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Clementino LC, Freire-Maia J, Pereira TS, Martins-Júnior PA. Passive smoking and early childhood caries: when adult addiction affects children's oral health. Evid Based Dent 2024; 25:49-50. [PMID: 38273113 DOI: 10.1038/s41432-024-00980-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
DATA SOURCES Medline via EBSCOhost, PubMed, and Scopus up to February 2023. STUDY SELECTION Observational studies in the English language published in peer-reviewed journals, encompassing children aged 0 to 6 years exposed to environmental tobacco smoke and passive smoking, with a focus on oral health conditions in deciduous dentition. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Data were extracted from 25 papers, encompassing study details, oral health, and smoking exposure. Confounding factors such as parental education, income, diet, fluoride exposure, gender, and oral hygiene practices were also identified. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Frequency effect size was calculated for health variables and smoking exposure. RESULTS Most studies identified a correlation between passive smoking and an increased prevalence of dental caries. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and dental caries risk were influenced by factors such as low parental education, socioeconomic status, dietary habits, oral hygiene, and gender. CONCLUSIONS The results of this systematic review strongly indicate a significant association between dental caries in deciduous dentition and passive smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Chagas Clementino
- Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana Freire-Maia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Túlio Silva Pereira
- Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Paulo Antônio Martins-Júnior
- Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Conte G, Pacino SA, Urso S, Greiling D, Caponnetto P, Pedullà E, Generali L, Consolo U, Checchi V, Gospodaru S, Bordeniuc G, Fala V, Kowalski J, Nowak M, Górska R, Amaliya A, Chapple I, Milward M, Maclure R, Nardi GM, Polosa R. Changes in Oral Health and Dental Esthetic in Smokers Switching to Combustion-Free Nicotine Alternatives: Protocol for a Multicenter and Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e53222. [PMID: 38393754 PMCID: PMC10924261 DOI: 10.2196/53222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the detrimental effects of conventional combustible cigarettes on oral health and dental esthetics are well known, there is limited information about the long-term impact of combustion-free nicotine alternatives (C-F NA) such as e-cigarettes or heated tobacco products. OBJECTIVE This multicenter, prospective, 3-parallel-arm randomized controlled trial will investigate whether switching from combustible cigarettes to C-F NA will lead to measurable improvements in oral health parameters and dental esthetics over 18 months in adult smokers with limited gum disease. METHODS Regular smokers not intending to quit and without clinical signs of periodontitis will be randomly assigned (1:4 ratio) to either standard of care with brief cessation advice (control group; arm A) or C-F NA use (intervention group; arm B). The study will also include a reference group of never smokers (reference group; arm C). The primary end point is the change in the Modified Gingival Index (MGI) score from baseline between the control arm (arm A) and the intervention arm (arm B) at the 18-month follow-up. In addition, the study will analyze the within- and between-group (arms A, B, and C) changes in MGI assessment, plaque imaging, dental shade quantitation, tooth stain scores, and oral health-related quality of life questionnaires measured at each study time point. All participants will attend a total of 7 clinic visits: screening, enrollment, and randomization (visit 0); baseline visit-day 14 (visit 1); day 90 (visit 2); day 180 (visit 3); day 360 (visit 4); and day 540 (visit 5). This multicenter study will be conducted in 4 dental clinics in 4 countries. The statistical analysis will involve descriptive statistics for continuous and categorical data. Primary end points will undergo tests for normality and, based on distribution, either a 2-sided t test or Mann-Whitney U test. Linear mixed model with random factors center and study arms by center will also be applied. Secondary end points, including MGI assessment and quality of life, will be subjected to similar tests and comparisons. Only if one value of the parameter MGI is missing after day 1, the last available observation will be carried forward. The analysis will be performed on the substituted data. Secondary parameters will not have missing value replacement. RESULTS Participant recruitment began in October 2021, and enrollment was completed in June 2023. Results will be reported in 2025. CONCLUSIONS This will be the first study to provide key insights into oral health benefits or risks associated with using C-F NA in smokers who are seeking alternatives to cigarette smoking. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04649645; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04649645. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/53222.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sebastiano Antonio Pacino
- Addendo srl, Dental Clinic, Catania, Italy
- ECLAT Srl, Spin-off of the University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Urso
- ECLAT Srl, Spin-off of the University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Pasquale Caponnetto
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Educational Sciences, Section of Psychology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Eugenio Pedullà
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Luigi Generali
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Ugo Consolo
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Vittorio Checchi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Jan Kowalski
- Department of Periodontology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Nowak
- Department of Periodontology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Renata Górska
- Department of Periodontology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Amaliya Amaliya
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Iain Chapple
- Periodontal Research Group, The University of Birmingham & Birmingham Community Healthcare Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Milward
- Periodontal Research Group, The University of Birmingham & Birmingham Community Healthcare Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Maclure
- R Maclure Clinical Research Ltd, Irby, Wirral, United Kingdom
| | - Gianna Maria Nardi
- Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Polosa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Tahani B, Baghban AA, Kazemian A. Determinants of oral health status: an ecological study in Iran. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:910. [PMID: 37993816 PMCID: PMC10666374 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03557-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this ecological study was to assess the association between behavioral, social position, circumstance factors, and caries experience in 35- to 44-year-old adults in Iran at a provincial level. MATERIALS AND METHODS The data from the 2011 Iranian Oral Health Survey were obtained from all 31 provinces across Iran on the population level. Oral health status was measured as the number of decayed, missing (MT), and filled (FT) teeth and the percentage of the population who were edentulous. Data were also gathered from each province on the percentage of smokers (Non-Communicable Diseases Risk Factors Surveillance Provincial Report 2009), per capita consumption of free sugars, concentration of fluoride in the drinking water (National and Sub-national Burden of Disease (NASBOD) Survey), number of dentists per 10,000 people, mean years of schooling of adults, expected years of schooling of children, life expectancy at birth and Gross National Income (Integrated Public Use Microdata Series, Global Data Lab). The data were analyzed using simple and multiple linear regression (α = 0.05). RESULTS Mean DMFT was positively associated with the percentage of smokers (B = 0.01 95%CI 0.01-0.14), and negatively with fluoride concentration (B =-2.6 95%CI -4.3- -0.96). The edentulousness percentage was positively associated with smoking (B = 0.2 (with 95%CI: 0.07-0.37) and negatively with mean years of education (B =-1.08 (with 95%CI: -2.04- -0.12). DT was associated with expected years of schooling (B =-0.6 (with 95%CI: -1.07- -0.17), negatively. Mt was negatively associated with life expectancy (B =-0.5 (with 95%CI: -1.1- -0.007), fluoride concentration (B =-3.4 (with 95%CI: -4.5- -1.5) and number of dentists per 10,000 people (B =-0.4 (with 95%CI: -0.8- -0.01). Mean Years of Schooling (B = 0.5 (with 95%CI: 0.2-0.8) and number of dentists per 10,000 people (B =-0.62 (with 95%CI: 0.51 - 0.48) were positively in associated with FT. CONCLUSIONS The present findings indicate that there were differences in the oral health measures and their social determinants among the provinces of Iran. Regarding the limitations of the study especially the limitation of the number of independent variables, it seems, this discrepancy could be better explained by social variables of the provinces such as income than by environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Tahani
- Department of Oral Public Health, Dental Research Center, Dental Research Institute, Dental School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Akbarzadeh Baghban
- Proteomics Research Center, Department of Biostatistics, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Kazemian
- Department of Community Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Zhu L, Zhou C, Chen S, Huang D, Jiang Y, Lan Y, Zou S, Li Y. Osteoporosis and Alveolar Bone Health in Periodontitis Niche: A Predisposing Factors-Centered Review. Cells 2022; 11:3380. [PMID: 36359775 PMCID: PMC9657655 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a periodontal inflammatory condition that results from disrupted periodontal host-microbe homeostasis, manifested by the destruction of tooth-supporting structures, especially inflammatory alveolar bone loss. Osteoporosis is characterized by systemic deterioration of bone mass and microarchitecture. The roles of many systemic factors have been identified in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, including endocrine change, metabolic disorders, health-impaired behaviors and mental stress. The prevalence rate of osteoporotic fracture is in sustained elevation in the past decades. Recent studies suggest that individuals with concomitant osteoporosis are more vulnerable to periodontal impairment. Current reviews of worse periodontal status in the context of osteoporosis are limited, mainly centering on the impacts of menopausal and diabetic osteoporosis on periodontitis. Herein, this review article makes an effort to provide a comprehensive view of the relationship between osteoporosis and periodontitis, with a focus on clarifying how those risk factors in osteoporotic populations modify the alveolar bone homeostasis in the periodontitis niche.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Oshima K, Miura H, Tano R, Fukuda H. Characteristics of Individuals in Japan Who Regularly Manage Their Oral Health by Having a Family Dentist: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Web-Based Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191710479. [PMID: 36078196 PMCID: PMC9518108 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dental healthcare systems may differ between countries; however, having a family dentist is generally important for proper oral health management. This study aims to analyze the proportion of people in Japan who have a family dentist, and their characteristics. A nationwide web-based survey with 3556 participants (1708 men and 1848 women) showed that 45.6% of men and 54.1% of women had a family dentist (FD group). A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that men in the FD group mostly belonged to older age groups (≥70 s, OR: 2.41), received higher household incomes (≥8000 K JPY, OR: 1.47), brushed their teeth three or more times daily (OR: 1.60), practiced habitual interdental cleaning (OR: 3.66), and fewer lived in rural areas (towns and villages, OR: 0.52). Regarding the women, the majority belonged to older age groups (60 s, OR: 1.52; ≥70 s, OR: 1.73), practiced habitual interdental cleaning (OR: 3.68), and fewer received lower household incomes (<2000 K JPY, OR: 0.61). These results suggest that despite Japan being a country with a public insurance coverage system for both men and women, having a family dentist is associated with disparities in individual socioeconomic factors, particularly age and household income.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuo Oshima
- Department of Dental Technology, The Nippon Dental University College, Tokyo 102-8159, Japan
| | - Hiroko Miura
- Division of Disease Control and Epidemiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu 061-0293, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Rumi Tano
- Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama 351-0197, Japan
| | - Hideki Fukuda
- National Institute of Public Health, Saitama 351-0197, Japan
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Nigar S, Hassan S, Maqsood A, Ahmed N, Al-Askar M, Mokeem SA, Alqutub MN, Aldahian N, Alsagob EI, Almubarak AA, Vohra F, Abduljabbar T. An assessment of unstimulated salivary flow rate, IgA and clinical oral dryness among active and passive smokers. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2022; 35:39-51. [PMID: 34569554 PMCID: PMC10464801 DOI: 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the impact of smoking on the whole salivary flow rate (SFR), IgA levels and clinical oral dryness (COD) among active and passive smokers. MATERIAL AND METHODS The participants were categorized as active smokers (N = 54) or passive smokers (N = 163). Saliva was collected in tubes and placed in ice storage at -70°C. Salivary IgA levels were assessed in duplication using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Following the saliva sample collection, the subjects were assessed for COD using the COD score, SFR and caries. Chi-square test, the t-test and ANOVA were employed to compare the clinical impact of the smoking status associated with specific variables (smoking status, number of cigarettes, active caries, gender, age, COD score, IgA level and SFR). A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Two hundred and seventeen subjects with the mean age of 32.86±6.30 years, with 145 males (66.8%) and 72 females (33.2%), were included in the study. Among the active smokers, 88.8% were males compared to 11.2% females. The active smokers had the mean age of 32.52 years, a COD score of 1.43, an IgA level of 1.39 g/l, and a SFR of 0.37 ml/min. Among the passive smokers, 59.5% were males and 40.5% were females, with the mean age of 32.97 years, a COD score of 0.87 g/l, an IgA level of 1.47, and a SFR of 0.42 ml/min. Active caries showed a positive correlation with the number of cigarettes, with significance in the >35 years age group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated significant differences in SFR, IgA and COD scores among the active and passive smokers. The number of cigarettes had a negative impact on saliva production, IgA levels, the oral health status, and the progression of caries with respect to age and gender. Smoking potentially leads to xerostomia associated with active caries. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2022;35(1):39-51.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seeme Nigar
- Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Pathology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Hassan
- Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Department of Pathology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Afsheen Maqsood
- Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Department of Oral Pathology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Naseer Ahmed
- Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthodontics, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mansour Al-Askar
- King Saud University, Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer A. Mokeem
- King Saud University, Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Montaser N. Alqutub
- King Saud University, Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Aldahian
- King Saud University, Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman I. Alsagob
- Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Preventive Dental Sciences Department, Community Dentistry Division, College of Dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A. Almubarak
- King Saud University, Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahim Vohra
- King Saud University, Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Abduljabbar
- King Saud University, Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Saho H, Taniguchi-Tabata A, Ekuni D, Yokoi A, Kataoka K, Fukuhara D, Toyama N, Islam MM, Sawada N, Nakashima Y, Nakahara M, Deguchi J, Uchida-Fukuhara Y, Yoneda T, Iwasaki Y, Morita M. Association between Household Exposure to Secondhand Smoke and Dental Caries among Japanese Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17228623. [PMID: 33233610 PMCID: PMC7699779 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The long-term effects of secondhand smoke (SHS) on dental caries among Japanese young adults remain unclear. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate whether household exposure to SHS is associated with dental caries in permanent dentition among Japanese young adults. The study sample included 1905 first-year university students (age range: 18–19 years) who answered a questionnaire and participated in oral examinations. The degree of household exposure to SHS was categorized into four levels according to the SHS duration: no experience (−), past, current SHS < 10 years, and current SHS ≥ 10 years. Dental caries are expressed as the total number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) score. The relationships between SHS and dental caries were determined by logistic regression analysis. DMFT scores (median (25th percentile, 75th percentile)) were significantly higher in the current SHS ≥ 10 years (median: 1.0 (0.0, 3.0)) than in the SHS—(median: 0.0 (0.0, 2.0)); p = 0.001). DMFT ≥ 1 was significantly associated with SHS ≥ 10 years (adjusted odds ratio: 1.50, 95% confidence interval: 1.20–1.87, p < 0.001). Long-term exposure to SHS (≥10 years) was associated with dental caries in permanent dentition among Japanese young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikari Saho
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (D.E.); (K.K.); (N.T.); (M.M.I.); (N.S.); (M.N.); (J.D.); (Y.U.-F.); (T.Y.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-86-235-6712
| | - Ayano Taniguchi-Tabata
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (A.T.-T.); (A.Y.); (D.F.); (Y.N.)
| | - Daisuke Ekuni
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (D.E.); (K.K.); (N.T.); (M.M.I.); (N.S.); (M.N.); (J.D.); (Y.U.-F.); (T.Y.); (M.M.)
| | - Aya Yokoi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (A.T.-T.); (A.Y.); (D.F.); (Y.N.)
| | - Kouta Kataoka
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (D.E.); (K.K.); (N.T.); (M.M.I.); (N.S.); (M.N.); (J.D.); (Y.U.-F.); (T.Y.); (M.M.)
| | - Daiki Fukuhara
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (A.T.-T.); (A.Y.); (D.F.); (Y.N.)
| | - Naoki Toyama
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (D.E.); (K.K.); (N.T.); (M.M.I.); (N.S.); (M.N.); (J.D.); (Y.U.-F.); (T.Y.); (M.M.)
| | - Md Monirul Islam
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (D.E.); (K.K.); (N.T.); (M.M.I.); (N.S.); (M.N.); (J.D.); (Y.U.-F.); (T.Y.); (M.M.)
| | - Nanami Sawada
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (D.E.); (K.K.); (N.T.); (M.M.I.); (N.S.); (M.N.); (J.D.); (Y.U.-F.); (T.Y.); (M.M.)
| | - Yukiho Nakashima
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (A.T.-T.); (A.Y.); (D.F.); (Y.N.)
| | - Momoko Nakahara
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (D.E.); (K.K.); (N.T.); (M.M.I.); (N.S.); (M.N.); (J.D.); (Y.U.-F.); (T.Y.); (M.M.)
| | - Junya Deguchi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (D.E.); (K.K.); (N.T.); (M.M.I.); (N.S.); (M.N.); (J.D.); (Y.U.-F.); (T.Y.); (M.M.)
| | - Yoko Uchida-Fukuhara
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (D.E.); (K.K.); (N.T.); (M.M.I.); (N.S.); (M.N.); (J.D.); (Y.U.-F.); (T.Y.); (M.M.)
| | - Toshiki Yoneda
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (D.E.); (K.K.); (N.T.); (M.M.I.); (N.S.); (M.N.); (J.D.); (Y.U.-F.); (T.Y.); (M.M.)
| | - Yoshiaki Iwasaki
- Health Service Center, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan;
| | - Manabu Morita
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (D.E.); (K.K.); (N.T.); (M.M.I.); (N.S.); (M.N.); (J.D.); (Y.U.-F.); (T.Y.); (M.M.)
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Najafi F, Rezaei S, Hajizadeh M, Soofi M, Salimi Y, Kazemi Karyani A, Soltani S, Ahmadi S, Homaie Rad E, Karami Matin B, Pasdar Y, Hamzeh B, Nazar MM, Mohammadi A, Poustchi H, Motamed-Gorji N, Moslem A, Khaleghi AA, Fatthi MR, Aghazadeh-Attari J, Ahmadi A, Pourfarzi F, Somi MH, Sohrab M, Ansari-Moghadam A, Edjtehadi F, Esmaeili A, Joukar F, Lotfi MH, Aghamolaei T, Eslami S, Tabatabaee SHR, Saki N, Haghdost AA. Decomposing socioeconomic inequality in dental caries in Iran: cross-sectional results from the PERSIAN cohort study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 78:75. [PMID: 32832079 PMCID: PMC7436972 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-020-00457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The current study aimed to measure and decompose socioeconomic-related inequalities in DMFT (decayed, missing, and filled teeth) index among adults in Iran. Methods The study data were extracted from the adult component of Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN (PERSIAN) from 17 centers in 14 different provinces of Iran. DMFT score was used as a measure of dental caries among adults in Iran. The concentration curve and relative concentration index (RC) was used to quantify and decompose socioeconomic-related inequalities in DMFT. Results A total of 128,813 adults aged 35 and older were included in the study. The mean (Standard Deviation [SD]) score of D, M, F and DMFT of the adults was 3.3 (4.6), 12.6 (10.5), 2.1 (3.4) and 18.0 (9.5), respectively. The findings suggested that DMFT was mainly concentrated among the socioeconomically disadvantaged adults (RC = - 0.064; 95% confidence interval [CI), - 0.066 to - 0.063). Socioeconomic status, being male, older age and being a widow or divorced were identified as the main factors contributing to the concentration of DMFT among the worse-off adults. Conclusions It is recommended to focus on the dental caries status of socioeconomically disadvantaged groups in order to reduce socioeconomic-related inequality in oral health among Iranian adults. Reducing socioeconomic-related inequalities in dental caries should be accompanied by appropriate health promotion policies that focus actions on the fundamental socioeconomic causes of dental disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Najafi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Satar Rezaei
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hajizadeh
- School of Health Administration, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Moslem Soofi
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Yahya Salimi
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Kazemi Karyani
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shahin Soltani
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sina Ahmadi
- Department of Social Welfare Management, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Enayatollah Homaie Rad
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Behzad Karami Matin
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Yahya Pasdar
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Behrooz Hamzeh
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mehdi Moradi Nazar
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Department of Health Information Technology, Paramedical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazgol Motamed-Gorji
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Moslem
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Khaleghi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Fatthi
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Javad Aghazadeh-Attari
- Social determinants of Health Research Center, Urmia Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ali Ahmadi
- Modeling in Health Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Farhad Pourfarzi
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Somi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehrnoush Sohrab
- Diabetes Research cente, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Alireza Ansari-Moghadam
- Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Farhad Edjtehadi
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Esmaeili
- Department of Cardiology, Medical school, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Joukar
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Teamur Aghamolaei
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Saied Eslami
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Nader Saki
- Hearing Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Haghdost
- Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Umemori S, Aida J, Tsuboya T, Tabuchi T, Tonami KI, Nitta H, Araki K, Kondo K. Does second-hand smoke associate with tooth loss among older Japanese? JAGES cross-sectional study. Int Dent J 2020; 70:388-395. [PMID: 32585047 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Second-hand smoke (SHS) is considered a risk factor for a number of oral diseases. However, its influence on tooth loss, which is the final consequence of periodontal disease and caries, remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate the association between SHS experience and the number of remaining teeth among non-smoking older Japanese individuals. METHODS Cross-sectional data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) 2013 were used. From the 27,561 people ≥65 years of age who responded to a self-reported questionnaire (response rate = 71.1%), data of 18,865 respondents who had never smoked were analysed. Multinomial logistic regression with multiple imputations was applied to estimate the odds ratio of the frequency of SHS exposures on the number of remaining teeth. RESULTS The prevalence of participants with ≥20 teeth, 10-19 teeth, 5-9 teeth, 1-4 teeth, and no teeth were 53.2%, 20.4%, 9.9%, 6.6%, and 9.9%, respectively. The proportion of participants with SHS was 37.5%. After adjusting for sex, the SHS experience tended to be associated with a lower risk of having the fewer number of remaining teeth (P < 0.05). However, after being adjusted for age and sex, participants with SHS exposure at "a few times a week" and "almost every day" were significantly associated with the fewer number of teeth. After adding all other covariates, compared to the participants without any exposure to SHS, the odds ratio for having no teeth rather than having ≥20 teeth among the participants with daily exposure to SHS was 1.35 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Daily second-hand smoke was significantly associated with fewer remaining teeth based on the self-reported survey among older Japanese people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachi Umemori
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and General Dentistry, Dental Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Aida
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toru Tsuboya
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tabuchi
- Osaka International Cancer Institute, Cancer Control Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Tonami
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and General Dentistry, Dental Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nitta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and General Dentistry, Dental Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouji Araki
- Center for Education Research in Medicine and Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Karsiyaka Hendek M, Erkmen Almaz M, Olgun E, Kisa U. Salivary LL-37 and periodontal health in children exposed to passive smoking. Int J Paediatr Dent 2019; 29:369-374. [PMID: 30556299 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial peptides play an important role in the local defence of oral cavity. Cigarette smoke has detrimental effects on immune defence mechanisms. The effect of passive smoking on salivary LL-37, as an antimicrobial peptide, in children has not yet been reported. AIM The aims of this study were to evaluate salivary LL-37 levels in PS-exposed and PS-unexposed children and to investigate the association between salivary LL-37 levels and periodontal clinical parameters. DESIGN Unstimulated salivary samples were collected from 180 children (90 PS-exposed [38 girls and 52 boys; mean age: 9.36 ± 1.60 years] and 90 PS-unexposed [43 girls and 47 boys; mean age: 9.02 ± 1.71 years]) in this study. Periodontal clinical parameters, including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL), were recorded in all children. Salivary cotinine and LL-37 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS PI and GI values in PS-exposed children were significantly higher than those in PS-unexposed children. The mean salivary cotinine concentration was significantly higher in PS-exposed children than in control subjects. The mean salivary LL-37 concentration of PS-exposed children was significantly lower (100.71 ± 72.14 pg/mL) than that of PS-unexposed children (151.84 ± 107.89 pg/mL). CONCLUSION Passive smoking could suppress salivary LL-37 concentrations in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Merve Erkmen Almaz
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Ebru Olgun
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Ucler Kisa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
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