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de Oliveira NG, de Oliveira LF, da Silva RP, Oliveira TN, Möller GB, Murasaki J, Ramires MA, Azevedo RDA, Artioli GG, Roschel H, Gualano B, Saunders B. Trehalose Improved 20-min Cycling Time-Trial Performance After 100-min Cycling in Amateur Cyclists. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2024; 34:199-206. [PMID: 38458180 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2023-0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation during endurance exercise can improve performance. However, it is unclear whether low glycemic index (GI) CHO leads to differential ergogenic and metabolic effects compared with a standard high GI CHO. This study investigated the ergogenic and metabolic effects of CHO supplementation with distinct GIs, namely, (a) trehalose (30 g/hr), (b) isomaltulose (30 g/hr), (c) maltodextrin (60 g/hr), and (d) placebo (water). In this double-blind, crossover, counterbalanced, placebo-controlled study, 13 male cyclists cycled a total of 100 min at varied exercise intensity (i.e., 10-min stages at 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 W/kg; repeated three times plus two 5-min stages at 1.0 W/kg before and after the protocol), followed by a 20-min time trial on four separated occasions. Blood glucose and lactate (every 20 min), heart rate, and ratings of perceived exertion were collected throughout, and muscle biopsies were taken before and immediately after exercise. The results showed that trehalose improved time-trial performance compared with placebo (total work done 302 ± 39 vs. 287 ± 48 kJ; p = .01), with no other differences between sessions (all p ≥ .07). Throughout the 100-min protocol, blood glucose was higher with maltodextrin compared with the other supplements at all time points (all p < .05). Heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion, muscle glycogen content, blood glucose, and lactate were not different between conditions when considering the 20-min time trial (all p > .05). Trehalose supplementation throughout endurance exercise improved cycling performance and appears to be an appropriate CHO source for exercise tasks up to 2 hr. No ergogenic superiority between the different types of CHO was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Gobbi de Oliveira
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group - Center of Lifestyle Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luana Farias de Oliveira
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group - Center of Lifestyle Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Pires da Silva
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group - Center of Lifestyle Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tamires Nunes Oliveira
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group - Center of Lifestyle Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriella Berwig Möller
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group - Center of Lifestyle Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Murasaki
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group - Center of Lifestyle Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Manoel Antônio Ramires
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group - Center of Lifestyle Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael de Almeida Azevedo
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group - Center of Lifestyle Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Giannini Artioli
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group - Center of Lifestyle Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Hamilton Roschel
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group - Center of Lifestyle Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Gualano
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group - Center of Lifestyle Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Food Research Center, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bryan Saunders
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group - Center of Lifestyle Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Otsuka J, Okamoto Y, Enoki Y, Maejima D, Fujii N, Kenny GP, Mündel T, Cotter JD, Amano T. Effects of ingesting beverages containing glycerol and sodium with isomaltulose or sucrose on fluid retention in young adults: a single-blind, randomized crossover trial. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024; 49:667-679. [PMID: 38377479 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
We evaluated changes in hyperhydration and beverage hydration index (BHI, a composite measure of fluid balance after consuming a test beverage relative to water) during resting, induced by the consumption of beverages containing glycerol and sodium supplemented with fast-absorbing sucrose or slow-absorbing isomaltulose. In a randomized crossover, single-blinded protocol (clinical trials registry: UMIN000042644), 14 young physically active adults (three women) consumed 1 L of beverage containing either 7% glycerol + 0.5% sodium (Gly + Na), Gly + Na plus 7% sucrose (Gly + Na + Suc), Gly + Na plus 7% isomaltulose (Gly + Na + Iso), or water (CON) over a 40 min period. We assessed the change in plasma volume (ΔPV), BHI (calculated from cumulative urine output following consumption of water relative to that of the beverage), and blood glucose and sodium for 180 min after initiating ingestion. Total urine volume was reduced in all beverages containing glycerol and sodium compared to CON (all P ≤ 0.002). The addition of isomaltulose increased BHI by ∼45% (3.43 ± 1.0 vs. 2.50 ± 0.7 for Gly + Na, P = 0.011) whereas sucrose did not (2.6 ± 0.6, P = 0.826). The PV expansion was earliest for Gly + Na (30 min), slower for Gly + Na + Suc (90 min), and slowest for Gly + Na + Iso (120 min) with a concomitant lag in the increase of blood glucose and sodium concentrations. Supplementation of beverages containing glycerol and sodium with isomaltulose but not sucrose enhances BHI from those of glycerol and sodium only under a resting state, likely due to the slow absorption of isomaltulose-derived monosaccharides (i.e., glucose and fructose).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junto Otsuka
- Laboratory for Exercise and Environment Physiology, Faculty of Education, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yumi Okamoto
- Laboratory for Exercise and Environment Physiology, Faculty of Education, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Enoki
- Advanced Research Institutes, Bourbon Corporation, Niigata, Japan
| | - Daisuke Maejima
- Advanced Research Institutes, Bourbon Corporation, Niigata, Japan
| | - Naoto Fujii
- Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Glen P Kenny
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Toby Mündel
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - James D Cotter
- School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, Division of Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tatsuro Amano
- Laboratory for Exercise and Environment Physiology, Faculty of Education, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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Takada S, Otsuka J, Okamoto Y, Watanabe D, Aoki M, Fujii N, Kenny GP, Enoki Y, Maejima D, Amano T. Effects of ingestion of isomaltulose beverage on plasma volume and thermoregulatory responses during exercise in the heat. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:2615-2626. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05044-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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