1
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Wang C, Zhou Z, He Y, Li J, Cao Y. Influences of TiO 2 nanoparticle and fipronil co-exposure on metabolite profiles in mouse intestines. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:1793-1803. [PMID: 39075329 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Food contaminates, such as insecticide, may influence the toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) to intestine. The present study investigated the combined toxicity of TiO2 NPs and fipronil to male mouse intestine. Juvenile mice (8 weeks) were orally exposed to 5.74 mg/kg TiO2 NPs, 2.5 mg/kg fipronil, or both, once a day, for 5 days. We found that both TiO2 NPs and fipronil induced some pathological changes in intestines, accompanying with defective autophagy, but these effects were not obviously enhanced after TiO2 NP and fipronil co-exposure. Fipronil promoted Ti accumulation but induced minimal impact on other trace elements in TiO2 NP-exposed intestines. Metabolomics data revealed that the exposure altered metabolite profiles in mouse intestines, and two KEGG pathways, namely, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism (mmu00053) and glutathione metabolism (mmu00480), were only statistically significantly changed after TiO2 NP and fipronil co-exposure. Five metabolites, including 2-deoxy-D-erythro-pentofuranose 5-phosphate, 5alpha-cholestanol, beta-D-glucopyranuronic acid, elaidic acid, and isopentadecanoic acid, and maltotriose, were more significantly up-regulated after the co-exposure, whereas trisaccharide and xylonolactone were only significantly down-regulated by the co-exposure. We concluded that fipronil had minimal impact to enhance the toxicity of TiO2 NPs to mouse intestines but altered metabolite profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canyang Wang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhengzheng Zhou
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Department of Hygiene Inspection & Quarantine Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yayu He
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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2
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Bays HE, Kulkarni A, German C, Satish P, Iluyomade A, Dudum R, Thakkar A, Rifai MA, Mehta A, Thobani A, Al-Saiegh Y, Nelson AJ, Sheth S, Toth PP. Ten things to know about ten cardiovascular disease risk factors - 2022. Am J Prev Cardiol 2022; 10:100342. [PMID: 35517870 PMCID: PMC9061634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2022.100342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The American Society for Preventive Cardiology (ASPC) "Ten things to know about ten cardiovascular disease risk factors - 2022" is a summary document regarding cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. This 2022 update provides summary tables of ten things to know about 10 CVD risk factors and builds upon the foundation of prior annual versions of "Ten things to know about ten cardiovascular disease risk factors" published since 2020. This 2022 version provides the perspective of ASPC members and includes updated sentinel references (i.e., applicable guidelines and select reviews) for each CVD risk factor section. The ten CVD risk factors include unhealthful dietary intake, physical inactivity, dyslipidemia, pre-diabetes/diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, considerations of select populations (older age, race/ethnicity, and sex differences), thrombosis (with smoking as a potential contributor to thrombosis), kidney dysfunction and genetics/familial hypercholesterolemia. Other CVD risk factors may be relevant, beyond the CVD risk factors discussed here. However, it is the intent of the ASPC "Ten things to know about ten cardiovascular disease risk factors - 2022" to provide a tabular overview of things to know about ten of the most common CVD risk factors applicable to preventive cardiology and provide ready access to applicable guidelines and sentinel reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold E Bays
- Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, Clinical Associate Professor, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 3288 Illinois Avenue, Louisville KY 40213
| | - Anandita Kulkarni
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, 200 Morris Street, Durham, NC, 27701
| | - Charles German
- University of Chicago, Section of Cardiology, 5841 South Maryland Ave, MC 6080, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Priyanka Satish
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, TX, USA 77030
| | - Adedapo Iluyomade
- Miami Cardiac & Vascular Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33176
| | - Ramzi Dudum
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Aarti Thakkar
- Osler Medicine Program, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore MD
| | | | - Anurag Mehta
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Aneesha Thobani
- Emory University School of Medicine | Department of Cardiology, 101 Woodruff Circle, WMB 2125, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Yousif Al-Saiegh
- Lankenau Medical Center – Mainline Health, Department of Cardiovascular Disease, 100 E Lancaster Ave, Wynnewood, PA 19096
| | - Adam J Nelson
- Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Cardiovascular Division, Baylor Scott and White Health Heart Hospital Baylor Plano, Plano, TX 75093
| | - Samip Sheth
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, 3900 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007
| | - Peter P. Toth
- CGH Medical Cener, Sterling, IL 61081
- Cicarrone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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3
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Bays HE, Taub PR, Epstein E, Michos ED, Ferraro RA, Bailey AL, Kelli HM, Ferdinand KC, Echols MR, Weintraub H, Bostrom J, Johnson HM, Hoppe KK, Shapiro MD, German CA, Virani SS, Hussain A, Ballantyne CM, Agha AM, Toth PP. Ten things to know about ten cardiovascular disease risk factors. Am J Prev Cardiol 2021; 5:100149. [PMID: 34327491 PMCID: PMC8315386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2021.100149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Given rapid advancements in medical science, it is often challenging for the busy clinician to remain up-to-date on the fundamental and multifaceted aspects of preventive cardiology and maintain awareness of the latest guidelines applicable to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. The "American Society for Preventive Cardiology (ASPC) Top Ten CVD Risk Factors 2021 Update" is a summary document (updated yearly) regarding CVD risk factors. This "ASPC Top Ten CVD Risk Factors 2021 Update" summary document reflects the perspective of the section authors regarding ten things to know about ten sentinel CVD risk factors. It also includes quick access to sentinel references (applicable guidelines and select reviews) for each CVD risk factor section. The ten CVD risk factors include unhealthful nutrition, physical inactivity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, high blood pressure, obesity, considerations of select populations (older age, race/ethnicity, and sex differences), thrombosis/smoking, kidney dysfunction and genetics/familial hypercholesterolemia. For the individual patient, other CVD risk factors may be relevant, beyond the CVD risk factors discussed here. However, it is the intent of the "ASPC Top Ten CVD Risk Factors 2021 Update" to provide a succinct overview of things to know about ten common CVD risk factors applicable to preventive cardiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold E. Bays
- Medical Director / President, Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, Louisville, KY USA
| | - Pam R. Taub
- University of California San Diego Health, San Diego, CA USA
| | | | - Erin D. Michos
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard A. Ferraro
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alison L. Bailey
- Chief, Cardiology, Centennial Heart at Parkridge, Chattanooga, TN USA
| | - Heval M. Kelli
- Northside Hospital Cardiovascular Institute, Lawrenceville, GA USA
| | - Keith C. Ferdinand
- Professor of Medicine, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Melvin R. Echols
- Assistant Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Morehouse School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Howard Weintraub
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, New York, NY USA
| | - John Bostrom
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, New York, NY USA
| | - Heather M. Johnson
- Christine E. Lynn Women's Health & Wellness Institute, Boca Raton Regional Hospital/Baptist Health South Florida, Clinical Affiliate Associate Professor, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL USA
| | - Kara K. Hoppe
- Assistant Professor, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI USA
| | - Michael D. Shapiro
- Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Charles A. German
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Salim S. Virani
- Section of Cardiology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Section of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Aliza Hussain
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Christie M. Ballantyne
- Department of Medicine and Center for Cardiometabolic Disease Prevention, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Ali M. Agha
- Department of Medicine and Center for Cardiometabolic Disease Prevention, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Peter P. Toth
- CGH Medical Center, Sterling, IL USA
- Cicarrone center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
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4
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Jarauta E, Bea-Sanz AM, Marco-Benedi V, Lamiquiz-Moneo I. Genetics of Hypercholesterolemia: Comparison Between Familial Hypercholesterolemia and Hypercholesterolemia Nonrelated to LDL Receptor. Front Genet 2020; 11:554931. [PMID: 33343620 PMCID: PMC7744656 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.554931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe hypercholesterolemia (HC) is defined as an elevation of total cholesterol (TC) due to the increase in LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) >95th percentile or 190 mg/dl. The high values of LDL-C, especially when it is maintained over time, is considered a risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), mostly expressed as ischemic heart disease (IHD). One of the best characterized forms of severe HC, familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), is caused by the presence of a major variant in one gene (LDLR, APOB, PCSK9, or ApoE), with an autosomal codominant pattern of inheritance, causing an extreme elevation of LDL-C and early IHD. Nevertheless, an important proportion of serious HC cases, denominated polygenic hypercholesterolemia (PH), may be attributed to the small additive effect of a number of single nucleotide variants (SNVs), located along the whole genome. The diagnosis, prevalence, and cardiovascular risk associated with PH has not been fully established at the moment. Cascade screening to detect a specific genetic defect is advised in all first- and second-degree relatives of subjects with FH. Conversely, in the rest of cases of HC, it is only advised to screen high values of LDL-C in first-degree relatives since there is not a consensus for the genetic diagnosis of PH. FH is associated with the highest cardiovascular risk, followed by PH and other forms of HC. Early detection and initiation of high-intensity lipid-lowering treatment is proposed in all subjects with severe HC for the primary prevention of ASCVD, with an objective of LDL-C <100 mg/dl or a decrease of at least 50%. A more aggressive reduction in LDL-C is necessary in HC subjects who associate personal history of ASCVD or other cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estíbaliz Jarauta
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Aragon (IIS Aragn), Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Psychiatry a Dermatology, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Ma Bea-Sanz
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Aragon (IIS Aragn), Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Marco-Benedi
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Aragon (IIS Aragn), Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Itziar Lamiquiz-Moneo
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Aragon (IIS Aragn), Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Psychiatry a Dermatology, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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5
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Shi S, Zhou Z, Liao JJ, Yang YH, Wu JS, Zheng S, He SS. The impact and distinction of 'lipid healthy but obese' and 'lipid abnormal but not obese' phenotypes on lumbar disc degeneration in Chinese. J Transl Med 2020; 18:211. [PMID: 32456662 PMCID: PMC7251844 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02382-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipid abnormality and obesity have been proposed to be associated with lumbar disc degeneration, but little is known about the effect of ‘lipid healthy but obese’ (LH-O) and ‘lipid abnormal but not obese’ (LA-NO) phenotypes on lumbar disc degeneration in Chinese. The study aims to determine the impact and distinction of LH-O and LA-NO phenotypes on lumbar disc degeneration in Chinese, and to identify the association of related factors with risk of lumbar disc degeneration. Methods A total of 678 individuals were included with lumbar magnetic resonance imaging, serum lipid levels and anthropometric measurements. Obesity was defined on the basis of body mass index or waist to hip ratio (WHR). Pfirrmann score and Weishaupt’s scale were utilized to assess the degree of disc degeneration and facet joint degeneration. Results The incidence of the LH-O and LA-NO phenotypes were 11.4% and 18.1%, respectively. LA-NO phenotype demonstrates a high incidence for disc degeneration (P < 0.05), while LH-O phenotype confers a severe disc degeneration grade (P < 0.05). No statistical difference in the percentage of severe facet joint degeneration grade in each group (P > 0.05). Elevated triglycerides and greater WHR may be the risk factors for lumbar disc degeneration in Chinese. Conclusion LH-O and LA-NO phenotypes are common with different status of disc degeneration in Chinese. Elevated triglycerides and abdominal obesity appear to play crucial roles in the development of lumbar disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China.,Spinal Pain Research Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China.,Spinal Pain Research Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Jun Liao
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou First People's Hospital, Nanchang University, Fuzhou, 344000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Hua Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510900, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Song Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Zheng
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shi-Sheng He
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China. .,Spinal Pain Research Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Bays HE. Ten things to know about ten cardiovascular disease risk factors ("ASPC Top Ten - 2020"). Am J Prev Cardiol 2020; 1:100003. [PMID: 34327447 PMCID: PMC8315360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2020.100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Preventive cardiology involves understanding and managing multiple cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Given the rapid advancements in medical science, it may be challenging for the busy clinician to remain up-to-date on the multifaceted and fundamental aspects of CVD prevention, and maintain awareness of the newest applicable guidelines. The "American Society for Preventive Cardiology (ASPC) Top Ten 2020" summarizes ten essential things to know about ten important CVD risk factors, listed in tabular formats. The ten CVD risk factors include unhealthful nutrition, physical inactivity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, high blood pressure, obesity, considerations of select populations (older age, race/ethnicity, and gender), thrombosis/smoking, kidney dysfunction and genetics/familial hypercholesterolemia. For the individual patient, other CVD risk factors may be relevant, beyond the CVD risk factors discussed here. However, it is the intent of the "ASPC Top Ten 2020" to provide a succinct overview of things to know about ten common CVD risk factors applicable to preventive cardiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold Edward Bays
- Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, 3288, Illinois Avenue, Louisville, KY, 40213, USA
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7
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Gelzo M, Di Taranto MD, Sica C, Boscia A, Papagni F, Fortunato G, Corso G, Dello Russo A. Age-related changes of cholestanol and lathosterol plasma concentrations: an explorative study. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:235. [PMID: 31888647 PMCID: PMC6937658 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1176-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) and Lathosterolosis represent two treatable inherited disorders of cholesterol metabolism that are characterized by the accumulation of cholestanol and lathosterol, respectively. The age of the patients suspected of having these disorders is highly variable due to the very different phenotypes. The early diagnosis of these disorders is important because specific therapeutic treatment could prevent the disease progression. The biochemical diagnosis of these defects is generally performed analyzing the sterol profile. Since age-related levels of these sterols are lacking, this study aims to determine a preliminary comparison of plasma levels of cholestanol and lathosterol among Italian unaffected newborns, children and healthy adults. METHODS The sterols were extracted from 130 plasma samples (24 newborns, 33 children and 73 adults) by a liquid-liquid separation method and quantified by gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector. RESULTS Cholesterol, cholestanol and lathosterol levels together with the cholestanol/cholesterol and lathosterol/cholesterol ratios are statistically different among the three groups. Cholesterol levels progressively increased from newborns to children and to adults, whereas cholestanol/cholesterol and cholestanol/lathosterol ratios progressively decreased from newborns to children and to adults. Lathosterol levels were higher in adults than in both newborns and children. In the total population a positive correlation was observed between cholesterol levels and both cholestanol (correlation coefficient = 0.290, p = 0.001) and lathosterol levels (correlation coefficient = 0.353, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Although this study can only be considered an explorative experience due to the low number of analyzed samples, we revealed several differences of plasma cholestanol and lathosterol levels and their ratios to cholesterol levels among newborns, children and adults. These evidences indicate the need of age-related reference values of cholestanol and lathosterol concentrations, including also newborns and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Gelzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Donata Di Taranto
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Concetta Sica
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Boscia
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Papagni
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana Fortunato
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Corso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale L. Pinto 1, 71122, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Antonio Dello Russo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
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8
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Gelzo M, Di Taranto MD, Sica C, Boscia A, Papagni F, Fortunato G, Corso G, Dello Russo A. Age-related changes of cholestanol and lathosterol plasma concentrations: an explorative study. Lipids Health Dis 2019. [PMID: 31888647 DOI: 10.1186/s12944‐019‐1176‐3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) and Lathosterolosis represent two treatable inherited disorders of cholesterol metabolism that are characterized by the accumulation of cholestanol and lathosterol, respectively. The age of the patients suspected of having these disorders is highly variable due to the very different phenotypes. The early diagnosis of these disorders is important because specific therapeutic treatment could prevent the disease progression. The biochemical diagnosis of these defects is generally performed analyzing the sterol profile. Since age-related levels of these sterols are lacking, this study aims to determine a preliminary comparison of plasma levels of cholestanol and lathosterol among Italian unaffected newborns, children and healthy adults. METHODS The sterols were extracted from 130 plasma samples (24 newborns, 33 children and 73 adults) by a liquid-liquid separation method and quantified by gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector. RESULTS Cholesterol, cholestanol and lathosterol levels together with the cholestanol/cholesterol and lathosterol/cholesterol ratios are statistically different among the three groups. Cholesterol levels progressively increased from newborns to children and to adults, whereas cholestanol/cholesterol and cholestanol/lathosterol ratios progressively decreased from newborns to children and to adults. Lathosterol levels were higher in adults than in both newborns and children. In the total population a positive correlation was observed between cholesterol levels and both cholestanol (correlation coefficient = 0.290, p = 0.001) and lathosterol levels (correlation coefficient = 0.353, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Although this study can only be considered an explorative experience due to the low number of analyzed samples, we revealed several differences of plasma cholestanol and lathosterol levels and their ratios to cholesterol levels among newborns, children and adults. These evidences indicate the need of age-related reference values of cholestanol and lathosterol concentrations, including also newborns and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Gelzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Donata Di Taranto
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Concetta Sica
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Boscia
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Papagni
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana Fortunato
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Corso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale L. Pinto 1, 71122, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Antonio Dello Russo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
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9
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Lütjohann D, Stellaard F, Björkhem I. Levels of 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol and/or 7alpha-hydroxy-4-cholest-3-one are the optimal biochemical markers for the evaluation of treatment of cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. J Neurol 2019; 267:572-573. [PMID: 31781930 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09650-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Frans Stellaard
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ingemar Björkhem
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Batais MA, Almigbal TH, Shaik NA, Alharbi FK, Alharbi KK, Ali Khan I. Screening of common genetic variants in the APOB gene related to familial hypercholesterolemia in a Saudi population: A case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14247. [PMID: 30681615 PMCID: PMC6358331 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a monogenic dominant inherited disorder of lipid metabolism characterized by elevated low-density lipoprotein levels, and is mainly attributable to mutations in low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), apolipoprotein B (APOB), and proportein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) genes. Next-generation and exome sequencing studies have primarily involved genome-wide association analyses, and meta-analyses and next-generation studies examined a few single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs151009667 and Val2095Glu) in the ApoB gene. The present study was conducted to investigate the association of APOB and patients with FH in a Saudi population.We genotyped 100 patients with FH and 100 controls for 2 polymorphisms in APOB using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, followed by 3% agarose gel electrophoresis. The strength of the association between the genotype and allele frequencies with the risk of developing FH was evaluated. Clinical details and genotype analysis results were recorded.For the rs151009667 polymorphism, 18% of the CT genotypes were observed only in patients with FH. There was a positive association between CT and CC (odds ratio [OR] 45.07 [95% conflict of interest (CI), 2.67-759.1]; P = .0001) and between T and C (OR 87.8 [95% CI, 5.34-144.2]; P < .0001). However, no Val2095Glu mutations were found in patients with FH or controls. There was also no correlation between clinical characteristics and the rs151009667 polymorphism.In conclusion, we confirmed the association between the rs151009667 polymorphism and FH in a Saudi population. The Val2095Glu novel variant did not appear in either patients with FH or controls. Similar studies should be performed in different ethnic populations to rule out the role of this polymorphism in FH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Turky H. Almigbal
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh
| | - Noor Ahmad Shaik
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah
| | | | - Khalid Khalaf Alharbi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Ali Khan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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