1
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Mohamadi Y, Borhani-Haghighi M. TGN020 application against aquaporin 4 improved multiple sclerosis by inhibiting astrocytes, microglia, and NLRP3 inflammasome in a cuprizone mouse model. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 132:102306. [PMID: 37394105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS), activation of the astrocytes and microglia induces a cascading inflammatory response. Overexpression of the aquaporin 4 (AQP4) in the glia is a trigger for this reaction. This study aimed to block AQP4 by injecting TGN020 to alleviate the symptoms of MS. Total of 30 male mice were randomly divided into control (intact), cuprizone model of MS (fed with 0.2% cuprizone for 35 days), and TGN020-treated (received daily intraperitoneal injections of 200 mg/kg TGN020 with cuprizone intake) groups. Astrogliosis, M1-M2 microglia polarization, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and demyelination were investigated in the corpus callosum by immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR, western blot, and luxol fast blue staining. The Rotarod test was performed for a behavior assessment. AQP4 inhibition caused a significant decrease in the expression of the astrocyte-specific marker, GFAP. It also changed the microglia polarization from M1 to M2 indicated by a significant downregulation of iNOS, CD86, MHC-ІІ, and upregulation of arginase1, CD206, and TREM-2. In addition, western blot data showed a significant decrease in the NLRP3, caspase1, and IL-1b proteins in the treatment group, which indicated inflammasome inactivation. The molecular changes following the TGN020 injection resulted in remyelination and motor recovery enhancement in the treatment group. In conclusion, the results draw the attention to the role of AQP4 in the cuprizone model of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Mohamadi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Maryam Borhani-Haghighi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Polarized Anti-Inflammatory Mesenchymal Stem Cells Increase Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Improve Cognitive Function in Aged Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054490. [PMID: 36901920 PMCID: PMC10003244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related decline in cognitive functions is associated with reduced hippocampal neurogenesis caused by changes in the systemic inflammatory milieu. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are known for their immunomodulatory properties. Accordingly, MSC are a leading candidate for cell therapy and can be applied to alleviate inflammatory diseases as well as aging frailty via systemic delivery. Akin to immune cells, MSC can also polarize into pro-inflammatory MSC (MSC1) and anti-inflammatory MSC (MSC2) following activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR3, respectively. In the present study, we apply pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) to polarize bone-marrow-derived MSC towards an MSC2 phenotype. Indeed, we found that polarized anti-inflammatory MSC were able to reduce the plasma levels of aging related chemokines in aged mice (18-months old) and increased hippocampal neurogenesis following systemic administration. Similarly, aged mice treated with polarized MSC displayed improved cognitive function in the Morris water maze and Y-maze assays compared with vehicle- and naïve-MSC-treated mice. Changes in neurogenesis and Y-maze performance were negatively and significantly correlated with sICAM, CCL2 and CCL12 serum levels. We conclude that polarized PACAP-treated MSC present anti-inflammatory properties that can mitigate age-related changes in the systemic inflammatory milieu and, as a result, ameliorate age related cognitive decline.
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3
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Effect of PACAP on Heat Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043992. [PMID: 36835411 PMCID: PMC9963701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stroke is a life-threatening illness caused by exposure to high ambient temperatures and relative humidity. The incidence of heat stroke is expected to increase due to climate change. Although pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) has been implicated in thermoregulation, the role of PACAP on heat stress remains unclear. PACAP knockout (KO) and wild-type ICR mice were subjected to heat exposure at an ambient temperature of 36 °C and relative humidity of 99% for 30-150 min. After heat exposure, the PACAP KO mice had a greater survival rate and maintained a lower body temperature than the wild-type mice. Moreover, the gene expression and immunoreaction of c-Fos in the ventromedially preoptic area of the hypothalamus, which is known to harbor temperature-sensitive neurons, were significantly lower in PACAP KO mice than those in wild-type mice. In addition, differences were observed in the brown adipose tissue, the primary site of heat production, between PACAP KO and wild-type mice. These results suggest that PACAP KO mice are resistant to heat exposure. The heat production mechanism differs between PACAP KO and wild-type mice.
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4
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Gao W, Yang M. Identification by Bioinformatics Analysis of Potential Key Genes Related to the Progression and Prognosis of Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:881015. [PMID: 35600357 PMCID: PMC9114743 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.881015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Despite increasingly sophisticated medical technology, the prognosis of patients with advanced gastric cancer is still not objectively certain. Therefore, it is urgent to identify new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. To identify potential critical genes related to gastric cancer’s staging mechanism and to the prognosis of gastric cancer. Methods Dynamic trend analysis was conducted to find genes with similar trends in gastric cancer staging in order to explore the differentially expressed genes in gastric cancer and identify the intersection of the results of the dynamic trend analysis. Functional predictive analysis were performed on the obtained genes to observe the expression of prognostic genes in gastric cancer and in gastric cancer stages as well as the correlation with tumor immune cell infiltration. Gastric cancer samples were collected and sequenced for follow-up analysis based on the results of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database analysis. Results The expression of genes enriched in module 0 had a similar trend in gastric cancer staging. 3213 differential genes were screened. A total of 50 intersection genes were obtained among genes with similar trends, of which only 10 genes have prognostic significance in gastric cancer. These 10 genes were correlated with macrophage infiltration in varying degrees. In addition, we found that AGT was significantly abnormally expressed in the results of sample sequencing. AGT was related to the occurrence of gastric cancer and interacted with brd9, golph3, nom1, klhl25, and psmd11. Conclusion AGT has prominent abnormal expression in gastric cancer and may promote gastric cancer progression. This study provides a new direction for further exploring potential biomarkers and molecular targeted gastric cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencang Gao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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5
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Pang QM, Chen SY, Fu SP, Zhou H, Zhang Q, Ao J, Luo XP, Zhang T. Regulatory Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Secondary Inflammation in Spinal Cord Injury. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:573-593. [PMID: 35115806 PMCID: PMC8802142 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s349572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Ming Pang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Si-Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Ping Fu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhou
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Ao
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ping Luo
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Tao Zhang; Qian Zhang, Email ;
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6
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Meenakshi Sundaram R, Kadapakkam Nandabalan S, Rupert S, Srinivasan P, Sankar P, Patra B, Verma RS, Vennila R, Sathyanesan J, Rajagopal S. Differential immunomodulation of human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from various sources in an inflammation mimetic milieu. Cytotherapy 2021; 24:110-123. [PMID: 34740526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are very advantageous in the field of regenerative medicine because of their immunomodulatory properties. However, reports show that these properties vary from source to source. Hence, understanding the source-dependent specificity of MSCs and their immunomodulatory abilities will enable optimal use of MSCs in cell-based therapies. Here, we studied human MSCs from three different sources, adipose tissue (AT), bone marrow (BM) and Wharton's jelly (WJ), with respect to phenotypic responses of human peripheral blood mononuclear immune cells (hPBMCs/MNCs) and the concurrent changes in cytokine expression in MSCs, under mitogen-stimulated co-culture conditions. We used cytometric analysis to study the immunoregulatory properties of MSCs on MNCs and cytokine profiling of MSCs using a customized PCR array and solid-phase sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our results reveal differential modulation of immune cells as well as MSCs upon activation by the mitogen phytohemagglutinin, independently and in co-culture. Notably, we observed source-specific MSC-cytokine signatures under stimulated conditions. Our results show that AT-MSCs up-regulate VEGF, BM-MSCs up-regulate PTGS-2 and WJ-MSCs increase expression of IDO considerably compared with controls. This remarkable modulation in source-specific cytokine expression was also validated at a functional level by quantitative protein expression studies. In our hands, even though MSCs from AT, BM and WJ sources exhibit characteristic immunomodulatory properties, our results highlight that MSCs sourced from different tissues may exhibit unique cytokine signatures and thus may be suitable for specific regenerative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Secunda Rupert
- Stem Cell Research Centre, Government Stanley Hospital, Chennai, India
| | | | - Pavithra Sankar
- Stem Cell Research Centre, Government Stanley Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Bamadeb Patra
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Rama Shankar Verma
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Rosy Vennila
- Government Medical College Hospital, Karur, India
| | | | - Surendran Rajagopal
- Hepato-Pancreato Biliary Centre for Surgery and Transplantation, MIOT International Hospital, Chennai, India.
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7
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Li S, Huang J, Guo Y, Wang J, Lu S, Wang B, Gong Y, Qin S, Zhao S, Wang S, Liu Y, Fang Y, Guo Y, Xu Z, Ulloa L. PAC1 Receptor Mediates Electroacupuncture-Induced Neuro and Immune Protection During Cisplatin Chemotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:714244. [PMID: 34552585 PMCID: PMC8450570 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.714244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapy is an effective treatment used in multiple tumor treatments, but produces severe side effects including neurotoxicity, anemia, and immunosuppression, which limits its anti-tumor efficacy and increases the risk of infections. Electroacupuncture (EA) is often used to ameliorate these side effects, but its mechanism is unknown. Here, we report that EA on ST36 and SP6 prevents cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity and immunosuppression. EA induces neuroprotection, prevents pain-related neurotoxicity, preserves bone marrow (BM) hematopoiesis, and peripheral levels of leukocytes. EA activates sympathetic BM terminals to release pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP). PACAP-receptor PAC1-antagonists abrogate the effects of EA, whereas PAC1-agonists mimic EA, prevent neurotoxicity, immunosuppression, and preserve BM hematopoiesis during cisplatin chemotherapy. Our results indicate that PAC1-agonists may provide therapeutic advantages during chemotherapy to treat patients with advanced neurotoxicity or neuropathies limiting EA efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shanshan Lu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yinan Gong
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Siru Qin
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Suhong Zhao
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shenjun Wang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxin Fang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongming Guo
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhifang Xu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Luis Ulloa
- Center for Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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8
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Nakai H, Fujita Y, Masuda S, Komatsu M, Tani A, Okita Y, Okada K, Kawamoto A. Intravenous injection of adult human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells attenuates spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury in a murine aortic arch crossclamping model. JTCVS OPEN 2021; 7:23-40. [PMID: 36003746 PMCID: PMC9390396 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjon.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the efficacy of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (hBM-MSC) in a murine spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion (SCIR) model. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were subjected to SCIR by crossclamping the aortic arch and left subclavian artery for 5.5 minutes. Two hours after reperfusion, hBM-MSCs (hBM-MSC group) or phosphate-buffered saline (control group) were intravenously injected without immunosuppressant. Hindlimb motor function was assessed until day 28 after reperfusion using the Basso Mouse Scale (BMS). The lumbar spinal cord was harvested at hour 24 and day 28, and the histologic number of NeuN-positive motor neurons in 3 cross-sections of each lumbar spinal cord and the gene expression were evaluated. RESULTS BMS score was 0 throughout the study period in all control mice. BMS score was significantly greater in the hBM-MSC group than the control group from hour 8 (P < .05) to day 28 (P < .01). The numbers of motor neurons at hour 24 (P < .01) and day 28 (P < .05) were significantly preserved in the hBM-MSC group than the control group. mRNA expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines were significantly lower (P < .05), and those of insulin-like growth factor-1 (P < .01) and proangiogenic factors (P < .05) were significantly greater in the hBM-MSC group than the control group at hour 24. CONCLUSIONS hBM-MSC therapy may attenuate SCIR injury by preserving motor neurons, at least in part, through inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines and upregulation of proangiogenic factors in the reperfusion-injured spinal cord.
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Key Words
- BM, bone marrow
- BMS, Basso Mouse Scale
- EV, extracellular vesicle
- IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-1
- IL-10, interleukin-10
- LSA, left subclavian artery
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- SCI, spinal cord ischemia
- SCIR, spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion
- hBM-MSC, human bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cell
- human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells
- mRNA, messenger RNA
- paraplegia
- spinal cord ischemia
- spinal cord reperfusion injury
- thoracic aortic surgery
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Nakai
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Fujita
- Translational Research Center for Medical Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Japan
| | - Satoru Masuda
- Translational Research Center for Medical Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Japan
| | - Miki Komatsu
- Translational Research Center for Medical Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ayumi Tani
- Translational Research Center for Medical Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yutaka Okita
- Cardiovascular Center, Takatsuki General Hospital, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Kenji Okada
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Kawamoto
- Translational Research Center for Medical Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Japan
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9
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An N, Yang J, Wang H, Sun S, Wu H, Li L, Li M. Mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells in spinal cord injury repair through macrophage polarization. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:41. [PMID: 33622388 PMCID: PMC7903655 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00554-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment and rehabilitation of spinal cord injury (SCI) is a major problem in clinical medicine. Modern medicine has achieved minimal progress in improving the functions of injured nerves in patients with SCI, mainly due to the complex pathophysiological changes that present after injury. Inflammatory reactions occurring after SCI are related to various functions of immune cells over time at different injury sites. Macrophages are important mediators of inflammatory reactions and are divided into two different subtypes (M1 and M2), which play important roles at different times after SCI. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are characterized by multi-differentiation and immunoregulatory potentials, and different treatments can have different effects on macrophage polarization. MSC transplantation has become a promising method for eliminating nerve injury caused by SCI and can help repair injured nerve tissues. Therapeutic effects are related to the induced formation of specific immune microenvironments, caused by influencing macrophage polarization, controlling the consequences of secondary injury after SCI, and assisting with function recovery. Herein, we review the mechanisms whereby MSCs affect macrophage-induced specific immune microenvironments, and discuss potential avenues of investigation for improving SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan An
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.,The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Jiaxu Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.,The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Hequn Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.,The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Shengfeng Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.,The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Hao Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.,The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Lisha Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Meiying Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Zhu S, Ying Y, Ye L, Ying W, Ye J, Wu Q, Chen M, Zhu H, Li X, Dou H, Xu H, Wang Z, Xu J. Systemic Administration of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Improves the Recovery of Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) in Rats and Attenuates SCI-Induced Autophagy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:628369. [PMID: 33584310 PMCID: PMC7873052 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.628369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Protecting the death of nerve cells is an essential tactic for spinal cord injury (SCI) repair. Recent studies show that nerve growth factors can reduce the death of nerve cells and promote the healing of nerve injury. To investigate the conducive effect of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) on SCI repair. FGF21 proteins were systemically delivered into rat model of SCI via tail vein injection. We found that administration of FGF21 significantly promoted the functional recovery of SCI as assessed by BBB scale and inclined plane test, and attenuated cell death in the injured area by histopathological examination with Nissl staining. This was accompanied with increased expression of NeuN, GAP43 and NF200, and deceased expression of GFAP. Interestingly, FGF21 was found to attenuate the elevated expression level of the autophagy marker LC3-II (microtubules associated protein 1 light chain 3-II) induced by SCI in a dose-dependent manner. These data show that FGF21 promotes the functional recovery of SCI via restraining injury-induced cell autophagy, suggesting that systemic administration of FGF21 could have a therapeutic potential for SCI repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sipin Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yibo Ying
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weiyang Ying
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Ye
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiuji Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Spinal Cord Injury Treatment Center, Kunming Tongren Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haicheng Dou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huazi Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhouguang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Jiake Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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11
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Yagura K, Ohtaki H, Tsumuraya T, Sato A, Miyamoto K, Kawada N, Suzuki K, Nakamura M, Kanzaki K, Dohi K, Izumizaki M, Hiraizumi Y, Honda K. The enhancement of CCL2 and CCL5 by human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells might contribute to inflammatory suppression and axonal extension after spinal cord injury. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230080. [PMID: 32155215 PMCID: PMC7064230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hMSCs) have shown potential in facilitating recovery from spinal cord injury (SCI) through communicating with microglia/macrophages (MG/MΦ). We here focused on chemokines as a candidate for the communication. Selected MG/MΦ-related chemokines were determined gene expression after SCI and further focused CCL2/CCR2 and CCL5/CCR5 to estimate role of the chemokines by hMSCs. Male C57/BL6 mice were subjected to spinal cord transection. Gene expression was assayed in the spinal cords following SCI for selected MG/MΦ-related chemokines and their receptors. hMSCs (5×105 cells) were then transplanted into parenchyma of the spinal cord, and the expressions of the Ccl2/Ccr2 and Ccl5/Ccr5 axes, inflammation, MG/MΦ-polarization, and axonal regeneration were evaluated to measure the influence of the hMSCs. Finally, mouse CCL5 was injected into the spinal cords. Acute increases in gene expression after SCI were observed for most chemokines, including Ccl2; chronic increases were observed for Ccl5. CCL2+-cells merged with NeuN+-neurons. CCR2+ immunoreactivity was principally observed in Ly-6G+/iNOS+-granulocytes on postoperative day (pod) 1, and CCL5+ and CCR5+ immunoreactivity overlapped with NeuN+-neurons and F4/80+-MG/MΦ on pod 14. The hMSC transplantation enhanced Ccl2 and Ccl5 and improved locomotor activity. The hMSC implantation did not alter the number of Ly-6G+/CCR2+ but decreased Il1, Elane, and Mpo on pod 3. Conversely, hMSC transplantation increased expression of Zc3h12a (encodes MCP-1-induced protein) on pod 14. Moreover, hMSC increased the Aif1, and two alternatively activated macrophage (AAM)-related genes, Arg1 and Chil3 (Ym1), as well as axonal regenerative markers, Dpysl2 and Gap43. Gene expression indicative of AAM polarization and axonal regeneration were partially recovered by CCL5 injection. These results suggest that hMSC implantation increases Ccl2 and Ccl5, improves locomotor activity, enhances MG/MΦ polarization to AAM, and increases the gene expression of axonal regenerative markers. These functions of hMSCs might be partially mediated by the CCL2/CCR2 and CCL5/CCR5 axes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumichi Yagura
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Fujigaoka, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Ohtaki
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Tomomi Tsumuraya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Fujigaoka, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sato
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Fujigaoka, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Miyamoto
- Department of Emergency & Clinical Care Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Kawada
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Suzuki
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Emergency & Clinical Care Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoyasu Nakamura
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Emergency & Clinical Care Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Kanzaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Fujigaoka, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenji Dohi
- Department of Emergency & Clinical Care Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Izumizaki
- Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hiraizumi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuho Honda
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Mohamadi Y, Noori Moghahi SMH, Mousavi M, Borhani-Haghighi M, Abolhassani F, Kashani IR, Hassanzadeh G. Intrathecal transplantation of Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells suppresses the NLRP1 inflammasome in the rat model of spinal cord injury. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 97:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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Li H, Wang C, He T, Zhao T, Chen YY, Shen YL, Zhang X, Wang LL. Mitochondrial Transfer from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Motor Neurons in Spinal Cord Injury Rats via Gap Junction. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:2017-2035. [PMID: 31037154 PMCID: PMC6485285 DOI: 10.7150/thno.29400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) protect the injured neurons of spinal cord injury (SCI) from apoptosis while the underlying mechanism of the protective effect of BMSCs remains unclear. In this study, we found the transfer of mitochondria from BMSCs to injured motor neurons and detected the functional improvement after transplanting. Methods: Primary rat BMSCs were co-cultured with oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) injured VSC4.1 motor neurons or primary cortical neurons. FACS analysis was used to detect the transfer of mitochondria from BMSCs to neurons. The bioenergetics profiling of neurons was detected by Extracellular Flux Analysis. Cell viability and apoptosis were also measured. BMSCs and isolated mitochondria were transplanted into SCI rats. TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labelling staining was used to detect apoptotic neurons in the ventral horn. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to measure protein expression. Re-myelination was examined by transmission electron microscope. BBB scores were used to assess locomotor function. Results: MitoTracker-Red labelled mitochondria of BMSCs could be transferred to the OGD injured neurons. The gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) potentiator retinoid acid increased the quantity of mitochondria transfer from BMSCs to neurons, while GJIC inhibitor 18β glycyrrhetinic acid decreased mitochondria transfer. Internalization of mitochondria improved the bioenergetics profile, decreased apoptosis and promoted cell survival in post-OGD motor neurons. Furthermore, both transplantation of mitochondria and BMSCs to the injured spinal cord improved locomotor functional recovery in SCI rats. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first evidence that BMSCs protect against SCI through GJIC to transfer mitochondrial to the injured neurons. Our findings suggested a new therapy strategy of mitochondria transfer for the patients with SCI.
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Ren H, Chen X, Tian M, Zhou J, Ouyang H, Zhang Z. Regulation of Inflammatory Cytokines for Spinal Cord Injury Repair Through Local Delivery of Therapeutic Agents. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1800529. [PMID: 30479916 PMCID: PMC6247077 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The balance of inflammation is critical to the repair of spinal cord injury (SCI), which is one of the most devastating traumas in human beings. Inflammatory cytokines, the direct mediators of local inflammation, have differential influences on the repair of the injured spinal cord. Some inflammatory cytokines are demonstrated beneficial to spinal cord repair in SCI models, while some detrimental. Various animal researches have revealed that local delivery of therapeutic agents efficiently regulates inflammatory cytokines and promotes repair from SCI. Quite a few clinical studies have also shown the promotion of repair from SCI through regulation of inflammatory cytokines. However, local delivery of a single agent affects only a part of the inflammatory cytokines that need to be regulated. Meanwhile, different individuals have differential profiles of inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, future studies may aim to develop personalized strategies of locally delivered therapeutic agent cocktails for effective and precise regulation of inflammation, and substantial functional recovery from SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ren
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityNo. 63 Duobao RoadGuangzhou510150P. R. China
| | - Xuri Chen
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineSchool of Basic Medical ScienceZhejiang UniversityNo. 866 Yuhangtang RoadHangzhou310058P. R. China
| | - Mengya Tian
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineSchool of Basic Medical ScienceZhejiang UniversityNo. 866 Yuhangtang RoadHangzhou310058P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineSchool of Basic Medical ScienceZhejiang UniversityNo. 866 Yuhangtang RoadHangzhou310058P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineSchool of Basic Medical ScienceZhejiang UniversityNo. 866 Yuhangtang RoadHangzhou310058P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Translational Research Center for Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing TechnologiesGuangzhou Medical UniversityNo. 63 Duobao RoadGuangzhou510150P. R. China
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15
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Ruzicka J, Urdzikova LM, Kloudova A, Amin AG, Vallova J, Kubinova S, Schmidt MH, Jhanwar-Uniyal M, Jendelova P. Anti-inflammatory compound curcumin and mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of spinal cord injury in rats. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2018. [DOI: 10.21307/ane-2018-035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Murai N, Ohtaki H, Watanabe J, Xu Z, Sasaki S, Yagura K, Shioda S, Nagasaka S, Honda K, Izumizaki M. Intrapancreatic injection of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells alleviates hyperglycemia and modulates the macrophage state in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186637. [PMID: 29073149 PMCID: PMC5657972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a progressive disease caused by the destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in insulin dependency and hyperglycemia. While transplanted bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMMSCs) have been explored as an alternative therapeutic approach for diseases, the choice of delivery route may be a critical factor determining their sustainability. This study evaluated the effects of intrapancreatic and intravenous injection of human BMMSCs (hBMMSCs) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic mouse model. C57/BL6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with 115 mg/kg STZ on day 0. hBMMSCs (1 × 106 cells) or vehicle were injected into the pancreas or jugular vein on day 7. Intrapancreatic, but not intravenous, hBMMSC injection significantly reduced blood glucose levels on day 28 compared with vehicle injection by the same route. This glucose-lowering effect was not induced by intrapancreatic injection of human fibroblasts as the xenograft control. Intrapancreatically injected fluorescence-labeled hBMMSCs were observed in the intra- and extra-lobular spaces of the pancreas, and intravenously injected cells were in the lung region, although the number of cells mostly decreased within 2 weeks of injection. For hBMMSCs injected twice into the pancreatic region on days 7 and 28, the injected mice had further reduced blood glucose to borderline diabetic levels on day 56. Animals injected with hBMMSCs twice exhibited increases in the plasma insulin level, number and size of islets, insulin-positive proportion of the total pancreas area, and intensity of insulin staining compared with vehicle-injected animals. We found a decrease of Iba1-positive cells in islets and an increase of CD206-positive cells in both the endocrine and exocrine pancreas. The hBMMSC injection also reduced the number of CD40-positive cells merged with glucagon immunoreactions in the islets. These results suggest that intrapancreatic injection may be a better delivery route of hBMMSCs for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norimitsu Murai
- Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Ohtaki
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Biotechnology, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zhifang Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Sasaki
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Yagura
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiji Shioda
- Peptide Drug Innovation, Global Research Center for Innovative Life Science, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Nagasaka
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuho Honda
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Izumizaki
- Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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17
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Liu M, Deng M, Ma Y. Differently polarized macrophages affect the viability and growth of NSPCs by regulating the expression of PACAP. Neuropeptides 2017; 65:114-119. [PMID: 28751044 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Objective To explore the influence of differently polarized macrophages, M1 or M2, to viability and growth of NSPCs and its possible mechanism, especially the role of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) in it. METHOD Spinal cord-derived NSPCs were co-cultured with M1 or M2 through a transwell system. Growth of NSPCs in both groups was observed through an inverted microscope within 3days. NSPCs viability of each group, represented as intracellular ATP levels, was measured using the Cellular ATP Kit HTS following co-culture for 24h. PACAP levels in the co-cultured NSPCs was alleviated with immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis. RESULTS Morphologically NSPCs demonstrated a long spindle shape with short sprout on 3rd day when cultured together with M2. NSPCs cultured with M1 showed a small circle or oval shape with no obvious sprout. Expression of PACAP was observed in NSPCs co-cultured with M2 through immunofluorescence. In contrast, NSPCs did not demonstrate PACAP staining in the presence of M1 or cultured alone. PACAP in the NSPCs co-cultured with M2 was upregulated significantly compared with that co-cultured with M1 according to Western blot method. The relative ATP level of NSPCs co-cultured with M1 was markedly decreased while that with M2 was elevated significantly. That trend could be relieved by exogenous PACAP or PACAP 6-38. Viability change of NSPCs by M1/M2 correlated with apoptosis. CONCLUSION Differently polarized macrophages could affect the growth and viability of NSPCs by regulating the expression of PACAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ming Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan City 430060, China
| | - Yonggang Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan City 430060, China.
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18
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Nseir I, Delaunay F, Latrobe C, Bonmarchand A, Coquerel-Beghin D, Auquit-Auckbur I. Use of adipose tissue and stromal vascular fraction in hand surgery. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2017. [PMID: 28645702 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is an abundant source of various cell types including not only adipocytes, but also progenitor and endothelial cells from thestroma. Interest in adipose tissue has surged since the identification in 2001 of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and of the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) obtained from adipose tissue by enzymatic digestion and centrifugation. SVF has been proven effective in ensuring tissue regeneration, thus improving tissue trophicityand vascularisation. These effects have generated strong interest among both physicians and surgeons, particularly in the field of hand surgery. Several applications have been developed and used, for instance to treat Dupuytren's contracture, systemic sclerosis-related hand lesions, and skin ageing at the hand. Other uses are being evaluated in clinical or animal studies. The objective of this article is to review the capabilities of adipose tissue and their current and potential applications in hand surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Nseir
- Service de chirurgie plastique et chirurgie de la main, CHU de Rouen, 1, rue de Germont, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - F Delaunay
- Service de chirurgie plastique et chirurgie de la main, CHU de Rouen, 1, rue de Germont, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - C Latrobe
- Service de chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologique, CHU de Rouen, 1, rue de Germont, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - A Bonmarchand
- Service de chirurgie plastique et chirurgie de la main, CHU de Rouen, 1, rue de Germont, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - D Coquerel-Beghin
- Service de chirurgie plastique et chirurgie de la main, CHU de Rouen, 1, rue de Germont, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - I Auquit-Auckbur
- Service de chirurgie plastique et chirurgie de la main, CHU de Rouen, 1, rue de Germont, 76000 Rouen, France.
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Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) represents one of the most complicated and heterogeneous pathological processes of central nervous system (CNS) impairments, which is still beyond functional regeneration. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been shown to promote the repair of the injured spinal cord tissues in animal models, and therefore, there is much interest in the clinical use of these cells. However, many questions which are essential to improve the therapy effects remain unanswered. For instance, the functional roles and related molecular regulatory mechanisms of MSCs in vivo are not yet completely determined. It is important for transplanted cells to migrate into the injured tissue, to survive and undergo neural differentiation, or to play neural protection roles by various mechanisms after SCI. In this review, we will focus on some of the recent knowledge about the biological behavior and function of MSCs in SCI. Meanwhile, we highlight the function of biomaterials to direct the behavior of MSCs based on our series of work on silk fibroin biomaterials and attempt to emphasize combinational strategies such as tissue engineering for functional improvement of SCI.
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20
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Bian N, Du G, Ip MF, Ding J, Chang Q, Li Z. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide attenuates tumor necrosis factor-α-induced apoptosis in endothelial colony-forming cells. Biomed Rep 2017; 7:11-16. [PMID: 28685053 PMCID: PMC5492523 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) are important in angiogenesis and vascular proliferation. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is a significant risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis and a key proinflammatory cytokine known to induce apoptosis in endothelial cells. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is one of the members of the vasoactive intestinal peptide/secretin/growth hormone-releasing hormone/glucagon superfamily and exists in two biological active forms, PACAP 38 and PACAP 27. PACAP has been reported to help prevent endothelial apoptosis via an anti-inflammatory mechanism. However, to the best of our knowledge, the anti-apoptotic potential of PACAP has not been investigated in ECFCs. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the efficacy of PACAP for decreasing TNF-α-induced apoptosis in ECFCs. The results indicated that PACAP exerts a cytoprotective effect on ECFCs exposed to TNF-α. Furthermore, PACAP partially rescues the proliferation potential of ECFCs inhibited by prolonged TNF-α exposure. These findings support an anti-inflammatory role for PACAP in circulation diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Bian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Gang Du
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Man Fai Ip
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiology, Macau Kernel Earl General Hospital, Macau 820200, P.R. China
| | - Juan Ding
- Department of Cardiology, North Branch, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Zicheng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
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21
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Badner A, Vawda R, Laliberte A, Hong J, Mikhail M, Jose A, Dragas R, Fehlings M. Early Intravenous Delivery of Human Brain Stromal Cells Modulates Systemic Inflammation and Leads to Vasoprotection in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:991-1003. [PMID: 27245367 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED : Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a life-threatening condition with multifaceted complications and limited treatment options. In SCI, the initial physical trauma is closely followed by a series of secondary events, including inflammation and blood spinal cord barrier (BSCB) disruption, which further exacerbate injury. This secondary pathology is partially mediated by the systemic immune response to trauma, in which cytokine production leads to the recruitment/activation of inflammatory cells. Because early intravenous delivery of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) has been shown to mitigate inflammation in various models of neurologic disease, this study aimed to assess these effects in a rat model of SCI (C7-T1, 35-gram clip compression) using human brain-derived stromal cells. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction for a human-specific DNA sequence was used to assess cell biodistribution/clearance and confirmed that only a small proportion (approximately 0.001%-0.002%) of cells are delivered to the spinal cord, with the majority residing in the lung, liver, and spleen. Intriguingly, although cell populations drastically declined in all aforementioned organs, there remained a persistent population in the spleen at 7 days. Furthermore, the cell infusion significantly increased splenic and circulating levels of interleukin-10-a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine. Through this suppression of the systemic inflammatory response, the cells also reduced acute spinal cord BSCB permeability, hemorrhage, and lesion volume. These early effects further translated into enhanced functional recovery and tissue sparing 10 weeks after SCI. This work demonstrates an exciting therapeutic approach whereby a minimally invasive cell-transplantation procedure can effectively reduce secondary damage after SCI through systemic immunomodulation. SIGNIFICANCE Central nervous system pericytes (perivascular stromal cells) have recently gained significant attention within the scientific community. In addition to being recognized as major players in neurotrauma, pericytes have been discovered to share a common origin and potentially function with traditionally defined mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Although there have been several in vitro comparisons, the in vivo therapeutic application of human brain-derived stromal cells has not been previously evaluated. This study demonstrates that these cells not only display a MSC phenotype in vitro but also have similar in vivo immunomodulatory effects after spinal cord injury that are more potent than those of non-central nervous system tissue-derived cells. Therefore, these cells are of great interest for therapeutic use in spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Badner
- Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Reaz Vawda
- Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alex Laliberte
- Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James Hong
- Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mirriam Mikhail
- Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alejandro Jose
- Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel Dragas
- Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Fehlings
- Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada Spinal Program, University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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22
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Xu Z, Ohtaki H, Watanabe J, Miyamoto K, Murai N, Sasaki S, Matsumoto M, Hashimoto H, Hiraizumi Y, Numazawa S, Shioda S. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) contributes to the proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cells in murine bone marrow via PACAP-specific receptor. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22373. [PMID: 26925806 PMCID: PMC4772629 DOI: 10.1038/srep22373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP, encoded by adcyap1) plays an important role in ectodermal development. However, the involvement of PACAP in the development of other germ layers is still unclear. This study assessed the expression of a PACAP-specific receptor (PAC1) gene and protein in mouse bone marrow (BM). Cells strongly expressing PAC1+ were large in size, had oval nuclei, and merged with CD34+ cells, suggesting that the former were hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). Compared with wild-type mice, adcyap1−/− mice exhibited lower multiple potential progenitor cell populations and cell frequency in the S-phase of the cell cycle. Exogenous PACAP38 significantly increased the numbers of colony forming unit-granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-GM) with two peaks in semi-solid culture. PACAP also increased the expression of cyclinD1 and Ki67 mRNAs. These increases were completely and partially inhibited by the PACAP receptor antagonists, PACAP6-38 and VIP6-28, respectively. Little or no adcyap1 was expressed in BM and the number of CFU-GM colonies was similar in adcyap1−/− and wild-type mice. However, PACAP mRNA and protein were expressed in paravertebral sympathetic ganglia, which innervate tibial BM, and in the sympathetic fibers of BM cavity. These results suggested that sympathetic nerve innervation may be responsible for PACAP-regulated hematopoiesis in BM, mainly via PAC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.,Division of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, Showa University School of Pharmacy, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.,Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Ohtaki
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Jun Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.,Center for Biotechnology, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Miyamoto
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Murai
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Shun Sasaki
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Minako Matsumoto
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hiraizumi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Numazawa
- Division of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, Showa University School of Pharmacy, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Seiji Shioda
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.,Peptide Drug Innovation, Global Research Center for Innovative Life Science, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
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23
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Laroni A, Rosbo NKD, Uccelli A. Mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of neurological diseases: Immunoregulation beyond neuroprotection. Immunol Lett 2015; 168:183-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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24
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Shioda S, Nakamachi T. PACAP as a neuroprotective factor in ischemic neuronal injuries. Peptides 2015; 72:202-7. [PMID: 26275482 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a 27- or 38-amino acid neuropeptide, which belongs to the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide/glucagon/secretin family. PACAP and its three receptor subtypes are expressed in neural tissues, with PACAP known to exert pleiotropic effects on the nervous system. This review provides an overview of current knowledge regarding the neuroprotective effects, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic potential of PACAP in response to ischemic brain injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Shioda
- Global Research Center for Innovative Life Science, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Tomoya Nakamachi
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
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