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Midavaine É, Brouillette RL, Théberge E, Mona CE, Kashem SW, Côté J, Zeugin V, Besserer-Offroy É, Longpré JM, Marsault É, Sarret P. Discovery of a CCR2-targeting pepducin therapy for chronic pain. Pharmacol Res 2024; 205:107242. [PMID: 38823470 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Targeting the CCL2/CCR2 chemokine axis has been shown to be effective at relieving pain in rodent models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain, therefore representing a promising avenue for the development of non-opioid analgesics. However, clinical trials targeting this receptor for inflammatory conditions and painful neuropathies have failed to meet expectations and have all been discontinued due to lack of efficacy. To overcome the poor selectivity of CCR2 chemokine receptor antagonists, we generated and characterized the function of intracellular cell-penetrating allosteric modulators targeting CCR2, namely pepducins. In vivo, chronic intrathecal administration of the CCR2-selective pepducin PP101 was effective in alleviating neuropathic and bone cancer pain. In the setting of bone metastases, we found that T cells infiltrate dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and induce long-lasting pain hypersensitivity. By acting on CCR2-expressing DRG neurons, PP101 attenuated the altered phenotype of sensory neurons as well as the neuroinflammatory milieu of DRGs, and reduced bone cancer pain by blocking CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration. Notably, PP101 demonstrated its efficacy in targeting the neuropathic component of bone cancer pain, as evidenced by its anti-nociceptive effects in a model of chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve. Importantly, PP101-induced reduction of CCR2 signaling in DRGs did not result in deleterious tumor progression or adverse behavioral effects. Thus, targeting neuroimmune crosstalk through allosteric inhibition of CCR2 could represent an effective and safe avenue for the management of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Élora Midavaine
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Institute of pharmacology of Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Rebecca L Brouillette
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Institute of pharmacology of Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Théberge
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Institute of pharmacology of Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Christine E Mona
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Institute of pharmacology of Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Sakeen W Kashem
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jérôme Côté
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Institute of pharmacology of Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Vera Zeugin
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Institute of pharmacology of Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Élie Besserer-Offroy
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Institute of pharmacology of Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jean-Michel Longpré
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Institute of pharmacology of Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Éric Marsault
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Institute of pharmacology of Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Philippe Sarret
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Institute of pharmacology of Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
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2
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Gilabert D, Duveau A, Carracedo S, Linck N, Langla A, Muramatsu R, Koch-Nolte F, Rassendren F, Grutter T, Fossat P, Boué-Grabot E, Ulmann L. Microglial P2X4 receptors are essential for spinal neurons hyperexcitability and tactile allodynia in male and female neuropathic mice. iScience 2023; 26:108110. [PMID: 37860691 PMCID: PMC10583052 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In neuropathic pain, recent evidence has highlighted a sex-dependent role of the P2X4 receptor in spinal microglia in the development of tactile allodynia following nerve injury. Here, using internalization-defective P2X4mCherryIN knockin mice (P2X4KI), we demonstrate that increased cell surface expression of P2X4 induces hypersensitivity to mechanical stimulations and hyperexcitability in spinal cord neurons of both male and female naive mice. During neuropathy, both wild-type (WT) and P2X4KI mice of both sexes develop tactile allodynia accompanied by spinal neuron hyperexcitability. These responses are selectively associated with P2X4, as they are absent in global P2X4KO or myeloid-specific P2X4KO mice. We show that P2X4 is de novo expressed in reactive microglia in neuropathic WT and P2X4KI mice of both sexes and that tactile allodynia is relieved by pharmacological blockade of P2X4 or TrkB. These results show that the upregulation of P2X4 in microglia is crucial for neuropathic pain, regardless of sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Gilabert
- IGF, University Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, F-34094 Montpellier, France
- LabEx Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexia Duveau
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sara Carracedo
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Linck
- IGF, University Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, F-34094 Montpellier, France
- LabEx Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Montpellier, France
| | - Adeline Langla
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Rieko Muramatsu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Friedrich Koch-Nolte
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - François Rassendren
- IGF, University Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, F-34094 Montpellier, France
- LabEx Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Montpellier, France
| | - Thomas Grutter
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, CAMB UMR 7199, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Pascal Fossat
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Eric Boué-Grabot
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Lauriane Ulmann
- IGF, University Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, F-34094 Montpellier, France
- LabEx Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Montpellier, France
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3
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Fiore NT, Keating BA, Chen Y, Williams SI, Moalem-Taylor G. Differential Effects of Regulatory T Cells in the Meninges and Spinal Cord of Male and Female Mice with Neuropathic Pain. Cells 2023; 12:2317. [PMID: 37759539 PMCID: PMC10527659 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune cells play a critical role in promoting neuroinflammation and the development of neuropathic pain. However, some subsets of immune cells are essential for pain resolution. Among them are regulatory T cells (Tregs), a specialised subpopulation of T cells that limit excessive immune responses and preserve immune homeostasis. In this study, we utilised intrathecal adoptive transfer of activated Tregs in male and female mice after peripheral nerve injury to investigate Treg migration and whether Treg-mediated suppression of pain behaviours is associated with changes in peripheral immune cell populations in lymphoid and meningeal tissues and spinal microglial and astrocyte reactivity and phenotypes. Treatment with Tregs suppressed mechanical pain hypersensitivity and improved changes in exploratory behaviours after chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve in both male and female mice. The injected Treg cells were detected in the choroid plexus and the pia mater and in peripheral lymphoid organs in both male and female recipient mice. Nonetheless, Treg treatment resulted in differential changes in meningeal and lymph node immune cell profiles in male and female mice. Moreover, in male mice, adoptive transfer of Tregs ameliorated the CCI-induced increase in microglia reactivity and inflammatory phenotypic shift, increasing M2-like phenotypic markers and attenuating astrocyte reactivity and neurotoxic astrocytes. Contrastingly, in CCI female mice, Treg injection increased astrocyte reactivity and neuroprotective astrocytes. These findings show that the adoptive transfer of Tregs modulates meningeal and peripheral immunity, as well as spinal glial populations, and alleviates neuropathic pain, potentially through different mechanisms in males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gila Moalem-Taylor
- Translational Neuroscience Facility, Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (N.T.F.); (B.A.K.); (Y.C.); (S.I.W.)
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4
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Lesnak JB, Mazhar K, Price TJ. Neuroimmune Mechanisms Underlying Post-acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) Pain, Predictions from a Ligand-Receptor Interactome. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2023; 25:169-181. [PMID: 37300737 PMCID: PMC10256978 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-023-01107-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Individuals with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) complain of persistent musculoskeletal pain. Determining how COVID-19 infection produces persistent pain would be valuable for the development of therapeutics aimed at alleviating these symptoms. RECENT FINDINGS To generate hypotheses regarding neuroimmune interactions in PASC, we used a ligand-receptor interactome to make predictions about how ligands from PBMCs in individuals with COVID-19 communicate with dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons to induce persistent pain. In a structured literature review of -omics COVID-19 studies, we identified ligands capable of binding to receptors on DRG neurons, which stimulate signaling pathways including immune cell activation and chemotaxis, the complement system, and type I interferon signaling. The most consistent finding across immune cell types was an upregulation of genes encoding the alarmins S100A8/9 and MHC-I. This ligand-receptor interactome, from our hypothesis-generating literature review, can be used to guide future research surrounding mechanisms of PASC-induced pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B Lesnak
- School for Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, BSB 14.102G, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Khadijah Mazhar
- School for Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, BSB 14.102G, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Theodore J Price
- School for Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, BSB 14.102G, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
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5
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Dou X, Chen R, Yang J, Dai M, Long J, Sun S, Lin Y. The potential role of T-cell metabolism-related molecules in chronic neuropathic pain after nerve injury: a narrative review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1107298. [PMID: 37266437 PMCID: PMC10229812 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1107298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a common type of chronic pain, primarily caused by peripheral nerve injury. Different T-cell subtypes play various roles in neuropathic pain caused by peripheral nerve damage. Peripheral nerve damage can lead to co-infiltration of neurons and other inflammatory cells, thereby altering the cellular microenvironment and affecting cellular metabolism. By elaborating on the above, we first relate chronic pain to T-cell energy metabolism. Then we summarize the molecules that have affected T-cell energy metabolism in the past five years and divide them into two categories. The first category could play a role in neuropathic pain, and we explain their roles in T-cell function and chronic pain, respectively. The second category has not yet been involved in neuropathic pain, and we focus on how they affect T-cell function by influencing T-cell metabolism. By discussing the above content, this review provides a reference for studying the direct relationship between chronic pain and T-cell metabolism and searching for potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of chronic pain on the level of T-cell energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Dou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juexi Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Maosha Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junhao Long
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shujun Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pain, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Abstract
Interactions between the immune and nervous systems are of central importance in neuropathic pain, a common and debilitating form of chronic pain caused by a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system. Our understanding of neuroimmune interactions in pain research has advanced considerably. Initially considered as passive bystanders, then as culprits in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain, immune responses in the nervous system are now established to underpin not only the initiation and progression of pain but also its resolution. Indeed, immune cells and their mediators are well-established promoters of neuroinflammation at each level of the neural pain pathway that contributes to pain hypersensitivity. However, emerging evidence indicates that specific subtypes of immune cells (including antinociceptive macrophages, pain-resolving microglia and T regulatory cells) as well as immunoresolvent molecules and modulators of the gut microbiota-immune system axis can reduce the pain experience and contribute to the resolution of neuropathic pain. This Review provides an overview of the immune mechanisms responsible for the resolution of neuropathic pain, including those involved in innate, adaptive and meningeal immunity as well as interactions with the gut microbiome. Specialized pro-resolving mediators and therapeutic approaches that target these neuroimmune mechanisms are also discussed.
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7
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Ghazisaeidi S, Muley MM, Salter MW. Neuropathic Pain: Mechanisms, Sex Differences, and Potential Therapies for a Global Problem. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 63:565-583. [PMID: 36662582 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-051421-112259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The study of chronic pain continues to generate ever-increasing numbers of publications, but safe and efficacious treatments for chronic pain remain elusive. Recognition of sex-specific mechanisms underlying chronic pain has resulted in a surge of studies that include both sexes. A predominant focus has been on identifying sex differences, yet many newly identified cellular mechanisms and alterations in gene expression are conserved between the sexes. Here we review sex differences and similarities in cellular and molecular signals that drive the generation and resolution of neuropathic pain. The mix of differences and similarities reflects degeneracy in peripheral and central signaling processes by which neurons, immune cells, and glia codependently drive pain hypersensitivity. Recent findings identifying critical signaling nodes foreshadow the development of rationally designed, broadly applicable analgesic strategies. However, the paucity of effective, safe pain treatments compels targeted therapies as well to increase therapeutic options that help reduce the global burden of suffering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Ghazisaeidi
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto Centre for the Study of Pain, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Milind M Muley
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
- University of Toronto Centre for the Study of Pain, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael W Salter
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto Centre for the Study of Pain, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Kwilasz AJ, Clements MA, Larson TA, Harris KM, Litwiler ST, Woodall BJ, Todd LS, Schrama AEW, Mitten EH, Maier SF, Van Dam AM, Rice KC, Watkins LR. Involvement of TLR2-TLR4, NLRP3, and IL-17 in pain induced by a novel Sprague-Dawley rat model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 3:932530. [PMID: 36176709 PMCID: PMC9513159 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.932530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Up to 92% of patients suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS) experience pain, most without adequate treatment, and many report pain long before motor symptoms associated with MS diagnosis. In the most commonly studied rodent model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), motor impairments/disabilities caused by EAE can interfere with pain testing. In this study, we characterize a novel low-dose myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein (MOG)-induced Sprague-Dawley (SD) model of EAE-related pain in male rats, optimized to minimize motor impairments/disabilities. Adult male SD rats were treated with increasing doses of intradermal myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein (MOG1-125) (0, 4, 8, and 16 μg) in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) vehicle to induce mild EAE. Von Frey testing and motor assessments were conducted prior to EAE induction and then weekly thereafter to assess EAE-induced pain and motor impairment. Results from these studies demonstrated that doses of 8 and 16 μg MOG1-125 were sufficient to produce stable mechanical allodynia for up to 1 month in the absence of hindpaw motor impairments/disabilities. In the follow-up studies, these doses of MOG1-125, were administered to create allodynia in the absence of confounded motor impairments. Then, 2 weeks later, rats began daily subcutaneous injections of the Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 (TLR2-TLR4) antagonist (+)-naltrexone [(+)-NTX] or saline for an additional 13 days. We found that (+)-NTX also reverses EAE-induced mechanical allodynia in the MOG-induced SD rat model of EAE, supporting parallels between models, but now allowing a protracted timecourse to be examined completely free of motor confounds. Exploring further mechanisms, we demonstrated that both spinal NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) are necessary for EAE-induced pain, as intrathecal injections of NLRP3 antagonist MCC950 and IL-17 neutralizing antibody both acutely reversed EAE-induced pain. Finally, we show that spinal glial immunoreactivity induced by EAE is reversed by (+)-NTX, and that spinal demyelination correlates with the severity of motor impairments/disabilities. These findings characterize an optimized MOG-induced SD rat model of EAE for the study of pain with minimal motor impairments/disabilities. Finally, these studies support the role of TLR2-TLR4 antagonists as a potential treatment for MS-related pain and other pain and inflammatory-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Kwilasz
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
- The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Madison A. Clements
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
- The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Tracey A. Larson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
- The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Kevin M. Harris
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
- The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Scott T. Litwiler
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
- The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Brodie J. Woodall
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
- The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Laurel S. Todd
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
- The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Anouk E. W. Schrama
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
- The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Eric H. Mitten
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
- The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Steven F. Maier
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
- The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Anne-Marie Van Dam
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kenner C. Rice
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Linda R. Watkins
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
- The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
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9
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Su PYP, Zhang L, He L, Zhao N, Guan Z. The Role of Neuro-Immune Interactions in Chronic Pain: Implications for Clinical Practice. J Pain Res 2022; 15:2223-2248. [PMID: 35957964 PMCID: PMC9359791 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s246883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yi Paul Su
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lingyi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangliang He
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pain Management, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhonghui Guan
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Correspondence: Zhonghui Guan, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA, Tel +415.885.7246, Fax +415.885.7575, Email
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10
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Yang JX, Wang HF, Chen JZ, Li HY, Hu JC, Yu AA, Wen JJ, Chen SJ, Lai WD, Wang S, Jin Y, Yu J. Potential Neuroimmune Interaction in Chronic Pain: A Review on Immune Cells in Peripheral and Central Sensitization. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 3:946846. [PMID: 35859655 PMCID: PMC9289261 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.946846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a long-standing unpleasant sensory and emotional feeling that has a tremendous impact on the physiological functions of the body, manifesting itself as a dysfunction of the nervous system, which can occur with peripheral and central sensitization. Many recent studies have shown that a variety of common immune cells in the immune system are involved in chronic pain by acting on the peripheral or central nervous system, especially in the autoimmune diseases. This article reviews the mechanisms of regulation of the sensory nervous system by neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells, B cells, T cells, and central glial cells. In addition, we discuss in more detail the influence of each immune cell on the initiation, maintenance, and resolution of chronic pain. Neutrophils, macrophages, and mast cells as intrinsic immune cells can induce the transition from acute to chronic pain and its maintenance; B cells and T cells as adaptive immune cells are mainly involved in the initiation of chronic pain, and T cells also contribute to the resolution of it; the role of glial cells in the nervous system can be extended to the beginning and end of chronic pain. This article aims to promote the understanding of the neuroimmune mechanisms of chronic pain, and to provide new therapeutic ideas and strategies for the control of chronic pain at the immune cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xuan Yang
- Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Fei Wang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Zhun Chen
- Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han-Yu Li
- Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Chen Hu
- Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - An-An Yu
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Jun Wen
- Institute of Clinical Fundamentals of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Si-Jia Chen
- Institute of Clinical Fundamentals of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Dong Lai
- Institute of Clinical Fundamentals of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Song Wang
- Institute of Clinical Fundamentals of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Jin
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Clinical Fundamentals of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
- Jie Yu
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11
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Zhou L, Kong G, Palmisano I, Cencioni MT, Danzi M, De Virgiliis F, Chadwick JS, Crawford G, Yu Z, De Winter F, Lemmon V, Bixby J, Puttagunta R, Verhaagen J, Pospori C, Lo Celso C, Strid J, Botto M, Di Giovanni S. Reversible CD8 T cell-neuron cross-talk causes aging-dependent neuronal regenerative decline. Science 2022; 376:eabd5926. [PMID: 35549409 DOI: 10.1126/science.abd5926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with increased prevalence of axonal injuries characterized by poor regeneration and disability. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In our experiments, RNA sequencing of sciatic dorsal root ganglia (DRG) revealed significant aging-dependent enrichment in T cell signaling both before and after sciatic nerve injury (SNI) in mice. Lymphotoxin activated the transcription factor NF-κB, which induced expression of the chemokine CXCL13 by neurons. This in turn recruited CXCR5+CD8+ T cells to injured DRG neurons overexpressing major histocompatibility complex class I. CD8+ T cells repressed the axonal regeneration of DRG neurons via caspase 3 activation. CXCL13 neutralization prevented CXCR5+CD8+ T cell recruitment to the DRG and reversed aging-dependent regenerative decline, thereby promoting neurological recovery after SNI. Thus, axonal regeneration can be facilitated by antagonizing cross-talk between immune cells and neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luming Zhou
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Guiping Kong
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ilaria Palmisano
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Teresa Cencioni
- Division of Neurology, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Matt Danzi
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Francesco De Virgiliis
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jessica S Chadwick
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Greg Crawford
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Zicheng Yu
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Fred De Winter
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Vance Lemmon
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - John Bixby
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Radhika Puttagunta
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joost Verhaagen
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Constandina Pospori
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Cristina Lo Celso
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Jessica Strid
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marina Botto
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Simone Di Giovanni
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
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12
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Harris KM, Clements MA, Kwilasz AJ, Watkins LR. T cell transgressions: Tales of T cell form and function in diverse disease states. Int Rev Immunol 2022; 41:475-516. [PMID: 34152881 PMCID: PMC8752099 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1921764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Insights into T cell form, function, and dysfunction are rapidly evolving. T cells have remarkably varied effector functions including protecting the host from infection, activating cells of the innate immune system, releasing cytokines and chemokines, and heavily contributing to immunological memory. Under healthy conditions, T cells orchestrate a finely tuned attack on invading pathogens while minimizing damage to the host. The dark side of T cells is that they also exhibit autoreactivity and inflict harm to host cells, creating autoimmunity. The mechanisms of T cell autoreactivity are complex and dynamic. Emerging research is elucidating the mechanisms leading T cells to become autoreactive and how such responses cause or contribute to diverse disease states, both peripherally and within the central nervous system. This review provides foundational information on T cell development, differentiation, and functions. Key T cell subtypes, cytokines that create their effector roles, and sex differences are highlighted. Pathological T cell contributions to diverse peripheral and central disease states, arising from errors in reactivity, are highlighted, with a focus on multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, neuropathic pain, and type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Linda R. Watkins
- Corresponding author: Ph: 720-387-0304, Fax: 303-735-8290, , Address: 2860 Wilderness Place, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80301
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13
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Lasagni Vitar RM, Bonelli F, Rama P, Ferrari G. Immunity and pain in the eye: focus on the ocular surface. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 207:149-163. [PMID: 35020868 PMCID: PMC8982975 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxab032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Most ocular diseases are associated with pain. While pain has been generally considered a mere (deleterious) additional symptom, it is now emerging that it is a key modulator of innate/adaptive immunity. Because the cornea receives the highest nerve density of the entire body, it is an ideal site to demonstrate interactions between pain and the immune response. Indeed, most neuropeptides involved in pain generation are also potent regulators of innate and adaptive leukocyte physiology. On the other hand, most inflammatory cells can modulate the generation of ocular pain through release of specific mediators (cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and lipid mediators). This review will discuss the reciprocal role(s) of ocular surface (and specifically: corneal) pain on the immune response of the eye. Finally, we will discuss the clinical implications of such reciprocal interactions in the context of highly prevalent corneal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Mayra Lasagni Vitar
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Bonelli
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Rama
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Ferrari
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy,Correspondence: Giulio Ferrari, Cornea and Ocular Surface Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. E-mail:
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14
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Macrophage Activation in the Dorsal Root Ganglion in Rats Developing Autotomy after Peripheral Nerve Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312801. [PMID: 34884605 PMCID: PMC8657625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autotomy, self-mutilation of a denervated limb, is common in animals after peripheral nerve injury (PNI) and is a reliable proxy for neuropathic pain in humans. Understanding the occurrence and treatment of autotomy remains challenging. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of autotomy in nude and Wistar rats and evaluate the differences in macrophage activation and fiber sensitization contributing to the understanding of autotomy behavior. Autotomy in nude and Wistar rats was observed and evaluated 6 and 12 weeks after sciatic nerve repair surgery. The numbers of macrophages and the types of neurons in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) between the two groups were compared by immunofluorescence studies. Immunostaining of T cells in the DRG was also assessed. Nude rats engaged in autotomy with less frequency than Wistar rats. Autotomy symptoms were also relatively less severe in nude rats. Immunofluorescence studies revealed increased macrophage accumulation and activation in the DRG of Wistar rats. The percentage of NF200+ neurons was higher at 6 and 12 weeks in Wistar rats compared to nude rats, but the percentage of CGRP+ neurons did not differ between two groups. Additionally, macrophages were concentrated around NF200-labeled A fibers. At 6 and 12 weeks following PNI, CD4+ T cells were not found in the DRG of the two groups. The accumulation and activation of macrophages in the DRG may account for the increased frequency and severity of autotomy in Wistar rats. Our results also suggest that A fiber neurons in the DRG play an important role in autotomy.
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15
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Galvin DA, C M. The role of T-lymphocytes in neuropathic pain initiation, development of chronicity and treatment. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 18:100371. [PMID: 34761242 PMCID: PMC8566770 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ongoing research has strongly suggested the role the immune system plays in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. T cells appear to be one of the main regulators of the immune system with many mediators appearing to promote or suppress pain resolution. Limited effective therapies are available for treatment of neuropathic pain. Treatments available appear to modulate specific T cell with altered ratios present 3 months post treatment and parallels clinical improvement. This further supports the neuro-immune basis for neuropathic pain chronicity. Identification of novel immune mediators involved in pain development may suggest new target areas in treatment. Neuroimmunity plays a significant role in neuropathic pain pathogenesis neuropathic pain. Immune mediators contribute to promotion, suppression or resolution of neuropathic pain. Clinical studies in humans are lacking, most research available is pre-clinical or animal-based. Evidence-based therapies for treatment of neuropathic pain demonstrate alteration in T cell phenotype and behavior post therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Galvin
- Department of Pain Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland.,Hermitage Medical Clinic, Old Lucan Road, Dublin 20, Ireland
| | - McCrory C
- Department of Pain Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland.,Hermitage Medical Clinic, Old Lucan Road, Dublin 20, Ireland
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16
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Ding YQ, Qi JG. Sensory root demyelination: Transforming touch into pain. Glia 2021; 70:397-413. [PMID: 34549463 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The normal feeling of touch is vital for nearly every aspect of our daily life. However, touching is not always felt as touch, but also abnormally as pain under numerous diseased conditions. For either mechanistic understanding of the faithful feeling of touch or clinical management of chronic pain, there is an essential need to thoroughly dissect the neuropathological changes that lead to painful touch or tactile allodynia and their corresponding cellular and molecular underpinnings. In recent years, we have seen remarkable progress in our understanding of the neural circuits for painful touch, with an increasing emphasis on the upstream roles of non-neuronal cells. As a highly specialized form of axon ensheathment by glial cells in jawed vertebrates, myelin sheaths not only mediate their outstanding neural functions via saltatory impulse propagation of temporal and spatial precision, but also support long-term neuronal/axonal integrity via metabolic and neurotrophic coupling. Therefore, myelinopathies have been implicated in diverse neuropsychiatric diseases, which are traditionally recognized as a result of the dysfunctions of neural circuits. However, whether myelinopathies can transform touch into pain remains a long-standing question. By summarizing and reframing the fragmentary but accumulating evidence so far, the present review indicates that sensory root demyelination represents a hitherto underappreciated neuropathological change for most neuropathic conditions of painful touch and offers an insightful window into faithful tactile sensation as well as a potential therapeutic target for intractable painful touch.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Quan Ding
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Neurobiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian-Guo Qi
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Neurobiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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17
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Bethea JR, Fischer R. Role of Peripheral Immune Cells for Development and Recovery of Chronic Pain. Front Immunol 2021; 12:641588. [PMID: 33692810 PMCID: PMC7937804 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.641588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic neuropathic pain (CNP) is caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system. It affects ~8% of the general population and negatively impacts a person's level of functioning and quality of life. Its resistance to available pain therapies makes CNP a major unmet medical need. Immune cells have been shown to play a role for development, maintenance and recovery of CNP and therefore are attractive targets for novel pain therapies. In particular, in neuropathic mice and humans, microglia are activated in the dorsal horn and peripheral immune cells infiltrate the nervous system to promote chronic neuroinflammation and contribute to the initiation and progression of CNP. Importantly, immunity not only controls pain development and maintenance, but is also essential for pain resolution. In particular, regulatory T cells, a subpopulation of T lymphocytes with immune regulatory function, and macrophages were shown to be important contributors to pain recovery. In this review we summarize the interactions of the peripheral immune system with the nervous system and outline their contribution to the development and recovery of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Bethea
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Roman Fischer
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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18
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Davoli-Ferreira M, de Lima KA, Fonseca MM, Guimarães RM, Gomes FI, Cavallini MC, Quadros AU, Kusuda R, Cunha FQ, Alves-Filho JC, Cunha TM. Regulatory T cells counteract neuropathic pain through inhibition of the Th1 response at the site of peripheral nerve injury. Pain 2020; 161:1730-1743. [PMID: 32701834 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory/immune response at the site of peripheral nerve injury participates in the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain. Nevertheless, little is known about the local regulatory mechanisms underlying peripheral nerve injury that counteracts the development of pain. Here, we investigated the contribution of regulatory T (Treg) cells to the development of neuropathic pain by using a partial sciatic nerve ligation model in mice. We showed that Treg cells infiltrate and proliferate in the site of peripheral nerve injury. Local Treg cells suppressed the development of neuropathic pain mainly through the inhibition of the CD4 Th1 response. Treg cells also indirectly reduced neuronal damage and neuroinflammation at the level of the sensory ganglia. Finally, we identified IL-10 signaling as an intrinsic mechanism by which Treg cells counteract neuropathic pain development. These results revealed Treg cells as important inhibitory modulators of the immune response at the site of peripheral nerve injury that restrains the development of neuropathic pain. In conclusion, the boosting of Treg cell function/activity might be explored as a possible interventional approach to reduce neuropathic pain development after peripheral nerve damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Davoli-Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. Dr. de Lima is now with the Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States. Dr. Fonseca is now with the Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Mechanisms Laboratory, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Kalil A de Lima
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. Dr. de Lima is now with the Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States. Dr. Fonseca is now with the Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Mechanisms Laboratory, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Miriam M Fonseca
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaela M Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco I Gomes
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria C Cavallini
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. Dr. de Lima is now with the Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States. Dr. Fonseca is now with the Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Mechanisms Laboratory, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Andreza U Quadros
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Kusuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Q Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose C Alves-Filho
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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19
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Qualitative sex differences in pain processing: emerging evidence of a biased literature. Nat Rev Neurosci 2020; 21:353-365. [PMID: 32440016 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-020-0310-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although most patients with chronic pain are women, the preclinical literature regarding pain processing and the pathophysiology of chronic pain has historically been derived overwhelmingly from the study of male rodents. This Review describes how the recent adoption by a number of funding agencies of policies mandating the incorporation of sex as a biological variable into preclinical research has correlated with an increase in the number of studies investigating sex differences in pain and analgesia. Trends in the field are analysed, with a focus on newly published findings of qualitative sex differences: that is, those findings that are suggestive of differential processing mechanisms in each sex. It is becoming increasingly clear that robust differences exist in the genetic, molecular, cellular and systems-level mechanisms of acute and chronic pain processing in male and female rodents and humans.
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20
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Mechanical allodynia in mice with tenascin-X deficiency associated with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6569. [PMID: 32300146 PMCID: PMC7162960 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63499-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tenascin-X (TNX) is a member of the extracellular matrix glycoprotein tenascin family, and TNX deficiency leads to Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, a heritable human disorder characterized mostly by skin hyperextensibility, joint hypermobility, and easy bruising. TNX-deficient patients complain of chronic joint pain, myalgia, paresthesia, and axonal polyneuropathy. However, the molecular mechanisms by which TNX deficiency complicates pain are unknown. Here, we examined the nociceptive behavioral responses of TNX-deficient mice. Compared with wild-type mice, TNX-deficient mice exhibited mechanical allodynia but not thermal hyperalgesia. TNX deficiency also increased pain sensitivity to chemical stimuli and aggravated early inflammatory pain elicited by formalin. TNX-deficient mice were significantly hypersensitive to transcutaneous sine wave stimuli at frequencies of 250 Hz (Aδ fiber responses) and 2000 Hz (Aβ fiber responses), but not to stimuli at frequency of 5 Hz (C fiber responses). In addition, the phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal-related kinase, an active neuronal marker, and the activity of NADPH-diaphorase, a neuronal nitric oxide activation marker, were enhanced in the spinal dorsal horns of TNX-deficient mice. These results suggest that TNX deficiency contributes to the development of mechanical allodynia and hypersensitivity to chemical stimuli, and it induces hypersensitization of myelinated A fibers and activation of the spinal dorsal horn.
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21
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Li HL, Huang Y, Zhou YL, Teng RH, Zhou SZ, Lin JP, Yang Y, Zhu SM, Xu H, Yao YX. C-X-C Motif Chemokine 10 Contributes to the Development of Neuropathic Pain by Increasing the Permeability of the Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier. Front Immunol 2020; 11:477. [PMID: 32265928 PMCID: PMC7098954 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is among the most debilitating forms of chronic pain. Studies have suggested that chronic pain pathogenesis involves neuroimmune interactions and blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) disruption. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We modeled neuropathic pain in rats by inducing chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve and analyzed the effects on C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10)/CXCR3 activation, BSCB permeability, and immune cell migration from the circulation into the spinal cord. We detected CXCR3 expression in spinal neurons and observed that CCI induced CXCL10/CXCR3 activation, BSCB disruption, and mechanical hyperalgesia. CCI-induced BSCB disruption enabled circulating T cells to migrate into the spinal parenchyma. Intrathecal administration of an anti-CXCL10 antibody not only attenuated CCI-induced hyperalgesia, but also reduced BSCB permeability, suggesting that CXCL10 acts as a key regulator of BSCB integrity. Moreover, T cell migration may play a critical role in the neuroimmune interactions involved in the pathogenesis of CCI-induced neuropathic pain. Our results highlight CXCL10 as a new potential drug target for the treatment of nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ling Li
- Department of Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Anesthesia, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Anesthesia, The Central Hospital of Lishui City, Lishui, China
| | - Ya-Lan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesia, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Run-Hua Teng
- Department of Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Zhuan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesia, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Piao Lin
- Department of Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Centre for Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng-Mei Zhu
- Department of Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Xu
- Department of Anesthesia, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Xing Yao
- Department of Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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22
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Ding YQ, Luo H, Qi JG. MHCII-restricted T helper cells: an emerging trigger for chronic tactile allodynia after nerve injuries. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:3. [PMID: 31900220 PMCID: PMC6942353 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1684-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nerve injury-induced chronic pain has been an urgent problem for both public health and clinical practice. While transition to chronic pain is not an inevitable consequence of nerve injuries, the susceptibility/resilience factors and mechanisms for chronic neuropathic pain after nerve injuries still remain unknown. Current preclinical and clinical studies, with certain notable limitations, have shown that major histocompatibility complex class II–restricted T helper (Th) cells is an important trigger for nerve injury-induced chronic tactile allodynia, one of the most prevalent and intractable clinical symptoms of neuropathic pain. Moreover, the precise pathogenic neuroimmune interfaces for Th cells remain controversial, not to mention the detailed pathogenic mechanisms. In this review, depending on the biology of Th cells in a neuroimmunological perspective, we summarize what is currently known about Th cells as a trigger for chronic tactile allodynia after nerve injuries, with a focus on identifying what inconsistencies are evident. Then, we discuss how an interdisciplinary perspective would improve the understanding of Th cells as a trigger for chronic tactile allodynia after nerve injuries. Finally, we hope that the expected new findings in the near future would translate into new therapeutic strategies via targeting Th cells in the context of precision medicine to either prevent or reverse chronic neuropathic tactile allodynia.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Quan Ding
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Neurobiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, No 17, Section 3, South Ren-min road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Han Luo
- Department of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian-Guo Qi
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Neurobiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, No 17, Section 3, South Ren-min road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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23
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Laumet G, Ma J, Robison AJ, Kumari S, Heijnen CJ, Kavelaars A. T Cells as an Emerging Target for Chronic Pain Therapy. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:216. [PMID: 31572125 PMCID: PMC6749081 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is critically involved in the development and maintenance of chronic pain. However, T cells, one of the main regulators of the immune response, have only recently become a focus of investigations on chronic pain pathophysiology. Emerging clinical data suggest that patients with chronic pain have a different phenotypic profile of circulating T cells compared to controls. At the preclinical level, findings on the function of T cells are mixed and differ between nerve injury, chemotherapy, and inflammatory models of persistent pain. Depending on the type of injury, the subset of T cells and the sex of the animal, T cells may contribute to the onset and/or the resolution of pain, underlining T cells as a major player in the transition from acute to chronic pain. Specific T cell subsets release mediators such as cytokines and endogenous opioid peptides that can promote, suppress, or even resolve pain. Inhibiting the pain-promoting functions of T cells and/or enhancing the beneficial effects of pro-resolution T cells may offer new disease-modifying strategies for the treatment of chronic pain, a critical need in view of the current opioid crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffroy Laumet
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jiacheng Ma
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Alfred J Robison
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Susmita Kumari
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Cobi J Heijnen
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Annemieke Kavelaars
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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Increased pain sensitivity and decreased opioid analgesia in T-cell-deficient mice and implications for sex differences. Pain 2019; 160:358-366. [PMID: 30335680 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The processing of pain in the central nervous system is now known to have an important immune component, including T cells of the adaptive immune system. T cells have been shown to release endogenous opioids, and although it is well known that opioids have effects on T-cell populations, very little attention has been given to the converse: how T cells may affect opioid regulation. We find here that, in addition to displaying significantly increased baseline pain sensitivity across various pain modalities, T-cell-deficient mice (CD-1 nude, Rag1 null mutant, and Cd4 null mutant) exhibit pronounced deficiencies in morphine inhibition of thermal or inflammatory pain. Nude mice are also deficient in endogenous opioid-mediated analgesia, exhibiting no stress-induced analgesia from restraint. The relevant T-cell subpopulation seems to be CD4 T cells because adoptive transfer of them but not CD8 cells into nude mice rescues both the pain and morphine analgesia phenotypes. As previously reported, we also observe a sex difference in CD-1 mice, with females requiring 2- to 3-fold more morphine than males to produce equal analgesia. Nude mice display no sex differences in morphine analgesia, and the sex difference is restored in nude mice of either sex receiving CD4 T cells from CD-1 donor male or female mice. These results suggest that CD4 T cells play an as yet unappreciated role in opioid analgesia and may be a driver of sex differences therein.
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[Expression of KCNA2 in the dorsal root ganglia of rats with osteoarthritis pain induced by monoiodoacetate]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019; 39:579-585. [PMID: 31140423 PMCID: PMC6743928 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.05.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the changes in the expression of voltage-gated potassium channel subunit KCNA2 in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons of rats with osteoarthritis (OA) pain induced by sodium monoiodoacetate and explore the mechanism. METHODS A total of 156 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into blank control group, saline group and intra-articular monoiodoacetate injection-induced OA group. The paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT) was measured before and at 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks after monoiodoacetate injection. At 4 weeks after the injection, the pathological changes in the knee joints were analyzed using HE staining and Safranin O-Fast Green staining, and the expression of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF-3) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the DRG neurons were detected by immunofluorescence staining. The expression of Kcna2 mRNA in the DRG neurons was detected by RT-qPCR at 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks after the injection. The expression of KCNA2 in the DRG was measured by Western blotting, and the methylation level of Kcna2 promoter region was measured by MSPCR at 4 weeks after the injection. RESULTS The PWMT of the rats in OA group was significantly decreased at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after the injection as compared with the baseline (P < 0.05 or P < 0.001) as well as the control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.001). Four weeks after the intra-articular injection, fractures and defects on the surface of the articular cartilage, bone hyperplasia, and blurred tidal line were observed in the rats in OA group, but no obvious pathological changes were detected in the control or saline groups. Compared with those in the control group, the expressions of ATF-3 and iNOS were significantly increased (P < 0.01) at 4 weeks after injection; the expression of Kcna2 mRNA at 2, 4 and 6 weeks and the expression of KCNA2 protein at 4 weeks were all significantly decreased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and the methylation level of Kcna2 gene was significantly increased at 4 weeks after the injection in OA group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The expression of KCNA2 is decreased in the DRG neurons of rats with OA pain likely as a result of enhanced methylation of Kcna2 promoter region.
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