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Peng Q, Chen Y, Xie T, Pu D, Ho VWS, Sun J, Liu K, Chan RCK, Ding X, Teoh JYC, Wang X, Chiu PKF, Ng CF. PiRNA-4447944 promotes castration-resistant growth and metastasis of prostate cancer by inhibiting NEFH expression through forming the piRNA-4447944-PIWIL2-NEFH complex. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:3638-3655. [PMID: 38993562 PMCID: PMC11234203 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.96173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is the leading cause of prostate cancer (PCa)-related death in males, which occurs after the failure of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are crucial regulators in many human cancers, but their expression patterns and roles in CRPC remain unknown. In this study, we performed small RNA sequencing to explore CRPC-associated piRNAs using 10 benign prostate tissues, and 9 paired hormone-sensitive PCa (HSPCa) and CRPC tissues from the same patients. PiRNA-4447944 (piR-4447944) was discovered to be highly expressed in CRPC group compared with HSPCa and benign groups. Functional analyses revealed that piR-4447944 overexpression endowed PCa cells with castration resistance ability in vitro and in vivo, whereas knockdown of piR-4447944 using anti-sense RNA suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of CRPC cells. Additionally, enforced piR-4447944 expression promoted in vitro migration and invasion of PCa cells, and reduced cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, piR-4447944 bound to PIWIL2 to form a piR-4447944/PIWIL2 complex and inhibited tumor suppressor NEFH through direct interaction at the post-transcriptional level. Collectively, our study indicates that piR-4447944 is essential for prostate tumor-propagating cells and mediates androgen-independent growth of PCa, which extends current understanding of piRNAs in cancer biology and provides a potential approach for CRPC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Peng
- SH Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- HitGen Inc., Building 6, No.8 Huigu First East Road, Tianfu International Bio-Town, Shuangliu District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tingting Xie
- SH Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dandan Pu
- Department of Surgery, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vincy Wing-Sze Ho
- SH Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingkai Sun
- SH Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kang Liu
- SH Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ronald Cheong-Kin Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaofan Ding
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh
- SH Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peter Ka-Fung Chiu
- SH Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Fai Ng
- SH Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Deng X, Liao T, Xie J, Kang D, He Y, Sun Y, Wang Z, Jiang Y, Miao X, Yan Y, Tang H, Zhu L, Zou Y, Liu P. The burgeoning importance of PIWI-interacting RNAs in cancer progression. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:653-662. [PMID: 38198029 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2491-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNA molecules that specifically bind to piwi protein family members to exert regulatory functions in germ cells. Recent studies have found that piRNAs, as tissue-specific molecules, both play oncogenic and tumor suppressive roles in cancer progression, including cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, chemoresistance and stemness. Additionally, the atypical manifestation of piRNAs and PIWI proteins in various malignancies presents a promising strategy for the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the diagnosis and management of tumors. Nonetheless, the precise functions of piRNAs in cancer progression and their underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully comprehended. This review aims to examine current research on the biogenesis and functions of piRNA and its burgeoning importance in cancer progression, thereby offering novel perspectives on the potential utilization of piRNAs and piwi proteins in the management and treatment of advanced cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Tianle Liao
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Jindong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Da Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yiwei He
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yuying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhangling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yongluo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xuan Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yixuan Yan
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510062, China
| | - Hailin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Lewei Zhu
- The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, China.
| | - Yutian Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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Garcia-Borja E, Siegl F, Mateu R, Slaby O, Sedo A, Busek P, Sana J. Critical appraisal of the piRNA-PIWI axis in cancer and cancer stem cells. Biomark Res 2024; 12:15. [PMID: 38303021 PMCID: PMC10836005 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00563-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Small noncoding RNAs play an important role in various disease states, including cancer. PIWI proteins, a subfamily of Argonaute proteins, and PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) were originally described as germline-specific molecules that inhibit the deleterious activity of transposable elements. However, several studies have suggested a role for the piRNA-PIWI axis in somatic cells, including somatic stem cells. Dysregulated expression of piRNAs and PIWI proteins in human tumors implies that, analogously to their roles in undifferentiated cells under physiological conditions, these molecules may be important for cancer stem cells and thus contribute to cancer progression. We provide an overview of piRNA biogenesis and critically review the evidence for the role of piRNA-PIWI axis in cancer stem cells. In addition, we examine the potential of piRNAs and PIWI proteins to become biomarkers in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Garcia-Borja
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 478/5, Prague 2, 128 53, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Siegl
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rosana Mateu
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 478/5, Prague 2, 128 53, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aleksi Sedo
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 478/5, Prague 2, 128 53, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Busek
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 478/5, Prague 2, 128 53, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiri Sana
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic.
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Hammad G, Mamdouh S, Seoudi DM, Seleem MI, Safwat G, Mohamed RH. Elevated expression patterns of P-element Induced Wimpy Testis (PIWI) transcripts are potential candidate markers for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Biomark 2024; 39:95-111. [PMID: 38043006 PMCID: PMC11002723 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-230134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND P-Element-induced wimpy testis (PIWI) proteins, when in combination with PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA), are engaged in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression in germline cells. Different types of tumour cells have been found to exhibit abnormal expression of piRNA, PIWIL-mRNAs, and proteins. We aimed to determine the mRNA expression profiles of PIWIL1, PIWIL2, PIWIL3, & PIWIL4, in hepatocellular carcinoma patients, and to associate their expression patterns with clinicopathological features. METHODS The expression patterns of PIWIL1, PIWIL2, PIWIL3, PIWIL4 mRNA, was assessed via real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-QPCR), on tissue and serum samples from HCC patients, their impact for diagnosis was evaluated by ROC curves, prognostic utility was determined, and In Silico analysis was conducted for predicted variant detection, association with HCC microRNAs and Network Analysis. RESULTS Expression levels were significantly higher in both HCC tissue and serum samples than in their respective controls (p< 0.001). Additionally, the diagnostic performance was assessed, Risk determination was found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSION PIWIL mRNAs are overexpressed in HCC tissue and serum samples, the expression patterns could be valuable molecular markers for HCC, due to their association with age, tumour grade and pattern. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to report the expression levels of all PIWIL mRNA and to suggest their remarkable values as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, in addition to their correlation to HCC development. Additionally, a therapeutic opportunity might be also suggested through in silico miRNA prediction for HCC and PIWIL genes through DDX4 and miR-124-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehan Hammad
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences & Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samah Mamdouh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina Mohamed Seoudi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ismail Seleem
- Department of Surgery, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gehan Safwat
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences & Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Rania Hassan Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Kishani Farahani R, Soleimanpour S, Golmohammadi M, Soleimanpour-lichaei HR. PIWIL2 Regulates the Proliferation, Apoptosis and Colony Formation of Colorectal Cancer Cell Line. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 21:e3176. [PMID: 36811102 PMCID: PMC9938935 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2022.307054.3176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Tumor cells proliferation and apoptosis inhibition are the mechanisms through which the Colorectal Cancer (CRC) progression, metastasis and chemoresistance are promoted pathologically, offering clinical advantages for characterizing their molecular regulators. Objectives In this study, to unravel the role of PIWIL2 as a potential CRC oncogenic regulator, we examined the effect of its overexpression on proliferation, apoptosis and colony formation of SW480 colon cancer cell line. Material and Methods Established SW480-P (overexpression of PIWIL2) and SW480-control (SW480-empty vector) cell lines were cultured in DMEM containing 10% FBS with 1% penicillin-streptomycin. The total DNA and RNA was extracted for further experiments. Real-Time PCR and western blotting assay were performed to measure the differential expression of proliferation associated genes including the expression of cell cycle and anti-apoptotic genes as well as Ki-67 and PIWIL2 in both cell lines. Cell proliferation was determined using MTT assay, doubling time assay and the colony formation rate of transfected cells was measured with the 2D colony formation assay. Results At the molecular level, PIWIL2 overexpression was associated with significant up-regulation of cyclin D1, STAT3, BCL2-L1, BCL2-L2 and Ki-67 genes. MTT and doubling time assay showed that PIWIL2 expression induced time-related effects on proliferation rate of SW480 cells. Moreover, SW480-P cells had markedly greater capacity to form colonies. Conclusions PIWIL2 plays important roles to promote cancer cell proliferation and colonization via the cell cycle acceleration and inhibition of apoptosis, the mechanisms through which this gene seems to contribute to CRC development, metastasis and chemoresistance, hence potentially highlighting PIWIL2 targeted therapy as a valuable tool for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Kishani Farahani
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Hamid Reza Soleimanpour-lichaei
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
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6
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Ray SK, Mukherjee S. Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) and Colorectal Carcinoma: Emerging Non-invasive diagnostic Biomarkers with Potential Therapeutic Target Based Clinical Implications. Curr Mol Med 2023; 23:300-311. [PMID: 35068393 DOI: 10.2174/1566524022666220124102616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) constitute new small non-coding RNA molecules of around 24-31 nucleotides in length, mostly performing regulatory roles for the piwi protein family members. In recent times, developing evidence proposes that piRNAs are expressed in a tissue-specific way in various human tissues and act as moderate vital signalling pathways at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level in addition to mammalian germline. Recent findings, however, show that the unusual expression of piRNAs is an exclusive and discrete feature in several diseases, including many human cancers. Recently, considerable evidence indicates that piRNAs could be dysregulated thus playing critical roles in tumorigenesis. The function and underlying mechanisms of piRNAs in cancer, particularly in colorectal carcinoma, are not fully understood to date. Abnormal expression of piRNAs is emerging as a critical player in cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration in vitro and in vivo. Functionally, piRNAs preserve genomic integrity and regulate the expression of downstream target genes through transcriptional or post-transcriptional mechanisms by repressing transposable elements' mobilization. However, little research has been done to check Piwi and piRNAs' potential role in cancer and preserve genome integrity by epigenetically silencing transposons via DNA methylation, especially in germline cancer stem cells. This review reveals emerging insights into piRNA functions in colorectal carcinoma, revealing novel findings behind various piRNA-mediated gene regulation mechanisms, biogenetic piRNA processes, and possible applications of piRNAs and piwi proteins in cancer diagnosis and their potential clinical significance in the treatment of colorectal carcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sukhes Mukherjee
- Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh-462020, India
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Chattopadhyay T, Biswal P, Lalruatfela A, Mallick B. Emerging roles of PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) and PIWI proteins in head and neck cancer and their potential clinical implications. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188772. [PMID: 35931391 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are among the well-known neoplasms originating in the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx. Despite advancements in chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery, the survival rates of the patients are low, which has posed a major therapeutic challenge. A growing number of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), for instance, microRNAs, have been identified whose abnormal expression patterns have been implicated in HNSCC. However, more recently, several seminal research has shown that piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), a promising and young class of small ncRNA, are linked to the emergence and progression of cancer. They can regulate transposable elements (TE) and gene expression through multiple mechanisms, making them potentially more powerful regulators than miRNAs. Hence, they can be more promising ncRNAs candidates for cancer therapeutic intervention. Here, we surveyed the roles and clinical implications of piRNAs and their PIWI proteins partners in tumorigenesis and associated molecular processes of cancer, with a particular focus on HNSCC, to offer a new avenue for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic interventions for the malignancy, improving patient's outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha Chattopadhyay
- RNAi and Functional Genomics Lab., Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Priyajit Biswal
- RNAi and Functional Genomics Lab., Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Anthony Lalruatfela
- RNAi and Functional Genomics Lab., Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Bibekanand Mallick
- RNAi and Functional Genomics Lab., Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India.
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Zhan L, Chen M, Pang T, Li X, Long L, Liang D, Peng L, Sun W, Xu E. Attenuation of Piwil2 induced by hypoxic postconditioning prevents cerebral ischemic injury by inhibiting CREB2 promoter methylation. Brain Pathol 2022; 33:e13109. [PMID: 35794855 PMCID: PMC9836370 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modification contributes to the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia. Piwil2 belongs to the PIWI proteins subfamily and has a key role in the regulation of gene transcription through epigenetics. However, the roles of Piwil2 in cerebral ischemia have not been investigated. In this study, we aim to elucidate the roles and the underlying molecular mechanisms of Piwil2 in ischemic tolerance induced by hypoxic postconditioning (HPC) against transient global cerebral ischemia (tGCI). We found that the expression of Piwil2 in CA1 was downregulated by HPC after tGCI. Silencing Piwil2 with antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (AS-ODN) in CA1 after tGCI decreased the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and exerted neuroprotective effects. Opposite results were observed after overexpression of Piwil2 induced by administration of Piwil2-carried lentivirus. Furthermore, we revealed differentially expressed Piwil2-interacting piRNAs in CA1 between HPC and tGCI groups by RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. Moreover, downregulating Piwil2 induced by HPC or AS-ODN after tGCI caused a marked reduction of DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A), which in turn abolished the tGCI-induced increase in the DNA methylation of cyclic AMP response element-binding 2 (CREB2), thus increasing mRNA and protein of CREB2. Finally, downregulating Piwil2 restored dendritic complexity and length, prevented the loss of dentritic spines, thereby improving cognitive function after tGCI. These data firstly reveal that Piwil2 plays an important part in HPC-mediated neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia through epigenetic regulation of CREB2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixuan Zhan
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of ChinaGuangzhouChina
| | - Meiyan Chen
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of ChinaGuangzhouChina
| | - Taoyan Pang
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of ChinaGuangzhouChina
| | - Xinyu Li
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of ChinaGuangzhouChina
| | - Long Long
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of ChinaGuangzhouChina
| | - Donghai Liang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Rollins School of Public HealthEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Linhui Peng
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of ChinaGuangzhouChina
| | - Weiwen Sun
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of ChinaGuangzhouChina
| | - En Xu
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of ChinaGuangzhouChina
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Tan X, Mi T, Zhang Z, Jin L, Wang Z, Wu X, Wang J, Li M, Zhanghuang C, He D. Multiple transcriptome analysis of Piwil2-induced cancer stem cells, including piRNAs, mRNAs and miRNAs reveals the mechanism of tumorigenesis and development. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:6885-6898. [PMID: 35182325 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07237-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells play important roles in the process of tumorigenesis. Our research group obtained cancer stem cell-like cells named Piwil2-iCSCs by reprogramming human preputial fibroblasts (FBs) with the PIWIL2 gene, but the mechanism of Piwil2-iCSCs is still unclear. METHODS We sequenced the piRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs of Piwil2-iCSCs and FBs, and analyzed the differences. Gene Ontology (GO) and, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were performed on the differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs. In addition, we analyzed the variable shear events and fusion genes in the Piwil2-iCSCs. Target gene prediction and functional enrichment analysis were performed for the DE miRNAs. RESULTS A total of 1119 DE mRNAs, 220 DE piRNAs, and 440 DE miRNAs were obtained between the Piwil2-iCSCs and FBs. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the genes with upregulated expression were mainly involved in DNA repair, mismatch repair, base excision repair, and nucleotide excision repair. Genes with downregulated expression were mainly involved in the TGF-β receptor signaling pathway, senescence and autophagy in cancer. More frequent shear events occurred in Piwil2-iCSCs and FBs, especially in intron retention (IR) events. We also identified three fusion genes MCM3AP-C21orf58, LRRFIP2-CAV3 and TMEM184B-DMC1. Enrichment analysis of DE miRNAs showed that they were associated with apoptosis, the TGF-β signaling pathway, and the stem cell regulatory signaling pathway. In particular, target gene prediction of the top three miRNAs with upregulated expression showed that they targeted SMAD, GREM1 and other genes to participate in the regulation of TGF-β and other pathways. CONCLUSION PIWIL2-induced cancer stem cells have significantly altered levels of miRNAs, piRNAs and mRNAs.TGF-β, autophagy, apoptosis and other pathways may play an important role in stem cell development. The occurrence of alternative splicing and fusion genes may be related to the occurrence of cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Tan
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Mi
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxia Zhang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Jin
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang Wang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinkui Wang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Mujie Li
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenghao Zhanghuang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei He
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China. .,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.
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10
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XIN X, WANG G, HAN R, JIANG Y, LIU C, LIU L, XU Z. Mechanism underlying the effect of Liujunzi decoction on advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer in patients after first-line chemotherapy. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2022; 42:108-115. [PMID: 35294130 PMCID: PMC10164627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To further clarify the anticancer mechanisms of Liujunzi decoction and provide possible targets for the treatment of advanced-stage nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by re-analyzing differential gene expression profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from Liujunzi decoctiontreated NSCLC patients receiving first-line chemotherapy. METHODS The PBMC gene expression microarray data set GSE61926 was retrieved from a high throughput gene expression database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by paired sample t-test and the multiple ratio method. Gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed using the DAVID database. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using interaction gene library retrieval tools and Cytoscape software. RESULTS A total of 162 DEGs were identified, with 67 upregulated genes and 95 downregulated genes. The functional distribution of Gene Oncology (GO) genes showed that DEGs were mostly concentrated in extracellular regions, calcium ion binding, and transcriptase activity. KEGG pathway analysis showed that cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions were significantly enriched. PPI network analysis screened out the top 10 central protein-coding genes with the highest nodal degree: IL2, PIWIL4, DICER1, PIWIL2, SAA1, XCL1, IL22RA1, ARHGAP11A, DCP1A, and GDNF. Among them, the central protein-coding gene with the highest node degree was IL2. In addition, the central protein-coding genes with high node degrees and high molecular complex detection (MCODE) scores were PIWIL4, DICER1, PIWIL2, and DCP1A, all of which are related to tumor development. CONCLUSIONS One signaling pathway and 10 central protein-coding genes related to anticancer mechanisms were screened by re-analysis of GSE61926 data. IL2, PIWIL4, DICER1, PIWIL2, and DCP1A may have important roles in the mechanism of Liujunzi decoction treatment against NSCLC. Our results suggest that the anticancer mechanism of Liujunzi decoction may be related to gene silencing by RNA and the biological processes of piwi-interacting RNA and other small RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli XIN
- 1 Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guodong WANG
- 2 Department of Orthopedics, Longhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 20032, China
| | - Ru HAN
- 1 Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi JIANG
- 1 Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chang LIU
- 1 Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lingshuang LIU
- 1 Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhenye XU
- 1 Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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11
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Mokarram P, Niknam M, Sadeghdoust M, Aligolighasemabadi F, Siri M, Dastghaib S, Brim H, Ashktorab H. PIWI interacting RNAs perspectives: a new avenues in future cancer investigations. Bioengineered 2021; 12:10401-10419. [PMID: 34723746 PMCID: PMC8809986 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1997078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As a currently identified small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) category, the PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are crucial mediators of cell biology. The human genome comprises over 30.000 piRNA genes. Although considered a new field in cancer research, the piRNA pathway is shown by the existing evidence as an active pathway in a variety of different types of cancers with critical impacts on main aspects of cancer progression. Among the regulatory molecules that contribute to maintaining the dynamics of cancer cells, the P-element Induced WImpy testis (PIWI) proteins and piRNAs, as new players, have not been broadly studied so far. Therefore, the identification of cancer-related piRNAs and the assessment of target genes of piRNAs may lead to better cancer prevention and therapy strategies. This review articleaimed to highlight the role and function of piRNAs based on existing data. Understanding the role of piRNA in cancer may provide perspectives on their applications as particular biomarker signature in diagnosis in early stage, prognosis and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooneh Mokarram
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,CONTACT Pooneh Mokarram Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Niknam
- Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammadamin Sadeghdoust
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mashhad Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farnaz Aligolighasemabadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mashhad Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Morvarid Siri
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sanaz Dastghaib
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Brim
- Pathology and Cancer Center, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hassan Ashktorab
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division and Cancer Center, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, Dc, USA
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12
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Zhou S, Yang S, Li F, Hou J, Chang H. P-element Induced WImpy protein-like RNA-mediated gene silencing 2 regulates tumor cell progression, apoptosis, and metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211053158. [PMID: 34738477 PMCID: PMC8573518 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211053158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective P-element Induced WImpy protein-like RNA-mediated gene silencing 2 (PIWIL2) is a reported oncogene strongly associated with tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, the potential function of PIWIL2 in oral cancer is still largely unclear. Methods In this study, we investigated the clinical significance of PIWIL2 expression in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines and tissues. We also examined its function in OSCC pathogenesis by knocking down PIWIL2 expression with short hairpin RNAs, followed by phenotypic experiments focused on cell migration, invasion, proliferation, and apoptosis rates. Results We found that PIWIL2 was overexpressed in OSCC cell lines and tissues and significantly correlated with the malignancy stage. Furthermore, knockdown of PIWIL2 in a human OSCC cell line Tca8113 induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Silencing PIWIL2 expression also significantly suppressed the migration and invasion abilities of Tca8113 cells. Conclusions Collectively, our results suggest a functional role of PIWIL2 in regulating OSCC pathogenesis. Our data imply that PIWIL2 could serve as a potential therapeutic target for OSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Song Yang
- Department of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Jingying Hou
- Department of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Hong Chang
- Department of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
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13
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Zhang Y, de Boer M, van der Wel EJ, Van Eck M, Hoekstra M. PRMT4 inhibitor TP-064 inhibits the pro-inflammatory macrophage lipopolysaccharide response in vitro and ex vivo and induces peritonitis-associated neutrophilia in vivo. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166212. [PMID: 34311083 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Previous in vitro studies have shown that protein arginine N-methyltransferase 4 (PRMT4) is a co-activator for an array of cellular activities, including NF-κB-regulated pro-inflammatory responses. Here we investigated the effect of PRMT4 inhibitor TP-064 treatment on macrophage inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Exposure of RAW 264.7 monocyte/macrophages to TP-064 was associated with a significant decrease in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines upon a lipopolysaccharide challenge. Similarly, thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal cells isolated from wildtype mice treated with TP-064 showed lowered mRNA expression levels and cytokine production of pro-inflammatory mediators interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-12p40, and tumor necrosis factor-α in response to lipopolysaccharide exposure. However, TP-064-treated mice exhibited an ongoing pro-inflammatory peritonitis after 5 days of thioglycollate exposure, as evident from a shift in the peritoneal macrophage polarization state from an anti-inflammatory LY6ClowCD206hi to a pro-inflammatory LY6ChiCD206low phenotype. In addition, TP-064-treated mice accumulated (activated) neutrophils within the peritoneum as well as in the blood (7-fold higher; P < 0.001) and major organs such as kidney and liver, without apparent tissue toxicity. TP-064 treatment downregulated hepatic mRNA expression levels of the PRMT4 target genes glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit (-50%, P < 0.05) and the cyclin-dependent kinases 2 (-50%, P < 0.05) and 4 (-30%, P < 0.05), suggesting a direct transcriptional effect of PRMT4 also in hepatocytes. In conclusion, we have shown that the PRMT4 inhibitor TP-064 induces peritonitis-associated neutrophilia in vivo and inhibits the pro-inflammatory macrophage lipopolysaccharide response in vitro and ex vivo. Our findings suggest that TP-064 can possibly be applied as therapy in NF-κB-based inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiheng Zhang
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Miriam de Boer
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ezra J van der Wel
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Miranda Van Eck
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Menno Hoekstra
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Chavda V, Madhwani K, Chaurasia B. PiWi RNA in Neurodevelopment and Neurodegenerative disorders. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:517-531. [PMID: 34212832 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666210629164535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Shedding light on the mysterious dark matter of the genome gears up the knowledge of modern biology. Beyond the genome, epigenome layers an untraveled path of fundamental biological and functional roles of gene regulation. Extraordinary character- P element wimpy testis-induced (PiWi)-interacting RNA (piRNA) is a type of small non-coding RNA that serves as a defender that imposes genomic and cellular defense by silencing nucleic and structural invaders. PIWI proteins and piRNAs appear in both reproductive and somatic cells, though germ line richness is partially unraveled more as it was originally discovered. The foremost function is to suppress invasive DNA sequences, which move within genomic DNA referred to as transposon elements (TEs) and downstream target genes via Transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) and Post-translational gene silencing (PTGS). Germline piRNAs maintain genomic integrity, stability, sternness, and impact imprinting expression. Somatic tissue-specific piRNAs have been surprised by their novel roles. piRNA regulates neurodevelopmental processes in metazoans, including humans. Neural heterogeneity, neurogenesis, neural plasticity, and transgenerational inheritance of adaptive and long-term memory are governed by the PIWI pathway. Neuro-developmental, neurodegenerative or psychiatric illness are the outcome of dysregulated piRNA. Aberrant piRNA signature causes inappropriate switching on or off genes by activation of TEs, incorrect epigenetic tags on DNA, and or histones. Defective piRNA regulation leads to abnormal brain development and neurodegenerative etiology, promoting life-threatening disorders. Exemplification of exciting roles of piRNA is in infancy, so future investigation may expand on these observations using innovative techniques and launch them as impending biomarkers for diagnostics and therapeutics. In this current review, we have summarized the possible gene molecular role of piRNAs regulating neurobiology and contributing as uncharted biomarkers and therapeutic targets for life-threatening diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Chavda
- Department of Pharmacology, Nirma University, Ahmadabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Kajal Madhwani
- Department of Microbiology, Nirma University, Ahmadabad, Gujarat, India
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15
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Huang H, Yu X, Han X, Hao J, Zhao J, Bebek G, Bao S, Prayson RA, Khalil AM, Jankowsky E, Yu JS. Piwil1 Regulates Glioma Stem Cell Maintenance and Glioblastoma Progression. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108522. [PMID: 33406417 PMCID: PMC7837390 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Piwi proteins are a subfamily of Argonaute proteins that maintain germ cells in eukaryotes. However, the role of their human homologs in cancer stem cells, and more broadly in cancer, is poorly understood. Here, we report that Piwi-like family members are overexpressed in glioblastoma (GBM), with Piwil1 (Hiwi) most frequently overexpressed (88%). Piwil1 is enriched in glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) to maintain self-renewal. Silencing Piwil1 in GSCs leads to global changes in gene expression resulting in cell-cycle arrest, senescence, or apoptosis. Piwil1 knockdown increases expression of the transcriptional co-regulator BTG2 and the E3-ubiquitin ligase FBXW7, leading to reduced c-Myc expression, as well as loss of expression of stem cell factors Olig2 and Nestin. Piwil1 regulates mRNA stability of BTG2, FBXW7, and CDKN1B. In animal models of GBM, Piwil1 knockdown suppresses tumor growth and promotes mouse survival. These findings support a role of Piwil1 in GSC maintenance and glioblastoma progression. Huang et al. find that Piwil1 protein is overexpressed in glioblastoma and glioma stem cells (GSCs). Piwil1 maintains GSC self-renewal and survival by regulating gene expression. Targeting Piwil1 extends survival in mouse models of glioblastoma. Piwil1 represents a therapeutic vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE60, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Xingjiang Yu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE60, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Xiangzi Han
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE60, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jing Hao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE60, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE60, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Gurkan Bebek
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, BRB 921, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Shideng Bao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE60, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Richard A Prayson
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, The Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ahmad M Khalil
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Eckhard Jankowsky
- Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Wood Bldg. 137, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jennifer S Yu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE60, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, CA50, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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16
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Lee E, Lokman NA, Oehler MK, Ricciardelli C, Grutzner F. A Comprehensive Molecular and Clinical Analysis of the piRNA Pathway Genes in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010004. [PMID: 33374923 PMCID: PMC7792616 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most lethal gynecological cancers, its development and progression remain poorly understood. The piRNA pathway is important for transposon defense and genome stability. piRNA maturation and function involve a number of genes known as the piRNA pathway genes. These genes have recently been implicated in cancer development and progression but information about their role in OC is limited. Our work aimed to provide a better understanding of the roles of piRNA pathway genes in OC. Through analyzing changes in the abundance of 10 piRNA pathway genes, we discovered gene expression differences in benign vs. cancer, chemosensitive vs. chemoresistant and post hormone treatment in OC samples and cells. Furthermore, we observed the differential effects of these genes on patient survival and OC cell invasion. Overall, this work supports a role of the piRNA pathway genes in OC progression and encourages further study of their clinical relevance. Abstract Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most lethal gynecological malignancies, yet molecular mechanisms underlying its origin and progression remain poorly understood. With increasing reports of piRNA pathway deregulation in various cancers, we aimed to better understand its role in OC through a comprehensive analysis of key genes: PIWIL1-4, DDX4, HENMT1, MAEL, PLD6, TDRD1,9 and mutants of PIWIL1 (P1∆17) and PIWIL2 (PL2L60). High-throughput qRT-PCR (n = 45) and CSIOVDB (n = 3431) showed differential gene expression when comparing benign ovarian tumors, low grade OC and high grade serous OC (HGSOC). Significant correlation of disparate piRNA pathway gene expression levels with better progression free, post-progression free and overall survival suggests a complex role of this pathway in OC. We discovered PIWIL3 expression in chemosensitive but not chemoresistant primary HGSOC cells, providing a potential target against chemoresistant disease. As a first, we revealed that follicle stimulating hormone increased PIWIL2 expression in OV-90 cells. PIWIL1, P1∆17, PIWIL2, PL2L60 and MAEL overexpression in vitro and in vivo decreased motility and invasion of OVCAR-3 and OV-90 cells. Interestingly, P1∆17 and PL2L60, induced increased motility and invasion compared to PIWIL1 and PIWIL2. Our results in HGSOC highlight the intricate role piRNA pathway genes play in the development of malignant neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Lee
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Noor A. Lokman
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (N.A.L.); (M.K.O.)
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Martin K. Oehler
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (N.A.L.); (M.K.O.)
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Carmela Ricciardelli
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (N.A.L.); (M.K.O.)
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (F.G.); Tel.: +61-8-8313-8255 (C.R.); +61-8-8313-4812 (F.G.)
| | - Frank Grutzner
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (F.G.); Tel.: +61-8-8313-8255 (C.R.); +61-8-8313-4812 (F.G.)
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17
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Biopathological Significance of PIWI-piRNA Pathway Deregulation in Invasive Breast Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102833. [PMID: 33008024 PMCID: PMC7600338 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The PIWI-piRNA ribonucleoproteic complexes are pivotal regulators of genome integrity, differentiation and homeostasis and their dysregulation has recently been implicated in carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to analyze the four PIWILs gene expression in invasive breast carcinomas (IBC) at RNA level using quantitative RT-PCR and protein level using immunohistochemistry. In normal breast tissue, PIWILs 2 and 4 were solely expressed, whereas an abnormal emergence of PIWIL1 and 3 was observed in respectively 30% and 6% of IBCs. Conversely, PIWIL2 was underexpressed in 48.3% and PIWIL4 downregulated in 43.3% of IBCs. Similar patterns of PIWIL deregulation were observed in a multitumoral panel, suggesting a generic mechanism in most cancers. PIWIL2 underexpression was significantly associated with DNA methylation and strong cytotoxic immune response. Characterization of the newly recognized PIWIL-piRNA pathway in IBCs opens interesting therapeutic perspectives using piRNAs, hypomethylating drugs, checkpoints immunotherapies and anti-PIWIL 1–3 antibodies. Abstract The PIWI proteins emerging in the development of human cancers, edify PIWI-piRNA ribonucleoproteic complexes acting as pivotal regulators of genome integrity, differentiation and homeostasis. The aim of this study is to analyze the four PIWILs gene expression in invasive breast carcinomas (IBCs): at RNA level using quantitative RT-PCR (n = 526) and protein level using immunohistochemistry (n = 150). In normal breast tissue, PIWILs 2 and 4 were solely expressed, whereas an abnormal emergence of PIWIL1 and 3 was observed in respectively 30% and 6% of IBCs. Conversely, PIWIL2 was underexpressed in 48.3% and PIWIL4 downregulated in 43.3% of IBCs. Significant positive associations were observed between PIWIL4 underexpression, HR+ status and HR+ ERBB2+ molecular subtype and PIWIL2 underexpression, PR- status, ERBB2- status and molecular subtype. Similar patterns of PIWIL deregulation were observed in a multitumoral panel, suggesting a generic mechanism in most cancers. PIWIL2-4 underexpression was mainly regulated at epigenetic or post-transcriptional levels. PIWIL2 underexpression was significantly associated with DNA methylation and strong cytotoxic immune response. PIWIL2-4 were mainly associated with genes implicated in cell proliferation. As a result of this study, characterization of the PIWIL-piRNA pathway in IBCs opens interesting therapeutic perspectives using piRNAs, hypomethylating drugs, checkpoints immunotherapies and anti-PIWIL 1–3 antibodies.
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Halajzadeh J, Dana PM, Asemi Z, Mansournia MA, Yousefi B. An insight into the roles of piRNAs and PIWI proteins in the diagnosis and pathogenesis of oral, esophageal, and gastric cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153112. [PMID: 32853949 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
P-Element induced wimpy testis (PIWI)-interacting RNA (piRNA) is a member of the non-coding RNAs family. Four PIWI proteins are found to be expressed in humans. The number of studies focusing on the roles of piRNAs and PIWI proteins in the field of cancer is increasing. Oral, esophageal, and gastric cancers are considered as important causes of death. PIWI proteins and piRNAs are suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Thus, studying these molecules may be beneficial for finding new therapeutics. Since it is shown that currently used biomarkers for these cancers have low sensitivity and specificity, there is a necessity for identifying novel non-invasive biomarkers which are highly sensitive and specific. This paper will provide an insight into current knowledge about the functions of PIWI proteins and piRNAs in the oral, esophageal, and gastric cancer. We discuss how PIWI proteins and piRNAs can be involved in the pathogenesis of these cancers. Moreover, we review the studies concerning with the roles of PIWI proteins and piRNAs as biomarkers which are used for diagnostic and prognostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Halajzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Research Center for Evidence-Based Health Management, Maragheh University of Medical Science, Maragheh, Iran.
| | - Parisa Maleki Dana
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR, Iran.
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Mentis AFA, Dardiotis E, Romas NA, Papavassiliou AG. PIWI family proteins as prognostic markers in cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2289-2314. [PMID: 31814070 PMCID: PMC11104808 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03403-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND P-element-induced-wimpy-testis-(PIWI)-like proteins are implicated in germ cells' regulation and detected in numerous cancer types. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to associate, for the first time, the prognosis in cancer patients with intratumoral expression of PIWI family proteins. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Web of Knowledge databases were searched, and studies investigating the association between intratumoral mRNA or protein expression of different PIWI family proteins and survival, metastasis, or recurrence of various cancer types were reviewed. Study qualities were assessed using the REMARK criteria. Studies' heterogeneity was evaluated using I2 index and Cochran Q test. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plots and Egger's regression. Pooled hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated for different PIWI family proteins separately. Specifically, log of calculated HR was pooled using random-effects model. RESULTS Twenty-six studies (4299 participants) were included. The pooled HR of mortality in high versus low expression of PIWIL1, PIWIL2, and PIWIL4 was 1.87 (95% CI: 1.31-2.66, p < 0.05), 1.09 (95% CI: 0.58-2.07, p = 0.79), and 0.44 (95% CI: 0.25-0.76, p < 0.05), respectively. The pooled HR of recurrence in high versus low expression of PIWIL1 and PIWIL2 was 1.72 (95% CI: 1.20-2.49, p < 0.05) and 1.98 (95% CI: 0.65-5.98, p = 0.23), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Highly variable results were observed for different cancer types. Higher PIWIL1 and lower piwil4 and PIWIL4 expression levels could potentially indicate worse prognosis in cancer. These proteins' expressions could be used for personalized prognosis and treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexios-Fotios A Mentis
- Public Health Laboratories, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Nicholas A Romas
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Medical Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, USA
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 M. Asias Street - Bldg. 16, 11527, Athens, Greece.
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Roy R, Pattnaik S, Sivagurunathan S, Chidambaram S. Small ncRNA binding protein, PIWI: A potential molecular bridge between blood brain barrier and neuropathological conditions. Med Hypotheses 2020; 138:109609. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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21
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Li G, Ni A, Tang Y, Li S, Meng L. RNA binding proteins involved in regulation of protein synthesis to initiate biogenesis of secondary tumor in hepatocellular carcinoma in mice. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8680. [PMID: 32219019 PMCID: PMC7087493 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The tumor microenvironment (TM) in close contact with cancer cells is highly related to tumor growth and cancer metastasis. This study is to explore the biogenesis mechanism of a secondary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on the function of RNA binding proteins (RBPs)-encoding genes in the physiological microenvironment (PM). Methods The healthy and HCC mice were used to isolate the PM, pre-tumor microenvironment (PTM), and TM. The samples were analyzed using the technology of RNA-seq and bioinformatics. The differentially expressed RBPs-encoding genes (DERs) and differentially expressed DERs-associated genes (DEDs) were screened to undergo GO and KEGG analysis. Results 18 DERs and DEDs were identified in the PTM vs. PM, 87 in the TM vs. PTM, and 87 in the TM vs. PM. Those DERs and DEDs participated in the regulation of gene expression at the levels of chromatin conformation, gene activation and silencing, splicing and degradation of mRNA, biogenesis of piRNA and miRNA, ribosome assemble, and translation of proteins. Conclusion The genes encoding RBPs and the relevant genes are involved in the transformation from PM to PTM, then constructing the TM by regulating protein synthesis. This regulation included whole process of biological genetic information transmission from chromatin conformation to gene activation and silencing to mRNA splicing to ribosome assemble to translation of proteins and degradation of mRNA. The abnormality of those functions in the organic microenvironments promoted the metastasis of HCC and initiated the biogenesis of a secondary HCC in a PM when the PM encountered the invasion of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genliang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Anni Ni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Yulian Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Shubo Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Lingzhang Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
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Fonseca Cabral G, Azevedo dos Santos Pinheiro J, Vidal AF, Santos S, Ribeiro-dos-Santos Â. piRNAs in Gastric Cancer: A New Approach Towards Translational Research. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062126. [PMID: 32204558 PMCID: PMC7139476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gastric cancer is currently the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, usually diagnosed at late stages. The development of new biomarkers to improve its prevention and patient management is critical for disease control. piRNAs are small regulatory RNAs important for gene silencing mechanisms, mainly associated with the silencing of transposable elements. piRNA pathways may also be involved in gene regulation and the deregulation of piRNAs may be an important factor in carcinogenic processes. Thus, several studies suggest piRNAs as potential cancer biomarkers. Translational studies suggest that piRNAs may regulate key genes and pathways associated with gastric cancer progression, though there is no functional annotation in piRNA databases. The impacts of genetic variants in piRNA genes and their influence in gastric cancer development remains elusive, highlighting the gap in piRNA regulatory mechanisms knowledge. Here, we discuss the current state of understanding of piRNA-mediated regulation and piRNA functions and suggest that genetic alterations in piRNA genes may affect their functionality, thus, it may be associated with gastric carcinogenesis. Conclusions: In the era of precision medicine, investigations about genetic and epigenetic mechanisms are essential to further comprehend gastric carcinogenesis and the role of piRNAs as potential biomarkers for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleyce Fonseca Cabral
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.075-110, PA, Brazil; (G.F.C.); (J.A.d.S.P.); (A.F.V.); (S.S.)
| | - Jhully Azevedo dos Santos Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.075-110, PA, Brazil; (G.F.C.); (J.A.d.S.P.); (A.F.V.); (S.S.)
| | - Amanda Ferreira Vidal
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.075-110, PA, Brazil; (G.F.C.); (J.A.d.S.P.); (A.F.V.); (S.S.)
| | - Sidney Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.075-110, PA, Brazil; (G.F.C.); (J.A.d.S.P.); (A.F.V.); (S.S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduacão em Oncologia e Ciências Médicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.073-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Ândrea Ribeiro-dos-Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.075-110, PA, Brazil; (G.F.C.); (J.A.d.S.P.); (A.F.V.); (S.S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduacão em Oncologia e Ciências Médicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.073-000, PA, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-091-3201-7843
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Pammer J, Rossiter H, Bilban M, Eckhart L, Buchberger M, Monschein L, Mildner M. PIWIL-2 and piRNAs are regularly expressed in epithelia of the skin and their expression is related to differentiation. Arch Dermatol Res 2020; 312:705-714. [PMID: 32166374 PMCID: PMC7548280 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-020-02052-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PIWI proteins play multiple roles in germline stem cell maintenance and self-renewal. PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) associate with PIWI proteins, form effector complexes and maintain genome integrity and function in the regulation of gene expression by epigenetic modifications. Both are involved in cancer development. In this study, we investigated the expression of PIWIL-2 and piRNAs in normal human skin and epithelial tumors and its regulation during keratinocyte (KC) differentiation. Immunohistochemistry showed that PIWIL-2 was regularly expressed in the epidermis and adnexal tissue with strongest expression in sebaceous glands. Cell culture studies revealed an association of PIWIL-2 expression with the state of differentiated KC. In contrast, the PIWIL-2 expression pattern did not correlate with stem cell compartments or malignancy. piRNAs were consistently detected in KC in vitro by next-generation sequencing and the expression levels of numerous piRNAs were regulated during KC differentiation. Epidermal piRNAs were predominantly derived from processed snoRNAs (C/D-box snoRNAs), tRNAs and protein coding genes. Our data indicate that components of the PIWIL-2-piRNA pathway are present in epithelial cells of the skin and are regulated in the context of KC differentiation, suggesting a role of somatic gene regulation. However, putative roles in the maintenance of stem cell compartments or the development of malignancy in the skin were not supported by this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Pammer
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Heidi Rossiter
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Bilban
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Core Facility Genomics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leopold Eckhart
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Buchberger
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Monschein
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Mildner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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24
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Fathizadeh H, Asemi Z. Epigenetic roles of PIWI proteins and piRNAs in lung cancer. Cell Biosci 2019; 9:102. [PMID: 31890151 PMCID: PMC6925842 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-019-0368-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of very important malignancies which are related to high mobility and mortality in the world. Despite several efforts for improving diagnosis and treatment strategies of lung cancer, finding and developing new and effective therapeutic and diagnostic are needed. A variety of internal and external factors could be involved in lung cancer pathogenesis. Among internal factors, epigenetic mechanisms have been emerged as very important players in the lung cancer. Non-coding RNAs is known as one of epigenetic regulators which exert their effects on a sequence of cellular and molecular mechanisms. P-element induced wimpy testis (PIWI)-interacting RNAs (piRNAs or piR) is one of small non-coding RNAs that the deregulation of these molecules is associated with initiation and progression of different cancers such as lung cancer. Several activities are related to PIWI/piRNA pathway such as suppression of transposons and mobile genetic elements. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated the upregulation or downregulation of PIWI proteins and piRNAs could lead to the increasing of cell proliferation, apoptosis reduction and promoting tumor growth in the lung cancer. Hence, PIWI proteins and piRNA could be introduced as new diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers in the lung cancer therapy. Herein, we have focused on PIWI proteins and piRNA functions and their impact on the progression of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Fathizadeh
- 1Department of Microbiology, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- 2Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Cheng Y, Wang Q, Jiang W, Bian Y, zhou Y, Gou A, Zhang W, Fu K, Shi W. Emerging roles of piRNAs in cancer: challenges and prospects. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:9932-9946. [PMID: 31727866 PMCID: PMC6874451 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
PiRNAs are a small class of non-coding small RNAs newly discovered in recent years. Millions of piRNAs have been discovered to date, and more than 20,000 piRNA genes have been found in the human genome. Due to the relatively small number of studies related to piRNA, our understanding of piRNAs is very limited. Currently, the clear biological function of piRNAs is transposon mobilization inhibition by promoting transcript degradation and regulating chromatin formation. In addition, piRNAs can form piRNA-PIWI protein complexes with some members of the PIWI branch of the Argonaute protein. Based on these biological functions, piRNAs and PIWI proteins are important in maintaining the genomic integrity of germline cells. Because of this, the popularity of piRNAs research has been focused on its role in germline cells for a long time after the discovery of piRNAs. As the field of research expands, there is growing evidence that piRNAs and PIWI proteins are abnormally expressed in various types of cancers, which may be potential cancer biomarkers and cancer therapeutic targets. In this review, we will focus on the relationship between piRNAs and PIWI proteins and cancers based on previous research, as well as their significance in cancer detection, grading and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Cheng
- Jiangsu Research Center for Primary Health Development and General Practice Education, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, China
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yonghua Bian
- Jiangsu Research Center for Primary Health Development and General Practice Education, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, China
| | - Yang zhou
- Jiangsu Research Center for Primary Health Development and General Practice Education, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, China
| | - Anxing Gou
- Jiangsu Research Center for Primary Health Development and General Practice Education, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, China
| | - Wenling Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weihong Shi
- Jiangsu Research Center for Primary Health Development and General Practice Education, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, China
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26
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Liu Y, Dou M, Song X, Dong Y, Liu S, Liu H, Tao J, Li W, Yin X, Xu W. The emerging role of the piRNA/piwi complex in cancer. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:123. [PMID: 31399034 PMCID: PMC6688334 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1052-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Piwi interacting RNAs (piRNAs) constitute novel small non-coding RNA molecules of approximately 24-31 nucleotides in length that often bind to members of the piwi protein family to play regulatory roles. Recently, emerging evidence suggests that in addition to the mammalian germline, piRNAs are also expressed in a tissue-specific manner in a variety of human tissues and modulate key signaling pathways at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level. In addition, a growing number of studies have shown that piRNA and PIWI proteins, which are abnormally expressed in various cancers, may serve as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for tumor diagnostics and treatment. However, the functions of piRNAs in cancer and their underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In this review, we discuss current findings regarding piRNA biogenetic processes, functions, and emerging roles in cancer, providing new insights regarding the potential applications of piRNAs and piwi proteins in cancer diagnosis and clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Liu
- Department of Inspection, The medical faculty of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Mei Dou
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xuxia Song
- The Laboratory of Biomedical Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yanhan Dong
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Si Liu
- Department of Inspection, The medical faculty of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Haoran Liu
- Department of Inspection, The medical faculty of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jiaping Tao
- Department of Inspection, The medical faculty of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Inspection, The medical faculty of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xunhua Yin
- Department of Inspection, The medical faculty of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Wenhua Xu
- Department of Inspection, The medical faculty of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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Hu B, Deng T, Ma H, Liu Y, Feng P, Wei D, Ling N, Li L, Qiu S, Zhang L, Peng B, Liu J, Ye M. Deubiquitinase DUB3 Regulates Cell Cycle Progression via Stabilizing Cyclin A for Proliferation of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040297. [PMID: 30935108 PMCID: PMC6523561 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The deubiquitinase DUB3 is frequently overexpressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and contributes to its malignant phenotype. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of DUB3 in NSCLC is largely unknown. In this study, we report that DUB3 regulates cell cycle progression by deubiquitinating cyclin A that links to proliferation of NSCLC cells. We found that knockdown of DUB3 decreases cyclin A levels, whereas overexpression of DUB3 strongly increases cyclin A levels. Mechanistically, DUB3 interacts with cyclin A, which removes the polyubiquitin chains conjugated onto cyclin A and stabilizes the cyclin A protein. Furthermore, we demonstrate that DUB3 regulates cell cycle progression by stabilizing cyclin A, because ablation of DUB3 arrests cell cycle from G0/G1 to S phase and the resulting effect can be rescued by introducing cyclin A into NSCLC cells. Functionally, we found that the effect of DUB3 on cyclin A mediates proliferation of NSCLC cells. Moreover, a significant correlation between DUB3 abundance and cyclin A expression levels were also found in NSCLC samples. Taken together, these results reveal that DUB3 functions as a novel cyclin A regulator through maintaining cyclin A stability, and that the DUB3-cyclin A signaling axis plays a critical role in cell cycle progression for proliferation of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Tanggang Deng
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Hongchang Ma
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Peifu Feng
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Dong Wei
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Neng Ling
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Ling Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Siyuan Qiu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Lin Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Bo Peng
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Mao Ye
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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28
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Weng W, Li H, Goel A. Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) and cancer: Emerging biological concepts and potential clinical implications. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1871:160-169. [PMID: 30599187 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a very recently discovered class of small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), with approximately 20,000 piRNA genes already identified within the human genome. These short RNAs were originally described as key functional regulators for the germline maintenance and transposon silencing. However, due to our limited knowledge regarding their function, piRNAs were for a long time assumed to be the "dark matter" of ncRNAs in our genome. However, recent evidence has now changed our viewpoint of their biological and clinical significance in various diseases, as newly emerging data reveals that aberrant expression of piRNAs is a unique and distinct feature in many diseases, including multiple human cancers. Furthermore, their altered expression in cancer patients has been significantly associated with clinical outcomes, highlighting their important biological functional role in disease progression. Functionally, piRNAs maintain genomic integrity by silencing transposable elements, and are capable of regulating the expression of specific downstream target genes in a post-transcriptional manner. Moreover, accumulating evidences demonstrates that analogous to other small ncRNAs (e.g. miRNAs) piRNAs have both oncogenic and tumor suppressive roles in cancer development. In this article, we discuss emerging insights into roles of piRNAs in a variety of cancers, reveal new findings underpinning various mechanisms of piRNAs-mediated gene regulation, and highlight their potential clinical significance in the management of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Weng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, China; Center for Translational Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Hanhua Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute and Charles A Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor Research Institute and Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75246-2017, USA.
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29
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Han L, Wang JN, Cao XQ, Sun CX, Du X. An-te-xiao capsule inhibits tumor growth in non-small cell lung cancer by targeting angiogenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:941-951. [PMID: 30372906 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An-te-xiao capsule consists of total alkaloids from the dried whole plantof Solanum lyratum, and showed antitumor effects in our previous study. However, its inhibitory effect on multiple non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and the underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated clearly. This study sought to investigate the inhibitory effects of An-te-xiao capsule on three main types of NSCLC cell lines (A549, NCI-H460, and NCI-H520) in vitro and in vivo and the underlying mechanisms of action including its potential anti-angiogenesis effects. An-te-xiao capsule showed no acute oral toxicity in mice, and significantly prolonged survival time in a mouse model of Lewis tumor xenograft. The inhibition of A549, NCI-H460, and NCI-H520 cells by An-te-xiao capsule was reflected in its effects on tumor growth, histopathological changes, tumor microvessel density (MVD), cell cycle regulatory proteins, and cell apoptosis. In vitro, An-te-xiao capsule repressed migration, invasion, and tube formation of tumor-derived vascular endothelial cells (Td-ECs), which were obtained using a co-culture system, in the presence or absence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) at safe concentrations selected using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Moreover, An-te-xiao capsule inhibited the secretion of VEGF by A549 cells in the co-culture system and suppressed the phosphorylation of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2). Taken together, An-te-xiao capsule has potential for treating NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Han
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Haidian, Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Nong Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Haidian, Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Qiang Cao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Haidian, Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Xia Sun
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Haidian, Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Du
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Haidian, Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China
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30
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Hu W, Bi ZY, Chen ZL, Liu C, Li LL, Zhang F, Zhou Q, Zhu W, Song YYY, Zhan BT, Zhang Q, Bi YY, Sun CC, Li DJ. Emerging landscape of circular RNAs in lung cancer. Cancer Lett 2018; 427:18-27. [PMID: 29653267 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, is characterized with malignant cell growth. Advances in next-generation sequencing has helped us further understand RNA and identify novel circular RNAs (circRNAs) that may be useful in the early diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. Similar to other noncoding RNAs, circRNAs present diverse biological functions in normal and disease states, including various types of cancers. This review focuses mainly on the poorly understood functions of circRNA in lung cancer. This paper also summarizes the recent advances in circRNA biogenesis, analyzes the role of circRNAs in cancers, and discusses the potential mechanisms of circRNAs in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Zhuo-Yue Bi
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology (Hubei Provincial Academy for Preventive Medicine), Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
| | - Zhen-Long Chen
- Wuhan Hospital for the Prevention and Treatment of Occupational Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, 430015, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Lin-Lin Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Qun Zhou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Yang-Yi-Yan Song
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Bo-Tao Zhan
- Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, 441021, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430014, China
| | - Yong-Yi Bi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Cheng-Cao Sun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - De-Jia Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China.
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Sonea L, Buse M, Gulei D, Onaciu A, Simon I, Braicu C, Berindan-Neagoe I. Decoding the Emerging Patterns Exhibited in Non-coding RNAs Characteristic of Lung Cancer with Regard to their Clinical Significance. Curr Genomics 2018; 19:258-278. [PMID: 29755289 PMCID: PMC5930448 DOI: 10.2174/1389202918666171005100124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer continues to be the leading topic concerning global mortality rate caused by can-cer; it needs to be further investigated to reduce these dramatic unfavorable statistic data. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been shown to be important cellular regulatory factors and the alteration of their expression levels has become correlated to extensive number of pathologies. Specifically, their expres-sion profiles are correlated with development and progression of lung cancer, generating great interest for further investigation. This review focuses on the complex role of non-coding RNAs, namely miR-NAs, piwi-interacting RNAs, small nucleolar RNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs in the process of developing novel biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic factors that can then be utilized for personalized therapies toward this devastating disease. To support the concept of personalized medi-cine, we will focus on the roles of miRNAs in lung cancer tumorigenesis, their use as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and their application for patient therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sonea
- MEDFUTURE - Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihail Buse
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Gulei
- MEDFUTURE - Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Onaciu
- MEDFUTURE - Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioan Simon
- Surgery Department IV, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Surgery Department, Romanian Railway (CF) University Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- MEDFUTURE - Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta" The Oncology Institute, Republicii Street, No. 34-36, 401015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Erdogdu IH, Yumrutas O, Ozgur Cevik M, Bozgeyik I, Erdogdu M, Inan HM, Bagis H. Differential expression of PIWIL2 in papillary thyroid cancers. Gene 2018; 649:8-13. [PMID: 29369786 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common type of endocrine malignancy and a leading cause of death among endocrine organ-related cancers. Similar to other types of cancers, early diagnosis of thyroid cancer is important to increase the survival and treatment of this disease. Several immunohistochemical markers are used in the differential diagnosis of thyroid papillary carcinoma. Also, increasing evidence indicates that P-element induced wimpy testis like 2 (PIWIL2) is an RNA-binding protein involved in the induction and progression of numerous types of human malignancies such as lung, breast, colon, prostate and cervix cancers. However, the role of PIWIL2 was poorly investigated in thyroid cancers. Accordingly, aim of the present study was to elucidate the relationship between PIWIL2 and thyroid cancers. The expression level of PIWIL2 was determined by analyzing both protein and mRNA levels in papillary and micropapillary carcinoma tissues by using immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR methods, respectively. Immunohistochemical analysis of HBME-1, galectin-3 and CK-19 was also performed. Similar to other immune markers of HBME-1, galectin-3 and CK-19, protein expression levels of PIWIL2 was significantly up-regulated in both papillary and micropapillary thyroid cancers (p < 0.01). Moreover, consistent with protein expression levels, mRNA expression levels of PIWIL2 was elevated in both papillary and micropapillary thyroid cancer tissues. Yet, mRNA expression changes were statistically insignificant. In conclusion, results of the current study suggest that PIWIL2 can be involved in thyroid cancer tumorigenesis and can be used as a novel predictive biomarker and/or therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Halil Erdogdu
- Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Onder Yumrutas
- Adiyaman University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - M Ozgur Cevik
- Adiyaman University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Bozgeyik
- Adiyaman University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Miyase Erdogdu
- Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Hacı Mehmet Inan
- Atatürk Education and Training Hospital, Pathology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Haydar Bagis
- Adiyaman University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Adiyaman, Turkey.
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NSD1 inactivation defines an immune cold, DNA hypomethylated subtype in squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17064. [PMID: 29213088 PMCID: PMC5719078 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17298-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin modifying enzymes are frequently mutated in cancer, resulting in widespread epigenetic deregulation. Recent reports indicate that inactivating mutations in the histone methyltransferase NSD1 define an intrinsic subtype of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) that features pronounced DNA hypomethylation. Here, we describe a similar hypomethylated subtype of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) that is enriched for both inactivating mutations and deletions in NSD1. The ‘NSD1 subtypes’ of HNSC and LUSC are highly correlated at the DNA methylation and gene expression levels, featuring ectopic expression of developmental transcription factors and genes that are also hypomethylated in Sotos syndrome, a congenital disorder caused by germline NSD1 mutations. Further, the NSD1 subtype of HNSC displays an ‘immune cold’ phenotype characterized by low infiltration of tumor-associated leukocytes, particularly macrophages and CD8+ T cells, as well as low expression of genes encoding the immunotherapy target PD-1 immune checkpoint receptor and its ligands. Using an in vivo model, we demonstrate that NSD1 inactivation results in reduced T cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment, implicating NSD1 as a tumor cell-intrinsic driver of an immune cold phenotype. NSD1 inactivation therefore causes epigenetic deregulation across cancer sites, and has implications for immunotherapy.
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34
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PIWI family emerging as a decisive factor of cell fate: An overview. Eur J Cell Biol 2017; 96:746-757. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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35
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Li H, Yang D, Ning S, Xu Y, Yang F, Yin R, Feng T, Han S, Guo L, Zhang P, Qu W, Guo R, Song C, Xiao P, Zhou C, Xu Z, Sun J, Yu X. Switching of the substrate specificity of protein tyrosine phosphatase N12 by cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 phosphorylation orchestrating 2 oncogenic pathways. FASEB J 2017; 32:73-82. [PMID: 28842430 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700418r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of EducationShangdong University Jinan China
- Department of PhysiologyShangdong University Jinan China
- Second Hospital, Shangdong University Jinan China
| | - Duxiao Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistryShandong University School of Medicine, Shangdong University Jinan China
| | - Shanglei Ning
- Qilu Hospital and School of Life Science, Shangdong University Jinan China
| | - Yinghui Xu
- Cancer CenterFirst Hospital of Jilin University Jilin China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of EducationShangdong University Jinan China
- Department of PhysiologyShangdong University Jinan China
| | - Rusha Yin
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of EducationShangdong University Jinan China
- Department of PhysiologyShangdong University Jinan China
| | - Taihu Feng
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of EducationShangdong University Jinan China
- Department of PhysiologyShangdong University Jinan China
| | - Shouqing Han
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of EducationShangdong University Jinan China
- Department of PhysiologyShangdong University Jinan China
| | - Lu Guo
- Second Hospital, Shangdong University Jinan China
| | - Pengju Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistryShandong University School of Medicine, Shangdong University Jinan China
| | - Wenjie Qu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of EducationShangdong University Jinan China
- Department of PhysiologyShangdong University Jinan China
| | - Renbo Guo
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of EducationShangdong University Jinan China
- Department of PhysiologyShangdong University Jinan China
| | - Chen Song
- Center for Quantitative BiologyPeking University Beijing China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistryShandong University School of Medicine, Shangdong University Jinan China
| | | | - Zhigang Xu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of EducationShangdong University Jinan China
| | - Jin‐Peng Sun
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistryShandong University School of Medicine, Shangdong University Jinan China
- Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Xiao Yu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of EducationShangdong University Jinan China
- Department of PhysiologyShangdong University Jinan China
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36
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Nogueira Jorge NA, Wajnberg G, Ferreira CG, de Sa Carvalho B, Passetti F. snoRNA and piRNA expression levels modified by tobacco use in women with lung adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183410. [PMID: 28817650 PMCID: PMC5560661 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most frequent types of cancer worldwide. Most patients are diagnosed at advanced stage and thus have poor prognosis. Smoking is a risk factor for lung cancer, however most smokers do not develop lung cancer while 20% of women with lung adenocarcinoma are non-smokers. Therefore, it is possible that these two groups present differences besides the smoking status, including differences in their gene expression signature. The altered expression patterns of non-coding RNAs in complex diseases make them potential biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment. We analyzed data from differentially and constitutively expressed PIWI-interacting RNAs and small nucleolar RNAs from publicly available small RNA high-throughput sequencing data in search of an expression pattern of non-coding RNA that could differentiate these two groups. Here, we report two sets of differentially expressed small non-coding RNAs identified in normal and tumoral tissues of women with lung adenocarcinoma, that discriminate between smokers and non-smokers. Our findings may offer new insights on metabolic alterations caused by tobacco and may be used for early diagnosis of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Andressa Nogueira Jorge
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Wajnberg
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fabio Passetti
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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37
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Rashpa R, Vazquez-Pianzola P, Colombo M, Hernandez G, Beuchle D, Berger F, Peischl S, Bruggmann R, Suter B. Cbp80 is needed for the expression of piRNA components and piRNAs. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181743. [PMID: 28746365 PMCID: PMC5528831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cap binding protein 80 (Cbp80) is the larger subunit of the nuclear cap-binding complex (nCBC), which is known to play important roles in nuclear mRNA processing, export, stability and quality control events. Reducing Cbp80 mRNA levels in the female germline revealed that Cbp80 is also involved in defending the germline against transposable elements. Combining such knockdown experiments with large scale sequencing of small RNAs further showed that Cbp80 is involved in the initial biogenesis of piRNAs as well as in the secondary biogenesis pathway, the ping-pong amplification cycle. We further found that Cbp80 knockdown not only led to the upregulation of transposons, but also to delocalization of Piwi, Aub and Ago3, key factors in the piRNA biosynthesis pathway. Furthermore, compared to controls, levels of Piwi and Aub were also reduced upon knock down of Cbp80. On the other hand, with the same treatment we could not detect significant changes in levels or subcellular distribution (nuage localization) of piRNA precursor transcripts. This shows that Cbp80 plays an important role in the production and localization of the protein components of the piRNA pathway and it seems to be less important for the production and export of the piRNA precursor transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravish Rashpa
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Martino Colombo
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Greco Hernandez
- Division of Basic Research, National Institute of Cancer, Tlalpan, Mexico
| | - Dirk Beuchle
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Berger
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Peischl
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rémy Bruggmann
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Beat Suter
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (PV-P); (BS)
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Van Tongelen A, Loriot A, De Smet C. Oncogenic roles of DNA hypomethylation through the activation of cancer-germline genes. Cancer Lett 2017; 396:130-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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39
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Li J, Xu L, Bao Z, Xu P, Chang H, Wu J, Bei Y, Xia L, Wu P, Cui G. High expression of PIWIL2 promotes tumor cell proliferation, migration and predicts a poor prognosis in glioma. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:183-192. [PMID: 28534979 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Piwi-like RNA-mediated gene silencing 2 (PIWIL2), has been reported as an oncogene tightly associated with the genesis and progression of various malignancies. Nevertheless, the function of the PIWIL2 protein in human gliomas has not yet been clarified. In this study, we sought to investigate the clinical significance of PIWIL2 expression and reveal its function in the pathological process of gliomas. Through western blot and immunohistochemical analyses we found that PIWIL2 was overexpressed in glioma tissues. Moreover, the expression level of PIWIL2 was also significantly correlated with the WHO grades of human gliomas and Ki-67 expression. Kaplan‑Meier curves indicated that PIWIL2 was a prognostic factor for the survival of glioma patients and a high expression of PIWIL2 was correlated with a poor prognosis. In vitro, knockdown of PIWIL2 in glioma cells was shown to induce cell cycle arrest and increase apoptosis. Furthermore, silencing of PIWIL2 expression also obviously suppressed the migration of glioma cells. All the results demonstrated that PIWIL2 plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of human gliomas and may be used as a potential diagnostic marker and a therapeutic target of glioma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinquan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Peng Xu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Targets, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Hao Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Oncology, Nantong Rich Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Yuanqi Bei
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Targets, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Liuwan Xia
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Targets, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Peizhang Wu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Targets, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Gang Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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Antitumor Effect of Nanoparticle 131I-Labeled Arginine-Glycine-Aspartate–Bovine Serum Albumin–Polycaprolactone in Lung Cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2017; 208:1116-1126. [PMID: 28301223 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.16.16947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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