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Lei Y, Chen Y, Wang S, Lin Z, Han P, Tian D, Wang H, Liu M. L-lysine supplementation attenuates experimental autoimmune hepatitis in a chronic murine model. Exp Anim 2024; 73:83-92. [PMID: 37648521 PMCID: PMC10877156 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.23-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) has increased significantly worldwide. The present study aims to explore the protective effect of L-lysine supplementation against AIH and to investigate its potential underlying mechanisms. A chronic experimental AIH mouse model was established by repeated tail vein injection of human cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) plasmid. Starting from day 14 of the modeling, mice in the CYP2D6-AIH +L-lysine group were given 200 µl of purified water containing 10 mg/kg L-lysine by gavage until day27, once a day, and mice in the healthy control group and model group were given an equal volume of purified water by gavage. Our results showed that L-lysine supplementation partially reversed the liver injury mediated by CYP2D6 overexpression. These effects were consistent with the restraining impacts of L-lysine supplementation on decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines expression level and CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes infiltration, as well as curbing hepatic oxidative stress. Furthermore, L-lysine supplement relieved liver fibrosis in the context of AIH. In conclusion, L-lysine supplementation attenuates CYP2D6-induced immune liver injury in mice, which may serve as a novel nutrition support approach for AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Shuhui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhuoying Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shangrao People's Hospital, Shangrao 334000, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Ping Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Dean Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, P.R. China
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2
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Shi Z, Zhao X, Song F, Hou Z, Hao X, Guo J, Sun L, Feng H, Wu M, Xie P, Tan X, Chen G, Qi C, Zhang Y. Prenyllongnols A-D, New Prenylated Acylphloroglucinols that Fight Concanavalin A-Induced Autoimmune Hepatitis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:17801-17809. [PMID: 37944165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis is a serious hepatic disorder with unknown nosogenesis, and natural products have been deemed to be one of the most significant sources of new drugs against this disease. Prenyllongnols A-D (1-4), four undescribed prenylated acylphloroglucinols, were isolated from Hypericum longistylum. Compounds 1-4 exhibited remarkable immunosuppressive activities in murine splenocyte proliferation under the induction of concanavalin A (Con A), and IC50 values ranged from 2.98 ± 0.21 to 6.34 ± 0.72 μM. Furthermore, in a Con A-challenged autoimmune hepatitis mouse model, the mice in the group that were pretreated with isolate 2 significantly ameliorated liver injury and decreased proinflammatory cytokine production. Notably, natural product 2 was the first prenylated acylphloroglucinol to protect against concanavalin A-induced autoimmune hepatitis. This finding underscores the potential of prenylated acylphloroglucinol-type metabolites as promising candidates for designing novel immunosuppressors in the quest for new antiautoimmune hepatitis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyi Shi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiangli Zhao
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Fei Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhangrong Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xincai Hao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Medicinal Plants, College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Jieru Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, Hubei, China
| | - Lingjuan Sun
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hao Feng
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Peiling Xie
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaosheng Tan
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Changxing Qi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Chen Y, Lei Y, Wang H, Wang L, Xu J, Wang S, Yu M, Peng Z, Xiao F, Tian D, Liu M. Sophoricoside attenuates autoimmune‑mediated liver injury through the regulation of oxidative stress and the NF‑κB signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2023; 52:78. [PMID: 37477163 PMCID: PMC10555480 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2023.5281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is increasing, yet specific pharmacotherapies remain to be explored. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of sophoricoside (SOP), a bioactive component of medical herbs, on AIH and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Bioinformatic approaches were used to predict the potential targets and underlying regulatory mechanisms of SOP on AIH. The effects of SOP on AIH were evaluated by determining the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, histological liver injury and hepatic fibrosis in an improved chronic cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)‑AIH mouse model and in a model of concanavalin‑A (ConA)‑induced acute immune‑mediated liver injury. The antioxidant activity of SOP was detected in in vivo and in vitro experiments. The selected signal targeted by SOP in AIH was further confirmed using western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining. The results of bioinformatic analysis revealed that the targets of SOP in AIH were related to oxidative stress and the NF‑κB gene set. The NF‑κB transcription factor family is a key player that controls both innate and adaptive immunity. The activation of the NF‑κB signaling pathway is often associated with autoimmune disorders. In the animal experiments, SOP attenuated CYP2D6/ConA‑induced AIH, as evidenced by a significant reduction in the levels of hepatic enzymes in serum, inflammatory cytokine expression and histological lesions in the liver. The oxidative response in AIH was also significantly inhibited by SOP, as evidenced by a decrease in the levels of hepatic malondialdehyde, and elevations in the total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase levels. The results of the in vivo and in vitro experiments revealed that SOP significantly reduced the enhanced expression and nuclear translocation of phosphorylated p65 NF‑κB in the livers of mice with AIH and in lipopolysaccharide‑stimulated AML12 cells. On the whole, the present study demonstrates the protective role of SOP in AIH, which may be mediated by limiting the oxidative response and the activation of the NF‑κB signaling pathway in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yu Lei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Lijia Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxin Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Shuhui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Meiping Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Zhangqi Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Dean Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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Zhu J, Chen H, Cui J, Zhang X, Liu G. Oroxylin A inhibited autoimmune hepatitis-induced liver injury and shifted Treg/Th17 balance to Treg differentiation. Exp Anim 2023; 72:367-378. [PMID: 36927981 PMCID: PMC10435359 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.22-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a kind of autoimmune disease mediated by T cells, and its incidence is gradually increasing in the world. Oroxylin A (OA) is one of the major bioactive flavonoids that has been reported to inhibit inflammatory. Here, an AIH model of mouse was induced by Concanavalin A (Con A). It found that serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were decreased in mice with the treatment of OA. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the liver injury was attenuated by OA, and TUNEL staining indicated that the cells apoptosis of liver was weakened in mice with OA treatment. ELISA analysis of cytokines and chemokines suggested that OA reduced the expression of IL-6, IL-17A, chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) and CXCL10, but promoted the expression of IL-10 and TGF-β in mice. The mRNA levels of Il-17a in liver and spleen tissues were also significantly decreased, on the contrary, the mRNA levels of Il-10 in liver and spleen tissues were increased. The proportion of Treg/Th17 detected by flow cytometry revealed that OA promoted the differentiation of Treg and inhibited the differentiation of Th17 both in the liver and spleen. The results of this study demonstrated the inhibitory effects of OA on AIH-induced liver injury and the inflammatory response of AIH, and revealed that OA affected the balance of Treg/Th17 and shifted the balance toward Treg differentiation. It provided new potential drugs for the prevention of AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Zhu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 156 Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, P.R. China
| | - Hongxiu Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 156 Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, P.R. China
| | - Jianjiao Cui
- Spleen, Stomach and Hepatobiliary Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 19, Renmin Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorui Zhang
- Spleen, Stomach and Hepatobiliary Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 19, Renmin Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, P.R. China
| | - Guangwei Liu
- Spleen, Stomach and Hepatobiliary Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 19, Renmin Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, P.R. China
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5
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Zhao X, Fu C, Sun L, Feng H, Xie P, Wu M, Tan X, Chen G. New Insight into the Concanavalin A-Induced Apoptosis in Hepatocyte of an Animal Model: Possible Involvement of Caspase-Independent Pathway. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031312. [PMID: 36770978 PMCID: PMC9919242 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Concanavalin A (Con A) is known to be a T-cell mitogen and has been shown to induce hepatitis in mice through the triggering of conventional T cells and NKT cells. However, it remains unknown whether Con A itself can directly induce rapid hepatocyte death in the absence of a functional immune system. Here, by using an immunodeficient mouse model, we found Con A rapidly induced liver injury in vivo despite a lack of immunocyte involvement. We further observed in vitro that hepatocytes underwent a dose-dependent but caspase-independent apoptosis in response to Con A stimulation in vitro. Moreover, transcriptome RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that apoptosis pathways were activated in both our in vivo and in vitro models. We conclude that Con A can directly induce rapid but non-classical apoptosis in hepatocytes without the participation of immunocytes. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism of Con A-induced hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangli Zhao
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Cheng Fu
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lingjuan Sun
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hao Feng
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Peiling Xie
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaosheng Tan
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
- Correspondence: (X.T.); (G.C.)
| | - Gang Chen
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
- Correspondence: (X.T.); (G.C.)
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Top-Down Proteomics Detection of Potential Salivary Biomarkers for Autoimmune Liver Diseases Classification. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020959. [PMID: 36674470 PMCID: PMC9866740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) are autoimmune liver diseases characterized by chronic hepatic inflammation and progressive liver fibrosis. The possible use of saliva as a diagnostic tool has been explored in several oral and systemic diseases. The use of proteomics for personalized medicine is a rapidly emerging field. (2) Salivary proteomic data of 36 healthy controls (HCs), 36 AIH and 36 PBC patients, obtained by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry top-down pipeline, were analyzed by multiple Mann-Whitney test, Kendall correlation, Random Forest (RF) analysis and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA); (3) Mann-Whitney tests provided indications on the panel of differentially expressed salivary proteins and peptides, namely cystatin A, statherin, histatin 3, histatin 5 and histatin 6, which were elevated in AIH patients with respect to both HCs and PBC patients, while S100A12, S100A9 short, cystatin S1, S2, SN and C showed varied levels in PBC with respect to HCs and/or AIH patients. RF analysis evidenced a panel of salivary proteins/peptides able to classify with good accuracy PBC vs. HCs (83.3%), AIH vs. HCs (79.9%) and PBC vs. AIH (80.2%); (4) RF appears to be an attractive machine-learning tool suited for classification of AIH and PBC based on their different salivary proteomic profiles.
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Hu M, You Z, Li Y, Huang B, Cui N, Wang R, Wei Y, Li B, Liang J, Liu Q, Li Y, Wang H, Qian Q, Zhang J, Chen R, Lyu Z, Chen Y, Xiao X, Lian M, Tang R, Miao Q, Wang Q, Ma X. Serum Biomarkers for Autoimmune Hepatitis Type 1: the Case for CD48 and a Review of the Literature. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2022; 63:342-356. [PMID: 35657576 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-022-08935-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), the persisting inflammation contributes to fibrosis progression, for which conventional biochemical markers manifest relatively unsatisfactory prediction. Herein, we assessed the value of serum CD48 (sCD48) as an indicator for inflammation and fibrosis in AIH type 1. The levels of sCD48 were detected first in an exploratory cohort using ELISA. In this cohort, compared with healthy controls (4.90 ng/mL, P < 0.0001), primary biliary cholangitis (7.32 ng/mL, P < 0.0001), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (7.76 ng/mL, P < 0.0001), sCD48 levels were elevated in AIH (12.81 ng/mL) and correlated with histological inflammation and fibrosis. Further using multivariate logistic regression analysis, sCD48 was identified as an independent predictor for both significant inflammation (G3-4) and advanced fibrosis (S3-4). Two predictive scores, based on sCD48, were constructed for diagnosing significant inflammation and advanced fibrosis (sCD48-AIH-SI and sCD48-AIH-AF, respectively). Using these data as a premise, predictive abilities were subsequently evaluated and verified in a validation cohort. In the exploratory cohort, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of sCD48 and sCD48-AIH-SI, for significant inflammation, were 0.748 and 0.813, respectively. Besides, during treatment follow-up, sCD48 levels gradually decreased from immunosuppression initiation to re-evaluation biopsy, in parallel with aspartate transaminase, total sera IgG, and fibrosis-4 score. For AIH patients in a re-evaluation biopsy cohort, sCD48 could predict significant fibrosis (S2-4). Further using immunohistochemistry, hepatic CD48 expression was elevated in AIH patients and decreased after treatment. In conclusion, sCD48 and sCD48-based predictive scores predict histological inflammation and fibrosis in AIH-1. Detecting sCD48 might help in the clinical management of AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Hu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Zhengrui You
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - You Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Bingyuan Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Nana Cui
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Yiran Wei
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Bo Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Jubo Liang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Qiaoyan Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Yikang Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Hanxiao Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Qiwei Qian
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Ruiling Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Zhuwan Lyu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Min Lian
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Ruqi Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Qi Miao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China.
| | - Qixia Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China.
| | - Xiong Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China.
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8
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Du Y, Zhang W, Qiu H, Xiao C, Shi J, Reid LM, He Z. Mouse Models of Liver Parenchyma Injuries and Regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:903740. [PMID: 35721478 PMCID: PMC9198899 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.903740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice have genetic and physiological similarities with humans and a well-characterized genetic background that is easy to manipulate. Murine models have become the most favored, robust mammalian systems for experimental analyses of biological processes and disease conditions due to their low cost, rapid reproduction, a wealth of mouse strains with defined genetic conditions (both native ones as well as ones established experimentally), and high reproducibility with respect to that which can be done in experimental studies. In this review, we focus on murine models for liver, an organ with renown regenerative capacity and the organ most central to systemic, complex metabolic and physiological functions for mammalian hosts. Establishment of murine models has been achieved for all aspects of studies of normal liver, liver diseases, liver injuries, and regenerative repair mechanisms. We summarize key information on current mouse systems that partially model facets of clinical scenarios, particularly those associated with drug-induced acute or chronic liver injuries, dietary related, non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD), hepatitis virus infectious chronic liver diseases, and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). In addition, we also include mouse models that are suitable for studying liver cancers (e.g., hepatocellular carcinomas), the aging process (senescence, apoptosis), and various types of liver injuries and regenerative processes associated with them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Du
- Department of General Surgery, Ji’an Hospital, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Ji’an, China
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wencheng Zhang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Ji’an Hospital, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Ji’an, China
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Canjun Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Ji’an Hospital, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Ji’an, China
| | - Jun Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Ji’an Hospital, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Ji’an, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiying He, ; Lola M. Reid, , ; Jun Shi,
| | - Lola M. Reid
- Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, Program in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Zhiying He, ; Lola M. Reid, , ; Jun Shi,
| | - Zhiying He
- Department of General Surgery, Ji’an Hospital, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Ji’an, China
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiying He, ; Lola M. Reid, , ; Jun Shi,
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9
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Liu Y, Hao H, Hou T. Concanavalin A-induced autoimmune hepatitis model in mice: Mechanisms and future outlook. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:91-101. [PMID: 35291566 PMCID: PMC8886606 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The concanavalin A (Con A)-induced liver injury mouse model is a typical animal model focusing on T cell-dependent hepatic damage in the field of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). However, the underlying mechanism of hepatic dysfunction due to cell activation or signaling pathways triggered by Con A has not been fully clarified. Therefore, the controversy on this model remains in the academic community. In this article, we first summarized the merit and demerit of this contentious model from the perspectives of cell dysfunction, microcirculation disturbance, involved signaling pathways, as well as the properties of Con A. Then, we summed up the scientific implications of the model in elucidating the pathogenesis of AIH, and the shortcomings of this model were also summarized to elucidate the pathogenesis and application prospect of this classical liver injury mouse model in the study of AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine , Jinzhong , 030619 , PR China
- Basic Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine , Jinzhong , 030619 , PR China
| | - Huiqin Hao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine , Jinzhong , 030619 , PR China
- Basic Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine , Jinzhong , 030619 , PR China
| | - Tiezheng Hou
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine , Jinzhong , 030619 , PR China
- Basic Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine , Jinzhong , 030619 , PR China
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10
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Shen L, Yu Y, Jiang M, Zhao J. Alteration of the m 6A methylation landscape in a mouse model of scleroderma. Epigenomics 2021; 13:1867-1883. [PMID: 34791892 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2021-0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To explore the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation of mRNAs and its roles in a mouse model of scleroderma. Materials & methods: To evaluate whether the mouse model of scleroderma could meet the experimental requirements, we examined skin tissue specimens by pathological staining and identified the related indicators by quantitative PCR (qPCR). m6A-tagged mRNAs were identified via m6A epitranscriptomic microarray, and m6A-RNA-immunoprecipitation qPCR and qPCR were performed to confirm microarray data. Results: There were differences in m6A methylation among 843 mRNAs. Further, there were significant differences among Hras, Saa1, Ccl3, Ccl9 and Il1b in terms of methylation and expression. Conclusion: The m6A methylation spectrum in a mouse model of scleroderma may explain the occurrence of scleroderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Miao Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Jingjun Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
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11
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Boschetti E, Zilberstein G, Righetti PG. Combinatorial peptides: A library that continuously probes low-abundance proteins. Electrophoresis 2021; 43:355-369. [PMID: 34498305 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
After a decade of experimental applications, it is the objective of this review to make a point on combinatorial peptide ligand libraries dedicated to low-abundance proteins from animals to plants and to microorganism proteomics. It is, thus, at the light of the recent technical developments and applications that we will examine the state of the art, its usage within the scientific community, and its openness to unexplored fields. The improvements of the methodology and its implementation in connection with analytical determinations of combinatorial peptide ligand library (CPLL)-treated samples are extensively reviewed and commented upon. Relevant examples covering few critical aspects describe the performance of the technology. Finally, a reflection on the technological future is attempted in particular by involving new concepts adapted to the limited availability of certain biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pier Giorgio Righetti
- Department of Chemistry Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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12
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Giovanetti M, Benedetti F, Campisi G, Ciccozzi A, Fabris S, Ceccarelli G, Tambone V, Caruso A, Angeletti S, Zella D, Ciccozzi M. Evolution patterns of SARS-CoV-2: Snapshot on its genome variants. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 538:88-91. [PMID: 33199021 PMCID: PMC7836704 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An acute respiratory syndrome (COVID-19), caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) with a high rate of morbidity and elevate mortality, has emerged as one of the most important threats to humankind in the last centuries. Rigorous determination of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity is very difficult owing to the continuous evolution of the virus, with its single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variants and many lineages. However, it is urgently necessary to study the virus in depth, to understand the mechanism of its pathogenicity and virulence, and to develop effective therapeutic strategies. The present contribution summarizes in a succinct way the current knowledge on the evolutionary and structural features of the virus, with the aim of clarifying its mutational pattern and its possible role in the ongoing pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Giovanetti
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,Medical Statistic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, University of Biomedical Campus, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Benedetti
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, USA
| | - Giovanni Campisi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Microbiology, Universityof Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ciccozzi
- Medical Statistic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, University of Biomedical Campus, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Fabris
- Medical Statistic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, University of Biomedical Campus, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ceccarelli
- Dipartimento di Salute Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Policlinico Umberto I Università‘Sapienza’, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Arnaldo Caruso
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Microbiology, Universityof Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Angeletti
- Unit of Clinical Laboratory Science, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Zella
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Massimo Ciccozzi
- Medical Statistic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, University of Biomedical Campus, Rome, Italy,Corresponding author
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13
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Haftom M, Petrucka P, Gemechu K, Mamo H, Tsegay T, Amare E, Kahsay H, Gebremariam A. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Towards COVID-19 Pandemic Among Quarantined Adults in Tigrai Region, Ethiopia. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:3727-3737. [PMID: 33116693 PMCID: PMC7585797 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s275744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the onset of any novel condition, it is the “first” case identified that brings attention and sets into motion the machinery to respond – so it began with a first novel pneumonia case of unknown origin in Wuhan, China. Currently, the World Health Organization has declared SARS-CoV-2 (more commonly known as COVID-19) a public health emergency of international concern. It is projected that the path of COVID-19 could kill 50–80 million people and impacts the world’s economy in its devastating global sweep. The surge is increasing on global and national levels, causing rapid loss of life, joblessness, deterioration of the healthcare systems, and both national and global economies. In Ethiopia, the first COVID-19 case was reported in March. Since then, the government has been taking different measures to prevent its spread. Locking down all schools, declared social distancing and hand hygiene, and restricting large gatherings were some of the Ethiopian government’s actions. Objective To determine knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 pandemic among quarantined adults in Tigrai region, Ethiopia. Methods A total of 331 participants selected using a systematic random sampling method were included in the study. We used an interviewer-administered questionnaire. After describing the variables using frequencies, means, and standard deviations, multivariable logistic regression determined factors associated with knowledge and chi-squared tests for attitudes and practices towards COVID-19. Results The study participants were primarily males (70%) and mean age 30.5 (SD=11) years. The mean knowledge score was 8.73 (SD=2.64), with less than half 42.9% (95% CI: 37.5–48%) of the study participants were knowledgeable. Regarding the attitude questions, three-fourths of the participants believed that Ethiopia will control and win the battle against the COVID-19 pandemic. Nearly one-third of the participants replied that the Ethiopian government is handling this pandemic health crisis well. About half of the study participants reported that they had gone to crowded places in recent days, did not wear face mask when leaving home, and practiced preventive measures given by local health authorities. Knowledge score was statistically significantly associated with gender, age, and educational status of the study participants, whereas attitude and practices were significantly associated with educational status and knowledge of participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mekonnen Haftom
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Pammla Petrucka
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Kbrom Gemechu
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia.,Department of Psychiatric Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Haftamu Mamo
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia.,School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfay Tsegay
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Embay Amare
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Hayelom Kahsay
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Alem Gebremariam
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
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14
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Wang H, Feng X, Yan W, Tian D. Regulatory T Cells in Autoimmune Hepatitis: Unveiling Their Roles in Mouse Models and Patients. Front Immunol 2020; 11:575572. [PMID: 33117375 PMCID: PMC7575771 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.575572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a severe and chronic liver disease, and its incidence has increased worldwide in recent years. Research into the pathogenesis of AIH remains limited largely owing to the lack of suitable mouse models. The concanavalin A (ConA) mouse model is a typical and well-established model used to investigate T cell-dependent liver injury. However, ConA-induced hepatitis is acute and usually disappears after 48 h; thus, it does not mimic the pathogenesis of AIH in the human body. Several studies have explored various AIH mouse models, but as yet there is no widely accepted and valid mouse model for AIH. Immunosuppression is the standard clinical therapy for AIH, but patient side effects and recurrence limit its use. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play critical roles in the maintenance of immune homeostasis and in the prevention of autoimmune diseases, which may provide a potential therapeutic target for AIH therapy. However, the role of Tregs in AIH has not yet been clarified, partly because of difficulties in diagnosing AIH and in collecting patient samples. In this review, we discuss the studies related to Treg in various AIH mouse models and patients with AIH and provide some novel insights for this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinxia Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dean Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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