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Ozaki M, Kageyama K, Kimura K, Eguchi S, Yamamoto A, Tanaka R, Nota T, Yonezawa H, Nishiofuku H, Sakai Y, Tani N, Jogo A, Terai M, Sato T, Ishizawa T, Miki Y. A rat-based preclinical platform facilitating transcatheter hepatic arterial infusion in immunodeficient rats with liver xenografts of patient-derived pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10529. [PMID: 38719893 PMCID: PMC11079078 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61142-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver metastases from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are highly fatal. A rat-based patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) model is available for transcatheter therapy. This study aimed to create an immunodeficient rat model with liver xenografts of patient-derived primary PDAC and evaluate efficacy of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy with cisplatin in this model. Three patient-derived PDACs were transplanted into the livers of 21 rats each (totally, 63 rats), randomly assigned into hepatic arterial infusion, systemic venous infusion, and control groups (n = 7 each) four weeks post-implantation. Computed tomography evaluated tumor volumes before and four weeks after treatment. Post-euthanasia, resected tumor specimens underwent histopathological examination. A liver-implanted PDAC PDX rat model was established in all 63 rats, with first CT identifying all tumors. Four weeks post-treatment, arterial infusion groups exhibited significantly smaller tumor volumes than controls for all three tumors on second CT. Xenograft tumors histologically maintained adenocarcinoma features compared to original patient tumors. Ki67 expression was significantly lower in arterial infusion groups than in the other two for the three tumors, indicating reduced tumor growth in PDX rats. A liver-implanted PDAC PDX rat model was established as a rat-based preclinical platform. Arterial cisplatin infusion chemotherapy represents a potential therapy for PDAC liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Ozaki
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka, 5458585, Japan
| | - Ken Kageyama
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka, 5458585, Japan.
| | - Kenjiro Kimura
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka, 5458585, Japan
| | - Shinpei Eguchi
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka, 5458585, Japan
| | - Akira Yamamoto
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka, 5458585, Japan
| | - Ryota Tanaka
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka, 5458585, Japan
| | - Takehito Nota
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka, 5458585, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yonezawa
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka, 5458585, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Nishiofuku
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijocho, Kashihara, Nara, 6348521, Japan
| | - Yuki Sakai
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka, 5458585, Japan
| | - Naoki Tani
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka, 5458585, Japan
| | - Atsushi Jogo
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka, 5458585, Japan
| | - Mizue Terai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut Street, 1024 Curtis Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Takami Sato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut Street, 1024 Curtis Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Takeaki Ishizawa
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka, 5458585, Japan
| | - Yukio Miki
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka, 5458585, Japan
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2
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van den Bosch QCC, de Klein A, Verdijk RM, Kiliç E, Brosens E. Uveal melanoma modeling in mice and zebrafish. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189055. [PMID: 38104908 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite extensive research and refined therapeutic options, the survival for metastasized uveal melanoma (UM) patients has not improved significantly. UM, a malignant tumor originating from melanocytes in the uveal tract, can be asymptomatic and small tumors may be detected only during routine ophthalmic exams; making early detection and treatment difficult. UM is the result of a number of characteristic somatic alterations which are associated with prognosis. Although UM morphology and biology have been extensively studied, there are significant gaps in our understanding of the early stages of UM tumor evolution and effective treatment to prevent metastatic disease remain elusive. A better understanding of the mechanisms that enable UM cells to thrive and successfully metastasize is crucial to improve treatment efficacy and survival rates. For more than forty years, animal models have been used to investigate the biology of UM. This has led to a number of essential mechanisms and pathways involved in UM aetiology. These models have also been used to evaluate the effectiveness of various drugs and treatment protocols. Here, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms and pharmacological studies using mouse and zebrafish UM models. Finally, we highlight promising therapeutics and discuss future considerations using UM models such as optimal inoculation sites, use of BAP1mut-cell lines and the rise of zebrafish models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quincy C C van den Bosch
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies de Klein
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert M Verdijk
- Department of Pathology, Section of Ophthalmic Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Emine Kiliç
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin Brosens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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3
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Ionita I, Malita D, Dehelean C, Olteanu E, Marcovici I, Geamantan A, Chiriac S, Roman A, Radu D. Experimental Models for Rare Melanoma Research-The Niche That Needs to Be Addressed. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:673. [PMID: 37370604 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10060673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma, the tumor arising from the malignant transformation of pigment-producing cells-the melanocytes-represents one of the most severe cancer types. Despite their rarity compared to cutaneous melanoma, the extracutaneous subtypes such as uveal melanoma (UM), acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM), and mucosal melanoma (MM) stand out due to their increased aggressiveness and mortality rate, demanding continuous research to elucidate their specific pathological features and develop efficient therapies. Driven by the emerging progresses made in the preclinical modeling of melanoma, the current paper covers the most relevant in vitro, in vivo, and in ovo systems, providing a deeper understanding of these rare melanoma subtypes. However, the preclinical models for UM, ALM, and MM that were developed so far remain scarce, and none of them is able to completely simulate the complexity that is characteristic to these melanomas; thus, a continuous expansion of the existing library of experimental models is pivotal for driving advancements in this research field. An overview of the applicability of precision medicine in the management of rare melanoma subtypes is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Ionita
- Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Daniel Malita
- Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Dehelean
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Emilian Olteanu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Research and Innovation in Personalized Medicine of Respiratory Diseases, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Iasmina Marcovici
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andreea Geamantan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Sorin Chiriac
- Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andrea Roman
- Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Daniela Radu
- Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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Tsimpaki T, Bechrakis NE, Seitz B, Kraemer MM, Liu H, Dalbah S, Sokolenko E, Berchner-Pfannschmidt U, Fiorentzis M. Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane as a Patient-Derived Xenograft Model for Uveal Melanoma: Imaging Modalities for Growth and Vascular Evaluation. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051436. [PMID: 36900228 PMCID: PMC10000919 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDXs) have emerged as valuable preclinical in vivo models in oncology as they largely retain the polygenomic architecture of the human tumors from which they originate. Although animal models are accompanied by cost and time constraints and a low engraftment rate, PDXs have primarily been established in immunodeficient rodent models for the in vivo assessment of tumor characteristics and of novel therapeutic cancer targets. The chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay represents an attractive alternative in vivo model that has long been used in the research of tumor biology and angiogenesis, and can overcome some of these limitations. METHODS In this study, we reviewed different technical approaches for the establishment and monitoring of a CAM-based uveal melanoma PDX model. Forty-six fresh tumor grafts were acquired after enucleation from six uveal melanoma patients and were implanted onto the CAM on ED7 with Matrigel and a ring (group 1), with Matrigel (group 2), or natively without Matrigel or a ring (group 3). Real-time imaging techniques, such as various ultrasound modalities, optical coherence tomography, infrared imaging, and imaging analyses with Image J for tumor growth and extension, as well as color doppler, optical coherence angiography, and fluorescein angiography for angiogenesis, were performed on ED18 as alternative monitoring instruments. The tumor samples were excised on ED18 for histological assessment. RESULTS There were no significant differences between the three tested experimental groups regarding the length and width of the grafts during the development period. A statistically significant increase in volume (p = 0.0007) and weight (p = 0.0216) between ED7 and ED18 was only documented for tumor specimens of group 2. A significant correlation of the results for the cross-sectional area, largest basal diameter, and volume was documented between the different imaging and measurement techniques and the excised grafts. The formation of a vascular star around the tumor and of a vascular ring on the base of the tumor was observed for the majority of the viable developing grafts as a sign of successful engraftment. CONCLUSION The establishment of a CAM-PDX uveal melanoma model could elucidate the biological growth patterns and the efficacy of new therapeutic options in vivo. The methodological novelty of this study, investigating different implanting techniques and exploiting advances in real-time imaging with multiple modalities, allows precise, quantitative assessment in the field of tumor experimentation, underlying the feasibility of CAM as an in vivo PDX model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Tsimpaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufeland Str. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Nikolaos E. Bechrakis
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufeland Str. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Berthold Seitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Miriam M. Kraemer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufeland Str. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufeland Str. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Sami Dalbah
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufeland Str. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Sokolenko
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufeland Str. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Utta Berchner-Pfannschmidt
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufeland Str. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Miltiadis Fiorentzis
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufeland Str. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-723-84378
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5
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Ramos R, Cabré E, Vinyals A, Lorenzo D, Ferreres JR, Varela M, Gomá M, Paules MJ, Gutierrez C, Piulats JM, Fabra À, Caminal JM. Orthotopic murine xenograft model of uveal melanoma with spontaneous liver metastasis. Melanoma Res 2023; 33:1-11. [PMID: 36302215 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma is the most common intraocular malignancy in adults. Despite the effective primary treatment, up to 50% of patients with uveal melanoma will develop metastatic lesions mainly in the liver, which are resistant to conventional chemotherapy and lead to patient's death. To date, no orthotopic murine models of uveal melanoma which can develop spontaneous metastasis are available for preclinical studies. Here, we describe a spontaneous metastatic model of uveal melanoma based on the orthotopic injection of human uveal melanoma cells into the suprachoroidal space of immunodeficient NSG mice. All mice injected with bioluminescent OMM2.5 ( n = 23) or MP41 ( n = 19) cells developed a primary tumor. After eye enucleation, additional bioluminescence signals were detected in the lungs and in the liver. At necropsy, histopathological studies confirmed the presence of lung metastases in 100% of the mice. Liver metastases were assessed in 87 and in 100% of the mice that received OMM2.5 or MP41 cells, respectively. All tumors and metastatic lesions expressed melanoma markers and the signaling molecules insulin-like growth factor type I receptor and myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate, commonly activated in uveal melanoma. The novelty of this orthotopic mouse xenograft model is the development of spontaneous metastases in the liver from the primary site, reproducing the organoespecificity of metastasis observed in uveal melanoma patients. The faster growth and the high metastatic incidence may be attributed at least in part, to the severe immunodeficiency of NSG mice. This model may be useful for preclinical testing of targeted therapies with potential uveal melanoma antimetastatic activity and to study the mechanisms involved in liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Ramos
- Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)
| | - Eduard Cabré
- Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)
| | - Antònia Vinyals
- Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)
| | - Daniel Lorenzo
- Ophthalmology Department, Spanish Ocular Oncology National referal center (CSUR) and Ocular Translational Eye Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge (HUB)-IDIBELL
| | | | - Mar Varela
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge
| | - Montse Gomá
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge
| | | | - Cristina Gutierrez
- Radiotherapy Department, Institut Catalá d'Oncologia (ICO), Hospital Duran Reynals
| | - Josep M Piulats
- Medical Oncology, Institut Catalá d'Oncologia (ICO), Hospital Duran Reynals, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Àngels Fabra
- Ophthalmology Department, Spanish Ocular Oncology National referal center (CSUR) and Ocular Translational Eye Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge (HUB)-IDIBELL
| | - José M Caminal
- Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)
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6
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Liu X, Xin Z, Wang K. Patient-derived xenograft model in colorectal cancer basic and translational research. Animal Model Exp Med 2023; 6:26-40. [PMID: 36543756 PMCID: PMC9986239 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most popular malignancies globally, with 930 000 deaths in 2020. The evaluation of CRC-related pathogenesis and the discovery of potential therapeutic targets will be meaningful and helpful for improving CRC treatment. With huge efforts made in past decades, the systematic treatment regimens have been applied to improve the prognosis of CRC patients. However, the sensitivity of CRC to chemotherapy and targeted therapy is different from person to person, which is an important cause of treatment failure. The emergence of patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models shows great potential to alleviate the straits. PDX models possess similar genetic and pathological characteristics as the features of primary tumors. Moreover, PDX has the ability to mimic the tumor microenvironment of the original tumor. Thus, the PDX model is an important tool to screen precise drugs for individualized treatment, seek predictive biomarkers for prognosis supervision, and evaluate the unknown mechanism in basic research. This paper reviews the recent advances in constructed methods and applications of the CRC PDX model, aiming to provide new knowledge for CRC basic research and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Liu
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zechang Xin
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
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7
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Lapadula D, Lam B, Terai M, Sugase T, Tanaka R, Farias E, Kadamb R, Lopez-Anton M, Heine CC, Modasia B, Aguirre-Ghiso JA, Aplin AE, Sato T, Benovic JL. IGF1R Inhibition Enhances the Therapeutic Effects of Gq/11 Inhibition in Metastatic Uveal Melanoma Progression. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:63-74. [PMID: 36223548 PMCID: PMC9812929 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular tumor in adults, and up to 50% of patients develop metastatic disease, which remains uncurable. Because patients with metastatic UM have an average survival of less than 1 year after diagnosis, there is an urgent need to develop new treatment strategies. Although activating mutations in Gαq or Gα11 proteins are major drivers of pathogenesis, the therapeutic intervention of downstream Gαq/11 targets has been unsuccessful in treating UM, possibly due to alternative signaling pathways and/or resistance mechanisms. Activation of the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling pathway promotes cell growth, metastasis, and drug resistance in many types of cancers, including UM, where expression of the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) correlates with a poor prognosis. In this article, we show that direct inhibition of Gαq/11 by the cyclic depsipeptide YM-254890 in combination with inhibition of IGF1R by linsitinib cooperatively inhibits downstream signaling and proliferation of UM cells. We further demonstrate that a 2-week combination treatment of 0.3 to 0.4 mg/kg of YM-254890 administered by intraperitoneal injection and 25 to 40 mg/kg linsitinib administered by oral gavage effectively inhibits the growth of metastatic UM tumors in immunodeficient NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice and identifies the IGF1 pathway as a potential resistance mechanism in response to Gαq/11 inhibition in UM. These data suggest that the combination of Gαq/11 and IGF1R inhibition provides a promising therapeutic strategy to treat metastatic UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Lapadula
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Bao Lam
- Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mizue Terai
- Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Takahito Sugase
- Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ryota Tanaka
- Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Eduardo Farias
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rama Kadamb
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NewYork, United States
| | | | - Christian C Heine
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | | | | | - Andrew E Aplin
- Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Takami Sato
- Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Benovic
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
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8
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Nota T, Kageyama K, Yamamoto A, Kakehashi A, Yonezawa H, Jogo A, Sohgawa E, Murai K, Ogawa S, Miki Y. Safety and Feasibility of Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography with a Nanoparticle Contrast Agent for Evaluation of Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Liver Tumors in a Rat Model. Acad Radiol 2023; 30:30-39. [PMID: 35680546 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2022.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Safety and feasibility of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) with a nanoparticulate contrast agent, ExiTron nano 12000, was evaluated in a rat liver tumor model. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study employed eighteen 8-week-old male F344 rats. Six rats given tap water for 8 weeks further divided into two: Control group and Normal Liver with CECT group. Six rats each were given tap water containing diethylnitrosamine (DEN) at 100 ppm for 8 or 14 weeks; Adenoma group and Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) group, respectively. Biochemical marker values and adverse events were evaluated after CT imaging. ExiTron nano 12000 was evaluated for the hepatic contrast enhancement, and the detection and measurement of liver nodules by CECT after 8- and 14-weeks administration of DEN. Post-mortem liver specimens were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and the number and size of liver nodules were measured. The HCC group was evaluated for diagnostic concordance between HE-stained and CECT-detected nodules. RESULTS The contrast agent enhanced liver and was tolerated after CECT in 15 rats. Biochemical parameter values did not differ significantly between the Control and Normal Liver groups. The numbers of CECT-detected nodules in the Adenoma and HCC groups were 14.8 ± 5.1, and 32.4 ± 8.1, respectively. The HCC group had 3.6 ± 2.7 of pathological HCCs, which were identified by CECT. The size of CECT-detected HCCs correlated significantly with that of pathological HCCs (r = 0.966, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION CECT with ExiTron nano 12000 is a safe and feasible method to measure tumors in a rat liver tumor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehito Nota
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine (T.N., K.K., A.Y., H.Y., A.J., E.S., K.M., S.O., Y.M.), Osaka City University (currently Osaka Metropolitan University), 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Ken Kageyama
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine (T.N., K.K., A.Y., H.Y., A.J., E.S., K.M., S.O., Y.M.), Osaka City University (currently Osaka Metropolitan University), 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Akira Yamamoto
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine (T.N., K.K., A.Y., H.Y., A.J., E.S., K.M., S.O., Y.M.), Osaka City University (currently Osaka Metropolitan University), 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Anna Kakehashi
- Department of Molecular Pathology (A.K.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University (currently Osaka Metropolitan University), Abenoku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yonezawa
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine (T.N., K.K., A.Y., H.Y., A.J., E.S., K.M., S.O., Y.M.), Osaka City University (currently Osaka Metropolitan University), 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Atsushi Jogo
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine (T.N., K.K., A.Y., H.Y., A.J., E.S., K.M., S.O., Y.M.), Osaka City University (currently Osaka Metropolitan University), 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Etsuji Sohgawa
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine (T.N., K.K., A.Y., H.Y., A.J., E.S., K.M., S.O., Y.M.), Osaka City University (currently Osaka Metropolitan University), 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuki Murai
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine (T.N., K.K., A.Y., H.Y., A.J., E.S., K.M., S.O., Y.M.), Osaka City University (currently Osaka Metropolitan University), 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Satoyuki Ogawa
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine (T.N., K.K., A.Y., H.Y., A.J., E.S., K.M., S.O., Y.M.), Osaka City University (currently Osaka Metropolitan University), 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yukio Miki
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine (T.N., K.K., A.Y., H.Y., A.J., E.S., K.M., S.O., Y.M.), Osaka City University (currently Osaka Metropolitan University), 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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9
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Khan S, Lutzky J, Shoushtari AN, Jeter J, Marr B, Olencki TE, Cebulla CM, Abdel-Rahman M, Harbour JW, Sender N, Nesson A, Singh-Kandah S, Hernandez S, King J, Katari MS, Dimapanat L, Izard S, Ambrosini G, Surriga O, Rai AJ, Chiuzan C, Schwartz GK, Carvajal RD. Adjuvant crizotinib in high-risk uveal melanoma following definitive therapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:976837. [PMID: 36106113 PMCID: PMC9465386 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.976837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Approximately 40% of patients with uveal melanoma (UM) will develop metastatic disease. Tumors measuring at least 12mm in basal diameter with a class 2 signature, as defined by a widely used gene expression-profiling test, are associated with significantly higher risk of metastasis, with a median time to recurrence of 32 months. No therapy has been shown to reduce this risk. Materials and Methods This was a single-arm, multicenter study in patients with high-risk UM who received definitive treatment of primary disease and had no evidence of metastasis. Patients were consecutively enrolled to receive 12 four-week cycles of adjuvant crizotinib at a starting dose of 250mg twice daily and were subsequently monitored for 36 months. The primary outcome of this study was to assess recurrence-free survival (RFS) of patients with high-risk UM who received adjuvant crizotinib. Results 34 patients enrolled and received at least one dose of crizotinib. Two patients were unevaluable due to early withdrawal and loss to follow-up, leaving 32 patients evaluable for efficacy. Eight patients (25%) did not complete the planned 48-week course of treatment due to disease recurrence (n=5) or toxicity (n=3). All patients experienced at least one adverse event (AE), with 11/34 (32%) experiencing a Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grade 3 or 4 AE. After a median duration of follow up of 47.1 months, 21 patients developed distant recurrent disease. The median RFS was 34.9 months (95% CI (Confidence Interval), 23-55 months), with a 32-month recurrence rate of 50% (95% CI, 33-67%). Analysis of protein contents from peripheral blood extracellular vesicles in a subset of patient samples from baseline, on-treatment, and off-treatment, revealed a change in protein content associated with crizotinib exposure, however without a clear association with disease outcome. Conclusions The use of adjuvant crizotinib in patients with high-risk UM did not result in improved RFS when compared to historical controls. Analysis of blood extracellular vesicles revealed changes in protein content associated with treatment, raising the possibility of future use as a biomarker. Further investigation of adjuvant treatment options are necessary for this challenging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheer Khan
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Shaheer Khan,
| | - Jose Lutzky
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Alexander N. Shoushtari
- Melanoma and Immunotherapeutics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Joanne Jeter
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Brian Marr
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Thomas E. Olencki
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Colleen M. Cebulla
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Havener Eye Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Havener Eye Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - J. William Harbour
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Naomi Sender
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alexandra Nesson
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shahnaz Singh-Kandah
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Susana Hernandez
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jeanelle King
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Manpreet S. Katari
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lyssa Dimapanat
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Stephanie Izard
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Grazia Ambrosini
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Oliver Surriga
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alex J. Rai
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Codruta Chiuzan
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gary K. Schwartz
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Richard D. Carvajal
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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10
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Potential of miRNA-Based Nanotherapeutics for Uveal Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205192. [PMID: 34680340 PMCID: PMC8534265 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Human uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular tumor with high metastatic risk in adults. Currently, no effective treatment is available for metastatic UM; therefore, new therapeutic approaches are needed to improve overall survival. Given the increased understanding of microRNAs (miRNAs) and their roles in UM tumorigenesis and metastasis, miRNA-based therapy may offer the hope of improving therapeutic outcomes. This review summarizes the actions of select miRNAs examined in preclinical studies using miRNAs as therapeutic targets in UM. The focus of this review is the application of established nanotechnology-assisted delivery systems to overcome the limitations of therapeutic miRNAs. A blend of therapeutic miRNAs and nanodelivery systems may facilitate the translation of miRNA therapies to clinical settings. Abstract Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common adult intraocular cancer, and metastatic UM remains deadly and incurable. UM is a complex disease associated with the deregulation of numerous genes and redundant intracellular signaling pathways. As understanding of epigenetic dysregulation in the oncogenesis of UM has increased, the abnormal expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been found to be an epigenetic mechanism underlying UM tumorigenesis. A growing number of miRNAs are being found to be associated with aberrant signaling pathways in UM, and some have been investigated and functionally characterized in preclinical settings. This review summarizes the miRNAs with promising therapeutic potential for UM treatment, paying special attention to the therapeutic miRNAs (miRNA mimics or inhibitors) used to restore dysregulated miRNAs to their normal levels. However, several physical and physiological limitations associated with therapeutic miRNAs have prevented their translation to cancer therapeutics. With the advent of nanotechnology delivery systems, the development of effective targeted therapies for patients with UM has received great attention. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the use of nanotechnology drug delivery systems, particularly nanocarriers that can be loaded with therapeutic miRNAs for effective delivery into target cells. The development of miRNA-based therapeutics with nanotechnology-based delivery systems may overcome the barriers of therapeutic miRNAs, thereby enabling their translation to therapeutics, enabling more effective targeting of UM cells and consequently improving therapeutic outcomes.
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11
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Terai M, Kageyama K, Sugase T, Lam BQ, Alexeev V, Sato T. Orthotopic Human Metastatic Uveal Melanoma Xenograft Mouse Models: Applications for Understanding the Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Management of Metastatic Uveal Melanoma. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e110. [PMID: 33882197 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The propensity of uveal melanoma to metastasize to the liver hinders the accrual of micro-metastatic and end-stage disease tissue samples and restricts the investigation of metastatic uveal melanoma (MUM). Pre-clinical experimental animal models of MUM can help elucidate the pathophysiology of metastatic lesions and provide a tool for designing new therapeutic approaches for MUM. Here, we present an advanced model of hepatic metastases that enables quantitatively visualizing the development of individual hepatic tumor clones and estimating their growth kinetics and colonization efficiency. Similar to clinically observed liver metastases, these models enable the assessment of growth kinetics of the liver micro-metastases and the testing of therapeutic approaches for the treatment of MUM. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Experimental patient-derived xenograft mouse model of metastatic uveal melanoma Basic Protocol 2: Experimental liver micro-metastatic mouse model using splenic injection of metastatic uveal melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizue Terai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ken Kageyama
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka City University, Osaka-shi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahito Sugase
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita-shi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Bao Quoc Lam
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Vitali Alexeev
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Takami Sato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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12
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Goldrick C, Palanga L, Tang B, Mealy G, Crown J, Horgan N, Kennedy S, Walsh N. Hindsight: Review of Preclinical Disease Models for the Development of New Treatments for Uveal Melanoma. J Cancer 2021; 12:4672-4685. [PMID: 34149931 PMCID: PMC8210544 DOI: 10.7150/jca.53954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular, histopathological, genomic and transcriptomic characteristics of uveal melanoma (UM) have identified four molecular subgroups with different clinical outcomes. Despite the improvements in UM classification and biological pathology, current treatments do not reduce the occurrence of metastasis. The development of effective adjuvant and metastatic therapies for UM has been slow and extremely limited. Preclinical models that closely resemble the molecular and genetic UM subgroups are essential for translating molecular findings into improved clinical treatment. In this review, we provide a retrospective view of the existing preclinical models used to study UM, and give an overview of their strengths and limitations. We review targeted therapy clinical trial data to evaluate the gap in the translation of preclinical findings to human studies. Reflecting on the current high attrition rates of clinical trials for UM, preclinical models that effectively recapitulate the human in vivo situation and/or accurately reflect the subtype classifications would enhance the translational impact of experimental data and have crucial implications for the advancement of personalised medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caoimhe Goldrick
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Letizia Palanga
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bobby Tang
- Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Research Foundation, Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Adelaide Road, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Grace Mealy
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Crown
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Medical Oncology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Noel Horgan
- Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Research Foundation, Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Adelaide Road, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Susan Kennedy
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.,Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Research Foundation, Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Adelaide Road, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Naomi Walsh
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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13
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Ohara M, Saito K, Kageyama K, Terai M, Cheng H, Aplin AE, Sato T. Dual Targeting of CDK4/6 and cMET in Metastatic Uveal Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051104. [PMID: 33806615 PMCID: PMC7961994 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Up to 50% of uveal melanoma patients subsequently develop metastases, for which no effective treatment has been identified. In this study, 87.5% of uveal melanoma patients’ samples were positive for phosphorylated retinoblastoma (RB), and ex vivo incubation of patients’ biopsy specimens with CDK4/6 inhibitor decreased the phosphorylation of RB. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which is rich in the liver microenvironment, diminished the efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitor. In human HGF knock-in NOD.Cg-Prkdc scid Il2rg tm1Wjl/SzJ mice, combination of CDK4/6 inhibitor and cMET inhibitor showed significant growth suppression in implanted metastatic uveal melanoma cells, compared to CDK4/6 inhibitor alone. Taken together, our preclinical study indicated that combining CDK4/6 inhibitor and cMET inhibitor would provide significant clinical benefit to patients with metastatic uveal melanoma. Abstract Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common cancer of the eye in adults. Up to 50% of UM patients subsequently develop metastases, especially in the liver. It has been reported that the retinoblastoma (RB) pathway is deregulated in more than 90% of UM despite the rarity of mutations in the RB1 gene itself. CDK4/6 inhibition (CDK4/6i) is a rational strategy for treatment of UM. In this report, we investigated the antiproliferative activity of a selective CDK4/6 inhibitor on metastatic UM. A CDK4/6 inhibitor suppressed UM cell lines growth in in vitro and in vivo experiments. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) decreased the effect of CDK4/6 inhibitor on metastatic UM cell lines. When CDK4/6i was combined with cMET inhibitor, enhanced growth suppression was observed in metastatic UM tumors grown in human-HGF knock-in xenograft mouse models. HGF is enriched in the liver and the majority of liver metastases from UM express activated forms of cMET; therefore, signaling through cMET could contribute to the resistance mechanisms against CDK4/6i, especially in UM patients with hepatic metastasis. Together, these results provide a rationale for the use of cMET inhibitor in combination with a CDK4/6 inhibitor for the treatment of metastatic UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ohara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut Street, Suite 1024, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (K.S.); (K.K.); (M.T.); (T.S.)
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hiroshima General Hospital, 1-3-3 Jigozen, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 738-8503, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-215-955-1195; Fax: +1-215-923-0797
| | - Kengo Saito
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut Street, Suite 1024, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (K.S.); (K.K.); (M.T.); (T.S.)
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Ken Kageyama
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut Street, Suite 1024, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (K.S.); (K.K.); (M.T.); (T.S.)
- Department of Radiology, Osaka City University, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Mizue Terai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut Street, Suite 1024, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (K.S.); (K.K.); (M.T.); (T.S.)
| | - Hanyin Cheng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (H.C.); (A.E.A.)
- Hematologics Inc., 3161 Elliott Ave., Suite 200, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Andrew E. Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (H.C.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Takami Sato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut Street, Suite 1024, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (K.S.); (K.K.); (M.T.); (T.S.)
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14
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Hu HT, Wang Z, Kim MJ, Jiang LS, Xu SJ, Jung J, Lee E, Park JH, Bakheet N, Yoon SH, Kim KY, Song HY, Chang S. The Establishment of a Fast and Safe Orthotopic Colon Cancer Model Using a Tissue Adhesive Technique. Cancer Res Treat 2020; 53:733-743. [PMID: 33321564 PMCID: PMC8291175 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2020.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to develop a novel method for orthotopic colon cancer model, using tissue adhesive in place of conventional surgical method. Materials and Methods RFP HCT 116 cell line were used to establish the colon cancer model. Fresh tumor tissue harvested from a subcutaneous injection was grafted into twenty nude mice, divided into group A (suture method) and group B (tissue adhesive method). For the group A, we fixed the tissue on the serosa layer of proximal colon by 8-0 surgical suture. For the group B, tissue adhesive (10 μL) was used to fix the tumor. The mortality, tumor implantation success, tumor metastasis, primary tumor size, and operation time were compared between the two groups. Dissected tumor tissue was analyzed for the histology and immunohistochemistry. Also, we performed tumor marker analysis. Results We observed 30% increase in graft success and 20% decrease in mortality, by using tissue adhesive method, respectively. The median colon tumor size was significantly increased by 4 mm and operation time was shortened by 6.5 minutes. The H&E showed similar tumor structure between the two groups. The immunohistochemistry staining for cancer antigen 19-9, carcinoembryonic antigen, cytokeratin 20, and Ki-67 showed comparable intensities in both groups. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription analysis showed eight out of nine tumor markers are unchanged in the tissue adhesive group. Western blot indicated the tissue adhesive group expressed less p-JNK (apototic marker) and more p-MEK/p-p38 (proliferation marker) levels. Conclusion We concluded the tissue adhesive method is a quick and safe way to generate orthotopic, colon cancer model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tao Hu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Minimal-Invasive Intervention, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Myung Ji Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Lu-Shang Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shi-Jun Xu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Minimal-Invasive Intervention, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jaeyun Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunji Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Park
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nader Bakheet
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and Liver Unit, Kasr Al-Ainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sung Hwan Yoon
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kun Yung Kim
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Ho-Young Song
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suhwan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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15
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Abreu S, Silva F, Mendes R, Mendes TF, Teixeira M, Santo VE, Boghaert ER, Félix A, Brito C. Patient-derived ovarian cancer explants: preserved viability and histopathological features in long-term agitation-based cultures. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19462. [PMID: 33173111 PMCID: PMC7655823 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76291-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian carcinoma (OvC) remains a major therapeutic challenge due to its propensity to develop resistance after an initial response to chemotherapy. Interactions of tumour cells with the surrounding microenvironment play a role in tumour survival, invasion capacity and drug resistance. Cancer models that retain tissue architecture and tumour microenvironment components are therefore essential to understand drug response and resistance mechanisms. Herein, our goal was to develop a long-term OvC patient-derived explant (OvC-PDE) culture strategy in which architecture and cell type heterogeneity of the original tumour would be retained. Samples from 25 patients with distinct OvC types and one with a benign tumour, were cultured for 30 days in agitation-based culture systems with 100% success rate. OvC-PDE cultures retained the original tumour architecture and main cellular components: epithelial cells, fibroblasts and immune cells. Epithelial cells kept their original levels of proliferation and apoptosis. Moreover, the major extracellular components, such as collagen-I and -IV, were retained in explants. OvC-PDE cultures were exposed to standard-of-care chemotherapeutics agents for 2 weeks, attesting the ability of the platform for drug assays employing cyclic drug exposure regimens. We established an OvC-PDE dynamic culture in which tumour architecture and cell type heterogeneity were preserved for the different OvC types, replicating features of the original tumour and compatible with long-term drug exposure for drug efficacy and resistance studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Abreu
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Silva
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, CEDOC-FCM-NOVA, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, R. Câmara Pestana 6, 1150-078, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita Mendes
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Teresa F Mendes
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Marta Teixeira
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Vítor E Santo
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Erwin R Boghaert
- AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064-6098, USA
| | - Ana Félix
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, CEDOC-FCM-NOVA, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, R. Câmara Pestana 6, 1150-078, Lisbon, Portugal
- IPOLFG, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, R. Prof. Lima Basto, 1099-023, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina Brito
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901, Oeiras, Portugal.
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal.
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16
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de Vries G, Rosas-Plaza X, Meersma GJ, Leeuwenburgh VC, Kok K, Suurmeijer AJH, van Vugt MATM, Gietema JA, de Jong S. Establishment and characterisation of testicular cancer patient-derived xenograft models for preclinical evaluation of novel therapeutic strategies. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18938. [PMID: 33144587 PMCID: PMC7641131 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75518-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular cancer (TC) is the most common solid tumour in young men. While cisplatin-based chemotherapy is highly effective in TC patients, chemoresistance still accounts for 10% of disease-related deaths. Pre-clinical models that faithfully reflect patient tumours are needed to assist in target discovery and drug development. Tumour pieces from eight TC patients were subcutaneously implanted in NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice. Three patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of TC, including one chemoresistant model, were established containing yolk sac tumour and teratoma components. PDX models and corresponding patient tumours were characterised by H&E, Ki-67 and cyclophilin A immunohistochemistry, showing retention of histological subtypes over several passages. Whole-exome sequencing, copy number variation analysis and RNA-sequencing was performed on these TP53 wild type PDX tumours to assess the effects of passaging, showing high concordance of molecular features between passages. Cisplatin sensitivity of PDX models corresponded with patients' response to cisplatin-based chemotherapy. MDM2 and mTORC1/2 targeted drugs showed efficacy in the cisplatin sensitive PDX models. In conclusion, we describe three PDX models faithfully reflecting chemosensitivity of TC patients. These models can be used for mechanistic studies and pre-clinical validation of novel therapeutic strategies in testicular cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerda de Vries
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ximena Rosas-Plaza
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Jan Meersma
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent C Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Kok
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J H Suurmeijer
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel A T M van Vugt
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jourik A Gietema
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Steven de Jong
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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17
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Truong A, Yoo JH, Scherzer MT, Sanchez JMS, Dale KJ, Kinsey CG, Richards JR, Shin D, Ghazi PC, Onken MD, Blumer KJ, Odelberg SJ, McMahon M. Chloroquine Sensitizes GNAQ/11-mutated Melanoma to MEK1/2 Inhibition. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:6374-6386. [PMID: 32933997 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-1675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mutational activation of GNAQ or GNA11 (GNAQ/11), detected in >90% of uveal melanomas, leads to constitutive activation of oncogenic pathways, including MAPK and YAP. To date, chemo- or pathway-targeted therapies, either alone or in combination, have proven ineffective in the treatment of patients with metastatic uveal melanoma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We tested the efficacy of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine, in combination with MAPK pathway inhibition in GNAQ/11-mutated cells in vitro and in vivo and identified mechanisms of MEK1/2 inhibitor plus chloroquine-induced cytotoxicity. RESULTS Inhibition of GNAQ/11-mediated activation of MAPK signaling resulted in the induction of autophagy. Combined inhibition of Gα and autophagy or lysosome function resulted in enhanced cell death. Moreover, the combination of MEK1/2 inhibition, using trametinib, with the lysosome inhibitor, chloroquine, also increased cytotoxicity. Treatment of mice bearing GNAQ/11-driven melanomas with trametinib plus hydroxychloroquine resulted in inhibition of tumor growth and significantly prolonged survival. Interestingly, lysosomal- and autophagy-specific inhibition with bafilomycin A1 was not sufficient to promote cytotoxicity in combination with trametinib. However, the addition of YAP inhibition with trametinib plus bafilomycin A1 resulted in cell death at comparable levels to trametinib plus chloroquine (T/CQ) treatment. Furthermore, T/CQ-treated cells displayed decreased YAP nuclear localization and decreased YAP transcriptional activity. Expression of a constitutively active YAP5SA mutant conferred resistance to T/CQ-induced cell death. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that YAP, MEK1/2, and lysosome function are necessary and critical targets for the therapy of GNAQ/11-driven melanoma, and identify trametinib plus hydroxychloroquine as a potential treatment strategy for metastatic uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Truong
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jae Hyuk Yoo
- Molecular Medicine Program, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Michael T Scherzer
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Kali J Dale
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Conan G Kinsey
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jackson R Richards
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Molecular Medicine Program, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Donghan Shin
- Molecular Medicine Program, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Phaedra C Ghazi
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Michael D Onken
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kendall J Blumer
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Shannon J Odelberg
- Molecular Medicine Program, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Martin McMahon
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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18
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Bustamante P, Piquet L, Landreville S, Burnier JV. Uveal melanoma pathobiology: Metastasis to the liver. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 71:65-85. [PMID: 32450140 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is a type of intraocular tumor with a propensity to disseminate to the liver. Despite the identification of the early driver mutations during the development of the pathology, the process of UM metastasis is still not fully comprehended. A better understanding of the genetic, molecular, and environmental factors participating to its spread and metastatic outgrowth could provide additional approaches for UM treatment. In this review, we will discuss the advances made towards the understanding of the pathogenesis of metastatic UM, summarize the current and prospective treatments, and introduce some of the ongoing research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prisca Bustamante
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada; Experimental Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Léo Piquet
- Département d'ophtalmologie et d'ORL-CCF, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada; CUO-Recherche and Axe médecine régénératrice, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada; Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada; Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Solange Landreville
- Département d'ophtalmologie et d'ORL-CCF, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada; CUO-Recherche and Axe médecine régénératrice, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada; Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada; Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Julia V Burnier
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada; Experimental Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department Of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.
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19
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Sugase T, Lam BQ, Danielson M, Terai M, Aplin AE, Gutkind JS, Sato T. Development and optimization of orthotopic liver metastasis xenograft mouse models in uveal melanoma. J Transl Med 2020; 18:208. [PMID: 32434572 PMCID: PMC7240939 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02377-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with metastatic uveal melanoma (MUM) in the liver usually die within 1 year. The development of new treatments for MUM has been limited by the lack of diverse MUM cell lines and appropriate animal models. We previously reported that orthotopic xenograft mouse models established by direct injection of MUM cells into the liver were useful for the analysis associated with tumor microenvironment in the liver. However, considering that patients with UM metastasize to the liver hematogenously, direct liver injection model might not be suitable for investigation on various mechanisms of liver metastasis. Here, we aim to establish new orthotopic xenograft models via hematogenous dissemination of tumor cells to the liver, and to compare their characteristics with the hepatic injection model. We also determine if hepatic tumors could be effectively monitored with non-invasive live imaging. METHODS tdtTomate-labeled, patient-derived MUM cells were injected into the liver, spleen or tail vein of immunodeficient NSG mice. Tumor growth was serially assessed with In Vivo Imaging System (IVIS) images once every week. Established hepatic tumors were evaluated with CT scan and then analyzed histologically. RESULTS We found that splenic injection could consistently establish hepatic tumors. Non-invasive imaging showed that the splenic injection model had more consistent and stronger fluorescent intensity compared to the hepatic injection model. There were no significant differences in tumor growth between splenic injection with splenectomy and without splenectomy. The splenic injection established hepatic tumors diffusely throughout the liver, while the hepatic injection of tumor cells established a single localized tumor. Long-term monitoring of tumor development showed that tumor growth, tumor distribution in the liver, and overall survival depended on the number of tumor cells injected to the spleen. CONCLUSION We established a new orthotopic hepatic metastatic xenograft mouse model by splenic injection of MUM cells. The growth of orthotopic hepatic tumors could be monitored with non-invasive IVIS imaging. Moreover, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of a MEK inhibitor by using this model. Our findings suggest that our new orthotopic liver metastatic mouse model may be useful for preclinical drug screening experiments and for the analysis of liver metastasis mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Sugase
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut Street, Ste. 1024, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bao Q Lam
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut Street, Ste. 1024, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Meggie Danielson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut Street, Ste. 1024, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mizue Terai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut Street, Ste. 1024, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew E Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Takami Sato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut Street, Ste. 1024, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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20
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Teh JLF, Purwin TJ, Han A, Chua V, Patel P, Baqai U, Liao C, Bechtel N, Sato T, Davies MA, Aguirre-Ghiso J, Aplin AE. Metabolic Adaptations to MEK and CDK4/6 Cotargeting in Uveal Melanoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1719-1726. [PMID: 32430489 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Frequent GNAQ and GNA11 mutations in uveal melanoma hyperactivate the MEK-ERK signaling pathway, leading to aberrant regulation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) and cell-cycle progression. MEK inhibitors (MEKi) alone show poor efficacy in uveal melanoma, raising the question of whether downstream targets can be vertically inhibited to provide long-term benefit. CDK4/6 selective inhibitors are FDA-approved in patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer in combination with ER antagonists/aromatase inhibitors. We determined the effects of MEKi plus CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) in uveal melanoma. In vitro, palbociclib, a CDK4/6i, enhanced the effects of MEKi via downregulation of cell-cycle proteins. In contrast, in vivo CDK4/6 inhibition alone led to cytostasis and was as effective as MEKi plus CDK4/6i treatment at delaying tumor growth. RNA sequencing revealed upregulation of the oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) pathway in both MEKi-resistant tumors and CDK4/6i-tolerant tumors. Furthermore, oxygen consumption rate was increased following MEKi + CDK4/6i treatment. IACS-010759, an OxPhos inhibitor, decreased uveal melanoma cell survival in combination with MEKi + CDK4/6i. These data highlight adaptive upregulation of OxPhos in response to MEKi + CDK4/6i treatment in uveal melanoma and suggest that suppression of this metabolic state may improve the efficacy of MEKi plus CDK4/6i combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Han
- Department of Cancer Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Vivian Chua
- Department of Cancer Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Prem Patel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Usman Baqai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Connie Liao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nelisa Bechtel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Takami Sato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael A Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Julio Aguirre-Ghiso
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Oncological Sciences and Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Andrew E Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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21
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Cao Z, Zhang Z, Zheng L, Lin J, Peng J, Lin W. Establishment of a stable hepatic metastasis mouse model of murine colorectal cancer by microsurgical orthotopic implantation. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:3249-3257. [PMID: 35117691 PMCID: PMC8798192 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2020.03.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Liver metastasis is a common cause of death from colorectal cancer (CRC). In this paper we developed a liver metastasis mouse model by microsurgical orthotopic implantation (MSOI) to illuminate the CRC progression with an eye toward developing effective drug treatment. Methods Murine colon carcinoma CT-26 cells were cultured and then injected to male BALB/c athymic nude mice right flank to generate subcutaneous implantation tumor with 2×107 CT-26 cell suspension in DMEM. Tumor tissue at an average size of 1 cm3 was injected into another nude mice right flank with 20-gauge inoculating needle. Between fourth and sixth generations, tumor tissue sewn into the cecal surface establishes orthotopic transplanted CRC model by MSOI. Then on the 7th, 14th, 21st and 35th day, body weight, abdomen circumference, volume of ascites and local tumor weight were observed and weighed. On the 21st day and 35th day, local tumor rate was calculated, and metastatic tumors of other organs were observed. Tumor tissue was stained by HE for pathologic analysis. Results On the 35th day, body weight and abdomen circumference of the model group were significantly higher than the control group (P<0.01). Local tumor weight increased rapidly from the 21st d to the 35th d (P<0.01), and take rate was high (100%). Metastatic tumor appeared only in liver on the 21st day and then invaded to liver, stomach, retroperitoneal lymph node and abdominal wall on the 35th day. The metastatic rate of liver tumor respectively was 83.3% and 100% on the 21st day and 35th day, but liver function remained normal. Pathologic analysis showed that colorectal tumor invaded the normal tissue of liver, abdominal wall and stomach. Conclusions A stable hepatic metastasis mouse model of murine CRC was established by MSOI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyun Cao
- Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Zhideng Zhang
- Technology Center of Fuzhou Customs District, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Liangpu Zheng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Jiumao Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
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22
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Meneceur S, Linge A, Meinhardt M, Hering S, Löck S, Bütof R, Krex D, Schackert G, Temme A, Baumann M, Krause M, von Neubeck C. Establishment and Characterisation of Heterotopic Patient-Derived Xenografts for Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040871. [PMID: 32260145 PMCID: PMC7226316 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is an aggressive brain tumour with a patient median survival of approximately 14 months. The development of innovative treatment strategies to increase the life span and quality of life of patients is hence essential. This requires the use of appropriate glioblastoma models for preclinical testing, which faithfully reflect human cancers. The aim of this study was to establish glioblastoma patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) by heterotopic transplantation of tumour pieces in the axillae of NMRI nude mice. Ten out of 22 patients' samples gave rise to tumours in mice. Their human origin was confirmed by microsatellite analyses, though minor changes were observed. The glioblastoma nature of the PDXs was corroborated by pathological evaluation. Latency times spanned from 48.5 to 370.5 days in the first generation. Growth curve analyses revealed an increase in the growth rate with increasing passages. The methylation status of the MGMT promoter in the primary material was maintained in the PDXs. However, a trend towards a more methylated pattern could be found. A correlation was observed between the take in mice and the proportion of Sox2+ cells (r = 0.49, p = 0.016) and nestin+ cells (r = 0.55, p = 0.007). Our results show that many PDXs maintain key features of the patients' samples they derive from. They could thus be used as preclinical models to test new therapies and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Meneceur
- OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz- Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.L.); (S.L.); (R.B.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (C.v.N.)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Annett Linge
- OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz- Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.L.); (S.L.); (R.B.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (C.v.N.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (G.S.); (A.T.)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumour Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Meinhardt
- Institute for Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Sandra Hering
- Institute for Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Steffen Löck
- OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz- Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.L.); (S.L.); (R.B.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (C.v.N.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (G.S.); (A.T.)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Bütof
- OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz- Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.L.); (S.L.); (R.B.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (C.v.N.)
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumour Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dietmar Krex
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Gabriele Schackert
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (G.S.); (A.T.)
- National Center for Tumour Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Achim Temme
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (G.S.); (A.T.)
- National Center for Tumour Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Michael Baumann
- OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz- Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.L.); (S.L.); (R.B.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (C.v.N.)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mechthild Krause
- OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz- Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.L.); (S.L.); (R.B.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (C.v.N.)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (G.S.); (A.T.)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumour Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Cläre von Neubeck
- OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz- Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.L.); (S.L.); (R.B.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (C.v.N.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (G.S.); (A.T.)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Particle Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
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23
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Richards JR, Yoo JH, Shin D, Odelberg SJ. Mouse models of uveal melanoma: Strengths, weaknesses, and future directions. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2020; 33:264-278. [PMID: 31880399 PMCID: PMC7065156 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma is the most common primary malignancy of the eye, and a number of discoveries in the last decade have led to a more thorough molecular characterization of this cancer. However, the prognosis remains dismal for patients with metastases, and there is an urgent need to identify treatments that are effective for this stage of disease. Animal models are important tools for preclinical studies of uveal melanoma. A variety of models exist, and they have specific advantages, disadvantages, and applications. In this review article, these differences are explored in detail, and ideas for new models that might overcome current challenges are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson R. Richards
- Department of Oncological SciencesUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA
- Program in Molecular MedicineUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA
| | - Jae Hyuk Yoo
- Program in Molecular MedicineUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA
| | - Donghan Shin
- Program in Molecular MedicineUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA
| | - Shannon J. Odelberg
- Program in Molecular MedicineUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA
- Department of Neurobiology and AnatomyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA
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24
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Deep sequencing and automated histochemistry of human tissue slice cultures improve their usability as preclinical model for cancer research. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19961. [PMID: 31882946 PMCID: PMC6934722 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56509-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer research requires models closely resembling the tumor in the patient. Human tissue cultures can overcome interspecies limitations of animal models or the loss of tissue architecture in in vitro models. However, analysis of tissue slices is often limited to histology. Here, we demonstrate that slices are also suitable for whole transcriptome sequencing and present a method for automated histochemistry of whole slices. Tumor and peritumoral tissue from a patient with glioblastoma was processed to slice cultures, which were treated with standard therapy including temozolomide and X-irradiation. Then, RNA sequencing and automated histochemistry were performed. RNA sequencing was successfully accomplished with a sequencing depth of 243 to 368 x 106 reads per sample. Comparing tumor and peritumoral tissue, we identified 1888 genes significantly downregulated and 2382 genes upregulated in tumor. Treatment significantly downregulated 2017 genes, whereas 1399 genes were upregulated. Pathway analysis revealed changes in the expression profile of treated glioblastoma tissue pointing towards downregulated proliferation. This was confirmed by automated analysis of whole tissue slices stained for Ki67. In conclusion, we demonstrate that RNA sequencing of tissue slices is possible and that histochemical analysis of whole tissue slices can be automated which increases the usability of this preclinical model.
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25
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Kageyama K, Ozaki S, Sato T. Generation of a Liver Orthotopic Human Uveal Melanoma Xenograft Platform in Immunodeficient Mice. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 31762467 DOI: 10.3791/59941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, subcutaneously implanted patient-derived xenograft tumors or cultured human cell lines have been increasingly recognized as more representative models to study human cancers in immunodeficient mice than traditional established human cell lines in vitro. Recently, orthotopically implanted patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) models in mice have been developed to better replicate features of patient tumors. A liver orthotopic xenograft mouse model is expected to be a useful cancer research platform, providing insights into tumor biology and drug therapy. However, liver orthotopic tumor implantation is generally complicated. Here we describe our protocols for the orthotopic implantation of patient-derived liver-metastatic uveal melanoma tumors. We cultured human liver metastatic uveal melanoma cell lines into immunodeficient mice. The protocols can result in consistently high technical success rates using either a surgical orthotopic implantation technique with chunks of patient-derived uveal melanoma tumor or a needle injection technique with cultured human cell line. We also describe protocols for CT scanning to detect interior liver tumors and for re-implantation techniques using cryopreserved tumors to achieve re-engraftment. Together, these protocols provide a better platform for liver orthotopic tumor mouse models of liver metastatic uveal melanoma in translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Kageyama
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University
| | - Shinji Ozaki
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Kure Medical Cancer Center; Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University
| | - Takami Sato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University;
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26
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Chua V, Orloff M, Teh JL, Sugase T, Liao C, Purwin TJ, Lam BQ, Terai M, Ambrosini G, Carvajal RD, Schwartz G, Sato T, Aplin AE. Stromal fibroblast growth factor 2 reduces the efficacy of bromodomain inhibitors in uveal melanoma. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 11:emmm.201809081. [PMID: 30610113 PMCID: PMC6365926 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201809081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in transcriptional programs promote tumor development and progression and are targetable by bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) protein inhibitors. However, in a multi‐site clinical trial testing the novel BET inhibitor, PLX51107, in solid cancer patients, liver metastases of uveal melanoma (UM) patients progressed rapidly following treatment. Mechanisms of resistance to BET inhibitors in UM are unknown. We show that fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) rescued UM cells from growth inhibition by BET inhibitors, and FGF2 effects were reversible by FGF receptor (FGFR) inhibitors. BET inhibitors also increased FGFR protein expression in UM cell lines and in patient tumor samples. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) secrete FGF2, and HSC‐conditioned medium provided resistance of UM cells to BET inhibitors. PLX51107 was ineffective in vivo, but the combination of a FGFR inhibitor, AZD4547, and PLX51107 significantly suppressed the growth of xenograft UM tumors formed from subcutaneous inoculation of UM cells with HSCs and orthotopically in the liver. These results suggest that co‐targeting of FGFR signaling is required to increase the responses of metastatic UM to BET inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Chua
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marlana Orloff
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessica Lf Teh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Takahito Sugase
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Connie Liao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy J Purwin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bao Q Lam
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mizue Terai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Grazia Ambrosini
- The Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard D Carvajal
- The Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gary Schwartz
- The Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Takami Sato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew E Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA .,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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27
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Croce M, Ferrini S, Pfeffer U, Gangemi R. Targeted Therapy of Uveal Melanoma: Recent Failures and New Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E846. [PMID: 31216772 PMCID: PMC6628160 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Among Uveal Melanoma (UM) driver mutations, those involving GNAQ or GNA11 genes are the most frequent, while a minor fraction of tumors bears mutations in the PLCB4 or CYSLTR2 genes. Direct inhibition of constitutively active oncoproteins deriving from these mutations is still in its infancy in UM, whereas BRAFV600E-targeted therapy has obtained relevant results in cutaneous melanoma. However, UM driver mutations converge on common downstream signaling pathways such as PKC/MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and YAP/TAZ, which are presently considered as actionable targets. In addition, BAP1 loss, which characterizes UM metastatic progression, affects chromatin structure via histone H2A deubiquitylation that may be counteracted by histone deacetylase inhibitors. Encouraging results of preclinical studies targeting signaling molecules such as MAPK and PKC were unfortunately not confirmed in early clinical studies. Indeed, a general survey of all clinical trials applying new targeted and immune therapy to UM displayed disappointing results. This paper summarizes the most recent studies of UM-targeted therapies, analyzing the possible origins of failures. We also focus on hyperexpressed molecules involved in UM aggressiveness as potential new targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Croce
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | | | - Ulrich Pfeffer
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
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28
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Chua V, Orloff M, Teh JL, Sugase T, Liao C, Purwin TJ, Lam BQ, Terai M, Ambrosini G, Carvajal RD, Schwartz G, Sato T, Aplin AE. Stromal fibroblast growth factor 2 reduces the efficacy of bromodomain inhibitors in uveal melanoma. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 11:emmm.201809081. [PMID: 30610113 DOI: 10.1525/emmm.201809081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in transcriptional programs promote tumor development and progression and are targetable by bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) protein inhibitors. However, in a multi-site clinical trial testing the novel BET inhibitor, PLX51107, in solid cancer patients, liver metastases of uveal melanoma (UM) patients progressed rapidly following treatment. Mechanisms of resistance to BET inhibitors in UM are unknown. We show that fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) rescued UM cells from growth inhibition by BET inhibitors, and FGF2 effects were reversible by FGF receptor (FGFR) inhibitors. BET inhibitors also increased FGFR protein expression in UM cell lines and in patient tumor samples. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) secrete FGF2, and HSC-conditioned medium provided resistance of UM cells to BET inhibitors. PLX51107 was ineffective in vivo, but the combination of a FGFR inhibitor, AZD4547, and PLX51107 significantly suppressed the growth of xenograft UM tumors formed from subcutaneous inoculation of UM cells with HSCs and orthotopically in the liver. These results suggest that co-targeting of FGFR signaling is required to increase the responses of metastatic UM to BET inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Chua
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marlana Orloff
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessica Lf Teh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Takahito Sugase
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Connie Liao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy J Purwin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bao Q Lam
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mizue Terai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Grazia Ambrosini
- The Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard D Carvajal
- The Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gary Schwartz
- The Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Takami Sato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew E Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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29
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Roque-Lima B, Roque CCDTA, Begnami MD, Peresi P, Lima ENP, Mello CALD, Coimbra FJ, Chojniak R, Goss Santos T. Development of patient-derived orthotopic xenografts from metastatic colorectal cancer in nude mice. J Drug Target 2018; 27:943-949. [PMID: 30088428 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2018.1509983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Liver metastasis is the major cause of death for patients with colorectal cancer. Despite treatment with surgery and chemotherapy, patient outcomes are quite unfavourable. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new treatment strategies with the associated establishment of good animal models. Metastatic disease can be modelled using patient-derived orthotopic xenografts, which accurately replicate intra-tumoral heterogeneity so that various chemotherapeutic agents can be tested on individual tumours to aid in clinical decision-making. The objective of this study was to develop metastatic colorectal tumours in athymic nude mice by implanting fresh tumour fragments into mouse liver parenchyma. Metastatic tumours were successfully propagated in mice following transplantation from human patients, then serially implanted in second and third-generation mice. Morphologic and immunohistochemical characteristics indicate that xenografts recreate the tumour architecture and mismatch repair gene expression for MLH1, MSH2, MSH1, and PMS2. After tumour implantation during the first passage, the time of tumour growth decreased without loss of tumour identity. Post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disease was observed in one case. This pilot study was successful in establishing the institutional PDX preclinical platform to study new therapeutic strategies, disease progression biomarkers, and treatment responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Roque-Lima
- a International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center , São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | - Maria Dirlei Begnami
- b Department of Anatomic Pathology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Patricia Peresi
- b Department of Anatomic Pathology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center , São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Rubens Chojniak
- f Department of Imaging, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Tiago Goss Santos
- a International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center , São Paulo , Brazil
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30
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Slater K, Hoo PS, Buckley AM, Piulats JM, Villanueva A, Portela A, Kennedy BN. Evaluation of oncogenic cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2 as a therapeutic target for uveal melanoma. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2018; 37:335-345. [DOI: 10.1007/s10555-018-9751-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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31
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Lu D, Luo P, Zhang J, Ye Y, Wang Q, Li M, Zhou H, Xie M, Wang B. Patient-derived tumor xenografts of lung squamous cell carcinoma alter long non-coding RNA profile but not responsiveness to cisplatin. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:8589-8603. [PMID: 29805594 PMCID: PMC5950531 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), the second most common type of lung cancer, has received limited attention. Patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDTXs) are useful preclinical models to reproduce the diverse heterogeneity of cancer, but it is important to identify potential variations during their establishment. A total of 18 PDTXs were established from 37 the surgical specimens and 16 were serially passaged to third generation. Second- and third-generation xenografts had a faster growth rate in mice. The tumor implantation success rate was associated with poorer differentiation, larger tumor volume and higher expression of Ki-67. The xenografts largely retained histological and key immunophenotypic features (including p53, p63, cytokeratin5/6, and E-cadherin). However, increased Ki-67 expression was identified in partial xenografts. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and mRNA expression in third-generation xenografts differed from that of matched primary tumors. Gene Ontology and pathway analysis showed that mRNAs involved in cell cycle, and metabolism regulation were generally upregulated in xenografts, while those associated with immune responses were typically downregulated. Furthermore, the responses of xenografts to cisplatin were consistent with clinical outcome. In the present study, PDTXs of SCC were successfully established, and closely resembled their original tumor regarding their immunophenotype and response to cisplatin. Overall, PDTXS of LSCC altered the lncRNA profile and increased the proliferative activity of cancer cells, whilst retaining responsiveness to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Ju Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Ye
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Hangcheng Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Mingran Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Baolong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
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32
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Tsai KK, Bollin KB, Patel SP. Obstacles to improving outcomes in the treatment of uveal melanoma. Cancer 2018; 124:2693-2703. [PMID: 29579316 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The rate of advances in uveal melanoma has not kept pace with the rate of advances in cutaneous melanoma. Many patients lack access to or knowledge of specialty centers, and integrated multidisciplinary care between ophthalmology, radiation oncology, and medical oncology is far from the norm. This treatment isolation leads to limited communication about novel clinical trial opportunities. Clinical trials themselves are not widely available, and a lack of robust funding limits rapid and complete investigations. This review outlines the obstacles to success in uveal melanoma management and highlights strategies for overcoming these challenges. Cancer 2018;124:2693-2703. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy K Tsai
- Cutaneous Oncology, Hellen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Kathryn B Bollin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, California
| | - Sapna P Patel
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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