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Brase L, Yu Y, McDade E, Harari O, Benitez BA. Comparative gene regulatory networks modulating APOE expression in microglia and astrocytes. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.04.19.24306098. [PMID: 38699303 PMCID: PMC11065001 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.19.24306098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Background Single-cell technologies have unveiled various transcriptional states in different brain cell types. Transcription factors (TFs) regulate the expression of related gene sets, thereby controlling these diverse expression states. Apolipoprotein E ( APOE ), a pivotal risk-modifying gene in Alzheimer's disease (AD), is expressed in specific glial transcriptional states associated with AD. However, it is still unknown whether the upstream regulatory programs that modulate its expression are shared across brain cell types or specific to microglia and astrocytes. Methods We used pySCENIC to construct state-specific gene regulatory networks (GRNs) for resting and activated cell states within microglia and astrocytes based on single-nucleus RNA sequencing data from AD patients' cortices from the Knight ADRC-DIAN cohort. We then identified replicating TF using data from the ROSMAP cohort. We identified sets of genes co-regulated with APOE by clustering the GRN target genes and identifying genes differentially expressed after the virtual knockout of TFs regulating APOE . We performed enrichment analyses on these gene sets and evaluated their overlap with genes found in AD GWAS loci. Results We identified an average of 96 replicating regulators for each microglial and astrocyte cell state. Our analysis identified the CEBP, JUN, FOS, and FOXO TF families as key regulators of microglial APOE expression. The steroid/thyroid hormone receptor families, including the THR TF family, consistently regulated APOE across astrocyte states, while CEBP and JUN TF families were also involved in resting astrocytes. AD GWAS-associated genes ( PGRN , FCGR3A , CTSH , ABCA1 , MARCKS , CTSB , SQSTM1 , TSC22D4 , FCER1G , and HLA genes) are co-regulated with APOE. We also uncovered that APOE-regulating TFs were linked to circadian rhythm ( BHLHE40 , DBP , XBP1 , CREM , SREBF1 , FOXO3 , and NR2F1 ). Conclusions Our findings reveal a novel perspective on the transcriptional regulation of APOE in the human brain. We found a comprehensive and cell-type-specific regulatory landscape for APOE , revealing distinct and shared regulatory mechanisms across microglia and astrocytes, underscoring the complexity of APOE regulation. APOE -co-regulated genes might also affect AD risk. Furthermore, our study uncovers a potential link between circadian rhythm disruption and APOE regulation, shedding new light on the pathogenesis of AD.
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Yehia A, Abulseoud OA. Melatonin: a ferroptosis inhibitor with potential therapeutic efficacy for the post-COVID-19 trajectory of accelerated brain aging and neurodegeneration. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:36. [PMID: 38641847 PMCID: PMC11031980 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00728-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The unprecedented pandemic of COVID-19 swept millions of lives in a short period, yet its menace continues among its survivors in the form of post-COVID syndrome. An exponentially growing number of COVID-19 survivors suffer from cognitive impairment, with compelling evidence of a trajectory of accelerated aging and neurodegeneration. The novel and enigmatic nature of this yet-to-unfold pathology demands extensive research seeking answers for both the molecular underpinnings and potential therapeutic targets. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent cell death, is a strongly proposed underlying mechanism in post-COVID-19 aging and neurodegeneration discourse. COVID-19 incites neuroinflammation, iron dysregulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, antioxidant system repression, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) disruption, and clock gene alteration. These events pave the way for ferroptosis, which shows its signature in COVID-19, premature aging, and neurodegenerative disorders. In the search for a treatment, melatonin shines as a promising ferroptosis inhibitor with its repeatedly reported safety and tolerability. According to various studies, melatonin has proven efficacy in attenuating the severity of certain COVID-19 manifestations, validating its reputation as an anti-viral compound. Melatonin has well-documented anti-aging properties and combating neurodegenerative-related pathologies. Melatonin can block the leading events of ferroptosis since it is an efficient anti-inflammatory, iron chelator, antioxidant, angiotensin II antagonist, and clock gene regulator. Therefore, we propose ferroptosis as the culprit behind the post-COVID-19 trajectory of aging and neurodegeneration and melatonin, a well-fitting ferroptosis inhibitor, as a potential treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Yehia
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, 58054, USA
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Osama A Abulseoud
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, 58054, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 5777 E Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA.
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Liang Z, Lou Y, Zheng Z, Guo Q, Liu S. Diet-derived circulating antioxidants and risk of epilepsy: A study combining metabolomics and mendelian randomization. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26813. [PMID: 38463786 PMCID: PMC10920176 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies offer inconclusive results on the association between diet-derived circulating antioxidants and epilepsy. Objective This study aims to assess oxidative stress presence in epilepsy patients' circulation and investigate the causal link between diet-derived circulating antioxidants and epilepsy. Methods Untargeted metabolomics analysis was conducted on plasma samples from 62 epileptic patients and 20 healthy individuals to evaluate oxidative stress based on metabolite alterations in epilepsy patients' circulation. Two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis examined the causation between diet-derived circulating antioxidants (measured by absolute levels and relative metabolite concentrations) and epilepsy, utilizing the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary outcome, with complementary MR analysis methods (MR Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, and simple mode). Results Untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed elevated circulating oxidizing metabolites (palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and myristic acid) and reduced reducing metabolites (glutamine) in epilepsy patients, providing robust evidence of oxidative stress. The IVW analysis indicated significantly reduced epilepsy risk (odds ratio: 0.552; 95% confidence interval: 0.335-0.905, P = 0.018) with genetically determined higher absolute circulating β-carotene. However, other diet-derived circulating antioxidants (lycopene, retinol, ascorbic acid, and selenium) and antioxidant metabolites (α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and retinol) did not significantly associate with epilepsy risk. Additional MR analysis methods and heterogeneity assessments confirmed the results' robustness. Conclusion This study provides compelling evidence of oxidative stress in epilepsy patients' circulation. However, the majority of diet-derived circulating antioxidants (lycopene, retinol, ascorbic acid, vitamin E, and selenium) are unlikely to causally associate with reduced epilepsy risk, except for β-carotene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yingyue Lou
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhaoshi Zheng
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Songyan Liu
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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Li W, Tiedt S, Lawrence JH, Harrington ME, Musiek ES, Lo EH. Circadian Biology and the Neurovascular Unit. Circ Res 2024; 134:748-769. [PMID: 38484026 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.323514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian physiology and cellular function are subject to significant oscillations over the course of every 24-hour day. It is likely that these daily rhythms will affect function as well as mechanisms of disease in the central nervous system. In this review, we attempt to survey and synthesize emerging studies that investigate how circadian biology may influence the neurovascular unit. We examine how circadian clocks may operate in neural, glial, and vascular compartments, review how circadian mechanisms regulate cell-cell signaling, assess interactions with aging and vascular comorbidities, and finally ask whether and how circadian effects and disruptions in rhythms may influence the risk and progression of pathophysiology in cerebrovascular disease. Overcoming identified challenges and leveraging opportunities for future research might support the development of novel circadian-based treatments for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlu Li
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (W.L., E.H.L.)
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC, Munich, Germany (W.L., S.T., J.H.L., M.E.H., E.S.M., E.H.L.)
| | - Steffen Tiedt
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC, Munich, Germany (W.L., S.T., J.H.L., M.E.H., E.S.M., E.H.L.)
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany (S.T.)
| | - Jennifer H Lawrence
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC, Munich, Germany (W.L., S.T., J.H.L., M.E.H., E.S.M., E.H.L.)
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (J.H.L., E.S.M.)
| | - Mary E Harrington
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC, Munich, Germany (W.L., S.T., J.H.L., M.E.H., E.S.M., E.H.L.)
- Neuroscience Program, Smith College, Northampton, MA (M.E.H.)
| | - Erik S Musiek
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC, Munich, Germany (W.L., S.T., J.H.L., M.E.H., E.S.M., E.H.L.)
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (J.H.L., E.S.M.)
| | - Eng H Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (W.L., E.H.L.)
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC, Munich, Germany (W.L., S.T., J.H.L., M.E.H., E.S.M., E.H.L.)
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Kou L, Chi X, Sun Y, Yin S, Wu J, Zou W, Wang Y, Jin Z, Huang J, Xiong N, Xia Y, Wang T. Circadian regulation of microglia function: Potential targets for treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 95:102232. [PMID: 38364915 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are involved in the regulation of many aspects of the body, including cell function, physical activity and disease. Circadian disturbance often predates the typical symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases and is not only a non-motor symptom, but also one of the causes of their occurrence and progression. Glial cells possess circadian clocks that regulate their function to maintain brain development and homeostasis. Emerging evidence suggests that the microglial circadian clock is involved in the regulation of many physiological processes, such as cytokine release, phagocytosis, and nutritional and metabolic support, and that disruption of the microglia clock may affect multiple aspects of Parkinson's disease, especially neuroinflammation and α-synuclein processes. Herein, we review recent advances in the circadian control of microglia function in health and disease, and discuss novel pharmacological interventions for microglial clocks in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Kou
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaosa Chi
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yadi Sun
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Sijia Yin
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jiawei Wu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wenkai Zou
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zongjie Jin
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jinsha Huang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Nian Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yun Xia
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Ni J, Xie Z, Quan Z, Meng J, Qing H. How brain 'cleaners' fail: Mechanisms and therapeutic value of microglial phagocytosis in Alzheimer's disease. Glia 2024; 72:227-244. [PMID: 37650384 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are the resident phagocytes of the brain, where they primarily function in the clearance of dead cells and the removal of un- or misfolded proteins. The impaired activity of receptors or proteins involved in phagocytosis can result in enhanced inflammation and neurodegeneration. RNA-seq and genome-wide association studies have linked multiple phagocytosis-related genes to neurodegenerative diseases, while the knockout of such genes has been demonstrated to exert protective effects against neurodegeneration in animal models. The failure of microglial phagocytosis influences AD-linked pathologies, including amyloid β accumulation, tau propagation, neuroinflammation, and infection. However, a precise understanding of microglia-mediated phagocytosis in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still lacking. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in microglial phagocytosis in AD across a wide range of pre-clinical, post-mortem, ex vivo, and clinical studies and review the current limitations regarding the detection of microglia phagocytosis in AD. Finally, we discuss the rationale of targeting microglial phagocytosis as a therapeutic strategy for preventing AD or slowing its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Quan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Meng
- Department of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Qing
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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Chen R, Routh BN, Gaudet AD, Fonken LK. Circadian Regulation of the Neuroimmune Environment Across the Lifespan: From Brain Development to Aging. J Biol Rhythms 2023; 38:419-446. [PMID: 37357738 PMCID: PMC10475217 DOI: 10.1177/07487304231178950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Circadian clocks confer 24-h periodicity to biological systems, to ultimately maximize energy efficiency and promote survival in a world with regular environmental light cycles. In mammals, circadian rhythms regulate myriad physiological functions, including the immune, endocrine, and central nervous systems. Within the central nervous system, specialized glial cells such as astrocytes and microglia survey and maintain the neuroimmune environment. The contributions of these neuroimmune cells to both homeostatic and pathogenic demands vary greatly across the day. Moreover, the function of these cells changes across the lifespan. In this review, we discuss circadian regulation of the neuroimmune environment across the lifespan, with a focus on microglia and astrocytes. Circadian rhythms emerge in early life concurrent with neuroimmune sculpting of brain circuits and wane late in life alongside increasing immunosenescence and neurodegeneration. Importantly, circadian dysregulation can alter immune function, which may contribute to susceptibility to neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we highlight circadian neuroimmune interactions across the lifespan and share evidence that circadian dysregulation within the neuroimmune system may be a critical component in human neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhuo Chen
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Brandy N. Routh
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Andrew D. Gaudet
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Laura K. Fonken
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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Nam H, Kim B, Lee Y, Choe HK, Yu SW. Presenilin 2 N141I Mutation Induces Hyperimmunity by Immune Cell-specific Suppression of REV-ERBα without Altering Central Circadian Rhythm. Exp Neurobiol 2023; 32:259-270. [PMID: 37749927 PMCID: PMC10569138 DOI: 10.5607/en23012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm is a 24-hour cycle of behavioral and physiological changes. Disrupted sleep-wake patterns and circadian dysfunction are common in patients of Alzheimer Disease (AD) and are closely related with neuroinflammation. However, it is not well known how circadian rhythm of immune cells is altered during the progress of AD. Previously, we found presenilin 2 (Psen2) N141I mutation, one of familial AD (FAD) risk genes, induces hyperimmunity through the epigenetic repression of REV-ERBα expression in microglia and bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) cells. Here, we investigated whether repression of REV-ERBα is associated with dysfunction of immune cell-endogenous or central circadian rhythm by analyses of clock genes expression and cytokine secretion, bioluminescence recording of rhythmic PER2::LUC expression, and monitoring of animal behavioral rhythm. Psen2 N141I mutation down-regulated REV-ERBα and induced selective over-production of IL-6 (a well-known clock-dependent cytokine) following the treatment of toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands in microglia, astrocytes, and BMDM. Psen2 N141I mutation also lowered amplitude of intrinsic daily oscillation in these immune cells representatives of brain and periphery. Of interest, however, the period of daily rhythm remained intact in immune cells. Furthermore, analyses of the central clock and animal behavioral rhythms revealed that central clock remained normal without down-regulation of REV-ERBα. These results suggest that Psen2 N141I mutation induces hyperimmunity mainly through the suppression of REV-ERBα in immune cells, which have lowered amplitude but normal period of rhythmic oscillation. Furthermore, our data reveal that central circadian clock is not affected by Psen2 N141I mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeri Nam
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Boil Kim
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Younghwan Lee
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Han Kyoung Choe
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Seong-Woon Yu
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
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Wang Y, Zhao J, Gu Y, Wang H, Jiang M, Zhao S, Qing H, Ni J. Cathepsin H: molecular characteristics and clues to function and mechanism. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 212:115585. [PMID: 37148981 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cathepsin H (CatH) is a lysosomal cysteine protease with a unique aminopeptidase activity that is extensively expressed in the lung, pancreas, thymus, kidney, liver, skin, and brain. Owing to its specific enzymatic activity, CatH has critical effects on the regulation of biological behaviours of cancer cells and pathological processes in brain diseases. Moreover, a neutral pH level is optimal for CatH activity, so it is expected to be active in the extra-lysosomal and extracellular space. In the present review, we describe the expression, maturation, and enzymatic properties of CatH, and summarize the available experimental evidence that mechanistically links CatH to various physiological and pathological processes. Finally, we discuss the challenges and potentials of CatH inhibitors in CatH-induced disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China; Aerospace Medical Center, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yebo Gu
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Haiping Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Muzhou Jiang
- Department of Periodontics, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, China
| | - Shuxuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hong Qing
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Junjun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Skapetze L, Owino S, Lo EH, Arai K, Merrow M, Harrington M. Rhythms in barriers and fluids: Circadian clock regulation in the aging neurovascular unit. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 181:106120. [PMID: 37044366 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurovascular unit is where two very distinct physiological systems meet: The central nervous system (CNS) and the blood. The permeability of the barriers separating these systems is regulated by time, including both the 24 h circadian clock and the longer processes of aging. An endogenous circadian rhythm regulates the transport of molecules across the blood-brain barrier and the circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid and the glymphatic system. These fluid dynamics change with time of day, and with age, and especially in the context of neurodegeneration. Factors may differ depending on brain region, as can be highlighted by consideration of circadian regulation of the neurovascular niche in white matter. As an example of a potential target for clinical applications, we highlight chaperone-mediated autophagy as one mechanism at the intersection of circadian dysregulation, aging and neurodegenerative disease. In this review we emphasize key areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Skapetze
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sharon Owino
- Neuroscience Program, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01060, United States of America
| | - Eng H Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ken Arai
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martha Merrow
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mary Harrington
- Neuroscience Program, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01060, United States of America.
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Brécier A, Li VW, Smith CS, Halievski K, Ghasemlou N. Circadian rhythms and glial cells of the central nervous system. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:520-539. [PMID: 36352529 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Glial cells are the most abundant cells in the central nervous system and play crucial roles in neural development, homeostasis, immunity, and conductivity. Over the past few decades, glial cell activity in mammals has been linked to circadian rhythms, the 24-h chronobiological clocks that regulate many physiological processes. Indeed, glial cells rhythmically express clock genes that cell-autonomously regulate glial function. In addition, recent findings in rodents have revealed that disruption of the glial molecular clock could impact the entire organism. In this review, we discuss the impact of circadian rhythms on the function of the three major glial cell types - astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes - across different locations within the central nervous system. We also review recent evidence uncovering the impact of glial cells on the body's circadian rhythm. Together, this sheds new light on the involvement of glial clock machinery in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Brécier
- Pain Chronobiology & Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Queen's University, Botterell Hall, room 754, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Vina W Li
- Pain Chronobiology & Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Queen's University, Botterell Hall, room 754, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Chloé S Smith
- Pain Chronobiology & Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Queen's University, Botterell Hall, room 754, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Katherine Halievski
- Pain Chronobiology & Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Queen's University, Botterell Hall, room 754, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Nader Ghasemlou
- Pain Chronobiology & Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Queen's University, Botterell Hall, room 754, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, 76 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 2V7, Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
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Muthukumarasamy I, Buel SM, Hurley JM, Dordick JS. NOX2 inhibition enables retention of the circadian clock in BV2 microglia and primary macrophages. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1106515. [PMID: 36814920 PMCID: PMC9939898 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1106515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sustained neuroinflammation is a major contributor to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) diseases. Neuroinflammation, like other cellular processes, is affected by the circadian clock. Microglia, the resident immune cells in the brain, act as major contributors to neuroinflammation and are under the influence of the circadian clock. Microglial responses such as activation, recruitment, and cytokine expression are rhythmic in their response to various stimuli. While the link between circadian rhythms and neuroinflammation is clear, significant gaps remain in our understanding of this complex relationship. To gain a greater understanding of this relationship, the interaction between the microglial circadian clock and the enzyme NADPH Oxidase Isoform 2 (NOX2) was studied; NOX2 is essential for the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in oxidative stress, an integral characteristic of neuroinflammation. Methods BV2 microglia were examined over circadian time, demonstrating oscillations of the clock genes Per2 and Bmal1 and the NOX2 subunits gp91phox and p47phox. Results The BV2 microglial clock exerted significant control over NOX2 expression and inhibition of NOX2 enabled the microglia to retain a functional circadian clock while reducing levels of ROS and inflammatory cytokines. These trends were mirrored in mouse bone marrow-derived primary macrophages. Conclusions NOX2 plays a crucial role in the interaction between the circadian clock and the activation of microglia/macrophages into their pro-inflammatory state, which has important implications in the control of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iswarya Muthukumarasamy
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Sharleen M. Buel
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
- Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Hurley
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
- Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Jonathan S. Dordick
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
- Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
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13
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Guzmán-Ruiz MA, Guerrero-Vargas NN, Lagunes-Cruz A, González-González S, García-Aviles JE, Hurtado-Alvarado G, Mendez-Hernández R, Chavarría-Krauser A, Morin JP, Arriaga-Avila V, Buijs RM, Guevara-Guzmán R. Circadian modulation of microglial physiological processes and immune responses. Glia 2023; 71:155-167. [PMID: 35971989 PMCID: PMC10087862 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Microglia is considered the central nervous system (CNS) resident macrophages that establish an innate immune response against pathogens and toxins. However, the recent studies have shown that microglial gene and protein expression follows a circadian pattern; several immune activation markers and clock genes are expressed rhythmically without the need for an immune stimulus. Furthermore, microglia responds to an immune challenge with different magnitudes depending on the time of the day. This review examines the circadian control of microglia function and the possible physiological implications. For example, we discuss that synaptic prune is performed in the cortex at a certain moment of the day. We also consider the implications of daily microglial function for maintaining biological rhythms like general activity, body temperature, and food intake. We conclude that the developmental stage, brain region, and pathological state are not the only factors to consider for the evaluation of microglial functions; instead, emerging evidence indicates that circadian time as an essential aspect for a better understanding of the role of microglia in CNS physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara A Guzmán-Ruiz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Natalí N Guerrero-Vargas
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Lagunes-Cruz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Shellye González-González
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Jesús Enrique García-Aviles
- Área de Neurociencias, Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, México City, Mexico
| | | | - Rebeca Mendez-Hernández
- Instituto Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Anahí Chavarría-Krauser
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Jean-Pascal Morin
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Virginia Arriaga-Avila
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Ruud M Buijs
- Instituto Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Rosalinda Guevara-Guzmán
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
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14
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Broadbelt T, Mutlu-Smith M, Carnicero-Senabre D, Saido TC, Saito T, Wang SH. Impairment in novelty-promoted memory via behavioral tagging and capture before apparent memory loss in a knock-in model of Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22298. [PMID: 36566248 PMCID: PMC9789965 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26113-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with cognitive impairments and age-dependent memory deficits which have been studied using genetic models of AD. Whether the processes for modulating memory persistence are more vulnerable to the influence of amyloid pathology than the encoding and consolidation of the memory remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether early amyloid pathology would affect peri-learning novelty in promoting memory, through a process called behavioral tagging and capture (BTC). AppNL-G-F/NL-G-F mice and wild-type littermates were trained in an appetitive delayed matching-to-place (ADMP) task which allows for the assessment of peri-learning novelty in facilitating memory. The results show that novelty enabled intermediate-term memory in wild-type mice, but not in AppNL-G-F/NL-G-F mice in adulthood. This effect preceded spatial memory impairment in the ADMP task seen in middle age. Other memory tests in the Barnes maze, Y-maze, novel object or location recognition tasks remained intact. Together, memory modulation through BTC is impaired before apparent deficits in learning and memory. Relevant biological mechanisms underlying BTC and the implication in AD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabitha Broadbelt
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB UK
| | - Menekse Mutlu-Smith
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB UK
| | - Daniel Carnicero-Senabre
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB UK ,grid.5515.40000000119578126Present Address: Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Department of Biochemistry and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols UAM-CSIC, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Takaomi C. Saido
- grid.474690.8Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, 467-8601 Japan
| | - Szu-Han Wang
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB UK
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15
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Yassine M, Hassan SA, Sommer S, Yücel LA, Bellert H, Hallenberger J, Sohn D, Korf HW, von Gall C, Ali AAH. Radiotherapy of the Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Mice Has a Time-Of-Day-Dependent Impact on the Mouse Hippocampus. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010061. [PMID: 36611854 PMCID: PMC9818790 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) create a state of chronic inflammation that affects the brain via the liver-brain axis leading to an alteration of neurotransmission and cognition. However, little is known about the effects of HCC on the hippocampus, the key brain region for learning and memory. Moreover, radiotherapy used to treat HCC has severe side effects that impair patients' life quality. Thus, designing optimal strategies, such as chronotherapy, to enhance the efficacy and reduce the side effects of HCC treatment is critically important. We addressed the effects of HCC and the timed administration of radiotherapy in mice on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, clock genes, markers for glial activation, oxidative stress, neuronal activity and proliferation in the hippocampal neurogenic niche. Our data showed that HCC induced the upregulation of genes encoding for pro-inflammatory cytokines, altered clock gene expressions and reduced proliferation in the hippocampus. Radiotherapy, in particular when applied during the light/inactive phase enhanced all these effects in addition to glial activation, increased oxidative stress, decreased neuronal activity and increased levels of phospho(p)-ERK. Our results suggested an interaction of the circadian molecular clockwork and the brain's innate immune system as key players in liver-brain crosstalk in HCC and that radiotherapy when applied during the light/inactive phase induced the most profound alterations in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Yassine
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Soha A. Hassan
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Cairo-Suez Road, Suez 43533, Egypt
| | - Simon Sommer
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lea Aylin Yücel
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hanna Bellert
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johanna Hallenberger
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dennis Sohn
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universität Strasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Horst-Werner Korf
- Institute of Anatomy I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Charlotte von Gall
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-21-1811-5046
| | - Amira A. H. Ali
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria St. 1, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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16
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Rojo D, Badner A, Gibson EM. Circadian Control of Glial Cell Homeodynamics. J Biol Rhythms 2022; 37:593-608. [PMID: 36068711 PMCID: PMC9729367 DOI: 10.1177/07487304221120966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that maintain circadian rhythms in mammalian as well as non-mammalian systems are well documented in neuronal populations but comparatively understudied in glia. Glia are highly dynamic in form and function, and the circadian clock provides broad dynamic ranges for the maintenance of this homeostasis, thus glia are key to understanding the role of circadian biology in brain function. Here, we highlight the implications of the molecular circadian clock on the homeodynamic nature of glia, underscoring the current gap in understanding the role of the circadian system in oligodendroglia lineage cells and subsequent myelination. Through this perspective, we will focus on the intersection of circadian and glial biology and how it interfaces with global circadian rhythm maintenance associated with normative and aberrant brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rojo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anna Badner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Erin M. Gibson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA,Corresponding Author: Erin M. Gibson, PhD, 3165 Porter Drive, #2178, Palo Alto, CA 94304, (650)725-6659,
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17
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Kou L, Chi X, Sun Y, Han C, Wan F, Hu J, Yin S, Wu J, Li Y, Zhou Q, Zou W, Xiong N, Huang J, Xia Y, Wang T. The circadian clock protein Rev-erbα provides neuroprotection and attenuates neuroinflammation against Parkinson's disease via the microglial NLRP3 inflammasome. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:133. [PMID: 35668454 PMCID: PMC9169406 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02494-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian disturbance is a common nonmotor complaint in Parkinson's disease (PD). The molecular basis underlying circadian rhythm in PD is poorly understood. Neuroinflammation has been identified as a key contributor to PD pathology. In this study, we explored the potential link between the core clock molecule Rev-erbα and the microglia-mediated NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in PD pathogenesis. METHODS We first examined the diurnal Rev-erbα rhythms and diurnal changes in microglia-mediated inflammatory cytokines expression in the SN of MPTP-induced PD mice. Further, we used BV2 cell to investigate the impacts of Rev-erbα on NLRP3 inflammasome and microglial polarization induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and αsyn pre-formed fibril. The role of Rev-erbα in regulating microglial activation via NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome pathway was then explored. Effects of SR9009 against NLRP3 inflammasome activation, microgliosis and nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration in the SN and striatum of MPTP-induced PD mice were studied in detail. RESULTS BV2 cell-based experiments revealed the role of Rev-erbα in regulating microglial activation and polarization through the NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways. Circadian oscillation of the core clock gene Rev-erbα in the substantia nigra (SN) disappeared in MPTP-induced PD mice, as well as diurnal changes in microglial morphology. The expression of inflammatory cytokines in SN of the MPTP-induced mice were significantly elevated. Furthermore, dopaminergic neurons loss in the nigrostriatal system were partially reversed by SR9009, a selective Rev-erbα agonist. In addition, SR9009 effectively reduced the MPTP-induced glial activation, microglial polarization and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the nigrostriatal system. CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest that the circadian clock protein Rev-erbα plays an essential role in attenuating neuroinflammation in PD pathology, and provides a potential therapeutic target for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Kou
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaosa Chi
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yadi Sun
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chao Han
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fang Wan
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Junjie Hu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Sijia Yin
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jiawei Wu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yunna Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qiulu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wenkai Zou
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Nian Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jinsha Huang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yun Xia
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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18
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Gentry NW, McMahon T, Yamazaki M, Webb J, Arnold TD, Rosi S, Ptáček LJ, Fu YH. Microglia are involved in the protection of memories formed during sleep deprivation. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2022; 12:100073. [PMID: 35028489 PMCID: PMC8741522 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2021.100073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation can generate inflammatory responses in the central nervous system. In turn, this inflammation increases sleep drive, leading to a rebound in sleep duration. Microglia, the innate immune cells found exclusively in the CNS, have previously been found to release inflammatory signals and exhibit altered characteristics in response to sleep deprivation. Together, this suggests that microglia may be partially responsible for the brain's response to sleep deprivation through their inflammatory activity. In this study, we ablated microglia from the mouse brain and assessed resulting sleep, circadian, and sleep deprivation phenotypes. We find that microglia are dispensable for both homeostatic sleep and circadian function and the sleep rebound response to sleep deprivation. However, we uncover a phenomenon by which microglia appear to be essential for the protection of fear-conditioning memories formed during the recovery sleep period following a period of sleep deprivation. This phenomenon occurs potentially through the upregulation of synaptic-homeostasis related genes to protect nascent dendritic spines that may be otherwise removed or downscaled during recovery sleep. These findings further expand the list of known functions for microglia in synaptic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W. Gentry
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Thomas McMahon
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Maya Yamazaki
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - John Webb
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Thomas D. Arnold
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation Science, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Susanna Rosi
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation Science, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Louis J. Ptáček
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Ying-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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19
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Ni J, Lan F, Xu Y, Nakanishi H, Li X. Extralysosomal cathepsin B in central nervous system: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Brain Pathol 2022; 32:e13071. [PMID: 35411983 PMCID: PMC9425006 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin B (CatB) is a typical cysteine lysosomal protease involved in a variety of physiologic and pathological processes. It is expressed in most cell types and is primarily localized within subcellular endosomal and lysosomal compartments. Emerging scientific evidence indicates that lysosomal leaked CatB is involved in mitochondrial stress, inflammasome activation, and nuclear senescence, but without the acidic environment. CatB is also secreted as a myokine, which is involved in muscle‐brain cross talk and neuronal dendritic remodeling. Lysosomal‐leaked and cellular‐secreted CatB functions are dependent on its enzymatic activity at a neutral pH. In the present review, we summarize the available experimental evidence that mechanistically links extralysosomal CatB to physiological and pathological functions in central nervous system, and their potential for use in therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Lan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hiroshi Nakanishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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20
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Ke P, Zheng C, Liu F, Wu L, Tang Y, Wu Y, Lv D, Chen H, Qian L, Wu X, Zeng K. Relationship between circadian genes and memory impairment caused by sleep deprivation. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13165. [PMID: 35341046 PMCID: PMC8944342 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep deprivation (SD)-induced cognitive impairment is highly prevalent worldwide and has attracted widespread attention. The temporal and spatial oscillations of circadian genes are severely disturbed after SD, leading to a progressive loss of their physiological rhythms, which in turn affects memory function. However, there is a lack of research on the role of circadian genes and memory function after SD. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the relationship between circadian genes and memory function and provide potential therapeutic insights into the mechanism of SD-induced memory impairment. Methods Gene expression profiles of GSE33302 and GSE9442 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were applied to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Subsequently, both datasets were subjected to Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) to determine the overall gene changes in the hippocampus and brain after SD. A Gene Oncology (GO) analysis and Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) analysis were employed to explore the genes related to circadian rhythm, with their relationship and importance determined through a correlation analysis and a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), respectively. The water maze experiments detected behavioral changes related to memory function in SD rats. The expression of circadian genes in several critical organs such as the brain, heart, liver, and lungs and their correlation with memory function was investigated using several microarrays. Finally, changes in the hippocampal immune environment after SD were analyzed using the CIBERSORT in R software. Results The quality of the two datasets was very good. After SD, changes were seen primarily in genes related to memory impairment and immune function. Genes related to circadian rhythm were highly correlated with engagement in muscle structure development and circadian rhythm. Seven circadian genes showed their potential therapeutic value in SD. Water maze experiments confirmed that SD exacerbates memory impairment-related behaviors, including prolonged escape latencies and reduced numbers of rats crossing the platform. The expression of circadian genes was verified, while some genes were also significant in the heart, liver, and lungs. All seven circadian genes were also associated with memory markers in SD. The contents of four immune cells in the hippocampal immune environment changed after SD. Seven circadian genes were related to multiple immune cells. Conclusions In the present study, we found that SD leads to memory impairment accompanied by changes in circadian rhythm-related genes. Seven circadian genes play crucial roles in memory impairment after SD. Naïve B cells and follicular helper T cells are closely related to SD. These findings provide new insights into the treatment of memory impairment caused by SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ke
- Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China,Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chengjie Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - LinJie Wu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yijie Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yanqin Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dongdong Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Huangli Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lin Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Kai Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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21
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Sunkaria A, Bhardwaj S. Sleep Disturbance and Alzheimer's Disease: The Glial Connection. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1799-1815. [PMID: 35303225 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03578-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Poor quality and quantity of sleep are very common in elderly people throughout the world. Growing evidence has suggested that sleep disturbances could accelerate the process of neurodegeneration. Recent reports have shown a positive correlation between sleep deprivation and amyloid-β (Aβ)/tau aggregation in the brain of Alzheimer's patients. Glial cells have long been implicated in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and recent findings have also suggested their role in regulating sleep homeostasis. However, how glial cells control the sleep-wake balance and exactly how disturbed sleep may act as a trigger for Alzheimer's or other neurological disorders have recently gotten attention. In an attempt to connect the dots, the present review has highlighted the role of glia-derived sleep regulatory molecules in AD pathogenesis. Role of glia in sleep disturbance and Alzheimer's progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Sunkaria
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
| | - Supriya Bhardwaj
- Department of Dermatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
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22
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Xie Z, Meng J, Kong W, Wu Z, Lan F, Narengaowa, Hayashi Y, Yang Q, Bai Z, Nakanishi H, Qing H, Ni J. Microglial cathepsin E plays a role in neuroinflammation and amyloid β production in Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13565. [PMID: 35181976 PMCID: PMC8920437 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of neuroinflammation and β‐amyloid (Aβ) production are critical factors in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cathepsin E (CatE), an aspartic protease, is widely studied as an inducer of growth arrest and apoptosis in several types of cancer cells. However, the function of CatE in AD is unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that the ablation of CatE in human amyloid precursor protein knock‐in mice, called APPNL−G−F mice, significantly reduced Aβ accumulation, neuroinflammation, and cognitive impairments. Mechanistically, microglial CatE is involved in the secretion of soluble TNF‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand, which plays an important role in microglia‐mediated NF‐κB‐dependent neuroinflammation and neuronal Aβ production by beta‐site APP cleaving enzyme 1. Furthermore, cannula‐delivered CatE inhibitors improved memory function and reduced Aβ accumulation and neuroinflammation in AD mice. Our findings reveal that CatE as a modulator of microglial activation and neurodegeneration in AD and suggest CatE as a therapeutic target for AD by targeting neuroinflammation and Aβ pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy Department of Biology School of Life Science Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Jie Meng
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology Faculty of Dental Science Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Wei Kong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy Department of Biology School of Life Science Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Zhou Wu
- Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology Faculty of Dental Science Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Fei Lan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy Department of Biology School of Life Science Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Narengaowa
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy Department of Biology School of Life Science Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Yoshinori Hayashi
- Department of Physiology Nihon University School of Dentistry Tokyo Japan
| | - Qinghu Yang
- Research Center for Resource Peptide Drugs Shaanxi Engineering & Technological Research Center for Conversation & Utilization of Regional Biological Resources Yan’an University Yan’an China
| | - Zhantao Bai
- Research Center for Resource Peptide Drugs Shaanxi Engineering & Technological Research Center for Conversation & Utilization of Regional Biological Resources Yan’an University Yan’an China
| | - Hiroshi Nakanishi
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy Yasuda Women’s University Hiroshima Japan
| | - Hong Qing
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy Department of Biology School of Life Science Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Junjun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy Department of Biology School of Life Science Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
- Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology Faculty of Dental Science Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
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23
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Wirianto M, Wang CY, Kim E, Koike N, Gomez-Gutierrez R, Nohara K, Escobedo G, Choi JM, Han C, Yagita K, Jung SY, Soto C, Lee HK, Morales R, Yoo SH, Chen Z. The clock modulator Nobiletin mitigates astrogliosis-associated neuroinflammation and disease hallmarks in an Alzheimer's disease model. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22186. [PMID: 35120261 PMCID: PMC8887996 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101633r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder, and there is a pressing need to identify disease‐modifying factors and devise interventional strategies. The circadian clock, our intrinsic biological timer, orchestrates various cellular and physiological processes including gene expression, sleep, and neuroinflammation; conversely, circadian dysfunctions are closely associated with and/or contribute to AD hallmarks. We previously reported that the natural compound Nobiletin (NOB) is a clock‐enhancing modulator that promotes physiological health and healthy aging. In the current study, we treated the double transgenic AD model mice, APP/PS1, with NOB‐containing diets. NOB significantly alleviated β‐amyloid burden in both the hippocampus and the cortex, and exhibited a trend to improve cognitive function in these mice. While several systemic parameters for circadian wheel‐running activity, sleep, and metabolism were unchanged, NOB treatment showed a marked effect on the expression of clock and clock‐controlled AD gene expression in the cortex. In accordance, cortical proteomic profiling demonstrated circadian time‐dependent restoration of the protein landscape in APP/PS1 mice treated with NOB. More importantly, we found a potent efficacy of NOB to inhibit proinflammatory cytokine gene expression and inflammasome formation in the cortex, and immunostaining further revealed a specific effect to diminish astrogliosis, but not microgliosis, by NOB in APP/PS1 mice. Together, these results underscore beneficial effects of a clock modulator to mitigate pathological and cognitive hallmarks of AD, and suggest a possible mechanism via suppressing astrogliosis‐associated neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Wirianto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chih-Yen Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Eunju Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nobuya Koike
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ruben Gomez-Gutierrez
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Kazunari Nohara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gabriel Escobedo
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jong Min Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chorong Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Yagita
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sung Yun Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Claudio Soto
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hyun Kyoung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rodrigo Morales
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, USA.,Centro Integrativo de Biologia Y Quimica Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Seung-Hee Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, USA
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24
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Ahmadi N, Steinberg A, Pynoos R, Mizutani S, Kashiwazaki H, Ni J, Wu Z. GSK3β is involved in promoting Alzheimer's disease pathologies following chronic systemic exposure to Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide in amyloid precursor protein NL-F/NL-F knock-in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 98:1-12. [PMID: 34391814 PMCID: PMC8849844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.08.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In line with the strong association between periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinically, preclinical studies have shown that systemic exposure to Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) initiates AD pathologies. However, the involvement of periodontitis in promoting AD pathologies is unclear. In the present study, we provided evidence that chronic systemic exposure to lipopolysaccharide derived from Pg (PgLPS, 1 mg/kg, daily, intraperitoneally) prompted neuroinflammation and tau hyperphosphorylation in 10-month-old of amyloid precursor protein (APP) knock-in mice, a model of AD, carrying the Swedish and Beyreuther/Iberian mutation (APPNL-F/NL-F). The learning and memory function were assessed using the passive avoidance test. The production of APP, Amyloid (A)β1-42, cytokines, synaptic proteins and the activation of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β as well as phosphorylation of tau were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting or an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the cortex of APPNL-F/NL-F mice. We found that systemic exposure of PgLPS for three consecutive weeks induced learning and memory deficits with significantly reduced postsynaptic density protein (PSD95). Increased hyperphosphorylation of tau in multiple residues, including Ser202, Thr231 and Ser396, but not the accumulation of Aβ1-42 was detected in the neurons of APPNL-F/NL-F mice. Furthermore, PgLPS increased the GSK3β activity by reducing its phosphorylation of the serine residue at position 9 (Ser9) and promoted neuroinflammation by increasing the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) while decreasing that of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor (TGFβ) in the cortex of APPNL-F/NL-F mice. Moreover, the PgLPS-increased GSK3β activity was detected in both microglia and neurons, while the PgLPS-increased TNF-α expression was mainly detected in the microglia in the cortex of APPNL-F/NL-F mice. In in vitro studies, PgLPS (1 µg/ml) stimulation increased the mRNA and protein level of TNF-α in MG6 microglia, which were significantly inhibited by the GSK3β-specific inhibitor TWS119. In contrast, the tau hyperphosphorylation and activation of GSK3β in N2a neurons were enhanced after treatment with conditioned medium from PgLPS-stimulated microglia, which was attenuated after pre-treatment with TNF-α inhibitor. Taken together, these findings indicate that GSK3β is involved in prompting microglia (TNF-α)-dependent tau hyperphosphorylation in neurons, resulting in learning and memory deficits in APPNL-F/NL-F mice without changes in the Aβ expression during chronic systemic exposure to PgLPS. We propose that dampening GSK3β activation may help delay the periodontitis-promoted pathological progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shinsuke Mizutani
- Section of Geriatric Dentistry and Perioperative Medicine in Dentistry, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Kashiwazaki
- Section of Geriatric Dentistry and Perioperative Medicine in Dentistry, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Junjun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Zhou Wu
- Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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25
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Palomino-Segura M, Hidalgo A. Circadian immune circuits. J Exp Med 2021; 218:211639. [PMID: 33372990 PMCID: PMC7774593 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune responses are gated to protect the host against specific antigens and microbes, a task that is achieved through antigen- and pattern-specific receptors. Less appreciated is that in order to optimize responses and to avoid collateral damage to the host, immune responses must be additionally gated in intensity and time. An evolutionary solution to this challenge is provided by the circadian clock, an ancient time-keeping mechanism that anticipates environmental changes and represents a fundamental property of immunity. Immune responses, however, are not exclusive to immune cells and demand the coordinated action of nonhematopoietic cells interspersed within the architecture of tissues. Here, we review the circadian features of innate immunity as they encompass effector immune cells as well as structural cells that orchestrate their responses in space and time. We finally propose models in which the central clock, structural elements, and immune cells establish multidirectional circadian circuits that may shape the efficacy and strength of immune responses and other physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Palomino-Segura
- Area of Cell and Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Area of Cell and Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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26
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Kim E, Nohara K, Wirianto M, Escobedo G, Lim JY, Morales R, Yoo SH, Chen Z. Effects of the Clock Modulator Nobiletin on Circadian Rhythms and Pathophysiology in Female Mice of an Alzheimer's Disease Model. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11071004. [PMID: 34356628 PMCID: PMC8301787 DOI: 10.3390/biom11071004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia. Various pathogenic mechanisms have been proposed to contribute to disease progression, and recent research provided evidence linking dysregulated circadian rhythms/sleep and energy metabolism with AD. Previously, we found that the natural compound Nobiletin (NOB) can directly activate circadian cellular oscillators to promote metabolic health in disease models and healthy aging in naturally aged mice. In the current study, using the amyloid-β AD model APP/PS1, we investigated circadian, metabolic and amyloid characteristics of female mice and the effects of NOB. Female APP/PS1 mice showed reduced sleep bout duration, and NOB treatment exhibited a trend to improve it. While glucose tolerance was unchanged, female APP/PS1 mice displayed exaggerated oxygen consumption and CO2 production, which was mitigated by NOB. Likewise, cold tolerance in APP/PS1 was impaired relative to WT, and interestingly was markedly enhanced in NOB-treated APP/PS1 mice. Although circadian behavioral rhythms were largely unchanged, real-time qPCR analysis revealed altered expression of several core clock genes by NOB in the cerebral cortex, notably Bmal1, Npas2, and Rora. Moreover, NOB was also able to activate various clock-controlled metabolic genes involved in insulin signaling and mitochondrial function, including Igf1, Glut1, Insr, Irs1, Ucp2, and Ucp4. Finally, we observed that NOB attenuated the expression of several AD related genes including App, Bace1, and ApoE, reduced APP protein levels, and strongly ameliorated Aβ pathology in the cortex. Collectively, these results reveal novel genotype differences and importantly beneficial effects of a natural clock-enhancing compound in biological rhythms and related pathophysiology, suggesting the circadian clock as a modifiable target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunju Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.K.); (K.N.); (M.W.); (J.Y.L.); (S.-H.Y.)
| | - Kazunari Nohara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.K.); (K.N.); (M.W.); (J.Y.L.); (S.-H.Y.)
| | - Marvin Wirianto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.K.); (K.N.); (M.W.); (J.Y.L.); (S.-H.Y.)
| | - Gabriel Escobedo
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (G.E.J.); (R.M.)
| | - Ji Ye Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.K.); (K.N.); (M.W.); (J.Y.L.); (S.-H.Y.)
| | - Rodrigo Morales
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (G.E.J.); (R.M.)
- Centro Integrativo de Biologia y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago 8370993, Chile
| | - Seung-Hee Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.K.); (K.N.); (M.W.); (J.Y.L.); (S.-H.Y.)
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.K.); (K.N.); (M.W.); (J.Y.L.); (S.-H.Y.)
- Correspondence:
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27
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Lo EH, Albers GW, Dichgans M, Donnan G, Esposito E, Foster R, Howells DW, Huang YG, Ji X, Klerman EB, Lee S, Li W, Liebeskind DS, Lizasoain I, Mandeville ET, Moro MA, Ning M, Ray D, Sakadžić S, Saver JL, Scheer FAJL, Selim M, Tiedt S, Zhang F, Buchan AM. Circadian Biology and Stroke. Stroke 2021; 52:2180-2190. [PMID: 33940951 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.031742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Circadian biology modulates almost all aspects of mammalian physiology, disease, and response to therapies. Emerging data suggest that circadian biology may significantly affect the mechanisms of susceptibility, injury, recovery, and the response to therapy in stroke. In this review/perspective, we survey the accumulating literature and attempt to connect molecular, cellular, and physiological pathways in circadian biology to clinical consequences in stroke. Accounting for the complex and multifactorial effects of circadian rhythm may improve translational opportunities for stroke diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eng H Lo
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Departments of Radiology (E.H.L., E.E., W.L., E.T.M., S.S., F.Z.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Gregory W Albers
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Department of Neurology, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto (G.W.A., S.L.)
| | - Martin Dichgans
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich) and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany (M.D.).,Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany (M.D., S.T.)
| | - Geoffrey Donnan
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Australia (G.D.)
| | - Elga Esposito
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Departments of Radiology (E.H.L., E.E., W.L., E.T.M., S.S., F.Z.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Russell Foster
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.F.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David W Howells
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Australia (D.W.H.)
| | - Yi-Ge Huang
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Department of Stroke Medicine (Y.H., A.M.B.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Xunming Ji
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, China (X.J.)
| | - Elizabeth B Klerman
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Neurology (E.B.K., M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Sarah Lee
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Department of Neurology, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto (G.W.A., S.L.)
| | - Wenlu Li
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Departments of Radiology (E.H.L., E.E., W.L., E.T.M., S.S., F.Z.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - David S Liebeskind
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Department of Neurology, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (J.L.S., D.S.L.)
| | - Ignacio Lizasoain
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Complutense Medical School, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain (I.L.)
| | - Emiri T Mandeville
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Departments of Radiology (E.H.L., E.E., W.L., E.T.M., S.S., F.Z.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Maria A Moro
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC, Madrid, Spain (M.A.M.)
| | - MingMing Ning
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Neurology (E.B.K., M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - David Ray
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, and Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (D.R.)
| | - Sava Sakadžić
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Departments of Radiology (E.H.L., E.E., W.L., E.T.M., S.S., F.Z.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Jeffrey L Saver
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Department of Neurology, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (J.L.S., D.S.L.)
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital (F.A.J.L.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Magdy Selim
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Steffen Tiedt
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany (M.D., S.T.)
| | - Fang Zhang
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Departments of Radiology (E.H.L., E.E., W.L., E.T.M., S.S., F.Z.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Alastair M Buchan
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Department of Stroke Medicine (Y.H., A.M.B.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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28
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Van Drunen R, Eckel-Mahan K. Circadian Rhythms of the Hypothalamus: From Function to Physiology. Clocks Sleep 2021; 3:189-226. [PMID: 33668705 PMCID: PMC7931002 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep3010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The nearly ubiquitous expression of endogenous 24 h oscillations known as circadian rhythms regulate the timing of physiological functions in the body. These intrinsic rhythms are sensitive to external cues, known as zeitgebers, which entrain the internal biological processes to the daily environmental changes in light, temperature, and food availability. Light directly entrains the master clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) which lies in the hypothalamus of the brain and is responsible for synchronizing internal rhythms. However, recent evidence underscores the importance of other hypothalamic nuclei in regulating several essential rhythmic biological functions. These extra-SCN hypothalamic nuclei also express circadian rhythms, suggesting distinct regions that oscillate either semi-autonomously or independent of SCN innervation. Concurrently, the extra-SCN hypothalamic nuclei are also sensitized to fluctuations in nutrient and hormonal signals. Thus, food intake acts as another powerful entrainer for the hypothalamic oscillators' mediation of energy homeostasis. Ablation studies and genetic mouse models with perturbed extra-SCN hypothalamic nuclei function reveal their critical downstream involvement in an array of functions including metabolism, thermogenesis, food consumption, thirst, mood and sleep. Large epidemiological studies of individuals whose internal circadian cycle is chronically disrupted reveal that disruption of our internal clock is associated with an increased risk of obesity and several neurological diseases and disorders. In this review, we discuss the profound role of the extra-SCN hypothalamic nuclei in rhythmically regulating and coordinating body wide functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Van Drunen
- MD Anderson UTHealth School Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston TX 77030, USA;
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kristin Eckel-Mahan
- MD Anderson UTHealth School Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston TX 77030, USA;
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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29
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Ni J, Wu Z. Inflammation Spreading: Negative Spiral Linking Systemic Inflammatory Disorders and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:638686. [PMID: 33716675 PMCID: PMC7947253 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.638686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As a physiological response to injury in the internal body organs, inflammation is responsible for removing dangerous stimuli and initiating healing. However, persistent and exaggerative chronic inflammation causes undesirable negative effects in the organs. Inflammation occurring in the brain and spinal cord is known as neuroinflammation, with microglia acting as the central cellular player. There is increasing evidence suggesting that chronic neuroinflammation is the most relevant pathological feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), regulating other pathological features, such as the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylation of Tau. Systemic inflammatory signals caused by systemic disorders are known to strongly influence neuroinflammation as a consequence of microglial activation, inflammatory mediator production, and the recruitment of peripheral immune cells to the brain, resulting in neuronal dysfunction. However, the neuroinflammation-accelerated neuronal dysfunction in AD also influences the functions of peripheral organs. In the present review, we highlight the link between systemic inflammatory disorders and AD, with inflammation serving as the common explosion. We discuss the molecular mechanisms that govern the crosstalk between systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation. In our view, inflammation spreading indicates a negative spiral between systemic diseases and AD. Therefore, “dampening inflammation” through the inhibition of cathepsin (Cat)B or CatS may be a novel therapeutic approach for delaying the onset of and enacting early intervention for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhou Wu
- Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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30
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Gu X, Zhu J. Roles of Exosomes and Exosomal MicroRNAs in Postoperative Sleep Disturbance. Nat Sci Sleep 2021; 13:1363-1375. [PMID: 34354381 PMCID: PMC8331078 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s310351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Postoperative sleep disturbance (PSD) often occurs in elderly patients after major surgery and exerts harmful effects on postoperative recovery. PSD may increase the incidence of postoperative fatigue, severe anxiety and depression, pain sensitivity, and cognitive dysfunction, which can cause or aggravate neurodegenerative diseases via amyloid aggregation and tau accumulation. Exosomes are important carriers that mediate the transfer of active substances and genetic information among cells. Recent evidence has shown that exosomes are involved in the pathogenesis of end-organ morbidity caused by sleep disorders via increasing amyloid plaque formation, transmitting tau protein, regulating neuroinflammation, and increasing blood-brain barrier permeability. Additionally, exosomes may be useful for delivering therapeutic genetic materials, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and proteins, to exert neuroprotective effects and reduce cognitive impairment. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process remain to be fully elucidated. This review focuses on exosome-related pathways and the modulatory role of exosomal miRNAs on the pathogenesis of sleep disturbance and neurodegeneration. Moreover, we discuss the advantages of reducing neurotoxic proteins via exosomal intervention and miRNA regulation. Future research in exosome administration may offer new insights into PSD-related pathomechanisms and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Junchao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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31
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Nakanishi H, Ni J, Nonaka S, Hayashi Y. Microglial circadian clock regulation of microglial structural complexity, dendritic spine density and inflammatory response. Neurochem Int 2020; 142:104905. [PMID: 33217515 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cortical microglia exhibit a ramified shape during sleep, while they have a hyper-ramified shape during wakefulness, which is characterized by their longer processes with increased branching points. The microglial molecular circadian clock regulates expressions of both cathepsin S (CatS) and P2Y12 receptors in the brain with a peak at zeitgeber time 14 (2 h after beginning of the dark phase). We postulated that these two microglia-specific molecules contribute to diurnal alterations of microglial shapes and neuronal activities in the cerebral cortex. During wakefulness, CatS secreted from cortical microglia may be involved in P2Y12 receptor-dependent process extension. Secreted CatS subsequently degrades the perineuronal nets, initiating the downscaling of both spine density and synaptic strength of cortical neurons toward the beginning of sleep. The downscaling of both spine density and synaptic strength of cortical neurons during sleep could improve signal-to-noise, which would benefit memory consolidation, or allow for new learning to occur during subsequent waking. Furthermore, disruption of CatS induces the sleep disturbance and impaired social interaction in mice. Moreover, the microglial clock system disruption may also play a role in the early pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. The reduced expression of BMAL1 in cortical microglia caused by oligomeric amyloid β may induce the increased presence of inflammatory phenotype through a reduction in RORα, which in turn reduced IκBα and enhanced NF-κB activation. These observations suggest that the microglial clock system disruption contribute to pathogeneses of sleep disturbance, impaired social interaction and cognitive impairment. Therefore, the growing understanding of the microglial circadian molecular clock might aid in the development of novel pharmacological interventions against both neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nakanishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, 731-0153, Japan.
| | - Junjun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy in the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Saori Nonaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, 731-0153, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hayashi
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
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32
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Meng J, Liu Y, Xie Z, Qing H, Lei P, Ni J. Nucleus distribution of cathepsin B in senescent microglia promotes brain aging through degradation of sirtuins. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 96:255-266. [PMID: 33049518 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cathepsin B (CatB) leakage from the lysosome into the cytosol in senescent microglia is associated with cognitive impairment. However, whether cellular compartmental translocation of CatB is associated with brain aging remains unclear. In the present study, increased CatB was found in the nucleus of CatB-overexpressed microglia followed by L-leucyl-L-leucine methyl ester, a lysosome-destabilizing reagent, and in the nuclear fraction of the cortex and hippocampus from aged mice. Moreover, CatB enzymatic activity examination showed the nuclear CatB exhibited the proteolytic activity to cleave its specific substrates. The amount of sirtuin1 (Sirt1), Sirt6, Sirt7, and p-Sirt1 was decreased in the cortical lysates from aged mice, in parallel with increased expression of proinflammatory mediators, which were diminished by CatB deficiency. Furthermore, intralateral ventricle administration of microglia overexpressed CatB, and treatment with L-leucyl-L-leucine methyl ester induced cognitive impairment in middle-aged mice. These observations suggest that the increase and nucleus translocation of CatB in senescent microglia were involved in the degradation of nuclear Sirts, which induced proinflammatory responses, resulting in cognition impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Meng
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yicong Liu
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, School of Medical, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy in the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Qing
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy in the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Peng Lei
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Junjun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy in the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China; Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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33
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Sheehan PW, Musiek ES. Evaluating Circadian Dysfunction in Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease: Where Do We Stand? Front Neurosci 2020; 14:703. [PMID: 32733196 PMCID: PMC7358444 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian dysfunction has been described in patients with symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease (AD), as well as in presymptomatic phases of the disease. Modeling this circadian dysfunction in mouse models would provide an optimal platform for understanding mechanisms and developing therapies. While numerous studies have examined behavioral circadian function, and in some cases clock gene oscillation, in mouse models of AD, the results are variable and inconsistent across models, ages, and conditions. Ultimately, circadian changes observed in APP/PS1 models are inconsistent across studies and do not always replicate circadian phenotypes observed in human AD. Other models, including the 3xTG mouse, tau transgenic lines, and the accelerated aging SAMP8 line, show circadian phenotypes more consistent with human AD, although the literature is either inconsistent or minimal. We summarize these data and provide some recommendations to improve and standardize future studies of circadian function in AD mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W Sheehan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Erik S Musiek
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
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34
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Pak VM, Onen SH, Bliwise DL, Kutner NG, Russell KL, Onen F. Sleep Disturbances in MCI and AD: Neuroinflammation as a Possible Mediating Pathway. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:69. [PMID: 32457592 PMCID: PMC7227443 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) affect a high proportion of the elderly population with an increasing prevalence. Sleep disturbances are frequent in those with MCI and AD. This review summarizes existing research on sleep disturbances and neuroinflammation in MCI and AD. Although strong evidence supports various pathways linking sleep and AD pathology, the temporal direction of this central relationship is not yet known. Improved understanding of sleep disturbance and neuroinflammation in MCI and AD may aid in the identification of targets for their prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria M. Pak
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - S.-Hakki Onen
- Centre de Sommeil, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
- INSERM U128, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Donald L. Bliwise
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Nancy G. Kutner
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Katherine L. Russell
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Fannie Onen
- CHU Bichat–Claude-Bernard, AP-HP, Service de Gériatrie, Paris, France
- CESP & INSERM 1178 Université Paris Sud, Paris, France
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