival and growth in the new environment. Consequently, the stage-dependent metabolic traits may provide therapeutic windows for preventing or reducing metastasis, and targeting the new metabolic traits arising in established metastases may allow their eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Bergers
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Resistance, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- UCSF Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Sarah-Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium.
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21
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Tandon M, Othman AH, Winogradzki M, Pratap J. Bone metastatic breast cancer cells display downregulation of PKC-ζ with enhanced glutamine metabolism. Gene 2021; 775:145419. [PMID: 33444686 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women and its metastases results in poor survival rates in patients. The ability to alter metabolism is a key attribute cancer cells use to survive within different metastatic microenvironments and cause organ failure. We hypothesized that evaluation of metabolic alterations within tumor cells could provide a better understanding of cancer metastasis. Therefore, to investigate underlying metabolic alterations during metastases, we utilized human MDA-MB-231 and mouse 4T1 models that closely mimic human breast cancer metastasis. METHODS The glycolysis and glutamine pathway-related changes were examined in bone metastatic cells by XF-24 extracellular flux analyzer and western blotting. The expression levels of genes related to metabolism were examined by PCR arrays. RESULTS The MDA-MB-231 cells isolated after bone metastases showed reduced glucose uptake and glycolysis compared to parental cells, suggesting that these cells could alter metabolic requirements for survival. To understand these metabolic changes, we investigated glutamine, a common and naturally occurring non-essential amino acid. Interestingly, in reduced glucose conditions both cell lines showed dependence on glutamine for cell survival, and with glutamine withdrawal significantly increasing apoptotic cell death. Glutamine was also critical for normal cell proliferation even in the presence of high glucose concentrations. To further understand this metabolic switch in metastatic cells, we examined the genes related to metabolism and identified a more than seven-fold downregulation of protein kinase C zeta (PKC-ζ) expression levels in bone-derived MDA-MB-231 cells compared to the parental population. The PKC-ζ levels were also significantly reduced in metastatic 4T1 cells compared to non-metastatic MT1A2 cells. Since PKC-ζ deficiency promotes glutamine utilization via the serine biosynthesis pathway, we examined glutamine metabolism. The ectopic expression of PKC-ζ inhibited glutamine conversion to glutamate, while mutant PKC-ζ reversed this effect. Furthermore, the gene expression levels of enzymes involved in serine biosynthesis, phosphoserine phosphatase (PSPH), phosphoserine aminotransferase (PSAT1), and phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) showed upregulation following glucose deprivation with PKC-ζ deficiency. The PHGDH upregulation was inhibited by ectopically expressing wild type but not mutated PKC-ζ in glucose-deprived conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the upregulation of serine biosynthesis pathway genes and downregulation of PKC-ζ as potential metabolic alterations for bone metastatic breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Tandon
- Suite 507, Armour Academic Building, Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Ahmad H Othman
- Suite 507, Armour Academic Building, Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Marcus Winogradzki
- Suite 507, Armour Academic Building, Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Jitesh Pratap
- Suite 507, Armour Academic Building, Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
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22
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Rinaldi G, Pranzini E, Van Elsen J, Broekaert D, Funk CM, Planque M, Doglioni G, Altea-Manzano P, Rossi M, Geldhof V, Teoh ST, Ross C, Hunter KW, Lunt SY, Grünewald TGP, Fendt SM. In Vivo Evidence for Serine Biosynthesis-Defined Sensitivity of Lung Metastasis, but Not of Primary Breast Tumors, to mTORC1 Inhibition. Mol Cell 2020; 81:386-397.e7. [PMID: 33340488 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In tumors, nutrient availability and metabolism are known to be important modulators of growth signaling. However, it remains elusive whether cancer cells that are growing out in the metastatic niche rely on the same nutrients and metabolic pathways to activate growth signaling as cancer cells within the primary tumor. We discovered that breast-cancer-derived lung metastases, but not the corresponding primary breast tumors, use the serine biosynthesis pathway to support mTORC1 growth signaling. Mechanistically, pyruvate uptake through Mct2 supported mTORC1 signaling by fueling serine biosynthesis-derived α-ketoglutarate production in breast-cancer-derived lung metastases. Consequently, expression of the serine biosynthesis enzyme PHGDH was required for sensitivity to the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin in breast-cancer-derived lung tumors, but not in primary breast tumors. In summary, we provide in vivo evidence that the metabolic and nutrient requirements to activate growth signaling differ between the lung metastatic niche and the primary breast cancer site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Rinaldi
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erica Pranzini
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Joke Van Elsen
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dorien Broekaert
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cornelius M Funk
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Thalkirchner Strasse 36, 80337 Munich, Germany; Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mélanie Planque
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ginevra Doglioni
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patricia Altea-Manzano
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matteo Rossi
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vincent Geldhof
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shao Thing Teoh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Christina Ross
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kent W Hunter
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sophia Y Lunt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Thomas G P Grünewald
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Thalkirchner Strasse 36, 80337 Munich, Germany; Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah-Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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23
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Zhang J, Wang E, Zhang L, Zhou B. PSPH induces cell autophagy and promotes cell proliferation and invasion in the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line Huh7 via the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway. Cell Biol Int 2020; 45:305-319. [PMID: 33079432 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoserine phosphatase (PSPH), a key enzyme of the l-serine synthesis pathway, has been involved in cancer progression and survival. However, limited evidence revealed the PSPH influence on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Herein, we observed that PSPH expression was upregulated in both HCC tissues and cell lines, which was determined by western blotting. TCGA database showed that the PSPH protein levels were significantly upregulated and affected patient survival rates in HCC. Then gain- and loss-of-function manipulations were performed by transfection with a pcDNA-PSPH expression vector or a specific short interfering RNA against PSPH in Huh7 cells. Huh7 cell proliferation, stemness, invasion, and apoptosis were assessed by using CCK-8 test, colony formation assay, Transwell assay, and Flow cytometry analysis, respectively, and levels of autophagy-related proteins were detected by using western blotting. The results showed that PSPH could induce Huh7 cell autophagy, promote cell proliferation and invasion, and inhibit apoptosis. The knockdown of PSPH could inhibit Huh7 cell proliferation, invasion, and autophagy. Furthermore, PSPH activated Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and TGF beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), affected the adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway, but could not activate calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (CaMKK) in Huh7 cells. Inhibition of either LKB1, TAK1, or AMPK could eliminate the effect of PSPH overexpression on Huh7 cell behaviors. However, inhibition of CaMKK could not influence the effect of PSPH overexpression on Huh7 cell behaviors. In conclusion, PSPH could induce autophagy, promote proliferation and invasion, and inhibit apoptosis in HCC cells via the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Zhang
- The Second General Surgery Department, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Erhao Wang
- Department of Medicine, Institute for DNA and its Products, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Digestive System Department, The Second Affiliand Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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24
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Lee SH, Griffiths JR. How and Why Are Cancers Acidic? Carbonic Anhydrase IX and the Homeostatic Control of Tumour Extracellular pH. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061616. [PMID: 32570870 PMCID: PMC7352839 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The acidic tumour microenvironment is now recognized as a tumour phenotype that drives cancer somatic evolution and disease progression, causing cancer cells to become more invasive and to metastasise. This property of solid tumours reflects a complex interplay between cellular carbon metabolism and acid removal that is mediated by cell membrane carbonic anhydrases and various transport proteins, interstitial fluid buffering, and abnormal tumour-associated vessels. In the past two decades, a convergence of advances in the experimental and mathematical modelling of human cancers, as well as non-invasive pH-imaging techniques, has yielded new insights into the physiological mechanisms that govern tumour extracellular pH (pHe). In this review, we examine the mechanisms by which solid tumours maintain a low pHe, with a focus on carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), a cancer-associated cell surface enzyme. We also review the accumulating evidence that suggest a role for CAIX as a biological pH-stat by which solid tumours stabilize their pHe. Finally, we highlight the prospects for the clinical translation of CAIX-targeted therapies in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Han Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Jalan Langgar, Alor Setar 05460, Kedah, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - John R. Griffiths
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK;
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25
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Abstract
Skeletal involvement is a frequent and troublesome complication in advanced cancers. In the process of tumor cells homing to the skeleton to form bone metastases (BM), different mechanisms allow tumor cells to interact with cells of the bone microenvironment and seed in the bone tissue. Among these, tumor acidosis has been directly associated with tumor invasion and aggressiveness in several types of cancer although it has been less explored in the context of BM. In bone, the association of local acidosis and cancer invasiveness is even more important for tumor expansion since the extracellular matrix is formed by both organic and hard inorganic matrices and bone cells are used to sense protons and adapt or react to a low pH to maintain tissue homeostasis. In the BM microenvironment, increased concentration of protons may derive not only from glycolytic tumor cells but also from tumor-induced osteoclasts, the bone-resorbing cells, and may influence the progression or symptoms of BM in many different ways, by directly enhancing cancer cell motility and aggressiveness, or by modulating the functions of bone cells versus a pro-tumorigenic phenotype, or by inducing bone pain. In this review, we will describe and discuss the cause of acidosis in BM, its role in BM microenvironment, and which are the final effectors that may be targeted to treat metastatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Avnet
- Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Gemma Di Pompo
- Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Lemma
- Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Baldini
- Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40123, Bologna, Italy
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26
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Chen S, Yang J, Liu Y, You H, Dong Y, Lyu J. Prognostic factors and survival outcomes according to tumor subtype in patients with breast cancer lung metastases. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8298. [PMID: 31871847 PMCID: PMC6924336 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reports on the incidence and prognoses of lung metastases when diagnosing breast cancer patients with different subtypes are limited. Our study investigated the effect of molecular sub-typing stratification on the prognoses of lung metastatic breast caner patients. Methods Patients with breast cancer and lung metastases were identified from Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results population-based data between 2010 and 2015. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors and prognoses, overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival for patients with breast cancer lung metastases. Results We identified 6,516 patients with lung metastatic breast cancer, representing 1.7% of the entire cohort and 30.4% of the subset with metastatic disease. This included 2,940 hormone receptor (HR)+/HER2- patients, 852 HR+/HER2+ patients, 547 HR-/HER2+ patients and 983 triple-negative patients. The median OS for all lung metastatic patients was 13 months. Multivariate analysis revealed that those lung metastatic breast cancer patients of older age (>80), black race, with poorly differentiated tumors, carcinoma histology, triple-negative subtype, more metastatic sites and no surgery, and no chemotherapy showed significantly poor survival, both overall and breast cancer-specific. Conclusions Our findings show that molecular sub-type and more metastatic sites might have significant influence on the incidence and prognosis of breast cancer lung metastases. We also identified several prognostic factors that could guide therapy selection in the treatment of lung metastatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haisheng You
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yalin Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Lyu
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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27
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Alves WEFM, Bonatelli M, Dufloth R, Kerr LM, Carrara GFA, da Costa RFA, Scapulatempo-Neto C, Tiezzi D, da Costa Vieira RA, Pinheiro C. CAIX is a predictor of pathological complete response and is associated with higher survival in locally advanced breast cancer submitted to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1173. [PMID: 31795962 PMCID: PMC6889185 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6353-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Locally advanced breast cancer often undergoes neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), which allows in vivo evaluation of the therapeutic response. The determination of the pathological complete response (pCR) is one way to evaluate the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. However, the rate of pCR differs significantly between molecular subtypes and the cause is not yet determined. Recently, the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells and its implications for tumor growth and dissemination has gained increasing prominence and could contribute to a better understanding of NAC. Thus, this study proposed to evaluate the expression of metabolism-related proteins and its association with pCR and survival rates. METHODS The expression of monocarboxylate transporters 1 and 4 (MCT1 and MCT4, respectively), cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147), glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1) and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) was analyzed in 196 locally advanced breast cancer samples prior to NAC. The results were associated with clinical-pathological characteristics, occurrence of pCR, disease-free survival (DFS), disease-specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS The occurrence of pCR was higher in the group of patients whith tumors expressing GLUT1 and CAIX than in the group without expression (27.8% versus 13.1%, p = 0.030 and 46.2% versus 13.5%, p = 0.007, respectively). Together with regional lymph nodes staging and mitotic staging, CAIX expression was considered an independent predictor of pCR. In addition, CAIX expression was associated with DFS and DSS (p = 0.005 and p = 0.012, respectively). CONCLUSIONS CAIX expression was a predictor of pCR and was associated with higher DFS and DSS in locally advanced breast cancer patients subjected to NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Eduardo Furlan Matos Alves
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Department, Barretos Cancer Hospital - Pio XII Foundation, Rua Antenor Duarte Vilela, N° 1331, Barretos, São Paulo, 14784-400, Brazil. .,Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Murilo Bonatelli
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rozany Dufloth
- Pathology Department, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lígia Maria Kerr
- Pathology Department, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Filipe Alves da Costa
- Research and Teaching Institute, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil.,Barretos School of Health Sciences Dr. Paulo Prata - FACISB, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Tiezzi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics - Breast Disease Division, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribreirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Céline Pinheiro
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil.,Barretos School of Health Sciences Dr. Paulo Prata - FACISB, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
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28
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Dias AS, Almeida CR, Helguero LA, Duarte IF. Metabolic crosstalk in the breast cancer microenvironment. Eur J Cancer 2019; 121:154-171. [PMID: 31581056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
During tumorigenesis, breast tumour cells undergo metabolic reprogramming, which generally includes enhanced glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle activity, glutaminolysis and fatty acid biosynthesis. However, the extension and functional importance of these metabolic alterations may diverge not only according to breast cancer subtypes, but also depending on the interaction of cancer cells with the complex surrounding microenvironment. This microenvironment comprises a variety of non-cancerous cells, such as immune cells (e.g. macrophages, lymphocytes, natural killer cells), fibroblasts, adipocytes and endothelial cells, together with extracellular matrix components and soluble factors, which influence cancer progression and are predictive of clinical outcome. The continuous interaction between cancer and stromal cells results in metabolic competition and symbiosis, with oncogenic-driven metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells shaping the metabolism of neighbouring cells and vice versa. This review addresses current knowledge on this metabolic crosstalk within the breast tumour microenvironment (TME). Improved understanding of how metabolism in the TME modulates cancer development and evasion of tumour-suppressive mechanisms may provide clues for novel anticancer therapeutics directed to metabolic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Dias
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal; iBiMED - Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Catarina R Almeida
- iBiMED - Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Luisa A Helguero
- iBiMED - Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Iola F Duarte
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal.
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29
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Cordero A, Kanojia D, Miska J, Panek WK, Xiao A, Han Y, Bonamici N, Zhou W, Xiao T, Wu M, Ahmed AU, Lesniak MS. FABP7 is a key metabolic regulator in HER2+ breast cancer brain metastasis. Oncogene 2019; 38:6445-6460. [PMID: 31324889 PMCID: PMC6742563 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0893-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in breast cancer patients is associated with increased incidence of breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM), but the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. Here, to identify brain-predominant genes critical for the establishment of BCBM, we conducted an in silico screening analysis and identified that increased levels of fatty acid-binding protein 7 (FABP7) correlate with a lower survival and higher incidence of brain metastases in breast cancer patients. We validated these findings using HER2+ BCBM cells compared with parental breast cancer cells. Importantly, through knockdown and overexpression assays, we characterized the role of FABP7 in the BCBM process in vitro and in vivo. Our results uncover a key role of FABP7 in metabolic reprogramming of HER2 + breast cancer cells, supporting a glycolytic phenotype and storage of lipid droplets that enable their adaptation and survival in the brain microenvironment. In addition, FABP7 is shown to be required for upregulation of key metastatic genes and pathways, such as integrins-Src and VEGFA, and for the growth of HER2+ breast cancer cells in the brain microenvironment in vivo. Together, our results support FABP7 as a potential target for the treatment of HER2+ BCBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Cordero
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Deepak Kanojia
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jason Miska
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Wojciech K Panek
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Annie Xiao
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Nicolas Bonamici
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Weidong Zhou
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Ting Xiao
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Meijing Wu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Atique U Ahmed
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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30
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Abstract
Cancer development is a complex process that follows an intricate scenario with a dynamic interplay of selective and adaptive steps and an extensive cast of molecules and signaling pathways. Solid tumor initially grows as an avascular bulk of cells carrying oncogenic mutations until diffusion distances from the nearest functional blood vessels limit delivery of nutrients and oxygen on the one hand and removal of metabolic waste on the other one. These restrictions result in regional hypoxia and acidosis that select for adaptable tumor cells able to promote aberrant angiogenesis, remodel metabolism, acquire invasiveness and metastatic propensity, and gain therapeutic resistance. Tumor cells are thereby endowed with capability to survive and proliferate in hostile microenvironment, communicate with stroma, enter circulation, colonize secondary sites, and generate metastases. While the role of oncogenic mutations initializing and driving these processes is well established, a key contribution of non-genomic, landscaping molecular players is still less appreciated despite they can equally serve as viable targets of anticancer therapies. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is one of these players: it is induced by hypoxia, functionally linked to acidosis, implicated in invasiveness, and correlated with therapeutic resistance. Here, we summarize the available experimental evidence supported by accumulating preclinical and clinical data that CA IX can contribute virtually to each step of cancer progression path via its enzyme activity and/or non-catalytic mechanisms. We also propose that targeting tumor cells that express CA IX may provide therapeutic benefits in various settings and combinations with both conventional and newly developed treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pastorekova
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Robert J Gillies
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Avenue, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
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31
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Gao Y, Bado I, Wang H, Zhang W, Rosen JM, Zhang XHF. Metastasis Organotropism: Redefining the Congenial Soil. Dev Cell 2019; 49:375-391. [PMID: 31063756 PMCID: PMC6506189 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the most devastating stage of cancer progression and causes the majority of cancer-related deaths. Clinical observations suggest that most cancers metastasize to specific organs, a process known as "organotropism." Elucidating the underlying mechanisms may help identify targets and treatment strategies to benefit patients. This review summarizes recent findings on tumor-intrinsic properties and their interaction with unique features of host organs, which together determine organ-specific metastatic behaviors. Emerging insights related to the roles of metabolic changes, the immune landscapes of target organs, and variation in epithelial-mesenchymal transitions open avenues for future studies of metastasis organotropism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Igor Bado
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hai Wang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Rosen
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiang H-F Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; McNair Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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32
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Sousa B, Pereira J, Paredes J. The Crosstalk Between Cell Adhesion and Cancer Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1933. [PMID: 31010154 PMCID: PMC6515343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells preferentially use aerobic glycolysis over mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation for energy production, and this metabolic reprogramming is currently recognized as a hallmark of cancer. Oncogenic signaling frequently converges with this metabolic shift, increasing cancer cells' ability to produce building blocks and energy, as well as to maintain redox homeostasis. Alterations in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion promote cancer cell invasion, intravasation, anchorage-independent survival in circulation, and extravasation, as well as homing in a distant organ. Importantly, during this multi-step metastatic process, cells need to induce metabolic rewiring, in order to produce the energy needed, as well as to impair oxidative stress. Although the individual implications of adhesion molecules and metabolic reprogramming in cancer have been widely explored over the years, the crosstalk between cell adhesion molecular machinery and metabolic pathways is far from being clearly understood, in both normal and cancer contexts. This review summarizes our understanding about the influence of cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion in the metabolic behavior of cancer cells, with a special focus concerning the role of classical cadherins, such as Epithelial (E)-cadherin and Placental (P)-cadherin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Sousa
- Ipatimup-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- i3S, Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana Pereira
- Ipatimup-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- i3S, Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana Paredes
- Ipatimup-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- i3S, Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
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Liao L, Yu H, Ge M, Zhan Q, Huang R, Ji X, Liang X, Zhou X. Upregulation of phosphoserine phosphatase contributes to tumor progression and predicts poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Thorac Cancer 2019; 10:1203-1212. [PMID: 30977310 PMCID: PMC6500996 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Growing evidence indicates that high phosphoserine phosphatase (PSPH) expression is associated with tumor prognosis in many types of cancers. However, the role of PSPH in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of PSPH in NSCLC. Methods One hundred forty‐three patients with histologically confirmed NSCLC who underwent surgery were included. Quantitative real‐time PCR and Western blot were used to assess PSPH expression in paired tumor and corresponding adjacent non‐tumorous tissues. The role of PSPH in invasion and cell growth was investigated in vitro. Results Compared to adjacent normal lung tissues, PSPH messenger RNA and protein levels were significantly higher in NSCLC tissues, and the PSPH expression level was positively related to clinical stage, metastasis, and recurrence. High PSPH expression was predictive of poor overall survival. A549 cells transfected with small interfering‐PSPH showed inhibited cell migration, invasion, and proliferation. We further demonstrated that PSPH might promote the invasive capabilities of NSCLC cells through the AKT/AMPK signaling pathway. Conclusion Our results indicate that PSPH may act as a putative oncogene in NSCLC, and may be a vital molecular marker for the metastasis and proliferation of NSCLC cells by regulating the AKT/AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liao
- Department of Oncology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huajian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengxi Ge
- Department of Oncology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Zhan
- Department of Oncology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruofan Huang
- Department of Oncology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ji
- Department of Oncology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohua Liang
- Department of Oncology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinli Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Interfering Expression of Chimeric Transcript SEPT7P2-PSPH Promotes Cell Proliferation in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:1654724. [PMID: 31057610 PMCID: PMC6463592 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1654724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a distinct type of head and neck cancer which is mostly prevalent in southern China. The development of NPC involves accumulation of multiple genetic changes. Chromosomal translocation is always thought to be accompanied with the fusion chimeric products. To data, the role of the fusion chimeric transcript remains obscure. Materials and Methods We performed RNA sequencing to detect the fusion genes in ten NPC tissues. Sanger sequencing and quantitative RT-PCR were used to measure the level of the fusion chimeric transcript in NPC tissues and cell lines. The functional experiments such as CCK8 assay, colony formation, and migration/invasion were conducted to analyze the role of this transcript in NPC in vitro. Results We demonstrated that the chimeric transcript SEPT7P2-PSPH was formed by trans-splicing of adjacent genes in the absence of chromosomal rearrangement and observed in both NPC patients and cell lines in parallel. Low-expression of the SEPT7P2-PSPH chimeric transcript induced the protein expression of PSPH and promoted cell proliferation, metastasis/invasion, and transforming ability in vitro. Conclusions Our findings indicate that the chimeric transcript SEPT7P2-PSPH is a product of trans-splicing of two adjacent genes and might be a tumor suppressor gene, potentially having the role of anticancer activity.
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Nagaprashantha LD, Singhal J, Chikara S, Gugiu G, Horne D, Awasthi S, Salgia R, Singhal SS. 2′-Hydroxyflavanone induced changes in the proteomic profile of breast cancer cells. J Proteomics 2019; 192:233-245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Liu G, Sun P, Dong B, Sehouli J. Key regulator of cellular metabolism, estrogen-related receptor α, a new therapeutic target in endocrine-related gynecological tumor. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:6887-6895. [PMID: 30588094 PMCID: PMC6296681 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s182466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα), is an orphan transcription factor. Recently, many studies have reported its regulatory mechanisms and transcriptional targets after identification. Therefore, it may be eligible to join the rank of other nuclear receptors that control almost all aspects of cell metabolism. Cellular metabolism reprogramming plays a key role in fueling malignant change. The purpose of this review was to demonstrate that the ERRα plays an important role in the association between gynecological endocrine-related tumors and energy metabolism. Furthermore, regulation of ERRα may represent a promising strategy to induce cellular metabolic vulnerability of cancer from different origins. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of current treatment strategies may be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- GuiFen Liu
- Laboratory of Gynaecologic Oncology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 350001 Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China,
| | - PengMing Sun
- Laboratory of Gynaecologic Oncology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 350001 Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China, .,Department of Gynaecology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 350001 Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China,
| | - BinHua Dong
- Laboratory of Gynaecologic Oncology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 350001 Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China,
| | - Jalid Sehouli
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology and Gynaecology, Charité/Campus Virchow-Klinikum, European Competence Centre for Ovarian Cancer University of Berlin, Berlin 13353, Germany
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The Nutrient-Sensing Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway as the Hub of Cancer Metabolic Rewiring. Cells 2018; 7:cells7060053. [PMID: 29865240 PMCID: PMC6025041 DOI: 10.3390/cells7060053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in glucose and glutamine utilizing pathways and in fatty acid metabolism are currently considered the most significant and prevalent metabolic changes observed in almost all types of tumors. Glucose, glutamine and fatty acids are the substrates for the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). This metabolic pathway generates the “sensing molecule” UDP-N-Acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc). UDP-GlcNAc is the substrate for the enzymes involved in protein N- and O-glycosylation, two important post-translational modifications (PTMs) identified in several proteins localized in the extracellular space, on the cell membrane and in the cytoplasm, nucleus and mitochondria. Since protein glycosylation controls several key aspects of cell physiology, aberrant protein glycosylation has been associated with different human diseases, including cancer. Here we review recent evidence indicating the tight association between the HBP flux and cell metabolism, with particular emphasis on the post-transcriptional and transcriptional mechanisms regulated by the HBP that may cause the metabolic rewiring observed in cancer. We describe the implications of both protein O- and N-glycosylation in cancer cell metabolism and bioenergetics; focusing our attention on the effect of these PTMs on nutrient transport and on the transcriptional regulation and function of cancer-specific metabolic pathways.
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Zhuang H, Li Q, Zhang X, Ma X, Wang Z, Liu Y, Yi X, Chen R, Han F, Zhang N, Li Y. Downregulation of glycine decarboxylase enhanced cofilin-mediated migration in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2018. [PMID: 29524606 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer. Glycine decarboxylase (GLDC), an oxidoreductase, plays an important role in amino acid metabolism. While GLDC promotes tumor initiation and proliferation in non-small cell lung cancer and glioma and it was reported as a putative tumor suppressor gene in gastric cancer, the role of GLDC in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unknown. In the current study, microarray-based analysis suggested that GLDC expression was low in highly malignant HCC cell lines, and clinicopathological analysis revealed a decrease in GLDC in HCC tumor samples. While the knockdown of GLDC enhanced cancer cell migration and invasion, GLDC overexpression inhibited them. Mechanistic studies revealed that GLDC knockdown increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased the ratio of glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG), which in turn dampened the ubiquitination of cofilin, a key regulator of actin polymerization. Consequently, the protein level of cofilin was elevated, which accounted for the increase in cell migration. The overexpression of GLDC reversed the phenotype. Treatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine decreased the protein level of cofilin while treatment with H2O2 increased it, further confirming the role of ROS in regulating cofilin degradation. In a tumor xenographic transplant nude mouse model, the knockdown of GLDC promoted intrahepatic metastasis of HCC while GLDC overexpression inhibited it. Our data indicate that GLDC downregulation decreases ROS-mediated ubiquitination of cofilin to enhance HCC progression and intrahepatic metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Department of Pathogen Biology & Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Hepatic Biliary Pancreatic Surgery, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450000, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xinran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Department of Pathogen Biology & Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xuda Ma
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Department of Pathogen Biology & Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Zun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Department of Pathogen Biology & Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Department of Pathogen Biology & Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xianfu Yi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Ruibing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Department of Pathogen Biology & Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Feng Han
- Department of Hepatic Biliary Pancreatic Surgery, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450000, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Department of Pathogen Biology & Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Yongmei Li
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Department of Pathogen Biology & Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
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Elia I, Doglioni G, Fendt SM. Metabolic Hallmarks of Metastasis Formation. Trends Cell Biol 2018; 28:673-684. [PMID: 29747903 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis to distant organs is a predictor of poor prognosis. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to understand the mechanisms that impinge on the different steps of the metastatic cascade. Recent work has revealed that particular metabolic pathways are rewired in cancer cells to support their transition through the metastatic cascade, resulting in the formation of secondary tumors in distant organs. Indeed, metabolic rewiring induces signaling pathways during initial cancer invasion, circulating cancer cells depend on enhanced antioxidant defenses, and cancer cells colonizing a distant organ require increased ATP production. Moreover, the local environment of the metastatic niche dictates the metabolic pathways secondary tumors rely on. Here we describe mechanisms of metabolic rewiring associated with distinct steps of metastasis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Elia
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ginevra Doglioni
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah-Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Woo CC, Chen WC, Teo XQ, Radda GK, Lee PTH. Downregulating serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) suppresses tumorigenesis in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:53005-53017. [PMID: 27391339 PMCID: PMC5288164 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine-glycine biosynthetic pathway diverts the glycolytic intermediate 3-phosphoglycerate to synthesize serine and glycine, of which the latter was found to correlate with cancer cell proliferation. Increased de novo biosynthesis of glycine by serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) is the central mechanism to fuel one-carbon pools supporting tumorigenesis. However, the therapeutic potential in targeting SHMT2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unknown. In this study we showed that SHMT2 inhibition significantly suppressed liver tumorigenesis. In vitro, SHMT2-knockdown was found to reduce cell growth and tumorigenicity in Huh-7 and HepG2 liver cancer cells. Moreover SHMT2-knockdown Huh-7 cells failed to form tumor xenograft after subcutaneous inoculation into nude mice. Similarly, inducible SHMT2 inhibition, via doxycycline-added drinking water, was found to reduce tumor incidence and tumor growth in a human tumor xenograft mouse model. SHMT2-knockdown increased the susceptibility of Huh-7 cells to doxorubicin suggesting its potential in combination chemotherapy. Through isotopomer tracing of [2–13C] glycine metabolism, we demonstrated that SHMT2 activity is associated with cancer phenotype. However, overexpression of SHMT2 was insufficient to transform immortalized hepatic cells to malignancy, suggesting that SHMT2 is one of the building blocks in liver cancer metabolism but does not initiate malignant transformation. Moreover, our results suggest that glycine, but not 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, from the SHMT2-mediated enzymatic reaction is instrumental in tumorigenesis. Indeed, we found that SHMT2-knockdown cells exhibited increased glycine uptake. Taken together, our data suggest that SHMT2 may be a potential target in the treatment of human HCC.
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Hartung F, Wang Y, Aronow B, Weber GF. A core program of gene expression characterizes cancer metastases. Oncotarget 2017; 8:102161-102175. [PMID: 29254233 PMCID: PMC5731943 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
While aberrant expression or splicing of metastasis genes conveys to cancers the ability to break through tissue barriers and disseminate, the genetic basis for organ preference in metastasis formation has remained incompletely understood. Utilizing the gene expression profiles from 653 GEO datasets, we investigate whether the signatures by diverse cancers in various metastatic sites display common features. We corroborate the meta-analysis in a murine model. Metastases are generally characterized by a core program of gene expression that induces the oxidative metabolism, activates vascularization/tissue remodeling, silences extracellular matrix interactions, and alters ion homeostasis. This program distinguishes metastases from their originating primary tumors as well as from their target host tissues. Site-selectivity is accomplished through specific components that adjust to the target micro-environment. The same functional groups of gene expression programs are activated in the metastases of B16-F10 cells to various target organs. It remains to be investigated whether these genetic signatures precede implantation and thus determine organ preference or are shaped by the target site and are thus a consequence of implantation. Conceivably, chemotherapy of disseminated cancer might be more efficacious if selected to match the genetic makeup of the metastases rather than the organ of origin by the primary tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Hartung
- University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yunguan Wang
- Computational Medicine Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bruce Aronow
- Computational Medicine Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Georg F Weber
- University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Teoh ST, Lunt SY. Metabolism in cancer metastasis: bioenergetics, biosynthesis, and beyond. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 10. [DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shao Thing Teoh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University; East Lansing MI USA
| | - Sophia Y. Lunt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University; East Lansing MI USA
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Kim HY, Lee H, Kim SH, Jin H, Bae J, Choi HK. Discovery of potential biomarkers in human melanoma cells with different metastatic potential by metabolic and lipidomic profiling. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8864. [PMID: 28821754 PMCID: PMC5562697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08433-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma, characterized by its ability to metastasize to other organs, is responsible for 90% of skin cancer mortality. To investigate alterations in the cellular metabolome and lipidome related to melanoma metastasis, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and direct infusion-mass spectrometry (DI-MS)-based metabolic and lipidomic profiling were performed on extracts of normal human melanocyte (HEMn-LP), low metastatic melanoma (A375, G361), and highly metastatic melanoma (A2058, SK-MEL-28) cell lines. In this study, metabolomic analysis identified aminomalonic acid as a novel potential biomarker to discriminate between different stages of melanoma metastasis. Uptake and release of major metabolites as hallmarks of cancer were also measured between high and low metastatic melanoma cells. Lipid analysis showed a progressive increase in phosphatidylinositol (PI) species with saturated and monounsaturated fatty acyl chains, including 16:0/18:0, 16:0/18:1, 18:0/18:0, and 18:0/18:1, with increasing metastatic potential of melanoma cells, defining these lipids as possible biomarkers. In addition, a partial-least-squares projection to latent structure regression (PLSR) model for the prediction of metastatic properties of melanoma was established, and central metabolic and lipidomic pathways involved in the increased motility and metastatic potential of melanoma cells were identified as therapeutic targets. These results could be used to diagnose and control of melanoma metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Youn Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwanhui Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanyong Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeehyeon Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Kyoon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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Dong T, Liu Z, Xuan Q, Wang Z, Ma W, Zhang Q. Tumor LDH-A expression and serum LDH status are two metabolic predictors for triple negative breast cancer brain metastasis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6069. [PMID: 28729678 PMCID: PMC5519725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06378-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There are limited therapeutic methods for triple negative breast cancer in the clinic, which is easy to progress into the brain to form metastatic lesions and evolve into the terminal stage. Because both the primary cancer and the brain metastasis have high glycolysis, we hypothesize that lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), which catalyzes the final step of glycolysis, may be a predictor, as well as a treatment target, for breast cancer brain metastasis. Therefore, the expression of LDH-A was detected on 119 triple negative breast cancer tissues with immunohistochemistry, and the serum LDH levels were also measured. Our results showed that the LDH-A expression inside the tumor was significantly higher than the matched normal tissues. Tumor LDH-A expression, serum LDH status, and the slope of serum LDH status were closely associated with triple negative breast cancer brain metastasis and brain metastasis free survival. This study indicates that tumor LDH and serum LDH status are two predictors for triple negative breast cancer brain metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tieying Dong
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Haping Road 150 of Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China
| | - Zhaoliang Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Cancer Research Institute of Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Qijia Xuan
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Haping Road 150 of Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China
| | - Zhuozhong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenjie Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Haping Road 150 of Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Haping Road 150 of Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China.
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Curry J, Tassone P, Gill K, Tuluc M, BarAd V, Mollaee M, Whitaker-Menezes D, Rodeck U, Luginbuhl A, Cognetti D, Keane W, Martinez-Outschoorn U. Tumor Metabolism in the Microenvironment of Nodal Metastasis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017; 157:798-807. [PMID: 28608777 DOI: 10.1177/0194599817709224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective In many cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), different regions within a tumor have different metabolic phenotypes. Transfer of metabolites between compartments promotes tumor growth and aggressive behavior. Metabolic compartmentalization in HNSCC nodal metastases has not been studied, nor has its impact on extracapsular extension or clinical outcomes been determined. Study Design Retrospective analysis based on immunohistochemistry staining. Setting Tertiary care center. Subjects and Methods Primary tumors and nodal metastases from 34 surgically treated oral cavity HNSCC patients with extracapsular extension (ECE) were stained for monocarboyxlate transporter (MCT) 4, MCT1, translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20, and Ki-67. Strength of staining was assessed using a computer-assisted pathology algorithm. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) scores along with clinical factors were used to predict disease-free survival (DFS). Results Patterns of IHC staining showed metabolic compartmentalization both at the primary tumor sites and in nodal metastases. MCT4 staining in the perinodal stroma was significantly higher in specimens with ECE greater than 1 mm (macro-ECE, P = .01). Patients with high perinodal MCT4 staining were compared with those with low perinodal MCT4 staining. On multivariate analysis, only high perinodal MCT4 staining had a significant impact on DFS ( P = .02); patients with high perinodal MCT4 had worse survival. DFS was not significantly worsened by advancing T stage, N stage, ECE extent, or perineural invasion. Conclusion Oral HNSCC displays compartmentalized tumor metabolism at both primary and metastases. Greater cancer-associated stromal conversion around ECE, denoted by high stromal MCT4, may be a biomarker for aggressive disease and worsened DFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Curry
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patrick Tassone
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kurren Gill
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Madalina Tuluc
- 2 Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Voichita BarAd
- 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mehri Mollaee
- 2 Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Diana Whitaker-Menezes
- 4 Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ulrich Rodeck
- 5 Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adam Luginbuhl
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Cognetti
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William Keane
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Coughlin TR, Romero-Moreno R, Mason DE, Nystrom L, Boerckel JD, Niebur GL, Littlepage LE. Bone: A Fertile Soil for Cancer Metastasis. Curr Drug Targets 2017; 18:1281-1295. [PMID: 28025941 PMCID: PMC7932754 DOI: 10.2174/1389450117666161226121650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone is one of the most common and most dangerous sites for metastatic growth across cancer types, and bone metastasis remains incurable. Unfortunately, the processes by which cancers preferentially metastasize to bone are still not well understood. In this review, we summarize the morphological features, physical properties, and cell signaling events that make bone a unique site for metastasis and bone remodeling. The signaling crosstalk between the tumor cells and bone cells begins a vicious cycle - a self-sustaining feedback loop between the tumor cells and the bone microenvironment composed of osteoclasts, osteoblasts, other bone marrow cells, bone matrix, and vasculature to support both tumor growth and bone destruction. Through this crosstalk, bone provides a fertile microenvironment that can harbor dormant tumor cells, sometimes for long periods, and support their growth by releasing cytokines as the bone matrix is destroyed, similar to providing nutrients for a seed to germinate in soil. However, few models exist to study the late stages of bone colonization by metastatic tumor cells. We describe some of the current methodologies used to study bone metastasis, highlighting the limitations of these methods and alternative future strategies to be used to study bone metastasis. While <i>in vivo</i> animal and patient studies may provide the gold standard for studying metastasis, <i>ex vivo</i> models can be used as an alternative to enable more controlled experiments designed to study the late stages of bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R. Coughlin
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Ricardo Romero-Moreno
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Devon E. Mason
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Lukas Nystrom
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL
| | - Joel D. Boerckel
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Glen L. Niebur
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Laurie E. Littlepage
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
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Harrelson JP, Lee MW. Expanding the view of breast cancer metabolism: Promising molecular targets and therapeutic opportunities. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 167:60-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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van Kuijk SJA, Yaromina A, Houben R, Niemans R, Lambin P, Dubois LJ. Prognostic Significance of Carbonic Anhydrase IX Expression in Cancer Patients: A Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2016; 6:69. [PMID: 27066453 PMCID: PMC4810028 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a characteristic of many solid tumors and an adverse prognostic factor for treatment outcome. Hypoxia increases the expression of carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), an enzyme that is predominantly found on tumor cells and is involved in maintaining the cellular pH balance. Many clinical studies investigated the prognostic value of CAIX expression, but most have been inconclusive, partly due to small numbers of patients included. The present meta-analysis was therefore performed utilizing the results of all clinical studies to determine the prognostic value of CAIX expression in solid tumors. Renal cell carcinoma was excluded from this meta-analysis due to an alternative mechanism of upregulation. 958 papers were identified from a literature search performed in PubMed and Embase. These papers were independently evaluated by two reviewers and 147 studies were included in the analysis. The meta-analysis revealed strong significant associations between CAIX expression and all endpoints: overall survival [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.76, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.58–1.98], disease-free survival (HR = 1.87, 95%CI 1.62–2.16), locoregional control (HR = 1.54, 95%CI 1.22–1.93), disease-specific survival (HR = 1.78, 95%CI 1.41–2.25), metastasis-free survival (HR = 1.82, 95%CI 1.33–2.50), and progression-free survival (HR = 1.58, 95%CI 1.27–1.96). Subgroup analyses revealed similar associations in the majority of tumor sites and types. In conclusion, these results show that patients having tumors with high CAIX expression have higher risk of locoregional failure, disease progression, and higher risk to develop metastases, independent of tumor type or site. The results of this meta-analysis further support the development of a clinical test to determine patient prognosis based on CAIX expression and may have important implications for the development of new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J A van Kuijk
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO Lab), GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre , Maastricht , Netherlands
| | - Ala Yaromina
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO Lab), GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre , Maastricht , Netherlands
| | - Ruud Houben
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MAASTRO Clinic , Maastricht , Netherlands
| | - Raymon Niemans
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO Lab), GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre , Maastricht , Netherlands
| | - Philippe Lambin
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO Lab), GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre , Maastricht , Netherlands
| | - Ludwig J Dubois
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO Lab), GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre , Maastricht , Netherlands
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Tam IS, Giguère V. There and back again: The journey of the estrogen-related receptors in the cancer realm. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 157:13-9. [PMID: 26151739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The identification of two genes encoding polypeptides with structural features common with the estrogen receptor more than a quarter century ago, referred to as the estrogen-related receptors (ERRs), subsequently led to the discovery of several previously unrecognized hormone responsive systems through the application of reverse endocrinology. Paradoxically, the natural ligand(s) associated with members of the ERR subfamily remains to be identified. While initial studies on the mode of action and physiological functions of the ERRs focused on interaction with estrogen signalling in breast cancer, subsequent work showed that the ERRs are ubiquitous master regulators of cellular energy metabolism. This review aims to demonstrate that the ERRs occupy a central node at the interface of cancer and metabolism, and that modulation of their activity may represent a worthwhile strategy to induce metabolic vulnerability in tumors of various origins and thus achieve a more comprehensive response to current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid S Tam
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Vincent Giguère
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Departments of Biochemistry, Medicine and Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, PQ H3G 1Y6, Canada.
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Wu S, Zhang G, Li P, Chen S, Zhang F, Li J, Jiang C, Chen X, Wang Y, Du Y, Sun Q, Zhao G. miR-198 targets SHMT1 to inhibit cell proliferation and enhance cell apoptosis in lung adenocarcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:5193-202. [PMID: 26553359 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4369-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MiR-198 is involved in tumorigenesis, migration, invasion, and metastasis of various malignant cancers. However, the exact expression levels of miR-198 and the molecular mechanism underlying its role in lung adenocarcinoma require further exploration. In this study, quantitative real-time PCR was applied to study miR-198 and serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1 (SHMT1) expression in 47 paired lung adenocarcinoma tissues and adjacent nontumor lung tissues. Clinicopathological characters were analyzed. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to detect the relationship between miR-198 and SHMT1 expression. The function of miR-198 was explored by measuring cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, and the cell-cycle in vitro and in vivo. The target gene of miR-198 was certified using dual luciferase report assay. We found that in lung adenocarcinoma, miR-198 was significantly downregulated and SHMT1 was inversely upregulated. A strong negative correlation was noticed between miR-198 and SHMT1 expression. Further analysis revealed that miR-198 expression was associated with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis. Upregulated miR-198 could inhibit cell proliferation, enhance cell apoptosis, and lead to cell-cycle arrest in lung adenocarcinoma, which showed a more effective alteration than SHMT1 siRNA. Moreover, we identified SHMT1 as a target gene of miR-198. In conclusion, miR-198 suppressed proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma cells both in vitro and in vivo by directly targeting SHMT1. miR-198 may be a potential therapeutic target for lung adenocarcinoma in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People' s Republic of China
| | - Guojun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People' s Republic of China.
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People' s Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People' s Republic of China
| | - Furui Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People' s Republic of China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People' s Republic of China
| | - Chenyang Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People' s Republic of China
| | - Xiaonan Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People' s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People' s Republic of China
| | - Yuwen Du
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People' s Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People' s Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People' s Republic of China.
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