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Detterich J, Taylor MD, Slesnick TC, DiLorenzo M, Hlavacek A, Lam CZ, Sachdeva S, Lang SM, Campbell MJ, Gerardin J, Whitehead KK, Rathod RH, Cartoski M, Menon S, Trachtenberg F, Gongwer R, Newburger J, Goldberg C, Dorfman AL. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Determine Single Ventricle Function in a Pediatric Population is Feasible in a Large Trial Setting: Experience from the Single Ventricle Reconstruction Trial Longitudinal Follow up. Pediatr Cardiol 2023; 44:1454-1461. [PMID: 37405456 PMCID: PMC10435402 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-023-03216-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The Single Ventricle Reconstruction (SVR) Trial was a randomized prospective trial designed to determine survival advantage of the modified Blalock-Taussig-Thomas shunt (BTTS) vs the right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit (RVPAS) for patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. The primary aim of the long-term follow-up (SVRIII) was to determine the impact of shunt type on RV function. In this work, we describe the use of CMR in a large cohort follow up from the SVR Trial as a focused study of single ventricle function. The SVRIII protocol included short axis steady-state free precession imaging to assess single ventricle systolic function and flow quantification. There were 313 eligible SVRIII participants and 237 enrolled, ages ranging from 10 to 12.5 years. 177/237 (75%) participants underwent CMR. The most common reasons for not undergoing CMR exam were requirement for anesthesia (n = 14) or ICD/pacemaker (n = 11). A total of 168/177 (94%) CMR studies were diagnostic for RVEF. Median exam time was 54 [IQR 40-74] minutes, cine function exam time 20 [IQR 14-27] minutes, and flow quantification time 18 [IQR 12-25] minutes. There were 69/177 (39%) studies noted to have intra-thoracic artifacts, most common being susceptibility artifact from intra-thoracic metal. Not all artifacts resulted in non-diagnostic exams. These data describe the use and limitations of CMR for the assessment of cardiac function in a prospective trial setting in a grade-school-aged pediatric population with congenital heart disease. Many of the limitations are expected to decrease with the continued advancement of CMR technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Detterich
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and the University of Southern California, 4650 Sunset Blvd MS34, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA.
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, Heart Institute Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Timothy C Slesnick
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Sibley Heart Center Cardiology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael DiLorenzo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthony Hlavacek
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Christopher Z Lam
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Pediatric Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shagun Sachdeva
- The Lillie Frank Abercrombie Section of Cardiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sean M Lang
- Department of Pediatrics, Heart Institute Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Gerardin
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Wisconsin-Herma Heart Institute, Medical College of Wiscosin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Kevin K Whitehead
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rahul H Rathod
- Department of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark Cartoski
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Nemours Cardiac Center, Nemours Children's Hospital, Wilmington, DE,, USA
| | - Shaji Menon
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Primary Children's Hospital, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | - Jane Newburger
- Department of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caren Goldberg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Adam L Dorfman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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2
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Yoo SJ, Perens G, Nguyen KL, Yoshida T, Saprungruang A, Van Arsdell GS, Finn JP. Contemporary sequential segmental approach to congenital heart disease using four-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging with ferumoxytol: an illustrated editorial. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1107399. [PMID: 37469486 PMCID: PMC10352920 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1107399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The ferumoxytol-enhanced 4D MR angiography with MUSIC (Multiphase Steady State Imaging with Contrast) technique provides a single data set that captures dynamic cardiovascular anatomy and ventricular function at the same time. Homogeneous opacification of all cardiovascular structures within the imaging volume allows full sequential segmental approach to the congenital heart diseases without any blind spots. The complex systemic and pulmonary venous anatomy is particularly well captured in the MUSIC. Cinematographic display of multiplanar sectional and 3D volume images is helpful in the morphological identification of the cardiac chambers, the assessment of the dynamic nature of the ventricular outflow tracts, and the assessment of the coronary arterial origins and courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Joon Yoo
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory Perens
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Mattel Children's Hospital, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kim-Lien Nguyen
- Diagnostic Cardiovascular Imaging Section, Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Takegawa Yoshida
- Diagnostic Cardiovascular Imaging Section, Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ankavipar Saprungruang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Cardiac Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Glen S. Van Arsdell
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - J. Paul Finn
- Diagnostic Cardiovascular Imaging Section, Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Ferumoxytol-Enhanced Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Angiography and 4D Flow: Safety and Utility in Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Disease. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9121810. [PMID: 36553257 PMCID: PMC9777095 DOI: 10.3390/children9121810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and angiography have a crucial role in the diagnostic evaluation and follow up of pediatric and adult patients with congenital heart disease. Although much of the information required of advanced imaging studies can be provided by standard gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, the limitations of precise bolus timing, long scan duration, complex imaging protocols, and the need to image small structures limit more widespread use of this modality. Recent experience with off-label diagnostic use of ferumoxytol has helped to mitigate some of these barriers. Approved by the U.S. FDA for intravenous treatment of anemia, ferumoxytol is an ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle that has a long blood pool residence time and high relaxivity. Once metabolized by macrophages, the iron core is incorporated into the reticuloendothelial system. In this work, we aim to summarize the evolution of ferumoxytol-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging and angiography and highlight its many applications for congenital heart disease.
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Yoshida T, Chen JJ, Zhou B, Finn JP, Hu P, Nguyen KL. Ferumoxytol-enhanced 4D multiphase, steady-state imaging with magnetic resonance in congenital heart disease: ventricular volume and function across 2D and 3D software platforms. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2022; 12:4377-4389. [PMID: 36060580 PMCID: PMC9403575 DOI: 10.21037/qims-21-1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Quantitative ventricular volumetry and function are important in the management of congenital heart disease (CHD). Ferumoxytol-enhanced (FE) 4D multiphase, steady state imaging with contrast enhancement (MUSIC) enables high-resolution, 3D cardiac phase-resolved magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the beating heart and extracardiac vessels in a single acquisition and without concerns about renal impairment. We aim to evaluate the semi-automatic quantification of ventricular volumetry and function of 4D MUSIC MRI using 2D and 3D software platforms. Methods This HIPAA-compliant and IRB-approved study prospectively recruited 50 children with CHD (3 days to 18 years) who underwent 4D MUSIC MRI at 3.0T between 2013-2017 for clinical indications. Each patient was either intubated in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) or underwent general anesthesia at MRI suite. For 2D analysis, we reformatted MUSIC images in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format into ventricular short-axis slices with zero interslice gap. For 3D analysis, we imported DICOMs into a commercially available 3D software platform. Using semi-automatic thresholding, we quantified biventricular volume and ejection fraction (EF). We assessed the bias between MUSIC-derived 2D vs. 3D measurements and correlation between MUSIC vs. conventional 2D balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) cine images. We evaluated intra- and inter-observer agreement. Results There was a high degree of correlation between MUSIC-derived volumetric and functional measurements using 2D vs. 3D software (r=0.99, P<0.001). Volumes derived using 3D software platforms were larger than 2D by 0.2 to 2.0 mL/m2 whereas EF measurements were higher by 1.2-3.0%. MUSIC volumetric and functional measures derived from 2D and 3D software platforms corresponded highly with those derived from multi-slice SSFP cine images (r=0.99, P<0.001). The mean difference in volume for reformatted 4D MUSIC relative to bSSFP cine was 1.5 to 3.9 mL/m2. Intra- and inter-observer reliability was excellent. Conclusions Accurate and reliable ventricular volumetry and function can be derived from FE 4D MUSIC MRI studies using commercially available 2D and 3D software platforms. If fully validated in multicenter studies, the FE 4D-MUSIC pulse sequence may supercede conventional multislice 2D cine cardiovascular MRI acquisition protocols for functional evaluation of children with complex CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takegawa Yoshida
- Diagnostic Cardiovascular Imaging Research Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph J. Chen
- Diagnostic Cardiovascular Imaging Research Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles and Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bill Zhou
- Diagnostic Cardiovascular Imaging Research Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles and Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J. Paul Finn
- Diagnostic Cardiovascular Imaging Research Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Physics and Biology in Medicine Graduate Program at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peng Hu
- Diagnostic Cardiovascular Imaging Research Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Physics and Biology in Medicine Graduate Program at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kim-Lien Nguyen
- Diagnostic Cardiovascular Imaging Research Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles and Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Physics and Biology in Medicine Graduate Program at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Jalili MH, Yu T, Hassani C, Prosper AE, Finn JP, Bedayat A. Contrast-enhanced MR Angiography without Gadolinium-based Contrast Material: Clinical Applications Using Ferumoxytol. Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging 2022; 4:e210323. [PMID: 36059381 PMCID: PMC9434982 DOI: 10.1148/ryct.210323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Vascular imaging can be challenging because of the wide variability of contrast dynamics in different vascular territories and potential safety concerns in patients with renal insufficiency or allergies. Off-label diagnostic use of ferumoxytol, a superparamagnetic iron nanoparticle approved for therapy, is a promising alternative to gadolinium-based contrast agents for MR angiography (MRA). Ferumoxytol has exhibited a reassuring safety profile when used within the dose range recommended for diagnostic imaging. Because of its prolonged and stable intravascular residence, ferumoxytol can be used in its steady-state distribution for a wide variety of imaging indications, including some where conventional MRA is unreliable. In this article, authors discuss some of the major vascular applications of ferumoxytol and highlight how it may be used to provide highly diagnostic images and improve the quality, workflow, and reliability of vascular imaging. Keywords: MR Angiography, MRI Contrast Agent, Cardiac, Vascular © RSNA, 2022.
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Roy CW, Di Sopra L, Whitehead KK, Piccini D, Yerly J, Heerfordt J, Ghosh RM, Fogel MA, Stuber M. Free-running cardiac and respiratory motion-resolved 5D whole-heart coronary cardiovascular magnetic resonance angiography in pediatric cardiac patients using ferumoxytol. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2022; 24:39. [PMID: 35754040 PMCID: PMC9235103 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-022-00871-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary cardiovascular magnetic resonance angiography (CCMRA) of congenital heart disease (CHD) in pediatric patients requires accurate planning, adequate sequence parameter adjustments, lengthy scanning sessions, and significant involvement from highly trained personnel. Anesthesia and intubation are commonplace to minimize movements and control respiration in younger subjects. To address the above concerns and provide a single-click imaging solution, we applied our free-running framework for fully self-gated (SG) free-breathing 5D whole-heart CCMRA to CHD patients after ferumoxytol injection. We tested the hypothesis that spatial and motion resolution suffice to visualize coronary artery ostia in a cohort of CHD subjects, both for intubated and free-breathing acquisitions. METHODS In 18 pediatric CHD patients, non-electrocardiogram (ECG) triggered 5D free-running gradient echo CCMRA with whole-heart 1 mm3 isotropic spatial resolution was performed in seven minutes on a 1.5T CMR scanner. Eleven patients were anesthetized and intubated, while seven were breathing freely without anesthesia. All patients were slowly injected with ferumoxytol (4 mg/kg) over 15 minutes. Cardiac and respiratory motion-resolved 5D images were reconstructed with a fully SG approach. To evaluate the performance of motion resolution, visibility of coronary artery origins was assessed. Intubated and free-breathing patient sub-groups were compared for image quality using coronary artery length and conspicuity as well as lung-liver interface sharpness. RESULTS Data collection using the free-running framework was successful in all patients in less than 8 min; scan planning was very simple without the need for parameter adjustments, while no ECG lead placement and triggering was required. From the resulting SG 5D motion-resolved reconstructed images, coronary artery origins could be retrospectively extracted in 90% of the cases. These general findings applied to both intubated and free-breathing pediatric patients (no difference in terms of lung-liver interface sharpness), while image quality and coronary conspicuity between both cohorts was very similar. CONCLUSIONS A simple-to-use push-button framework for 5D whole-heart CCMRA was successfully employed in pediatric CHD patients with ferumoxytol injection. This approach, working without any external gating and for a wide range of heart rates and body sizes provided excellent definition of cardiac anatomy for both intubated and free-breathing patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W. Roy
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Rue de Bugnon 46, BH-8-84, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Di Sopra
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Rue de Bugnon 46, BH-8-84, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kevin K. Whitehead
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Davide Piccini
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Rue de Bugnon 46, BH-8-84, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare AG, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Yerly
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Rue de Bugnon 46, BH-8-84, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John Heerfordt
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Rue de Bugnon 46, BH-8-84, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare AG, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Reena M. Ghosh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Mark A. Fogel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Matthias Stuber
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Rue de Bugnon 46, BH-8-84, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Ramirez-Suarez KI, Tierradentro-García LO, Otero HJ, Rapp JB, White AM, Partington SL, Harris MA, Vatsky SA, Whitehead KK, Fogel MA, Biko DM. Optimizing neonatal cardiac imaging (magnetic resonance/computed tomography). Pediatr Radiol 2022; 52:661-675. [PMID: 34657169 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-021-05201-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CT perform an important role in the evaluation of neonates with congenital heart disease (CHD) when echocardiography is not sufficient for surgical planning or postoperative follow-up. Cardiac MRI and cardiac CT have complementary applications in the evaluation of cardiovascular disease in neonates. This review focuses on the indications and technical aspects of these modalities and special considerations for imaging neonates with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen I Ramirez-Suarez
- Roberts Center for Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 734 Schuylkill Ave, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA. .,Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Luis Octavio Tierradentro-García
- Roberts Center for Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 734 Schuylkill Ave, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA.,Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hansel J Otero
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jordan B Rapp
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ammie M White
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sara L Partington
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew A Harris
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Seth A Vatsky
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kevin K Whitehead
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark A Fogel
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David M Biko
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Perens G, Yoshida T, Finn JP. 4-Dimensional virtual reality model of Tetralogy of Fallot. PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ppedcard.2021.101453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Loke YH, Capuano F, Balaras E, Olivieri LJ. Computational Modeling of Right Ventricular Motion and Intracardiac Flow in Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2022; 13:41-54. [PMID: 34169460 PMCID: PMC8702579 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-021-00558-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with repaired Tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF) will develop dilation of the right ventricle (RV) from chronic pulmonary insufficiency and require pulmonary valve replacement (PVR). Cardiac MRI (cMRI) is used to guide therapy but has limitations in studying novel intracardiac flow parameters. This pilot study aimed to demonstrate feasibility of reconstructing RV motion and simulating intracardiac flow in rTOF patients, exclusively using conventional cMRI and an immersed-boundary method computational fluid dynamic (CFD) solver. METHODS Four rTOF patients and three normal controls underwent cMRI including 4D flow. 3D RV models were segmented from cMRI images. Feature-tracking software captured RV endocardial contours from cMRI long-axis and short-axis cine stacks. RV motion was reconstructed via diffeomorphic mapping (Deformetrica, deformetrica.org), serving as the domain boundary for CFD. Fully-resolved direct numerical simulations were performed over several cardiac cycles. Intracardiac vorticity, kinetic energy (KE) and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) was measured. For validation, RV motion was compared to manual tracings, results of KE were compared between CFD and 4D flow. RESULTS Diastolic vorticity and TKE in rTOF patients were 4.12 ± 2.42 mJ/L and 115 ± 27/s, compared to 2.96 ± 2.16 mJ/L and 78 ± 45/s in controls. There was good agreement between RV motion and manual tracings. The difference in diastolic KE between CFD and 4D flow by Bland-Altman analysis was - 0.89910 to 2 mJ/mL (95% limits of agreement: - 1.351 × 10-2 mJ/mL to 1.171 × 10-2 mJ/mL). CONCLUSION This CFD framework can produce intracardiac flow in rTOF patients. CFD has the potential for predicting the effects of PVR in rTOF patients and improve the clinical indications guided by cMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Hin Loke
- Division of Cardiology, Children's National Hospital, 111 Michigan Ave NW W3-200, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.
| | - Francesco Capuano
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80125, Naples, Italy
- Department of Mechanics, Mathematics and Management, Politecnico di Bari, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Elias Balaras
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Laura J Olivieri
- Division of Cardiology, Children's National Hospital, 111 Michigan Ave NW W3-200, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
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10
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Yekeler E, Krishnamurthy G, Smith CL, Escobar FA, Pinto E, Rapp JB, Otero HJ, White AM, Dori Y, Biko DM. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR lymphangiography: feasibility of using ferumoxytol in patients with chronic kidney disease. Eur Radiol 2022; 32:2564-2571. [PMID: 35001156 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-08448-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the feasibility of direct intra-lymphatic administration of diluted ferumoxytol as a T1-positive contrast agent for dynamic contrast-enhanced MR lymphangiography (DCMRL) imaging of the central lymphatics in children with renal disease. METHODS In vitro scan of dilute ferumoxytol was initially performed using time-resolved and high-resolution 3D gradient echo (GRE) sequences with short TE values (1 to 1.5 ms). A ferumoxytol concentration of 0.25 to 0.40 mg/mL was found to retain high signal in the T1-weighted sequences. DCMRL was then performed in 4 children with renal disease with the same 3D GRE sequences administrating diluted ferumoxytol via intra-mesenteric (IM), intra-hepatic (IH), and intra-nodal (IN) routes (6 to 9 mL to each site; average total dose of 0.75 mg/kg) by slow hand injection (0.5 to 1.0 mL/min). The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the lymphatics was measured for quantitative evaluation. RESULTS Ferumoxytol-enhanced DCMRL was technically successful in all patients. Contrast conspicuity within the lymphatics was sufficient without subtraction. The mean SNR was significantly higher than the muscle (50.1 ± 12.2 vs 13.2 ± 2.8; t = 15.9; p < .001). There were no short-term complications attributed to the administration of ferumoxytol in any of the four patients. CONCLUSION Magnetic resonance lymphangiography using ferumoxytol via IN, IH, and IM access is a new method to directly visualize the central lymphatic system and can be applied safely in patients with renal failure based on our preliminary report of four cases. Ferumoxytol-enhanced DCMRL shows diagnostic image quality by using 3D GRE sequences with short TE values and appropriate dilution of ferumoxytol. KEY POINTS • MR lymphangiography using ferumoxytol via intra-nodal, intra-hepatic, and intra-mesenteric access is a new method to directly visualize the central lymphatic system from the groin to the venous angle. • FDCMRL can be applied safely in patients with renal failure based on our preliminary report of four cases. • FDCMRL shows diagnostic image quality by using 3D GRE sequences with short TE values and appropriate dilution of the ferumoxytol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensar Yekeler
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Ganesh Krishnamurthy
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher L Smith
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fernando A Escobar
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erin Pinto
- Center for Lymphatic Imaging and Interventions, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jordan B Rapp
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hansel J Otero
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ammie M White
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yoav Dori
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David M Biko
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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11
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Engineering Perspective on Cardiovascular Simulations of Fontan Hemodynamics: Where Do We Stand with a Look Towards Clinical Application. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2021; 12:618-630. [PMID: 34114202 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-021-00541-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular simulations for patients with single ventricles undergoing the Fontan procedure can assess patient-specific hemodynamics, explore surgical advances, and develop personalized strategies for surgery and patient care. These simulations have not yet been broadly accepted as a routine clinical tool owing to a number of limitations. Numerous approaches have been explored to seek innovative solutions for improving methodologies and eliminating these limitations. PURPOSE This article first reviews the current state of cardiovascular simulations of Fontan hemodynamics. Then, it will discuss the technical progress of Fontan simulations with the emphasis of its clinical impact, noting that substantial improvements have been made in the considerations of patient-specific anatomy, flow, and blood rheology. The article concludes with insights into potential future directions involving clinical validation, uncertainty quantification, and computational efficiency. The advancements in these aspects could promote the clinical usage of Fontan simulations, facilitating its integration into routine clinical practice.
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12
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Nguyen KL, Ghosh RM, Griffin LM, Yoshida T, Bedayat A, Rigsby CK, Fogel MA, Whitehead KK, Hu P, Finn JP. Four-dimensional Multiphase Steady-State MRI with Ferumoxytol Enhancement: Early Multicenter Feasibility in Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease. Radiology 2021; 300:162-173. [PMID: 33876971 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2021203696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background The value of MRI in pediatric congenital heart disease (CHD) is well recognized; however, the requirement for expert oversight impedes its widespread use. Four-dimensional (4D) multiphase steady-state imaging with contrast enhancement (MUSIC) is a cardiovascular MRI technique that uses ferumoxytol and captures all anatomic features dynamically. Purpose To evaluate multicenter feasibility of 4D MUSIC MRI in pediatric CHD. Materials and Methods In this prospective study, participants with CHD underwent 4D MUSIC MRI at 3.0 T or 1.5 T between 2014 and 2020. From a pool of 460 total studies, an equal number of MRI studies from three sites (n = 60) was chosen for detailed analysis. With use of a five-point scale, the feasibility of 4D MUSIC was scored on the basis of artifacts, image quality, and diagnostic confidence for intracardiac and vascular connections (n = 780). Respiratory motion suppression was assessed by using the signal intensity profile. Bias between 4D MUSIC and two-dimensional (2D) cine imaging was evaluated by using Bland-Altman analysis; 4D MUSIC examination duration was compared with that of the local standard for CHD. Results A total of 206 participants with CHD underwent MRI at 3.0 T, and 254 participants underwent MRI at 1.5 T. Of the 60 MRI examinations chosen for analysis (20 per site; median participant age, 14.4 months [interquartile range, 2.3-49 months]; 33 female participants), 56 (93%) had good or excellent image quality scores across a spectrum of disease complexity (mean score ± standard deviation: 4.3 ± 0.6 for site 1, 4.9 ± 0.3 for site 2, and 4.6 ± 0.7 for site 3; P < .001). Artifact scores were inversely related to image quality (r = -0.88, P < .001) and respiratory motion suppression (P < .001, r = -0.45). Diagnostic confidence was high or definite in 730 of 780 (94%) intracardiac and vascular connections. The correlation between 4D MUSIC and 2D cine ventricular volumes and ejection fraction was high (range of r = 0.72-0.85; P < .001 for all). Compared with local standard MRI, 4D MUSIC reduced the image acquisition time (44 minutes ± 20 vs 12 minutes ± 3, respectively; P < .001). Conclusion Four-dimensional multiphase steady-state imaging with contrast enhancement MRI in pediatric congenital heart disease was feasible in a multicenter setting, shortened the examination time, and simplified the acquisition protocol, independently of disease complexity. Clinical trial registration no. NCT02752191 © RSNA, 2021 Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Roest and Lamb in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim-Lien Nguyen
- From the Diagnostic Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiological Sciences (K.L.N., T.Y., A.B., P.H., J.P.F.), and Division of Cardiology (K.L.N.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 300 Medical Plaza, B119, Los Angeles, CA 90095; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, Calif (K.L.N.); Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (R.M.G., M.A.F., K.K.W.); Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Ill (L.M.G., C.K.R.); and Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (L.M.G., C.K.R.)
| | - Reena M Ghosh
- From the Diagnostic Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiological Sciences (K.L.N., T.Y., A.B., P.H., J.P.F.), and Division of Cardiology (K.L.N.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 300 Medical Plaza, B119, Los Angeles, CA 90095; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, Calif (K.L.N.); Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (R.M.G., M.A.F., K.K.W.); Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Ill (L.M.G., C.K.R.); and Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (L.M.G., C.K.R.)
| | - Lindsay M Griffin
- From the Diagnostic Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiological Sciences (K.L.N., T.Y., A.B., P.H., J.P.F.), and Division of Cardiology (K.L.N.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 300 Medical Plaza, B119, Los Angeles, CA 90095; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, Calif (K.L.N.); Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (R.M.G., M.A.F., K.K.W.); Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Ill (L.M.G., C.K.R.); and Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (L.M.G., C.K.R.)
| | - Takegawa Yoshida
- From the Diagnostic Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiological Sciences (K.L.N., T.Y., A.B., P.H., J.P.F.), and Division of Cardiology (K.L.N.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 300 Medical Plaza, B119, Los Angeles, CA 90095; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, Calif (K.L.N.); Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (R.M.G., M.A.F., K.K.W.); Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Ill (L.M.G., C.K.R.); and Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (L.M.G., C.K.R.)
| | - Arash Bedayat
- From the Diagnostic Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiological Sciences (K.L.N., T.Y., A.B., P.H., J.P.F.), and Division of Cardiology (K.L.N.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 300 Medical Plaza, B119, Los Angeles, CA 90095; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, Calif (K.L.N.); Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (R.M.G., M.A.F., K.K.W.); Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Ill (L.M.G., C.K.R.); and Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (L.M.G., C.K.R.)
| | - Cynthia K Rigsby
- From the Diagnostic Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiological Sciences (K.L.N., T.Y., A.B., P.H., J.P.F.), and Division of Cardiology (K.L.N.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 300 Medical Plaza, B119, Los Angeles, CA 90095; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, Calif (K.L.N.); Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (R.M.G., M.A.F., K.K.W.); Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Ill (L.M.G., C.K.R.); and Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (L.M.G., C.K.R.)
| | - Mark A Fogel
- From the Diagnostic Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiological Sciences (K.L.N., T.Y., A.B., P.H., J.P.F.), and Division of Cardiology (K.L.N.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 300 Medical Plaza, B119, Los Angeles, CA 90095; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, Calif (K.L.N.); Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (R.M.G., M.A.F., K.K.W.); Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Ill (L.M.G., C.K.R.); and Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (L.M.G., C.K.R.)
| | - Kevin K Whitehead
- From the Diagnostic Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiological Sciences (K.L.N., T.Y., A.B., P.H., J.P.F.), and Division of Cardiology (K.L.N.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 300 Medical Plaza, B119, Los Angeles, CA 90095; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, Calif (K.L.N.); Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (R.M.G., M.A.F., K.K.W.); Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Ill (L.M.G., C.K.R.); and Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (L.M.G., C.K.R.)
| | - Peng Hu
- From the Diagnostic Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiological Sciences (K.L.N., T.Y., A.B., P.H., J.P.F.), and Division of Cardiology (K.L.N.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 300 Medical Plaza, B119, Los Angeles, CA 90095; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, Calif (K.L.N.); Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (R.M.G., M.A.F., K.K.W.); Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Ill (L.M.G., C.K.R.); and Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (L.M.G., C.K.R.)
| | - J Paul Finn
- From the Diagnostic Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiological Sciences (K.L.N., T.Y., A.B., P.H., J.P.F.), and Division of Cardiology (K.L.N.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 300 Medical Plaza, B119, Los Angeles, CA 90095; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, Calif (K.L.N.); Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (R.M.G., M.A.F., K.K.W.); Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Ill (L.M.G., C.K.R.); and Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (L.M.G., C.K.R.)
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Wilson S, Culp WTN, Wisner ER, Cissell DD, Finn JP, Zwingenberger AL. Ferumoxytol-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography provides comparable vascular conspicuity to CT angiography in dogs with intrahepatic portosystemic shunts. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2021; 62:463-470. [PMID: 33634935 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is currently the gold standard imaging modality for anatomically characterizing canine hepatic vascular anomalies; with conventional, gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography being less frequently utilized. However, both imaging modalities are limited by a brief, first pass peak of contrast medium in the vasculature that necessitates precisely timed image acquisition. A long-acting purely intravascular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, ferumoxytol, offers the potential to reduce complexity of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) protocol planning by ensuring diagnostic contrast medium concentration in all the vessels that are targeted for imaging. Aims of this prospective, pilot, methods comparison study were to develop an optimized MRA protocol using ferumoxytol in dogs with hepatic vascular anomalies, perform a dose escalation trial to compare image quality with four-dose regimens of ferumoxytol, and compare accuracy of vascular anatomic depiction based on the gold standard of CTA. Six dogs (10.7-36.1 kg) with portosystemic shunts (four intrahepatic left divisional shunts and two intrahepatic right divisional shunts) were recruited for inclusion in the study. A dose-escalation trial was performed to compare image quality at four incremental dose levels of ferumoxytol (1, 2, 3, and 4 mg/kg) and to compare the accuracy of vascular anatomic detection to CTA. Ferumoxytol contrast-enhanced MRA (CE-MRA) at 4 mg/kg provided similar conspicuity of normal and abnormal vasculature compared to CTA with a minimal decrease in spatial resolution. Findings indicated that ferumoxytol holds promise for comprehensive, single breath hold CE-MRA of all abdominal vessels in dogs with portosystemic shunts. Background information provided in this study can be used to support development of other future applications such as intracranial and cardiac MRA, real-time imaging, flow quantification, and potentially sedated MRI imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Wilson
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - William T N Culp
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Erik R Wisner
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Derek D Cissell
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - J Paul Finn
- Diagnostic Cardiovascular Imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Allison L Zwingenberger
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
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14
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Geiger J, Callaghan FM, Burkhardt BEU, Valsangiacomo Buechel ER, Kellenberger CJ. Additional value and new insights by four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging in congenital heart disease: application in neonates and young children. Pediatr Radiol 2021; 51:1503-1517. [PMID: 33313980 PMCID: PMC8266722 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-020-04885-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular MRI has become an essential imaging modality in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) in the last 15-20 years. With use of appropriate sequences, it provides important information on cardiovascular anatomy, blood flow and function for initial diagnosis and post-surgical or -interventional monitoring in children. Although considered as more sophisticated and challenging than CT, in particular in neonates and infants, MRI is able to provide information on intra- and extracardiac haemodynamics, in contrast to CT. In recent years, four-dimensional (4-D) flow MRI has emerged as an additional MR technique for retrospective assessment and visualisation of blood flow within the heart and any vessel of interest within the acquired three-dimensional (3-D) volume. Its application in young children requires special adaptations for the smaller vessel size and faster heart rate compared to adolescents or adults. In this article, we provide an overview of 4-D flow MRI in various types of complex CHD in neonates and infants to demonstrate its potential indications and beneficial application for optimised individual cardiovascular assessment. We focus on its application in clinical routine cardiovascular workup and, in addition, show some examples with pathologies other than CHD to highlight that 4-D flow MRI yields new insights in disease understanding and therapy planning. We shortly review the essentials of 4-D flow data acquisition, pre- and post-processing techniques in neonates, infants and young children. Finally, we conclude with some details on accuracy, limitations and pitfalls of the technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Geiger
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Steinwiesstr 75, 8032, Zürich, Switzerland. .,Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Fraser M. Callaghan
- Children’s Research Centre, University Children’s Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland ,Center for MR research, University Children’s Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara E. U. Burkhardt
- Children’s Research Centre, University Children’s Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland ,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Emanuela R. Valsangiacomo Buechel
- Children’s Research Centre, University Children’s Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland ,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian J. Kellenberger
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children’s Hospital Zürich, Steinwiesstr 75, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland ,Children’s Research Centre, University Children’s Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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15
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Pediatric Cardiac CT and MRI: Considerations for the General Radiologist. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2020; 215:1464-1473. [PMID: 33084361 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.19.22745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Perens G, Chyu J, McHenry K, Yoshida T, Finn JP. Three-Dimensional Congenital Heart Models Created With Free Software and a Desktop Printer: Assessment of Accuracy, Technical Aspects, and Clinical Use. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg 2020; 11:797-801. [PMID: 33164685 DOI: 10.1177/2150135120952072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three-dimensional printing is increasingly recognized as a valuable tool for congenital heart disease (CHD) procedural planning and education. Cost and complexity currently limit the more widespread adoption of this technology. We sought to demonstrate the accuracy of 3D printed CHD models created from contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans using free software and an inexpensive desktop fused filament fabrication (FFF) printer. METHODS Solid segmentations of the intracardiac blood pool were created with the program ITK-SNAP. Using the computer program Meshmixer, the segmentation model was hollowed to create a 0.8 mm shell with the inner surface representing endocardium. Three-dimensional models were created on an FFF printer. Four arteries and a ventricular septal defect (VSD) were 3D printed and measured for accuracy. Five models were used to assess candidacy for biventricular surgical repair and one to guide an interventional catheterization. RESULTS All six patients underwent intervention planned with the 3D models. The computer model shell walls all achieved specifications within 0.05 mm of the designated 0.8 mm thickness and the original solid blood pool segmentation fit within the hollowed 3D model. The 3D printed arteries and VSD all measured accurately to within 0.5 mm of their source computer model. CONCLUSION Accurate 3D printed models of complex, pediatric CHD may be created from volumetric MRI and CT studies using free online software and printed on an inexpensive desktop printer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Perens
- 21785UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Children's Heart Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Justin Chyu
- 21785UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Children's Heart Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kevin McHenry
- 21785UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Children's Heart Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Takegawa Yoshida
- Diagnostic Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, 12222David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Paul Finn
- Diagnostic Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, 12222David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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17
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Leiner T, Bogaert J, Friedrich MG, Mohiaddin R, Muthurangu V, Myerson S, Powell AJ, Raman SV, Pennell DJ. SCMR Position Paper (2020) on clinical indications for cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2020; 22:76. [PMID: 33161900 PMCID: PMC7649060 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-020-00682-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) last published its comprehensive expert panel report of clinical indications for CMR in 2004. This new Consensus Panel report brings those indications up to date for 2020 and includes the very substantial increase in scanning techniques, clinical applicability and adoption of CMR worldwide. We have used a nearly identical grading system for indications as in 2004 to ensure comparability with the previous report but have added the presence of randomized controlled trials as evidence for level 1 indications. In addition to the text, tables of the consensus indication levels are included for rapid assimilation and illustrative figures of some key techniques are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Leiner
- Department of Radiology, E.01.132, Utrecht University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan Bogaert
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Catholic University Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthias G Friedrich
- Departments of Medicine and Diagnostic Radiology, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Raad Mohiaddin
- Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, Chelsea, London, SW3 6NP, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Vivek Muthurangu
- Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging, Science & Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, UCL Institute of Cardiovascular, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Saul Myerson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Andrew J Powell
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Farley, 2nd Floor, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Farley, 2nd Floor, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Subha V Raman
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 340 West 10th Street, Fairbanks Hall, Suite 6200, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-3082, USA
| | - Dudley J Pennell
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, Chelsea, London, SW3 6NP, UK
- Imperial College, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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Abstract
Classification of heart failure is based on the left ventricular ejection fraction (EF): preserved EF, midrange EF, and reduced EF. There remains an unmet need for further heart failure phenotyping of ventricular structure-function relationships. Because of high spatiotemporal resolution, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) remains the reference modality for quantification of ventricular contractile function. The authors aim to highlight novel frameworks, including theranostic use of ferumoxytol, to enable more efficient evaluation of ventricular function in heart failure patients who are also frequently anemic, and to discuss emerging quantitative CMR approaches for evaluation of ventricular structure-function relationships in heart failure.
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Ibe DO, Rapp JB, Whitehead KK, Otero HJ, Smith CL, Fogel MA, Biko DM. Pearls and Pitfalls in Pediatric Fontan Operation Imaging. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2020; 41:442-450. [PMID: 32980091 DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The Fontan operation or the total cavopulmonary connection is a palliative surgery for single ventricle congenital heart disease where the systemic venous return circumvents a pumping chamber and flows directly into the pulmonary circuit. With surgical and medical advances, there has been improvement in life expectancy of these patients, however, it has also resulted in unique complications from the physiology that requires diligent surveillance. A critical component relies on optimal imaging for diagnosis and treatment of these complications. This article describes the normal anatomy of the Fontan circulation, current imaging modalities and techniques, and frequently encountered complications seen when imaging the patients who have undergone Fontan palliation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald O Ibe
- Department of Radiology, Silhouette Diagnostic Consultants, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Jordan B Rapp
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kevin K Whitehead
- Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hansel J Otero
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Christopher L Smith
- Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mark A Fogel
- Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - David M Biko
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.
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Pennig L, Wagner A, Weiss K, Lennartz S, Grunz JP, Maintz D, Laukamp KR, Hickethier T, Naehle CP, Bunck AC, Doerner J. Imaging of the pulmonary vasculature in congenital heart disease without gadolinium contrast: Intraindividual comparison of a novel Compressed SENSE accelerated 3D modified REACT with 4D contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2020; 22:8. [PMID: 31969137 PMCID: PMC6977250 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-019-0591-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with Congenital heart disease (CHD) require repetitive imaging of the pulmonary vasculature throughout their life. In this study, we compared a novel Compressed SENSE accelerated (factor 9) electrocardiogram (ECG)- and respiratory-triggered 3D modified Relaxation-Enhanced Angiography without Contrast and Triggering (modified REACT-non-contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (modified REACT-non-CE-MRA)) with standard non-ECG-triggered time-resolved 4D CE-MRA for imaging of the pulmonary arteries and veins in patients with CHD. METHODS This retrospective analysis of 25 patients (June 2018-April 2019) with known or suspected CHD was independently conducted by two radiologists executing measurements on modified REACT-non-CE-MRA and 4D CE-MRA on seven dedicated points (inner edge): Main pulmonary artery (MPA), right and left pulmonary artery, right superior and inferior pulmonary vein, left superior (LSPV) and inferior pulmonary vein. Image quality for arteries and veins was evaluated on a four-point scale in consensus. RESULTS Twenty-three of the 25 included patients presented a CHD. There was a high interobserver agreement for both methods of imaging at the pulmonary arteries (ICC ≥ 0.96); at the pulmonary veins, modified REACT-non-CE-MRA showed a slightly higher agreement, pronounced at LSPV (ICC 0.946 vs. 0.895). Measurements in 4D CE-MRA showed higher diameter values compared to modified REACT-non-CE-MRA, at the pulmonary arteries reaching significant difference (e.g. MPA: mean 0.408 mm, p = 0.002). Modified REACT-non-CE-MRA (average acquisition time 07:01 ± 02:44 min) showed significant better image quality than 4D CE-MRA at the pulmonary arteries (3.84 vs. 3.32, p < 0.001) and veins (3.32 vs. 2.72, p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS Compressed SENSE accelerated (factor 9) ECG- and respiratory-triggered 3D modified REACT-non-CE-MRA allows for reliable and fast imaging of the pulmonary arteries and veins with higher image quality and slightly higher interobserver agreement than 4D CE-MRA without contrast agent and associated disadvantages. Therefore, it represents a clinically suitable technique for patients requiring repetitive imaging of the pulmonary vasculature, e.g. patients with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenhard Pennig
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Anton Wagner
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Simon Lennartz
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Else Kröner Forschungskolleg Clonal Evolution in Cancer, University Hospital Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan-Peter Grunz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Straße 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Maintz
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Kai Roman Laukamp
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Tilman Hickethier
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Claas Philip Naehle
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Christian Bunck
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jonas Doerner
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
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21
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de Lange C. Imaging of complications following Fontan circulation in children - diagnosis and surveillance. Pediatr Radiol 2020; 50:1333-1348. [PMID: 32468285 PMCID: PMC7445207 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-020-04682-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The Fontan operation is performed for various cardiac lesions with single-ventricle physiology. The survival rate of Fontan patients is increasing for adolescents and young adults, with an expected 30-year survival of >80%. Medical health care providers including specialists in organ systems and pediatric radiologists need to improve their knowledge about the Fontan circulation and the various organ complications to monitor care. In this review the author explains the basic anatomical and functional features of Fontan palliation and gives an overview of the multiple long-term organ complications that might present in the pediatric population. These include decreased physical capacity, ventricular dysfunction, atrioventricular valve regurgitation and arrhythmia, as well as protein-losing enteropathy, plastic bronchitis, growth/bone composition disturbances, renal dysfunction, and the recently recognized and important liver fibrosis (Fontan-associated liver disease). Neuropsychological and behavioral deficits occur frequently. This review focuses on the key role of radiology in making the diagnosis of these complications, monitoring therapy and predicting outcomes in the pediatric age group. The author discusses how and when radiology is important in Fontan patients, as well as how new techniques enabling quantitative measures in imaging with US, MRI and CT are adapted for pediatric use, and how they contribute to urgently needed surveillance strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte de Lange
- Department of Radiology and Clinical Physiology, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Rondv.10, S-41516, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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22
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Manning WJ. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance: 2017/2018 in review. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2019; 21:79. [PMID: 31884956 PMCID: PMC6936125 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-019-0594-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There were 89 articles published in the Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (JCMR) in 2017, including 76 original research papers, 4 reviews, 5 technical notes, 1 guideline, and 3 corrections. The volume was down slightly from 2017 with a corresponding 15% decrease in manuscript submissions from 405 to 346 and thus reflects a slight increase in the acceptance rate from 25 to 26%. The decrease in submissions for the year followed the initiation of the increased author processing charge (APC) for Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) members for manuscripts submitted after June 30, 2018. The quality of the submissions continues to be high. The 2018 JCMR Impact Factor (which is published in June 2019) was slightly lower at 5.1 (vs. 5.46 for 2017; as published in June 2018. The 2018 impact factor means that on average, each JCMR published in 2016 and 2017 was cited 5.1 times in 2018. Our 5 year impact factor was 5.82.In accordance with Open-Access publishing guidelines of BMC, the JCMR articles are published on-line in a continuus fashion in the chronologic order of acceptance, with no collating of the articles into sections or special thematic issues. For this reason, over the years, the Editors have felt that it is useful for the JCMR audience to annually summarize the publications into broad areas of interest or themes, so that readers can view areas of interest in a single article in relation to each other and contemporaneous JCMR publications. In this publication, the manuscripts are presented in broad themes and set in context with related literature and previously published JCMR papers to guide continuity of thought within the journal. In addition, as in the past two years, I have used this publication to also convey information regarding the editorial process and as a "State of our JCMR."This is the 12th year of JCMR as an open-access publication with BMC (formerly known as Biomed Central). The timing of the JCMR transition to the open access platform was "ahead of the curve" and a tribute to the vision of Dr. Matthias Friedrich, the SCMR Publications Committee Chair and Dr. Dudley Pennell, the JCMR editor-in-chief at the time. The open-access system has dramatically increased the reading and citation of JCMR publications and I hope that you, our authors, will continue to send your very best, high quality manuscripts to JCMR for consideration. It takes a village to run a journal and I thank our very dedicated Associate Editors, Guest Editors, Reviewers for their efforts to ensure that the review process occurs in a timely and responsible manner. These efforts have allowed the JCMR to continue as the premier journal of our field. This entire process would also not be possible without the dedication and efforts of our managing editor, Diana Gethers. Finally, I thank you for entrusting me with the editorship of the JCMR as I begin my 4th year as your editor-in-chief. It has been a tremendous experience for me and the opportunity to review manuscripts that reflect the best in our field remains a great joy and highlight of my week!
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren J Manning
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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23
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Manning WJ. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2017. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2018; 20:89. [PMID: 30593280 PMCID: PMC6309095 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-018-0518-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There were 106 articles published in the Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (JCMR) in 2017, including 92 original research papers, 3 reviews, 9 technical notes, and 1 Position paper, 1 erratum and 1 correction. The volume was similar to 2016 despite an increase in manuscript submissions to 405 and thus reflects a slight decrease in the acceptance rate to 26.7%. The quality of the submissions continues to be high. The 2017 JCMR Impact Factor (which is published in June 2018) was minimally lower at 5.46 (vs. 5.71 for 2016; as published in June 2017), which is the second highest impact factor ever recorded for JCMR. The 2017 impact factor means that an average, each JCMR paper that were published in 2015 and 2016 was cited 5.46 times in 2017.In accordance with Open-Access publishing of Biomed Central, the JCMR articles are published on-line in continuus fashion and in the chronologic order of acceptance, with no collating of the articles into sections or special thematic issues. For this reason, over the years, the Editors have felt that it is useful to annually summarize the publications into broad areas of interest or theme, so that readers can view areas of interest in a single article in relation to each other and other contemporary JCMR articles. In this publication, the manuscripts are presented in broad themes and set in context with related literature and previously published JCMR papers to guide continuity of thought within the journal. In addition, I have elected to use this format to convey information regarding the editorial process to the readership.I hope that you find the open-access system increases wider reading and citation of your papers, and that you will continue to send your very best, high quality manuscripts to JCMR for consideration. I thank our very dedicated Associate Editors, Guest Editors, and Reviewers for their efforts to ensure that the review process occurs in a timely and responsible manner and that the JCMR continues to be recognized as the forefront journal of our field. And finally, I thank you for entrusting me with the editorship of the JCMR as I begin my 3rd year as your editor-in-chief. It has been a tremendous learning experience for me and the opportunity to review manuscripts that reflect the best in our field remains a great joy and highlight of my week!
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren J Manning
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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24
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Iv M, Choudhri O, Dodd RL, Vasanawala SS, Alley MT, Moseley M, Holdsworth SJ, Grant G, Cheshier S, Yeom KW. High-resolution 3D volumetric contrast-enhanced MR angiography with a blood pool agent (ferumoxytol) for diagnostic evaluation of pediatric brain arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2018; 22:251-260. [PMID: 29882734 DOI: 10.3171/2018.3.peds17723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) often require repeat imaging with MRI or MR angiography (MRA), CT angiography (CTA), and digital subtraction angiography (DSA). The ideal imaging modality provides excellent vascular visualization without incurring added risks, such as radiation exposure. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of ferumoxytol-enhanced MRA using a high-resolution 3D volumetric sequence (fe-SPGR) for visualizing and grading pediatric brain AVMs in comparison with CTA and DSA, which is the current imaging gold standard. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, 21 patients with AVMs evaluated by fe-SPGR, CTA, and DSA between April 2014 and August 2017 were included. Two experienced raters graded AVMs using Spetzler-Martin criteria on all imaging studies. Lesion conspicuity (LC) and diagnostic confidence (DC) were assessed using a 5-point Likert scale, and interrater agreement was determined. The Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to assess the raters' grades and scores of LC and DC, with subsequent post hoc pairwise comparisons to assess for statistically significant differences between pairs of groups at p < 0.05. RESULTS Assigned Spetzler-Martin grades for AVMs on DSA, fe-SPGR, and CTA were not significantly different (p = 0.991). LC and DC scores were higher with fe-SPGR than with CTA (p < 0.05). A significant difference in LC scores was found between CTA and fe-SPGR (p < 0.001) and CTA and DSA (p < 0.001) but not between fe-SPGR and DSA (p = 0.146). A significant difference in DC scores was found among DSA, fe-SPGR, and CTA (p < 0.001) and between all pairs of the groups (p < 0.05). Interrater agreement was good to very good for all image groups (κ = 0.77-1.0, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Fe-SPGR performed robustly in the diagnostic evaluation of brain AVMs, with improved visual depiction of AVMs compared with CTA and comparable Spetzler-Martin grading relative to CTA and DSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Iv
- 1Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford
| | - Omar Choudhri
- 1Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford
| | - Robert L Dodd
- 1Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford
| | - Shreyas S Vasanawala
- 1Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford.,2Department of Radiology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto
| | - Marcus T Alley
- 3Richard M. Lucas Center for Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford; and
| | - Michael Moseley
- 3Richard M. Lucas Center for Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford; and
| | | | - Gerald Grant
- 4Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, California
| | - Samuel Cheshier
- 4Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, California
| | - Kristen W Yeom
- 2Department of Radiology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto
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25
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Zhou Z, Han F, Yoshida T, Nguyen KL, Finn JP, Hu P. Improved 4D cardiac functional assessment for pediatric patients using motion-weighted image reconstruction. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 31:747-756. [PMID: 30043124 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-018-0694-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to develop and evaluate a motion-weighted reconstruction technique for improved cardiac function assessment in 4D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS A flat-topped, two-sided Gaussian kernel was used to weigh k-space data in each target cardiac phase and adjacent two temporal phases during the proposed phase-by-phase reconstruction algorithm. The proposed method (Strategy 3) was used to reconstruct 18 cardiac phases based on data acquired using a previously proposed technique [4D multiphase steady-state imaging with contrast enhancement (MUSIC) technique and its self-gated extension using rotating Cartesian k-space (ROCK-MUSIC) from 12 pediatric patients. As a comparison, the same data set was reconstructed into nine phases using a phase-by-phase method (Strategy 1), 18 phases using view sharing (Strategy 4), and 18 phases using a temporal regularized method (Strategy 2). Regional image sharpness and left ventricle volumetric measurements were used to compare the four reconstructions quantitatively. RESULTS Strategies 1 and 4 generated significantly sharper images of static structures (P ≤ 0.018) than Strategies 2 and 3 but significantly more blurry (P ≤ 0.021) images of the heart. Left ventricular volumetric measurements from the nine-phase reconstruction (Strategy 1) correlated moderately (r < 0.8) with the 2D cine, whereas the remaining three techniques had a higher correlation (r > 0.9). The computational burden of Strategy 2 was six times that of Strategy 3. CONCLUSION The proposed method of motion-weighted reconstruction improves temporal resolution in 4D cardiac imaging with a clinically practical workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwu Zhou
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fei Han
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Takegawa Yoshida
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kim-Lien Nguyen
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John Paul Finn
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Biomedical Physics Inter-Departmental Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Biomedical Physics Inter-Departmental Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 300 UCLA Medical Plaza Suite B119, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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26
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Atlas-Based Computational Analysis of Heart Shape and Function in Congenital Heart Disease. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2018; 11:123-132. [PMID: 29294215 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-017-9778-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 1% of all babies are born with some form of congenital heart defect. Many serious forms of CHD can now be surgically corrected after birth, which has led to improved survival into adulthood. However, many patients require serial monitoring to evaluate progression of heart failure and determine timing of interventions. Accurate multidimensional quantification of regional heart shape and function is required for characterizing these patients. A computational atlas of single ventricle and biventricular heart shape and function enables quantification of remodeling in terms of z scores in relation to specific reference populations. Progression of disease can then be monitored effectively by longitudinal evaluation of z scores. A biomechanical analysis of cardiac function in relation to population variation enables investigation of the underlying mechanisms for developing pathology. Here, we summarize recent progress in this field, with examples in single ventricle and biventricular congenital pathologies.
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