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Pérez-Núñez R, González MF, Avalos AM, Leyton L. Impacts of PI3K/protein kinase B pathway activation in reactive astrocytes: from detrimental effects to protective functions. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:1031-1041. [PMID: 38845231 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cell in the central nervous system. Upon injury and inflammation, astrocytes become reactive and undergo morphological and functional changes. Depending on their phenotypic classification as A1 or A2, reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses, respectively. However, this binary classification does not fully capture the diversity of astrocyte responses observed across different diseases and injuries. Transcriptomic analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a complex landscape of gene expression profiles, which emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of their reactivity. Astrocytes actively participate in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting with microglia and other cell types, releasing cytokines, and influencing the immune response. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway is a central player in astrocyte reactivity and impacts various aspects of astrocyte behavior, as evidenced by in silico , in vitro , and in vivo results. In astrocytes, inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events, where nuclear factor-κB serves as a central mediator of the pro-inflammatory responses. Here, we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their activation. We highlight the involvement of various signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte reactivity, including the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), α v β 3 integrin/PI3K/AKT/connexin 43, and Notch/PI3K/AKT pathways. While targeting the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT cellular signaling pathway to control reactive astrocytes and prevent central nervous system damage, evidence suggests that activating this pathway could also yield beneficial outcomes. This dual function of the PI3K/AKT pathway underscores its complexity in astrocyte reactivity and brain function modulation. The review emphasizes the importance of employing astrocyte-exclusive models to understand their functions accurately and these models are essential for clarifying astrocyte behavior. The findings should then be validated using in vivo models to ensure real-life relevance. The review also highlights the significance of PI3K/AKT pathway modulation in preventing central nervous system damage, although further studies are required to fully comprehend its role due to varying factors such as different cell types, astrocyte responses to inflammation, and disease contexts. Specific strategies are clearly necessary to address these variables effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Pérez-Núñez
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Fernanda González
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana María Avalos
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lisette Leyton
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Yang H, Mo N, Tong L, Dong J, Fan Z, Jia M, Yue J, Wang Y. Microglia lactylation in relation to central nervous system diseases. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:29-40. [PMID: 38767474 PMCID: PMC11246148 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of neurodegenerative diseases is closely related to the disruption of central nervous system homeostasis. Microglia, as innate immune cells, play important roles in the maintenance of central nervous system homeostasis, injury response, and neurodegenerative diseases. Lactate has been considered a metabolic waste product, but recent studies are revealing ever more of the physiological functions of lactate. Lactylation is an important pathway in lactate function and is involved in glycolysis-related functions, macrophage polarization, neuromodulation, and angiogenesis and has also been implicated in the development of various diseases. This review provides an overview of the lactate metabolic and homeostatic regulatory processes involved in microglia lactylation, histone versus non-histone lactylation, and therapeutic approaches targeting lactate. Finally, we summarize the current research on microglia lactylation in central nervous system diseases. A deeper understanding of the metabolic regulatory mechanisms of microglia lactylation will provide more options for the treatment of central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Nan Mo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Hangzhou First People’s Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Le Tong
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jianhong Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ziwei Fan
- Department of Orthopedics (Spine Surgery), the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mengxian Jia
- Department of Orthopedics (Spine Surgery), the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Juanqing Yue
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Huang K, Ding R, Lai C, Wang H, Fan X, Chu Y, Fang Y, Hua T, Yuan H. Vitexin attenuates neuropathic pain by regulating astrocyte autophagy flux and polarization via the S1P/ S1PR1-PI3K/ Akt axis. Eur J Pharmacol 2024:176848. [PMID: 39094925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is associated with astrocytes activation induced by nerve injury. Reactive astrocytes, strongly induced by central nervous system damage, can be classified into A1 and A2 types. Vitexin, a renowned flavonoid compound, is known for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. However, its role in NP remains unexplored. This study aims to investigate the effects of vitexin on astrocyte polarization and its underlying mechanisms. A mouse model of NP was established, and primary astrocytes were stimulated with sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) to construct a cellular model. The results demonstrated significant activation of spinal astrocytes on days 14 and 21. Concurrently, reactive astrocytes predominantly differentiated into the A1 type. Western blot analysis revealed an increase in A1 astrocyte-associated protein (C3) and a decrease in A2 astrocyte-associated protein (S100A10). Serum S1P levels increased on days 14 and 21, alongside a significant upregulation of Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) mRNA expression and elevated expression of chemokines. In vitro, stimulation with S1P inhibited the Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway and autophagy flux, promoting polarization of astrocytes towards the A1 phenotype while suppressing the polarization of A2 astrocytes. Our findings suggest that vitexin, acting on astrocytes but not microglia, attenuates S1P-induced downregulation of PI3K/Akt signaling, restores autophagy flux in astrocytes, regulates A1/A2 astrocyte ratio, and reduces chemokine and S1P secretion, thereby alleviating neuropathic pain caused by nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesheng Huang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruifeng Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Chengyuan Lai
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haowei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Xiaoyi Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Yan Chu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Tong Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Hongbin Yuan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China.
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Shao J, Deng Q, Feng S, Wu C, Liu X, Yang L. Role of astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and the impact of exercise-induced remodeling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 732:150418. [PMID: 39032410 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent and debilitating brain disorder that worsens progressively with age, characterized by cognitive decline and memory impairment. The accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) leading to amyloid plaques and hyperphosphorylation of Tau, resulting in intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), are primary pathological features of AD. Despite significant research investment and effort, therapies targeting Aβ and NFTs have proven limited in efficacy for treating or slowing AD progression. Consequently, there is a growing interest in non-invasive therapeutic strategies for AD prevention. Exercise, a low-cost and non-invasive intervention, has demonstrated promising neuroprotective potential in AD prevention. Astrocytes, among the most abundant glial cells in the brain, play essential roles in various physiological processes and are implicated in AD initiation and progression. Exercise delays pathological progression and mitigates cognitive dysfunction in AD by modulating astrocyte morphological and phenotypic changes and fostering crosstalk with other glial cells. This review aims to consolidate the current understanding of how exercise influences astrocyte dynamics in AD, with a focus on elucidating the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying astrocyte remodeling. The review begins with an overview of the neuropathological changes observed in AD, followed by an examination of astrocyte dysfunction as a feature of the disease. Lastly, the review explores the potential therapeutic implications of exercise-induced astrocyte remodeling in the context of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shao
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qianting Deng
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shu Feng
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chongyun Wu
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Xiaocao Liu
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Luodan Yang
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Zhou Z, Zhang P, Ya D, Liu J, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Tang W, Zhou D, Liao R, Liu L. Withaferin A protects against epilepsy by promoting LCN2-mediated astrocyte polarization to stopping neuronal ferroptosis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155892. [PMID: 39032282 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy is among the most frequent severe brain diseases, with few treatment options available. Neuronal ferroptosis is an important pathogenic mechanism in epilepsy. As a result, addressing ferroptosis appears to be a promising treatment approach for epilepsy. Withaferin A (WFA) is a C28 steroidal lactone that has a broad range of neuroprotective properties. Nonetheless, the antiepileptic action of WFA and the intrinsic mechanism by which it inhibits ferroptosis following epilepsy remain unknown. PURPOSE This study aimed at investigating to the antiepileptic potential of WFA in epilepsy, as well as to propose a potential therapeutic approach for epilepsy therapy. METHODS We conducted extensive research to examine the impacts of WFA on epilepsy and ferroptosis, using the kainic acid (KA)-treated primary astrocyte as an in vitro model and KA-induced temporal lobe epilepsy mice as an in vivo model. To analyze the neuroprotective effects of WFA on epileptic mice, electroencephalogram (EEG) recording, Nissl staining, and neurological function assessments such as the Morris water maze (MWM) test, Y-maze test, Elevated-plus maze (O-maze) test, and Open field test were used. Furthermore, the mechanism behind the neuroprotective effect of WFA in epilepsy was investigated using the transcriptomics analysis and verified on epileptic patient and epileptic mouse samples using Western blotting (WB) and immunofluorescence (IF) staining. In addition, WB, IF staining and specific antagonists/agonists were used to investigate astrocyte polarization and the regulatory signaling pathways involved. More critically, ferroptosis was assessed utilizing lipocalin-2 (LCN2) overexpression cell lines, siRNA knockdown, JC-1 staining, WB, IF staining, flow cytometry, electron microscopy (TEM), and ferroptosis-related GSH and MDA indicators. RESULTS In this study, we observed that WFA treatment reduced the number of recurrent seizures and time in seizure, and the loss of neurons in the hippocampal area in in epileptic mice, and even improved cognitive and anxiety impairment after epilepsy in a dose depend. Furthermore, WFA treatment was proven to enhance to the transformation of post-epileptic astrocytes from neurotoxic-type A1 to A2 astrocytes in both in vivo and in vitro experiments by inhibiting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase /AKT signaling pathway. At last, transcriptomics analysis in combination with functional experimental validation, it was discovered that WFA promoted astrocyte polarity transformation and then LCN2 in astrocytes, which inhibited neuronal ferroptosis to exert neuroprotective effects after epilepsy. In addition, we discovered significant astrocytic LCN2 expression in human TLE patient hippocampal samples. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, for the first, our findings suggest that WFA has neuroprotective benefits in epilepsy by modulating astrocyte polarization, and that LCN2 may be a novel potential target for the prevention and treatment of ferroptosis after epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixian Zhou
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Dongshan Ya
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Yinchun Xu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Wenfu Tang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Rujia Liao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
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Yin L, Liu W, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Chen H, Xiong L. Hyperbaric Oxygen Attenuates Chronic Postsurgical Pain by Regulating the CD73/Adenosine/A1R Axis of the Spinal Cord in Rats. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2024:104623. [PMID: 39002742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2024.104623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) affects postoperative rehabilitation and quality of life in patients, but its mechanisms are still poorly understood. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) attenuates neuropathic pain in animal and human studies, but its efficacy for CPSP treatment and its underlying mechanism have not been elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the analgesic effect of HBO in a CPSP rat model and the role of spinal cord adenosine circulation in HBO-induced analgesia. A skin/muscle incision and retraction (SMIR) rat model was used to mimic CPSP, and HBO treatment (2.5 atmospheric absolute, 60 minutes) was administered once daily for 5 consecutive days beginning 3 days after surgery. The role of spinal cord adenosine circulation in HBO-induced analgesia was investigated using β-methylene ADP (a CD73 inhibitor), 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (an A1R antagonist), or an intrathecal injection of adenosine. The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold was determined at different timepoints before and after surgery. The spinal cord adenosine and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) contents were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography, and the spinal cord expression of adenosine-1 receptor (A1R), extracellular 5'-nucleotidase (CD73), and adenosine kinase (ADK) was examined by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. The results showed that the mechanical paw withdrawal threshold of the ipsilateral hind paw and the adenosine content decreased, and the spinal cord expression of A1R, CD73, and ADK and ATP content increased within 14 days after surgery. HBO treatment alleviated mechanical allodynia, reduced ATP content, and increased adenosine content by activating CD73 but downregulated the spinal cord expression of A1R, CD73, and ADK. Intrathecal adenosine alleviated mechanical allodynia after SMIR and downregulated the spinal cord expression of A1R and CD73, and intrathecal β-methylene ADP or 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine attenuated the analgesic effect of HBO treatment on SMIR-induced CPSP. PERSPECTIVE: Spinal cord adenosine is involved in the occurrence and development of CPSP, and HBO treatment alleviates CPSP by regulating adenosine production/metabolism in the spinal cord. Thus, HBO may be employed for the treatment of CPSP with favorable efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Yin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Women and Children's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo City, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenwu Liu
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army Naval Medical Center, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyue Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lize Xiong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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Cao B, Xu Q, Shi Y, Zhao R, Li H, Zheng J, Liu F, Wan Y, Wei B. Pathology of pain and its implications for therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:155. [PMID: 38851750 PMCID: PMC11162504 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01845-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Pain is estimated to affect more than 20% of the global population, imposing incalculable health and economic burdens. Effective pain management is crucial for individuals suffering from pain. However, the current methods for pain assessment and treatment fall short of clinical needs. Benefiting from advances in neuroscience and biotechnology, the neuronal circuits and molecular mechanisms critically involved in pain modulation have been elucidated. These research achievements have incited progress in identifying new diagnostic and therapeutic targets. In this review, we first introduce fundamental knowledge about pain, setting the stage for the subsequent contents. The review next delves into the molecular mechanisms underlying pain disorders, including gene mutation, epigenetic modification, posttranslational modification, inflammasome, signaling pathways and microbiota. To better present a comprehensive view of pain research, two prominent issues, sexual dimorphism and pain comorbidities, are discussed in detail based on current findings. The status quo of pain evaluation and manipulation is summarized. A series of improved and innovative pain management strategies, such as gene therapy, monoclonal antibody, brain-computer interface and microbial intervention, are making strides towards clinical application. We highlight existing limitations and future directions for enhancing the quality of preclinical and clinical research. Efforts to decipher the complexities of pain pathology will be instrumental in translating scientific discoveries into clinical practice, thereby improving pain management from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cao
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Qixuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yajiao Shi
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ruiyang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Hanghang Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Fengyu Liu
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - You Wan
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Zhang TL, Chen WK, Huang XP, Zheng BW, Wu PF, Zheng BY, Jiang LX, Escobar D, Li J, Lv GH, Huang W, Zhou H, Xu Z, Zou MX. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the MIF/ACKR3 receptor-ligand interaction between neutrophils and nucleus pulposus cells in intervertebral disc degeneration. Transl Res 2024; 272:1-18. [PMID: 38823438 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2024.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To unravel the heterogeneity and function of microenvironmental neutrophils during intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). METHODS Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was utilized to dissect the cellular landscape of neutrophils in intervertebral disc (IVD) tissues and their crosstalk with nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs). The expression levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and ACKR3 in IVD tissues were detected. The MIF/ACKR3 axis was identified and its effects on IDD were investigated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We sequenced here 71520 single cells from 5 control and 9 degenerated IVD samples using scRNA-seq. We identified a unique cluster of neutrophils abundant in degenerated IVD tissues that highly expressed MIF and was functionally enriched in extracellular matrix organization (ECMO). Cell-to-cell communication analyses showed that this ECMO-neutrophil subpopulation was closely interacted with an effector NPCs subtype, which displayed high expression of ACKR3. Further analyses revealed that MIF was positively correlated with ACKR3 and functioned via directly binding to ACKR3 on effector NPCs. MIF inhibition attenuated degenerative changes of NPCs and extracellular matrix, which could be partially reversed by ACKR3 overexpression. Clinically, a significant correlation of high MIF/ACKR3 expression with advanced IDD grade was observed. Furthermore, we also found a positive association between MIF+ ECMO-neutrophil counts and ACKR3+ effector NPCs density as well as higher expression of the MIF/ACKR3 signaling in areas where these two cell types were neighbors. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that ECMO-neutrophil promotes IDD progression by their communication with NPCs via the MIF/ACKR3 axis, which may shed light on therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Lan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Wen-Kang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xian-Peng Huang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Bo-Wen Zheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Peng-Fei Wu
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, National Children's Medical Center for South Central Region, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo-Yv Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, General Hospital of the Central Theater Command, Wuhan 430061, China
| | - Ling-Xiang Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202 USA
| | - David Escobar
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo, College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio 43614, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Guo-Hua Lv
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zhun Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Ming-Xiang Zou
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
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Santiago-Balmaseda A, Aguirre-Orozco A, Valenzuela-Arzeta IE, Villegas-Rojas MM, Pérez-Segura I, Jiménez-Barrios N, Hurtado-Robles E, Rodríguez-Hernández LD, Rivera-German ER, Guerra-Crespo M, Martinez-Fong D, Ledesma-Alonso C, Diaz-Cintra S, Soto-Rojas LO. Neurodegenerative Diseases: Unraveling the Heterogeneity of Astrocytes. Cells 2024; 13:921. [PMID: 38891053 PMCID: PMC11172252 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The astrocyte population, around 50% of human brain cells, plays a crucial role in maintaining the overall health and functionality of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are vital in orchestrating neuronal development by releasing synaptogenic molecules and eliminating excessive synapses. They also modulate neuronal excitability and contribute to CNS homeostasis, promoting neuronal survival by clearance of neurotransmitters, transporting metabolites, and secreting trophic factors. Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous and respond to CNS injuries and diseases through a process known as reactive astrogliosis, which can contribute to both inflammation and its resolution. Recent evidence has revealed remarkable alterations in astrocyte transcriptomes in response to several diseases, identifying at least two distinct phenotypes called A1 or neurotoxic and A2 or neuroprotective astrocytes. However, due to the vast heterogeneity of these cells, it is limited to classify them into only two phenotypes. This review explores the various physiological and pathophysiological roles, potential markers, and pathways that might be activated in different astrocytic phenotypes. Furthermore, we discuss the astrocyte heterogeneity in the main neurodegenerative diseases and identify potential therapeutic strategies. Understanding the underlying mechanisms in the differentiation and imbalance of the astrocytic population will allow the identification of specific biomarkers and timely therapeutic approaches in various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Santiago-Balmaseda
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4 Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 54090, Mexico; (A.S.-B.); (A.A.-O.); (M.M.V.-R.); (I.P.-S.); (E.H.-R.); (L.D.R.-H.); (E.R.R.-G.)
| | - Annai Aguirre-Orozco
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4 Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 54090, Mexico; (A.S.-B.); (A.A.-O.); (M.M.V.-R.); (I.P.-S.); (E.H.-R.); (L.D.R.-H.); (E.R.R.-G.)
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (I.E.V.-A.); (N.J.-B.); (D.M.-F.)
| | - Irais E. Valenzuela-Arzeta
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (I.E.V.-A.); (N.J.-B.); (D.M.-F.)
| | - Marcos M. Villegas-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4 Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 54090, Mexico; (A.S.-B.); (A.A.-O.); (M.M.V.-R.); (I.P.-S.); (E.H.-R.); (L.D.R.-H.); (E.R.R.-G.)
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico
| | - Isaac Pérez-Segura
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4 Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 54090, Mexico; (A.S.-B.); (A.A.-O.); (M.M.V.-R.); (I.P.-S.); (E.H.-R.); (L.D.R.-H.); (E.R.R.-G.)
| | - Natalie Jiménez-Barrios
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (I.E.V.-A.); (N.J.-B.); (D.M.-F.)
| | - Ernesto Hurtado-Robles
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4 Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 54090, Mexico; (A.S.-B.); (A.A.-O.); (M.M.V.-R.); (I.P.-S.); (E.H.-R.); (L.D.R.-H.); (E.R.R.-G.)
| | - Luis Daniel Rodríguez-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4 Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 54090, Mexico; (A.S.-B.); (A.A.-O.); (M.M.V.-R.); (I.P.-S.); (E.H.-R.); (L.D.R.-H.); (E.R.R.-G.)
| | - Erick R. Rivera-German
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4 Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 54090, Mexico; (A.S.-B.); (A.A.-O.); (M.M.V.-R.); (I.P.-S.); (E.H.-R.); (L.D.R.-H.); (E.R.R.-G.)
| | - Magdalena Guerra-Crespo
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Daniel Martinez-Fong
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (I.E.V.-A.); (N.J.-B.); (D.M.-F.)
| | - Carlos Ledesma-Alonso
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Querétaro 76230, Mexico;
| | - Sofía Diaz-Cintra
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Querétaro 76230, Mexico;
| | - Luis O. Soto-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4 Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 54090, Mexico; (A.S.-B.); (A.A.-O.); (M.M.V.-R.); (I.P.-S.); (E.H.-R.); (L.D.R.-H.); (E.R.R.-G.)
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10
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Lu L, Ye J, Yi D, Qi T, Luo T, Wu S, Yang L, Li L, Zhang H, Chen D. Runx2 Suppresses Astrocyte Activation and Astroglial Scar Formation After Spinal Cord Injury in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04212-6. [PMID: 38789894 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04212-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
After spinal cord injury, astrocytes undergo a reactive process and form an astroglial scar, which impedes the regeneration of axons. The role of Runx2 in promoting the transformation of astrocytes in the central nervous system is well-established. However, it remains unclear whether Runx2 also plays a role in the development of astroglial scar, and the precise underlying mechanism has yet to be identified. Recently, our study using cell culture and animal models has demonstrated that Runx2 actually suppresses astrocyte activation and the formation of astroglial scar following injury. The initial results demonstrated an increase in the expression of Runx2 in astrocytes following in vivo injury. Subsequently, the overexpression of Runx2 resulted in the inhibition of astrocyte activation, reduction in the total area of astroglial scar, and restoration of neural function after 14 days of injury. However, these effects were reversed by CADD522. These findings indicate that Runx2 could potentially serve as a therapeutic intervention for spinal cord injury (SCI). Furthermore, our findings suggest that the Nuclear-matrix-targeting signal (NMTS) of Runx2 is associated with its effect. In summary, the study's results propose that targeting Runx2 may be a promising treatment approach for reactive astrocytes and astroglial scar in the recovery of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Lu
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Jiazong Ye
- Department of Ultrasound, Dongtou District People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325700, China
| | - Dafa Yi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Tengfei Qi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Tong Luo
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Silei Wu
- The Wenzhou Third Clinical Institute Affiliated To Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Liangliang Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Daqing Chen
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
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11
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Pan Z, Yu X, Wang W, Shen K, Chen J, Zhang Y, Huang R. Sestrin2 remedies neuroinflammatory response by inhibiting A1 astrocyte conversion via autophagy. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 38761015 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Most central nervous diseases are accompanied by astrocyte activation. Autophagy, an important pathway for cells to protect themselves and maintain homeostasis, is widely involved in regulation of astrocyte activation. Reactive astrocytes may play a protective or harmful role in different diseases due to different phenotypes of astrocytes. It is an urgent task to clarify the formation mechanisms of inflammatory astrocyte phenotype, A1 astrocytes. Sestrin2 is a highly conserved protein that can be induced under a variety of stress conditions as a potential protective role in oxidative damage process. However, whether Sestrin2 can affect autophagy and involve in A1 astrocyte conversion is still uncovered. In this study, we reported that Sestrin2 and autophagy were significantly induced in mouse hippocampus after multiple intraperitoneal injections of lipopolysaccharide, with the elevation of A1 astrocyte conversion and inflammatory mediators. Knockdown Sestrin2 in C8-D1A astrocytes promoted the levels of A1 astrocyte marker C3 mRNA and inflammatory factors, which was rescued by autophagy inducer rapamycin. Overexpression of Sestrin2 in C8-D1A astrocytes attenuated A1 astrocyte conversion and reduced inflammatory factor levels via abundant autophagy. Moreover, Sestrin2 overexpression improved mitochondrial structure and morphology. These results suggest that Sestrin2 can suppress neuroinflammation by inhibiting A1 astrocyte conversion via autophagy, which is a potential drug target for treating neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguo Pan
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Xiangshui County, Yancheng, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Qingdao Eighth People's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Kai Shen
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jianwei Chen
- Interventional Medicine Center, Xi'an People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhang
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Rongrong Huang
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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12
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Xie L, Wu Q, Li K, S Khan MA, Zhang A, Sinha B, Li S, Chang SL, Brody DL, Grinstaff MW, Zhou S, Alterovitz G, Liu P, Wang X. Tryptophan Metabolism in Alzheimer's Disease with the Involvement of Microglia and Astrocyte Crosstalk and Gut-Brain Axis. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0134. [PMID: 38916729 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-dependent neurodegenerative disease characterized by extracellular Amyloid Aβ peptide (Aβ) deposition and intracellular Tau protein aggregation. Glia, especially microglia and astrocytes are core participants during the progression of AD and these cells are the mediators of Aβ clearance and degradation. The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) is a complex interactive network between the gut and brain involved in neurodegeneration. MGBA affects the function of glia in the central nervous system (CNS), and microbial metabolites regulate the communication between astrocytes and microglia; however, whether such communication is part of AD pathophysiology remains unknown. One of the potential links in bilateral gut-brain communication is tryptophan (Trp) metabolism. The microbiota-originated Trp and its metabolites enter the CNS to control microglial activation, and the activated microglia subsequently affect astrocyte functions. The present review highlights the role of MGBA in AD pathology, especially the roles of Trp per se and its metabolism as a part of the gut microbiota and brain communications. We (i) discuss the roles of Trp derivatives in microglia-astrocyte crosstalk from a bioinformatics perspective, (ii) describe the role of glia polarization in the microglia-astrocyte crosstalk and AD pathology, and (iii) summarize the potential of Trp metabolism as a therapeutic target. Finally, we review the role of Trp in AD from the perspective of the gut-brain axis and microglia, as well as astrocyte crosstalk, to inspire the discovery of novel AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lushuang Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
| | - Qiaofeng Wu
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
| | - Kelin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mohammed A S Khan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew Zhang
- Biomedical Cybernetics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bharati Sinha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sihui Li
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
| | - Sulie L Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA
| | - David L Brody
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Mark W Grinstaff
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Shuanhu Zhou
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gil Alterovitz
- Biomedical Cybernetics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pinghua Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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13
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Ikemoto H, Adachi N, Okumo T, Chuluunbat O, Hisamitsu T, Sunagawa M. Duration of the preemptive analgesic effects of low- and high-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in rats with acute inflammatory pain. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2024; 40:456-466. [PMID: 38446546 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) activates various pathways to induce antinociceptive effects, based on the frequencies used. This study evaluates the preemptive analgesic effects and their duration of low- (LT: 4 Hz) and high-frequency TENS (HT: 100 Hz) using a rat model of acute inflammatory pain. Acute inflammation was induced by injecting 1% formalin into the hind paws of rats. LT or HT was applied for 30 min before formalin injection. Pain-related behaviors, such as licking, flinching, and lifting, were recorded for 60 min postinjection. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the number of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK)- and c-fos-positive cells in the spinal cord. Naloxone, a μ-opioid receptors (MORs) antagonist, and naltrindole, a δ-opioid receptors (DORs) antagonist, were administered before TENS application. Pain behavior duration and pERK- and c-fos-positive cell expression were then measured. LT and HT pretreatment significantly reduced both pain behaviors and the number of pERK- and c-fos-positive cells postformalin injection. Naloxone and naltrindole partially reversed the effects of LT and HT, respectively. Notably, HT's analgesic effect lasted up to 120 min whereas that of LT persisted for 90 min. LT and HT effectively exerted their preemptive analgesic effects on acute inflammatory pain by inhibiting pERK and c-fos expression in the spinal cord. HT presented a longer-lasting effect compared to LT. MOR and DOR activation may contribute to LT and HT's analgesic mechanisms, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideshi Ikemoto
- Department of Physiology, Showa University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Adachi
- Department of Physiology, Showa University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Okumo
- Department of Physiology, Showa University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Oyunchimeg Chuluunbat
- Department of Physiology, Showa University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Hisamitsu
- Department of Physiology, Showa University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masataka Sunagawa
- Department of Physiology, Showa University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Xu C, Wang Y, Ni H, Yao M, Cheng L, Lin X. The role of orphan G protein-coupled receptors in pain. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28818. [PMID: 38590871 PMCID: PMC11000026 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which form the largest family of membrane protein receptors in humans, are highly complex signaling systems with intricate structures and dynamic conformations and locations. Among these receptors, a specific subset is referred to as orphan GPCRs (oGPCRs) and has garnered significant interest in pain research due to their role in both central and peripheral nervous system function. The diversity of GPCR functions is attributed to multiple factors, including allosteric modulators, signaling bias, oligomerization, constitutive signaling, and compartmentalized signaling. This review primarily focuses on the recent advances in oGPCR research on pain mechanisms, discussing the role of specific oGPCRs including GPR34, GPR37, GPR65, GPR83, GPR84, GPR85, GPR132, GPR151, GPR160, GPR171, GPR177, and GPR183. The orphan receptors among these receptors associated with central nervous system diseases are also briefly described. Understanding the functions of these oGPCRs can contribute not only to a deeper understanding of pain mechanisms but also offer a reference for discovering new targets for pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfei Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third People's Hospital of Bengbu, Bengbu, 233000, PR China
| | - Yahui Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, PR China
| | - Huadong Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, PR China
| | - Ming Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, PR China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third People's Hospital of Bengbu, Bengbu, 233000, PR China
| | - Xuewu Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, PR China
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15
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Rahman MS, Islam R, Bhuiyan MIH. Ion transporter cascade, reactive astrogliosis and cerebrovascular diseases. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1374408. [PMID: 38659577 PMCID: PMC11041382 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1374408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular diseases and their sequalae, such as ischemic stroke, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, and vascular dementia are significant contributors to adult disability and cognitive impairment in the modern world. Astrocytes are an integral part of the neurovascular unit in the CNS and play a pivotal role in CNS homeostasis, including ionic and pH balance, neurotransmission, cerebral blood flow, and metabolism. Astrocytes respond to cerebral insults, inflammation, and diseases through unique molecular, morphological, and functional changes, collectively known as reactive astrogliosis. The function of reactive astrocytes has been a subject of debate. Initially, astrocytes were thought to primarily play a supportive role in maintaining the structure and function of the nervous system. However, recent studies suggest that reactive astrocytes may have both beneficial and detrimental effects. For example, in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, reactive astrocytes can cause oligodendrocyte death and demyelination. In this review, we will summarize the (1) roles of ion transporter cascade in reactive astrogliosis, (2) role of reactive astrocytes in vascular dementia and related dementias, and (3) potential therapeutic approaches for dementing disorders targeting reactive astrocytes. Understanding the relationship between ion transporter cascade, reactive astrogliosis, and cerebrovascular diseases may reveal mechanisms and targets for the development of therapies for brain diseases associated with reactive astrogliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shamim Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | | | - Mohammad Iqbal H. Bhuiyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
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16
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Yi H, Zhu B, Zheng C, Ying Z, Cheng M. CXCL13/CXCR5 promote chronic postsurgical pain and astrocyte activation in rats by targeting NLRP3. Neuroreport 2024; 35:406-412. [PMID: 38526919 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000002023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) with high incidence negatively impacts the quality of life. X-C motif chemokine 13 (CXCL13) has been associated with postsurgery inflammation and exacerbates neuropathic pain in patients with CPSP. This study was aimed to illustrate the relationship between CXCL13 and nod-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3), which is also involved in CPSP. A CPSP model was constructed by skin/muscle incision and retraction (SMIR) in right medial thigh, and the rats were divided into three groups: Sham, SMIR, and SMIR + anti-CXCL13 (intrathecally injected with anti-CXCL13 antibody). Then, the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) score of rats was recorded. Primary rat astrocytes were isolated and treated with recombinant protein CXCL13 with or without NLRP3 inhibitor INF39. The expressions of CXCL13, CXCR5, IL-1β, IL-18, GFAP, NLRP3, and Caspase-1 p20 were detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR, western blot, ELISA, immunocytochemistry, and immunofluorescence analyses. The anti-CXCL13 antibody alleviated SMIR-induced decreased PWT and increased expression of GFAP, CXCL13, CXCR5, NLRP3, and Caspase-1 p20 in spinal cord tissues. The production of IL-1β, IL-18, and expression of CXCL13, CXCR5, GFAP, NLRP3, and Caspase-1 p20 were increased in recombinant protein CXCL13-treated primary rat astrocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with NLRP3 inhibitor INF39 inhibited the function of recombinant protein CXCL13 in primary rat astrocytes. The CXCL13/CXCR5 signaling could promote neuropathic pain, astrocytes activation, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in CPSP model rats by targeting NLRP3. NLRP3 may be a potential target for the management of CPSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongda Yi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hangzhou Women's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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17
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Bugara K, Pacwa A, Smedowski A. Molecular pathways in experimental glaucoma models. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1363170. [PMID: 38562304 PMCID: PMC10982327 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1363170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a complex and progressive disease that primarily affects the optic nerve axons, leading to irreversible vision loss. Although the exact molecular mechanisms underlying glaucoma pathogenesis are not fully understood, it is believed that except increased intraocular pressure, a combination of genetic and environmental factors play a role in the development of the disease. Animal models have been widely used in the study of glaucoma, allowing researchers to better understand the underlying mechanisms of the disease and test potential treatments. Several molecular pathways have been implicated in the pathogenesis of glaucoma, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and excitotoxic-induced neurodegeneration. This review summarizes the most important knowledge about molecular mechanisms involved in the glaucoma development. Although much research has been done to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this disease, there is still much to be learned to develop effective treatments and prevent vision loss in those affected by glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Bugara
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Pacwa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- GlaucoTech Co., Katowice, Poland
| | - Adrian Smedowski
- GlaucoTech Co., Katowice, Poland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Professor K. Gibinski University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Liu X, Cai H, Peng L, Ma H, Yan Y, Li W, Zhao J. Microglial Nrf2/HO-1 signaling gates remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia via suppressing TRPV4-mediated M1 polarization. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 214:87-100. [PMID: 38295888 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia (RIH) represents a significant clinical challenge due to the widespread use of opioids in pain management. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying RIH remain elusive. This study aimed to unravel the role of spinal cord microglia, focusing on the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and TRPV4 channels in the development of RIH. We used both in vivo and in vitro models to investigate the activation state of spinal cord microglia, the expression of TRPV4 channels, and the modulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway under remifentanil exposure. In addition, we evaluated the potential therapeutic effects of dexmedetomidine, a perioperative α2-adrenergic agonist, on RIH and its related molecular pathways. Our results revealed a prominent role of spinal cord microglia in RIH, demonstrating an apparent microglial M1 polarization and increased TRPV4 channel expression. A notable observation was the downregulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, which was associated with increased neuroinflammation and mechanical allodynia. By upregulating or overexpressing Nrf2, we confirmed its ability to inhibit TRPV4 and thereby attenuate RIH-associated mechanical allodynia, M1 polarization, and neuroinflammation. Encouragingly, dexmedetomidine demonstrated therapeutic potential by positively modulating the Nrf2-TRPV4 nexus, attenuating mechanical allodynia, and reducing microglial inflammation. Our research highlights the critical role of spinal cord microglia in RIH mediated by the Nrf2-TRPV4 axis. The ability of dexmedetomidine to modulate this axis suggests its potential as an adjunctive therapy to remifentanil in mitigating RIH. Further studies are imperative to explore the broader implications and practical applicability of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Huamei Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hongli Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yun Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Weixia Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Xu F, Chen A, Pan S, Wu Y, He H, Han Z, Lu L, Orgil B, Chi X, Yang C, Jia S, Yu C, Mi J. Systems genetics analysis reveals the common genetic basis for pain sensitivity and cognitive function. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14557. [PMID: 38421132 PMCID: PMC10850811 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence of a strong correlation between pain sensitivity and cognitive function under both physiological and pathological conditions. However, the detailed mechanisms remain largely unknown. In the current study, we sought to explore candidate genes and common molecular mechanisms underlying pain sensitivity and cognitive function with a transcriptome-wide association study using recombinant inbred mice from the BXD family. METHODS The pain sensitivity determined by Hargreaves' paw withdrawal test and cognition-related phenotypes were systematically analyzed in 60 strains of BXD mice and correlated with hippocampus transcriptomes, followed by quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and systems genetics analysis. RESULTS The pain sensitivity showed significant variability across the BXD strains and co-varies with cognitive traits. Pain sensitivity correlated hippocampual genes showed a significant involvement in cognition-related pathways, including glutamatergic synapse, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Moreover, QTL mapping identified a genomic region on chromosome 4, potentially regulating the variation of pain sensitivity. Integrative analysis of expression QTL mapping, correlation analysis, and Bayesian network modeling identified Ring finger protein 20 (Rnf20) as the best candidate. Further pathway analysis indicated that Rnf20 may regulate the expression of pain sensitivity and cognitive function through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, particularly through interactions with genes Ppp2r2b, Ppp2r5c, Col9a3, Met, Rps6, Tnc, and Kras. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that pain sensitivity is associated with genetic background and Rnf20-mediated PI3K-Akt signaling may involve in the regulation of pain sensitivity and cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyi Xu
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and TreatmentBinzhou Medical UniversityYantaiChina
| | - Anran Chen
- The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao UniversityYantaiChina
| | - Shuijing Pan
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and TreatmentBinzhou Medical UniversityYantaiChina
| | - Yingying Wu
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and TreatmentBinzhou Medical UniversityYantaiChina
| | - Hongjie He
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and TreatmentBinzhou Medical UniversityYantaiChina
| | - Zhe Han
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and TreatmentBinzhou Medical UniversityYantaiChina
| | - Lu Lu
- University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | | | - XiaoDong Chi
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and TreatmentBinzhou Medical UniversityYantaiChina
| | - Cunhua Yang
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and TreatmentBinzhou Medical UniversityYantaiChina
| | - Shushan Jia
- Department of AnesthesiologyYanTai Affiliated Hospital of BinZhou Medical UniversityYantaiChina
| | - Cuicui Yu
- The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao UniversityYantaiChina
| | - Jia Mi
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and TreatmentBinzhou Medical UniversityYantaiChina
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20
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Larson KC, Martens LH, Marconi M, Dejesus C, Bruhn S, Miller TA, Tate B, Levenson JM. Preclinical translational platform of neuroinflammatory disease biology relevant to neurodegenerative disease. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:37. [PMID: 38297405 PMCID: PMC10832185 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a key driver of neurodegenerative disease, however the tools available to model this disease biology at the systems level are lacking. We describe a translational drug discovery platform based on organotypic culture of murine cortical brain slices that recapitulate disease-relevant neuroinflammatory biology. After an acute injury response, the brain slices assume a chronic neuroinflammatory state marked by transcriptomic profiles indicative of activation of microglia and astrocytes and loss of neuronal function. Microglia are necessary for manifestation of this neuroinflammation, as depletion of microglia prior to isolation of the brain slices prevents both activation of astrocytes and robust loss of synaptic function genes. The transcriptomic pattern of neuroinflammation in the mouse platform is present in published datasets derived from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and frontotemporal dementia. Pharmacological utility of the platform was validated by demonstrating reversal of microglial activation and the overall transcriptomic signature with transforming growth factor-β. Additional anti-inflammatory targets were screened and inhibitors of glucocorticoid receptors, COX-2, dihydrofolate reductase, and NLRP3 inflammasome all failed to reverse the neuroinflammatory signature. Bioinformatics analysis of the neuroinflammatory signature identified protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 11 (PTPN11/SHP2) as a potential target. Three structurally distinct inhibitors of PTPN11 (RMC-4550, TN0155, IACS-13909) reversed the neuroinflammatory disease signature. Collectively, these results highlight the utility of this novel neuroinflammatory platform for facilitating identification and validation of targets for neuroinflammatory neurodegenerative disease drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley C Larson
- Vigil Neuroscience, Watertown, USA
- Tiaki Therapeutics, Inc., c/o Dementia Discovery Fund, 201 Washington Street, 39th Floor, Boston, MA, 02108, USA
| | - Lauren H Martens
- , Neumora Therapeutics, Watertown, USA
- Tiaki Therapeutics, Inc., c/o Dementia Discovery Fund, 201 Washington Street, 39th Floor, Boston, MA, 02108, USA
| | - Michael Marconi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
- Tiaki Therapeutics, Inc., c/o Dementia Discovery Fund, 201 Washington Street, 39th Floor, Boston, MA, 02108, USA
| | - Christopher Dejesus
- Atalanta Therapeutics, Boston, USA
- Tiaki Therapeutics, Inc., c/o Dementia Discovery Fund, 201 Washington Street, 39th Floor, Boston, MA, 02108, USA
| | - Suzanne Bruhn
- Charcot-Marie-Tooth Association, Glenolden, USA
- Tiaki Therapeutics, Inc., c/o Dementia Discovery Fund, 201 Washington Street, 39th Floor, Boston, MA, 02108, USA
| | - Thomas A Miller
- Walden Biosciences, Cambridge, USA
- Tiaki Therapeutics, Inc., c/o Dementia Discovery Fund, 201 Washington Street, 39th Floor, Boston, MA, 02108, USA
| | - Barbara Tate
- FARA, Homestead, USA
- Tiaki Therapeutics, Inc., c/o Dementia Discovery Fund, 201 Washington Street, 39th Floor, Boston, MA, 02108, USA
| | - Jonathan M Levenson
- FireCyte Therapeutics, Beverly, USA.
- Tiaki Therapeutics, Inc., c/o Dementia Discovery Fund, 201 Washington Street, 39th Floor, Boston, MA, 02108, USA.
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21
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Wang C, He H, Gao T, Sun X, Du L, Yang Y, Zhu J, Yang Y, Wang Y, Mi W. Analgesic Effect of Exercise on Neuropathic Pain via Regulating the Complement Component 3 of Reactive Astrocytes. Anesth Analg 2024:00000539-990000000-00724. [PMID: 38294950 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise has been proven to be an efficient intervention in attenuating neuropathic pain. However, the underlying mechanisms that drive exercise analgesia remain unknown. In this study, we aimed to examine the role of complement component 3 (C3) in neuropathic pain and whether antinociceptive effects are produced by exercise via regulating C3 in mice. METHODS In this study, using a spared nerve injury (SNI)-induced neuropathic pain mice model, C57BL/6J mice were divided into 3 groups: Sham mice, SNI mice, and SNI + Exercise (Ex) mice with 30-minute low-intensity aerobic treadmill running (10 m/min, no inclination). Paw withdrawal threshold; thermal withdrawal latency; and glial fibrillary acidic protein, C3, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interlukin-1β expression in the spinal cord were monitored. C3 knockout (KO) mice were further used to verify the role of C3 in neuropathic pain. RESULTS von Frey test, acetone test, and CatWalk gait analysis revealed that treadmill exercise for 4 weeks reversed pain behaviors. In addition, exercise reduced astrocyte reactivity (SNI mean = 14.5, 95% confidence interval [CI], 12.7-16.3; SNI + Ex mean = 10.3, 95% CI, 8.77-11.9, P = .0003 SNI + Ex versus SNI) and inflammatory responses in the spinal cord after SNI. Moreover, it suppressed the SNI-induced upregulation of C3 expression in the spinal cord (SNI mean = 5.46, 95% CI, 3.39-7.53; SNI + Ex mean = 2.41, 95% CI, 1.42-3.41, P = .0054 SNI + Ex versus SNI in Western blot). C3 deficiency reduced SNI-induced pain and spinal astrocyte reactivity (wild type mean = 7.96, 95% CI, 6.80-9.13; C3 KO mean = 5.98, 95% CI, 5.14-6.82, P = .0052 C3 KO versus wild type). Intrathecal injection of recombinant C3 (rC3) was sufficient to produce mechanical (rC3-Ex mean = 0.77, 95% CI, 0.15-1.39; rC3 mean = 0.18, 95% CI, -0.04 to 0.41, P = .0168 rC3-Ex versus rC3) and cold (rC3-Ex mean = 1.08, 95% CI, 0.40-1.77; rC3 mean = 3.46, 95% CI, 1.45-5.47, P = .0025 rC3-Ex versus rC3) allodynia in mice. Importantly, exercise training relieved C3-induced mechanical and cold allodynia, and the analgesic effect of exercise was attenuated by a subeffective dose of intrathecal injection of C3. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results suggest that exercise suppresses neuropathic pain by regulating astroglial C3 expression and function, thereby providing a rationale for the analgesic effect of exercise as an acceptable alternative approach for treating neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Wang
- From the Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui He
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianchi Gao
- From the Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinzheng Sun
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Lixia Du
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yayue Yang
- From the Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianyu Zhu
- From the Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yachen Yang
- From the Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- From the Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenli Mi
- From the Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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22
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Avola R, Furnari AG, Graziano ACE, Russo A, Cardile V. Management of the Brain: Essential Oils as Promising Neuroinflammation Modulator in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:178. [PMID: 38397776 PMCID: PMC10886016 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, a pivotal factor in the pathogenesis of various brain disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, has become a focal point for therapeutic exploration. This review highlights neuroinflammatory mechanisms that hallmark neurodegenerative diseases and the potential benefits of essential oils in counteracting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, thereby offering a novel strategy for managing and mitigating the impact of various brain disorders. Essential oils, derived from aromatic plants, have emerged as versatile compounds with a myriad of health benefits. Essential oils exhibit robust antioxidant activity, serving as scavengers of free radicals and contributing to cellular defense against oxidative stress. Furthermore, essential oils showcase anti-inflammatory properties, modulating immune responses and mitigating inflammatory processes implicated in various chronic diseases. The intricate mechanisms by which essential oils and phytomolecules exert their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects were explored, shedding light on their multifaceted properties. Notably, we discussed their ability to modulate diverse pathways crucial in maintaining oxidative homeostasis and suppressing inflammatory responses, and their capacity to rescue cognitive deficits observed in preclinical models of neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Avola
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna “Kore”, 94100 Enna, Italy;
| | | | | | - Alessandra Russo
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Venera Cardile
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
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Luo X, Wan T, Ding Z, Hou X, Wang J, Guo Q, Song Z. Activation of A1 reactive astrocytes in the medullary dorsal horn of rats participates in the chronification of trigeminal neuralgia. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 49:21-28. [PMID: 38615162 PMCID: PMC11017030 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2024.230303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The activation of astrocytes is an important process in the formation of chronic pain. This study aims to observe the activation of A1 reactive astrocytes in the medullary dorsal horn in the rat model of trigeminal neuralgia, and to explore the mechanism of central sensitization caused by A1 reactive astrocyte. METHODS The adult male rats were randomly divided into a sham group and a chronic constriction injury of infraorbital nerve (ION-CCI) group. The facial mechanical pain threshold and thermal withdrawal latency were measured before the operation and on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 10th, and 14th day after the operation. After pain behavior observation, the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the medullary dorsal horn was observed by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence colocalization of GFAP, complement 3 (C3)/S100A10, and 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) was analyzed. Primary astrocytes were cultured and randomly divided into a naive group and a DHK group. The DHK group was treated with 1 mmol/L of astrocyte activation inhibitor dihydrokainic acid (DHK). Fura-2/AM was used to stain the astrocytes and the calcium wave of the 2 groups under the stimulation of high potassium was recorded and compared. The expression of C3 was detected by Western blotting. RESULTS The facial mechanical pain threshold and thermal withdrawal latency of the ION-CCI group were significantly lower than those of the sham group (both P<0.05). There were a large number of GFAP positive astrocytes in the medullary dorsal horn of the ION-CCI group. The fluorescence intensity of GFAP in the ION-CCI group was higher than that in the sham group (P<0.05). GFAP and C3/S100A10 were co-expressed in astrocytes. Compared with the sham group, the fluorescence intensity of C3 and the protein expression of C3 in the ION-CCI group were increased (both P<0.05). The expression of C3 in ION-CCI group was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the naive group, the C3 protein expression was significantly decreased in the DHK group (P<0.05). The intensity of calcium fluorescence was increased after high potassium stimulation in both groups. Furthermore, the peak and increase amplitude of calcium fluorescence in the naive group were much higher than those in the DHK group (both P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS A1 reactive astrocytes in the medullary dorsal horn of trigeminal neuralgia model rats are increased significantly, which may participate in central sensitization of trigeminal neuralgia by impacting astrocyte calcium wave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Tong Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zhuofeng Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xinran Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Qulian Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zongbin Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
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Chen Y, Hu Y, He X, Zang H, Sun R, Zhu C, Yao W. Activation of mitochondrial DNA-mediated cGAS-STING pathway contributes to chronic postsurgical pain by inducing type I interferons and A1 reactive astrocytes in the spinal cord. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 127:111348. [PMID: 38086268 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) is increasingly recognized as a public health issue. Recent studies indicated the innate immune pathway of cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) was involved in pain regulation. However, the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. Previous studies found A1 reactive astrocytes in the spinal cord contributed to CPSP. This study aimed to investigate the roles and mechanisms of the cGAS-STING pathway in regulating the generation of A1 reactive astrocytes during CPSP. First, CPSP model was established using skin/muscle incision and retraction (SMIR) in rats. We found that cGAS-STING pathway was activated accompanied with an increase in mitochondrial DNA in the cytosol in the spinal cord following SMIR. Second, a STING inhibitor C-176 was intrathecally administrated. We found that C-176 decreased the expression of type I interferons and A1 reactive astrocytes in the spinal cord, and alleviated mechanical allodynia in SMIR rats. Third, cyclosporin A as a mitochondrial permeability transition pore blocker was intrathecally administrated. We found that cyclosporin A decreased the leakage of mitochondrial DNA and inhibited the activation of cGAS-STING pathway. Compared with C-176, cyclosporin A exhibits similar analgesic effects. The expression of type I interferons and A1 reactive astrocytes in the spinal cord were also down-regulated after intervention with cyclosporin A. Moreover, simultaneous administration of cyclosporin A and C-176 did not show synergistic effects in SMIR rats. Therefore, our study demonstrated that the cGAS-STING pathway activated by the leakage of mitochondrial DNA contributed to chronic postsurgical pain by inducing type I interferons and A1 reactive astrocytes in the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuye Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yingjie Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiao He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hu Zang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Rao Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chang Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wenlong Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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孙 晓, 史 航, 张 磊, 刘 中, 李 克, 钱 玲, 朱 星, 杨 康, 付 强, 丁 华. [Exosomes from ectoderm mesenchymal stem cells inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial M1 polarization and promotes survival of H 2O 2-exposed PC12 cells by suppressing inflammatory response and oxidative stress]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2024; 44:119-128. [PMID: 38293983 PMCID: PMC10878899 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2024.01.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential value of exosomes derived from rat ectoderm mesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs-exo) for repairing secondary spinal cord injury. METHODS EMSCs-exo were obtained using ultracentrifugation from EMSCs isolated from rat nasal mucosa, identified by transmission electron microscope, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and Western blotting, and quantified using the BCA method. Neonatal rat microglia purified by differential attachment were induced with 100 μg/L lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and treated with 37.5 or 75 mg/L EMSCs-exo. PC12 cells were exposed to 400 μmol/L H2O2 and treated with EMSCs-exo at 37.5 or 75 mg/L. The protein and mRNA expressions of Arg1 and iNOS in the treated cells were determined with Western blotting and qRT- PCR, and the concentrations of IL- 6, IL-10, and IGF-1 in the supernatants were measured with ELISA. The viability and apoptosis of PC12 cells were detected using CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry. RESULTS The isolated rat EMSCs showed high expressions of nestin, CD44, CD105, and vimentin. The obtained EMSCs-exo had a typical cup-shaped structure under transmission electron microscope with an average particle size of 142 nm and positivity for CD63, CD81, and TSG101 but not vimentin. In LPS-treated microglia, EMSCs-exo treatment at 75 mg/L significantly increased Arg1 protein level and lowered iNOS protein expression (P < 0.05). EMSCs-exo treatment at 75 mg/L, as compared with the lower concentration at 37.5 mg/L, more strongly increased Arg1 mRNA expression and IGF-1 and IL-10 production and decreased iNOS mRNA expression and IL-6 production in LPS-induced microglia, and more effectively promoted cell survival and decreased apoptosis rate of H2O2-induced PC12 cells (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION EMSCs-exo at 75 mg/L can effectively reduce the proportion of M1 microglia and alleviate neuronal apoptosis under oxidative stress to promote neuronal survival, suggesting its potential in controlling secondary spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- 晓鹏 孙
- 江苏大学附属人民医院骨科,江苏 镇江 212000Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - 航 史
- 江苏大学附属人民医院骨科,江苏 镇江 212000Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - 磊 张
- 江苏大学附属人民医院骨科,江苏 镇江 212000Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - 中 刘
- 上海交通大学医学院附属第一人民医院骨科,上海 200080Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - 克威 李
- 上海交通大学医学院附属第一人民医院骨科,上海 200080Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - 玲玲 钱
- 江苏大学医学院,江苏 镇江 212013School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - 星宇 朱
- 江苏大学附属人民医院骨科,江苏 镇江 212000Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - 康佳 杨
- 江苏大学附属人民医院骨科,江苏 镇江 212000Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - 强 付
- 上海交通大学医学院附属第一人民医院骨科,上海 200080Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - 华 丁
- 江苏大学附属人民医院骨科,江苏 镇江 212000Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
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Zhao Q, Ren YL, Zhu YJ, Huang RQ, Zhu RR, Cheng LM, Xie N. The origins and dynamic changes of C3- and S100A10-positive reactive astrocytes after spinal cord injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1276506. [PMID: 38188669 PMCID: PMC10766709 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1276506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Accaumulating studies focus on the effects of C3-positive A1-like phenotypes and S100A10-positive A2-like phenotypes of reactive astrocytes on spinal cord injury (SCI), however the origins and dynamic changes of C3- and S100A10-positive reactive astrocytes after SCI remain poorly understood. Through transgenic mice and lineage tracing, we aimed to determine the origins of C3- and S100A10-positive reactive astrocytes. Meanwhile, the distribution and dynamic changes in C3- and S100A10-positive reactive astrocytes were also detected in juvenile and adult SCI mice models and cultured astrocytes. Combing with bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bioinformatic analysis, we further explored the dynamic transcripts changes of C3- and S100A10-positive reactive astrocytes after SCI. We confirmed that resident astrocytes produced both C3- and S100A10-positive reactive astrocytes, whereas ependymal cells regenerated only S100A10-positive reactive astrocytes in lesion area. Importantly, C3-positive reactive astrocytes were predominantly activated in adult SCI mice, while S100A10-positive reactive astrocytes were hyperactivated in juvenile mice. Furthermore, we observed that C3- and S100A10-positive reactive astrocytes had a dynamic transformation process at different time in vitro and vivo, and a majority of intermediate states of C3- and S100A10-positive reactive astrocytes were found during transformation. RNA-seq and scRNA-seq results further confirmed that the transcripts of C3-positive reactive astrocytes and their lipid toxicity were gradually increased with time and age. In contrast, S100A10-positive reactive astrocytes transcripts increased at early time and then gradually decreased after SCI. Our results provide insight into the origins and dynamic changes of C3- and S100A10-positive reactive astrocytes after SCI, which would be valuable resources to further target C3- and S100A10-positive reactive astrocytes after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-long Ren
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-jing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui-qi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong-rong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-ming Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Xie
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Wang J, Ru QM, Yu XH, Wang C, Li K, Han CZY, Li N, Zhao J, Wood JN, Liu X, Wang R, Wang Y. Direct inhibition of microglial activation by a μ receptor selective agonist alleviates inflammatory-induced pain hypersensitivity. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 961:176182. [PMID: 37951488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Opioids are widely used in the treatment of moderate and severe pain. Nociceptive stimulation has been reported to potentially promote microglial activation and neuroinflammation, which also causes chronic pain sensitization. The aim of this study was to demonstrate whether the novel μ receptor agonist MEL-0614 could inhibit activated microglia directly and the associated signaling pathway. Mice were administered lipopolysaccharide and formalin to induce allodynia. Von Frey test was used to detect the anti-allodynia effect of MEL-0614 before and after LPS and formalin injection. In the spinal cord, the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and microglial activation were determined after MEL-0614 administration. BV2 and primary microglia were cultured to further explore the effect of MEL-0614 on LPS-induced microglial activation and key signaling pathways involved. MEL-0614 partially prevented and reversed allodynia induced by LPS and formalin in vivo, which was not inhibited by the μ receptor antagonist CTAP. Minocycline was effective in reversing the established allodynia. MEL-0614 also downregulated the activation of microglia and related proinflammatory cytokines in the spinal cord. Additionally, in BV2 and primary microglia, MEL-0614 inhibited the LPS-induced upregulation of proinflammatory factors, which was unaffected by CTAP. The NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) related signaling pathway may be involved in the interaction between MEL-0614 and microglia. The opioid agonist MEL-0614 inhibited the activation of microglia and the subsequent upregulation of proinflammatory factors both in vivo and in vitro. Notably, this effect is partially mediated by the μ receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiao-Min Ru
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Changlong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chao-Zhen-Yi Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John N Wood
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China.
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
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Echeverria-Villalobos M, Tortorici V, Brito BE, Ryskamp D, Uribe A, Weaver T. The role of neuroinflammation in the transition of acute to chronic pain and the opioid-induced hyperalgesia and tolerance. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1297931. [PMID: 38161698 PMCID: PMC10755684 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1297931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Current evidence suggests that activation of glial and immune cells leads to increased production of proinflammatory mediators, creating a neuroinflammatory state. Neuroinflammation has been proven to be a fundamental mechanism in the genesis of acute pain and its transition to neuropathic and chronic pain. A noxious event that stimulates peripheral afferent nerve fibers may also activate pronociceptive receptors situated at the dorsal root ganglion and dorsal horn of the spinal cord, as well as peripheral glial cells, setting off the so-called peripheral sensitization and spreading neuroinflammation to the brain. Once activated, microglia produce cytokines, chemokines, and neuropeptides that can increase the sensitivity and firing properties of second-order neurons, upregulating the signaling of nociceptive information to the cerebral cortex. This process, known as central sensitization, is crucial for chronification of acute pain. Immune-neuronal interactions are also implicated in the lesser-known complex regulatory relationship between pain and opioids. Current evidence suggests that activated immune and glial cells can alter neuronal function, induce, and maintain pathological pain, and disrupt the analgesic effects of opioid drugs by contributing to the development of tolerance and dependence, even causing paradoxical hyperalgesia. Such alterations may occur when the neuronal environment is impacted by trauma, inflammation, and immune-derived molecules, or when opioids induce proinflammatory glial activation. Hence, understanding these intricate interactions may help in managing pain signaling and opioid efficacy beyond the classical pharmacological approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor Tortorici
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Department of Behavioral Sciences, Universidad Metropolitana, Caracas, Venezuela
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Center of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Beatriz E. Brito
- Immunopathology Laboratory, Center of Experimental Medicine, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - David Ryskamp
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Alberto Uribe
- Anesthesiology Department, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Tristan Weaver
- Anesthesiology Department, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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Liu L, Luo Z, Mai Y, Lu Y, Sun Z, Chen J, Zeng T, Chen L, Liu Z, Yang H, Xu Q, Lan L, Tang C. Dexmedetomidine relieves inflammatory pain by enhancing GABAergic synaptic activity in pyramidal neurons of the anterior cingulate cortex. Neuropharmacology 2023; 240:109710. [PMID: 37683885 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Pyramidal neuron (Pyn) hyperactivity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is involved in the modulation of pain. Previous studies indicate that the activation of α2 adrenoceptors (α2-ARs) by dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a safe and effective means of alleviating multiple types of pain. Here, we showed that systemically administered DEX can ameliorate the inflammatory pain induced by hindpaw injection of formalin (FA) and further examined the molecular and synaptic mechanisms of this DEX-elicited antinociceptive effect. We found that FA caused an increase in c-Fos expression in contralateral layer 2/3 (L2/3) ACC, and that intra-ACC infusion of DEX could also relieve phase 2 inflammatory pain behavior. DEX elicited an increase in the amplitude and frequency of miniature inhibitory post-synaptic currents (mIPSCs) and evoked IPSC amplitude, as well as a reduction in the hyperexcitability and both paired-pulse and excitation/inhibition ratios in contralateral L2/3 ACC Pyns of FA mice. These electrophysiological effects were associated with the upregulation of GABA A receptor (GABAAR) subunits. The interaction of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) with GABAAR subunits increased in the ACC following administration of DEX. These results suggest that DEX treatment reduces hyperactivity and enhances GABAergic inhibitory synaptic transmission in ACC Pyns, which produces analgesic effects by increasing GABAAR levels and activating the Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China; South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhihao Luo
- Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuanying Mai
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510130, China
| | - Zhaoxia Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Tianyu Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zihao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Hanyu Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Lan Lan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Chunzhi Tang
- Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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30
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Wu PZ, Yao J, Meng B, Qin YB, Cao S. Blood-nerve barrier enhances chronic postsurgical pain via the HIF-1α/ aquaporin-1 signaling axis. BMC Anesthesiol 2023; 23:381. [PMID: 37990154 PMCID: PMC10662690 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-023-02306-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood nerve barrier (BNB) participates in the development of neuropathic pain. AQP1 is involved in peripheral pain perception and is negatively correlated with HIF-1α phenotype, which regulates endothelial permeability. However, the role of HIF-1α-AQP1-mediated BNB dysfunction in Chronic Postsurgical Pain (CPSP) has not been reported. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into 5 groups: (i) Naive group; (ii) Sham group; (iii) SMIR group: skin/muscle incision and retraction for one hour. Behavioral tests were performed for the three groups, BNB vascular permeability and western blotting were conducted to determine HIF-1α and AQP1 protein expression. (iv) The SMIR + HIF-1α inhibitor group; (v) SMIR + DMSO group. Rats in the two groups were administered with HIF-1α inhibitor (2ME2) or DMSO intraperitoneally on the third day post-SMIR surgery followed by performance of behavioral tests, BNB permeability assessment, and determination of HIF-1α, AQP1 and NF200 protein levels. RESULTS The permeability of BNB was significantly increased and the expression of AQP1 was downregulated on the 3rd and 7th days post-operation. AQP1 is mainly located in neurons and NF200, CGRP-positive nerve fibers. HIF-1α was highly expressed on the third day post-operation. HIF-1α inhibitor reversed the decrease in AQP1 expression and increase in NF200 expression, barrier permeability and hyperalgesia induced by SMIR on the 3rd day post-surgery. CONCLUSIONS Early dysfunction of BNB mediated by HIF-1α/AQP1 activated by SMIR may be an important mechanism to promote acute postoperative painful transformation of CPSP. Preadaptive protection of endothelial cells around nerve substructures may be an important countermeasure to inhibit CPSP transformation. Early impairment of BNB function mediated by HIF-1α/AQP1 activated by SMIR may be an important mechanism for promoting acute postoperative pain transformation of CPSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Zhi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital and Medical School of Nantong University, No. 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ju Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital and Medical School of Nantong University, No. 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bei Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital and Medical School of Nantong University, No. 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Bin Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital and Medical School of Nantong University, No. 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Su Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital and Medical School of Nantong University, No. 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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Wang T, Wang D, Sun Y, Zhuang T, Li X, Yang H, Zang Y, Liu Z, Yang P, Zhang C, Cui J, Fu M, Zhang S, Su P, Li Z, Zhu J, Ding Y. Regulation of the Hippo/YAP axis by CXCR7 in the tumorigenesis of gastric cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:297. [PMID: 37950281 PMCID: PMC10636825 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02870-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Hippo pathway is crucial in organ size control and tumorigenesis. Dysregulation of the Hippo/YAP axis is commonly observed in gastric cancer, while effective therapeutic targets for the Hippo/YAP axis are lacking. Identification of reliable drug targets and the underlying mechanisms that could inhibit the activity of the Hippo/YAP axis and gastric cancer progression is urgently needed. METHODS We used several gastric cancer cell lines and xenograft models and performed immunoblotting, qPCR, and in vivo studies to investigate the function of CXCR7 in gastric cancer progression. RESULTS In our current study, we demonstrate that the membrane receptor CXCR7 (C-X-C chemokine receptor 7) is an important modulator of the Hippo/YAP axis. The activation of CXCR7 could stimulate gastric cancer cell progression through the Hippo/YAP axis in vitro and in vivo, while pharmaceutical inhibition of CXCR7 via ACT-1004-1239 could block tumorigenesis in gastric cancer. Molecular studies revealed that the activation of CXCR7 could dephosphorylate YAP and facilitate YAP nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activation in gastric cancer. CXCR7 functions via G-protein Gαq/11 and Rho GTPase to activate YAP activity. Interestingly, ChIP assays showed that YAP could bind to the promoter region of CXCR7 and facilitate its gene transcription, which indicates that CXCR7 is both the upstream signalling and downstream target of the Hippo/YAP axis in gastric cancer. CONCLUSION In general, we identified a novel positive feedback loop between CXCR7 and the Hippo/YAP axis, and blockade of CXCR7 could be a plausible strategy for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Dehai Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Ting Zhuang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Migration and Invasion Precision Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, P. R. China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Migration and Invasion Precision Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Huijie Yang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Migration and Invasion Precision Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Yifeng Zang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Ziping Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Penghe Yang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Migration and Invasion Precision Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Chenmiao Zhang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Migration and Invasion Precision Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Jiayao Cui
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Migration and Invasion Precision Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Mingxi Fu
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Migration and Invasion Precision Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Shuqing Zhang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Migration and Invasion Precision Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Peng Su
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China.
| | - Zhongbo Li
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Migration and Invasion Precision Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, P. R. China.
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Yinlu Ding
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China.
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Dave BP, Shah YB, Maheshwari KG, Mansuri KA, Prajapati BS, Postwala HI, Chorawala MR. Pathophysiological Aspects and Therapeutic Armamentarium of Alzheimer's Disease: Recent Trends and Future Development. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3847-3884. [PMID: 37725199 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01408-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the primary cause of dementia and is characterized by the death of brain cells due to the accumulation of insoluble amyloid plaques, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles within the cells. AD is also associated with other pathologies such as neuroinflammation, dysfunction of synaptic connections and circuits, disorders in mitochondrial function and energy production, epigenetic changes, and abnormalities in the vascular system. Despite extensive research conducted over the last hundred years, little is established about what causes AD or how to effectively treat it. Given the severity of the disease and the increasing number of affected individuals, there is a critical need to discover effective medications for AD. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved several new drug molecules for AD management since 2003, but these drugs only provide temporary relief of symptoms and do not address the underlying causes of the disease. Currently, available medications focus on correcting the neurotransmitter disruption observed in AD, including cholinesterase inhibitors and an antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, which temporarily alleviates the signs of dementia but does not prevent or reverse the course of AD. Research towards disease-modifying AD treatments is currently underway, including gene therapy, lipid nanoparticles, and dendrimer-based therapy. These innovative approaches aim to target the underlying pathological processes of AD rather than just managing the symptoms. This review discusses the novel aspects of pathogenesis involved in the causation of AD of AD and in recent developments in the therapeutic armamentarium for the treatment of AD such as gene therapy, lipid nanoparticles, and dendrimer-based therapy, and many more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavarth P Dave
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Yesha B Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Kunal G Maheshwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Kaif A Mansuri
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Bhadrawati S Prajapati
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Humzah I Postwala
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Mehul R Chorawala
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India.
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Chen Y, Zhang Y, Lin W, Tang Y, Chen L, Gao Y, Gao G, Luo X, Chen A, Lin C. Role of magnesium-L-Threonate in alleviating skin/muscle incision and retraction induced mechanical allodynia and anxiodepressive-like behaviors in male rats. Brain Res 2023; 1817:148476. [PMID: 37406874 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) and its emotional comorbidities poses health burden to patients who have received the surgical treatment. However, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Emerging studies indicate that magnesium deficiency is associated with neurological diseases, and magnesium supplement confers protection under these disease conditions. In this study, we examined the role and mechanism of magnesium deficiency in the pathology of surgery-induced allodynia and negative emotion using a rat model of skin/muscle incision and retraction (SMIR) and investigated the therapeutic effects of magnesium supplementation by oral magnesium-L-Threonate (L-TAMS) in SMIR-injured rats. In the SMIR model, rats developed mechanical allodynia and anxiodepressive-like behaviors. Further, SMIR caused microglia and astrocyte activation and enhanced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Importantly, magnesium ion (Mg2+) levels decreased in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of SMIR-injured rats, which exhibited high correlation with pain and emotion behavioral phenotypes in these rats. Repeated oral administration of L-TAMS increased serum and CSF levels of Mg2+ in SMIR-injured rats. Notably, L-TAMS administration reversed SMIR-induced mechanical allodynia and anxiodepressive-like behaviors but did not affect pain and emotional behaviors in sham rats. Moreover, L-TAMS administration suppressed SMIR-caused glial activation and proinflammatory cytokine expression in the ACC but had no such effect in sham rats. Together, our study demonstrates the contributing role of magnesium deficiency in the pathology of surgery-induced chronic pain and negative emotion. Moreover, we suggest that L-TAMS might be a novel approach to treat CPSP and its emotional comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Yimeng Zhang
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, China; Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Guangcheng Gao
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, China.
| | - Aiqin Chen
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, China.
| | - Chun Lin
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, China; Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, China.
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Cheng Y, Lin D, Wu S, Liu Q, Yan X, Ren T, Zhang J, Wang N. Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure Reduction Induces Glia-Mediated Retinal Inflammation and Leads to Retinal Ganglion Cell Injury in Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:5770-5788. [PMID: 37347366 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03430-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Low intracranial pressure (LICP)-induced translaminar cribrosa pressure difference (TLCPD) elevation has been proven as a risk factor in glaucomatous neurodegeneration, whereas the underlying retinal immune features of LICP-induced retinal ganglion cells (RGC) injury remain elusive. Here, we identified the retinal immune characteristics of LICP rats, and minocycline (Mino) treatment was utilized to analyze its inhibitory role in glia-mediated retinal inflammation of LICP rats. The results showed that retrograde axonal transport was decreased in LICP rats without significant RGC loss, indicating the RGC injury was at an early stage before the morphological loss. The activation of retinal microglia and astrocytes with morphologic and M1 or A1-marker alternations was detected in TLCPD elevation rats, the activation level is more dramatic in HIOP rats than in the LICP rats (P<0.05). Besides, we detected reduced retinal tight junction protein expressions, accompanied by specific imbalance patterns of T lymphocytes in the retina of both LICP and HIOP rats (P<0.05). Further Mino treatment showed an effective inhibitory role in glia-driven inflammatory responses in LICP rats, including improving retrograde axonal transport, inhibiting retinal glial activation and proinflammatory subtype polarization, and alleviating the blood-retina barrier compromise. This study identified the glia-mediated retinal inflammation features triggered by LICP stimulus, and Mino application exhibited an effective role in the inhibition of retinal glia-mediated inflammation in LICP-induced TLCPD elevation rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cheng
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Danting Lin
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Shen Wu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xuejing Yan
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Tianmin Ren
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jingxue Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China.
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical Application, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Ningli Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China.
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical Application, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Zhang J, Xiao Y, Liu H, Xu L, Guo X, Gao Y, Li M, Xu J, Qi Q, Lv P. Edaravone Dexborneol Alleviates Neuroinflammation by Reducing Neuroglial Cell Proliferation and Suppresses Neuronal Apoptosis/Autophagy in Vascular Dementia Rats. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:3113-3128. [PMID: 37338792 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03973-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
More and more evidence shows that the pathological mechanism of vascular dementia (VD) is closely related to oxidative stress injury, cell apoptosis, autophagy, inflammatory response, excitatory amino acid toxicity, synaptic plasticity change, calcium overload, and other processes. Edaravone dexborneol (EDB) is a new type of neuroprotective agent that can improve the neurological damage caused by an ischemic stroke. Previous studies showed that EDB has effects on synergistic antioxidants and induces anti-apoptotic responses. However, it remains unclear whether EDB can affect apoptosis and autophagy by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and its impact on the neuroglial cells. In this study, we established the VD model of rats by bilateral carotid artery occlusion to explore the neuroprotective effect of EDB and its mechanism. Morris Water Maze test was applied to assess the cognitive function of rats. H&E and TUNEL staining were applied to observe the cellular structure of the hippocampus. Immunofluorescence labeling was used to observe the proliferation of astrocytes and microglia. ELISA was applied to examine the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, and RT-PCR was applied to examine their mRNA expression levels. Western blotting was applied to examine apoptosis-related proteins (Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3), autophagy-related proteins (Beclin-1, P62, LC3B), PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway proteins and their phosphorylation levels. The results indicated that EDB ameliorates learning and memory in rats subjected to the VD model, alleviates neuroinflammatory response by reducing the proliferation of the neuroglial cell and inhibits apoptosis and autophagy, which may be mediated by the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yining Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Networks and Cognitive Disorders, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Hongna Liu
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Lili Xu
- Graduate School of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - Xing Guo
- Department of Neurology, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Yaran Gao
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Meixi Li
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Networks and Cognitive Disorders, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Networks and Cognitive Disorders, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Qianqian Qi
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Peiyuan Lv
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China.
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Networks and Cognitive Disorders, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China.
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Yao ZM, Sun XR, Huang J, Chen L, Dong SY. Astrocyte-Neuronal Communication and Its Role in Stroke. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:2996-3006. [PMID: 37329448 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03966-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system. These cells are an important hub for intercellular communication. They participate in various pathophysiological processes, including synaptogenesis, metabolic transformation, scar production, and blood-brain barrier repair. The mechanisms and functional consequences of astrocyte-neuron signaling are more complex than previously thought. Stroke is a disease associated with neurons in which astrocytes also play an important role. Astrocytes respond to the alterations in the brain microenvironment after stroke, providing required substances to neurons. However, they can also have harmful effects. In this review, we have summarized the function of astrocytes, their association with neurons, and two paradigms of the inflammatory response, which suggest that targeting astrocytes may be an effective strategy for treating stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Meng Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Shu-Ying Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China.
- Bengbu Medical College Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Bengbu, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu, Anhui, China.
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Li T, Yue Y, Ma Y, Zhong Z, Guo M, Zhang J, Wang Z, Miao C. Fasting-mimicking diet alleviates inflammatory pain by inhibiting neutrophil extracellular traps formation and neuroinflammation in the spinal cord. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:250. [PMID: 37735678 PMCID: PMC10512659 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01258-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) promote neuroinflammation and, thus, central nervous system (CNS) disease progression. However, it remains unclear whether CNS-associated NETs affect pain outcomes. A fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) alleviates neurological disorders by attenuating neuroinflammation and promoting nerve regeneration. Hence, in this study, we explore the role of NETs in the CNS during acute pain and investigate the role of FMD in inhibiting NETs and relieving pain. METHODS The inflammatory pain model was established by injecting complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the hind paw of mice. The FMD diet regimen was performed during the perioperative period. PAD4 siRNA or CI-amidine (PAD4 inhibitor) was used to inhibit the formation of NETs. Monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) knockdown occurred by AAV-GFAP-shRNA or AAV-hSyn-shRNA or was inhibited by selegiline (an MAO-B inhibitor). The changes in NETs, neuroinflammation, and related signaling pathways were examined by western blot, immunofluorescence, ELISA, and flow cytometry. RESULTS In the acute phase of inflammatory pain, NETs accumulate in the spinal cords of mice. This is associated with exacerbated neuroinflammation. Meanwhile, inhibition of NETs formation alleviates allodynia and neuroinflammation in CFA mice. FMD inhibits NETs production and alleviates inflammatory pain, which is enhanced by treatment with the NETs inhibitor CI-amidine, and reversed by treatment with the NETs inducer phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Mechanistically, the neutrophil-recruiting pathway MAO-B/5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) / G-protein-coupled receptor 35 (GPR35) and NETs-inducing pathway MAO-B/ Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are significantly upregulated during the development of inflammatory pain. MAO-B is largely expressed in astrocytes and neurons in the spinal cords of CFA mice. However, knockdown or inhibition of MAO-B effectively attenuates CFA-induced inflammatory pain, NETs formation, and neuroinflammation in the spinal cord. Moreover, within rescue experiments, MAO-B inhibitors synergistically enhance FMD-induced pain relief, NETs inhibition, and neuroinflammation attenuation, whereas supplementation with MAO-B downstream molecules (i.e., 5-HIAA and PMA) abolished this effect. CONCLUSIONS Neutrophil-released NETs in the spinal cord contribute to pain development. FMD inhibits NETs formation and NETs-induced neuroinflammation by inhibiting the MAO-B/5-HIAA/GPR35 and MAO-B/ROS pathways in astrocytes and neurons, thereby relieving pain progression. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Yue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziwen Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaomiao Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Changhong Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
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Fiore NT, Keating BA, Chen Y, Williams SI, Moalem-Taylor G. Differential Effects of Regulatory T Cells in the Meninges and Spinal Cord of Male and Female Mice with Neuropathic Pain. Cells 2023; 12:2317. [PMID: 37759539 PMCID: PMC10527659 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune cells play a critical role in promoting neuroinflammation and the development of neuropathic pain. However, some subsets of immune cells are essential for pain resolution. Among them are regulatory T cells (Tregs), a specialised subpopulation of T cells that limit excessive immune responses and preserve immune homeostasis. In this study, we utilised intrathecal adoptive transfer of activated Tregs in male and female mice after peripheral nerve injury to investigate Treg migration and whether Treg-mediated suppression of pain behaviours is associated with changes in peripheral immune cell populations in lymphoid and meningeal tissues and spinal microglial and astrocyte reactivity and phenotypes. Treatment with Tregs suppressed mechanical pain hypersensitivity and improved changes in exploratory behaviours after chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve in both male and female mice. The injected Treg cells were detected in the choroid plexus and the pia mater and in peripheral lymphoid organs in both male and female recipient mice. Nonetheless, Treg treatment resulted in differential changes in meningeal and lymph node immune cell profiles in male and female mice. Moreover, in male mice, adoptive transfer of Tregs ameliorated the CCI-induced increase in microglia reactivity and inflammatory phenotypic shift, increasing M2-like phenotypic markers and attenuating astrocyte reactivity and neurotoxic astrocytes. Contrastingly, in CCI female mice, Treg injection increased astrocyte reactivity and neuroprotective astrocytes. These findings show that the adoptive transfer of Tregs modulates meningeal and peripheral immunity, as well as spinal glial populations, and alleviates neuropathic pain, potentially through different mechanisms in males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gila Moalem-Taylor
- Translational Neuroscience Facility, Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (N.T.F.); (B.A.K.); (Y.C.); (S.I.W.)
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Lu W, Wen J. H 2S-RhoA/ROCK Pathway and Glial Cells in Axonal Remyelination After Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:5493-5504. [PMID: 37322287 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03422-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the main reasons of disability and death. Stroke-induced functional deficits are mainly due to the secondary degeneration of the white matter characterized by axonal demyelination and injury of axon-glial integrity. Enhancement of the axonal regeneration and remyelination could promote the neural functional recovery. However, cerebral ischemia-induced activation of RhoA/Rho kinase (ROCK) pathway plays a crucial and harmful role in the process of axonal recovery and regeneration. Inhibition of this pathway could promote the axonal regeneration and remyelination. In addition, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has the significant neuroprotective role during the recovery of ischemic stroke via inhibiting the inflammatory response and oxidative stress, regulating astrocyte function, promoting the differentiation of endogenous oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) to mature oligodendrocyte. Among all of these effects, promoting the formation of mature oligodendrocyte is a crucial part of axonal regeneration and remyelination. Furthermore, numerous studies have uncovered the crosstalk between astrocytes and oligodendrocyte, microglial cells and oligodendrocyte in the axonal remyelination following ischemic stroke. The purpose of this review was to discuss the relationship among H2S, RhoA/ROCK pathway, astrocytes, and microglial cells in the axonal remyelination following ischemic stroke to reveal new strategies for preventing and treating this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhuo Lu
- Medical Branch, Hefei Technology College, Hefei, China
| | - Jiyue Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Fu X, Zhang Y, Zhang R. Regulatory role of PI3K/Akt/WNK1 signal pathway in mouse model of bone cancer pain. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14321. [PMID: 37652923 PMCID: PMC10471765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40182-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the advanced stage of cancer, the pain caused by bone metastasis is unbearable, but the mechanism of bone cancer pain (BCP) is very complicated and remains unclear. In this study, we used 4T1 mouse breast cancer cells to establish a bone cancer pain model to study the mechanism of BCP. Then the paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT) and the hematoxylin-eosin staining were used to reflect the erosion of cancer cells on tibia tissue. We also determined the role of proinflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-17, etc.) in BCP by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in mouse serum. When GSK690693, a new Akt inhibitor, was given and the absence of intermediate signal dominated by Akt is found, pain may be relieved by blocking the transmission of pain signal and raising the PWMT. In addition, we also found that GSK690693 inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt protein, resulting in a significant decrease in with-nolysinekinases 1 (WNK1) expression in the spinal cord tissue. In the BCP model, we confirmed that GSK690693 has a relieving effect on BCP, which may play an analgesic effect through PI3K-WNK1 signal pathway. At the same time, there is a close relationship between inflammatory factors and PI3K-WNK1 signal pathway. The PI3K/Akt pathway in the dorsal horn of the mouse spinal cord activates the downstream WNK1 protein, which promotes the release of inflammatory cytokines, which leads to the formation of BCP in mice. Inhibition of Akt can reduce the levels of IL-17 and TNF-α, cut off the downstream WNK1 protein signal receiving pathway, increase the PWMT and relieve BCP in mice. To clarify the analgesic target of BCP, to provide reference and theoretical support for the clinical effective treatment of BCP and the development of new high-efficiency analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, 318000, China
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital Inner Mongolia Hospital/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010020, China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital Inner Mongolia Hospital/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010020, China
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Dong G, Li H, Gao H, Chen Y, Yang H. Global Trends and Hotspots on Microglia Associated with Pain from 2002 to 2022: A Bibliometric Analysis. J Pain Res 2023; 16:2817-2834. [PMID: 37600079 PMCID: PMC10439805 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s413028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Researchers have made significant progress in microglia associated with pain in recent years. However, more relevant bibliometric analyses are still needed on trends and directions in this field. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive perspective and to predict future directions of pain-related microglia research via bibliometric tools. Methods English articles and reviews related with pain and microglia were extracted from the Web of Science core collection (WosCC) database between 2002 to 2022. Bibliometric tools such as VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Bibliometrix R package were used to analyze publication characteristics, countries, authors, institutions, journals, research hotspots, and trend topics. Results A total of 2761 articles were included in this analysis. Research on microglia associated with pain has increased significantly over the last two decades. China (n = 1020, 36.94%) and the United States (n = 751, 27.20%) contributed the most in terms of publications and citations, respectively. Kyushu University published the most articles in this field compared to other institutions, and Professor Inoue Kazuhide (n = 54) at this university made outstanding contributions in this field. Molecular Pain (n = 113) was the journal with the most publication, while Journal of Neuroscience had the highest number of citations. According to the authors keywords analysis, the research in this area can be summarized into 7 clusters such as "microglia activation pathways", "pain treatment research", "mental symptoms of chronic pain", and so on. Conclusion This study provides a comprehensive analysis of pain-related microglia research in the past two decades. We identified the countries, institutions, scholars, and journals with the highest number of publications and the most influence in the field, and the research trends identified in this paper may provide new insights for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqi Dong
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Gao
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingqi Chen
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huayuan Yang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
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Shi H, Chen M, Zheng C, Yinglin B, Zhu B. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Alleviated Paclitaxel-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy by Interfering with Astrocytes and TLR4/p38MAPK Pathway in Rats. J Pain Res 2023; 16:2419-2432. [PMID: 37483406 PMCID: PMC10361291 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s415642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) constitutes a refractory and progressive adverse consequence of paclitaxel treatment, causing pain and sensory anomalies in cancer survivors. Although the gut-brain axis is involved in multiple disorders including cancer, its impact on peripheral pain conditions remains elusive. Thus, we assessed the importance of gut microbiota and related mechanisms in PIPN. Methods By implementing fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in a rat PIPN model (ie, rats treated with paclitaxel; hereafter as PIPN rats), we explored the effect of gut microbiota on PIPN rats using multiple methods, including different behavioral tests, 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing, and biochemical techniques. Results Sequencing of 16S rDNA revealed that the abundance of genera Bacteroides and UCG-005 increased, while that of genera Turicibacter, Clostridium sensu stricto 1 and Corynebacterium decreased in the PIPN rats. However, when treated with FMT using fecal from normal rats, the mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in PIPN rats were significantly alleviated. In addition, FMT treatment reduced the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38MAPK), and the astrocytic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein in the colon and spinal dorsal horn. TAK242 (a TLR4 inhibitor) significantly alleviated the behavioral hypersensitivity of PIPN rats and inhibited the TLR4/p38MAPK pathway in astrocytes in these rats. Conclusion The gut microbiota played a critical role in PIPN. Future therapies treating PIPN should consider microbe-based treatment as an option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minmin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hangzhou Women’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caihong Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hangzhou Women’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bian Yinglin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hangzhou Women’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hangzhou Women’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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McCoy HM, Polcyn R, Banik NL, Haque A. Regulation of enolase activation to promote neural protection and regeneration in spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:1457-1462. [PMID: 36571342 PMCID: PMC10075133 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.361539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating condition characterized by damage to the spinal cord resulting in loss of function, mobility, and sensation with no U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved cure. Enolase, a multifunctional glycolytic enzyme upregulated after SCI, promotes pro- and anti-inflammatory events and regulates functional recovery in SCI. Enolase is normally expressed in the cytosol, but the expression is upregulated at the cell surface following cellular injury, promoting glial cell activation and signal transduction pathway activation. SCI-induced microglia activation triggers pro-inflammatory mediators at the injury site, activating other immune cells and metabolic events, i.e., Rho-associated kinase, contributing to the neuroinflammation found in SCI. Enolase surface expression also activates cathepsin X, resulting in cleavage of the C-terminal end of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and non-neuronal enolase (NNE). Fully functional enolase is necessary as NSE/NNE C-terminal proteins activate many neurotrophic processes, i.e., the plasminogen activation system, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/protein kinase B, and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Studies here suggest an enolase inhibitor, ENOblock, attenuates the activation of Rho-associated kinase, which may decrease glial cell activation and promote functional recovery following SCI. Also, ENOblock inhibits cathepsin X, which may help prevent the cleavage of the neurotrophic C-terminal protein allowing full plasminogen activation and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase activity. The combined NSE/cathepsin X inhibition may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing neuroinflammation/degeneration and promoting neural cell regeneration and recovery following SCI. The role of cell membrane-expressed enolase and associated metabolic events should be investigated to determine if the same strategies can be applied to other neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, this review discusses the importance of enolase activation and inhibition as a potential therapeutic target following SCI to promote neuronal survival and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M. McCoy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Rachel Polcyn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Naren L. Banik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Azizul Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
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Meyer C, Rao NS, Vasanthi SS, Pereira B, Gage M, Putra M, Holtkamp C, Huss J, Thippeswamy T. Peripheral and central effects of NADPH oxidase inhibitor, mitoapocynin, in a rat model of diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) toxicity. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1195843. [PMID: 37416507 PMCID: PMC10320212 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1195843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Organophosphates (OP) are highly toxic chemical nerve agents that have been used in chemical warfare. Currently, there are no effective medical countermeasures (MCMs) that mitigate the chronic effects of OP exposure. Oxidative stress is a key mechanism underlying OP-induced cell death and inflammation in the peripheral and central nervous systems and is not mitigated by the available MCMs. NADPH oxidase (NOX) is one of the leading producers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) following status epilepticus (SE). In this study, we tested the efficacy of the mitochondrial-targeted NOX inhibitor, mitoapocynin (MPO) (10 mg/kg, oral), in a rat diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) model of OP toxicity. In DFP-exposed animals, MPO decreased oxidative stress markers nitrite, ROS, and GSSG in the serum. Additionally, MPO significantly reduced proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α post-DFP exposure. There was a significant increase in GP91phox, a NOX2 subunit, in the brains of DFP-exposed animals 1-week post-challenge. However, MPO treatment did not affect NOX2 expression in the brain. Neurodegeneration (NeuN and FJB) and gliosis [microglia (IBA1 and CD68), and astroglia (GFAP and C3)] quantification revealed a significant increase in neurodegeneration and gliosis after DFP-exposure. A marginal reduction in microglial cells and C3 colocalization with GFAP in DFP + MPO was observed. The MPO dosing regimen used in this study at 10 mg/kg did not affect microglial CD68 expression, astroglial count, or neurodegeneration. MPO reduced DFP-induced oxidative stress and inflammation markers in the serum but only marginally mitigated the effects in the brain. Dose optimization studies are required to determine the effective dose of MPO to mitigate DFP-induced changes in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thimmasettappa Thippeswamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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Pang QM, Zhang Q, Wu XC, Yang RL, Fu SP, Fan ZH, Liu J, Yu LM, Peng JC, Zhang T. Mechanism of M2 macrophages modulating astrocyte polarization through the TGF-β/PI3K/Akt pathway. Immunol Lett 2023; 259:1-8. [PMID: 37244460 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that activated astrocytes (AS) are divided into two distinct types, termed A1 and A2. A2 astrocytes are neuroprotective and promote tissue repair and regeneration following spinal cord injury. Whereas, the specific mechanism for the formation of the A2 phenotype remains unclear. This study focused on the PI3K/Akt pathway and examined whether TGF-β secreted by M2 macrophages could mediate A2 polarization by activating this pathway. In this study, we revealed that both M2 macrophages and their conditioned medium (M2-CM) could facilitate the secretion of IL-10, IL-13 and TGF-β from AS, and this effect was significantly reversed after the administration of SB431542 (a TGF-β receptor inhibitor) or LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor). Moreover, immunofluorescence results demonstrated that TGF-β secreted by M2 macrophages could facilitate the expression of A2 biomarker S100A10 in AS; combined with the results of western blot, it was found that this effect was closely related to the activation of PI3K/Akt pathway in AS. In conclusion, TGF-β secreted by M2 macrophages may induce the conversion of AS to the A2 phenotype through the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Ming Pang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China; Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiang-Chong Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Rui-Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Sheng-Ping Fu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhen-Hai Fan
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Li-Mei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jia-Chen Peng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
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Lemaitre P, Tareen SHK, Pasciuto E, Mascali L, Martirosyan A, Callaerts‐Vegh Z, Poovathingal S, Dooley J, Holt MG, Yshii L, Liston A. Molecular and cognitive signatures of ageing partially restored through synthetic delivery of IL2 to the brain. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e16805. [PMID: 36975362 PMCID: PMC10165365 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline is a common pathological outcome during aging, with an ill-defined molecular and cellular basis. In recent years, the concept of inflammaging, defined as a low-grade inflammation increasing with age, has emerged. Infiltrating T cells accumulate in the brain with age and may contribute to the amplification of inflammatory cascades and disruptions to the neurogenic niche observed with age. Recently, a small resident population of regulatory T cells has been identified in the brain, and the capacity of IL2-mediated expansion of this population to counter neuroinflammatory disease has been demonstrated. Here, we test a brain-specific IL2 delivery system for the prevention of neurological decline in aging mice. We identify the molecular hallmarks of aging in the brain glial compartments and identify partial restoration of this signature through IL2 treatment. At a behavioral level, brain IL2 delivery prevented the age-induced defect in spatial learning, without improving the general decline in motor skill or arousal. These results identify immune modulation as a potential path to preserving cognitive function for healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Lemaitre
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease ResearchLeuvenBelgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and TransplantationKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | | | - Emanuela Pasciuto
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease ResearchLeuvenBelgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and TransplantationKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Loriana Mascali
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease ResearchLeuvenBelgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and TransplantationKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Araks Martirosyan
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease ResearchLeuvenBelgium
- Department of NeurosciencesKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | | | | | - James Dooley
- Immunology ProgrammeThe Babraham InstituteBabrahamUK
- Department of PathologyThe University of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Matthew G Holt
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease ResearchLeuvenBelgium
- Department of NeurosciencesKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Instituto de Investigaçāo e Inovaçāo em Saúde (i3S)University of PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Lidia Yshii
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease ResearchLeuvenBelgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and TransplantationKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Department of NeurosciencesKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Adrian Liston
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease ResearchLeuvenBelgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and TransplantationKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Immunology ProgrammeThe Babraham InstituteBabrahamUK
- Department of PathologyThe University of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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Li L, Mou Y, Zhai Q, Yan C, Zhang X, Du M, Li Y, Wang Q, Xiao Z. PirB negatively regulates the inflammatory activation of astrocytes in a mouse model of sleep deprivation. Neuropharmacology 2023; 235:109571. [PMID: 37146940 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive astrocytes play a potential regulatory role in sleep deprivation (SD). Paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PirB) is expressed in reactive astrocytes, suggesting that PirB may participate in regulating the inflammatory response of astrocytes. We used lentiviral and adeno-associated viral approaches to interfere with the expression of PirB in vivo and in vitro. C57BL/6 mice were sleep deprived for 7 days and neurological function was measured via behavioral tests. We found that overexpressed PirB in SD mice could decrease the number of neurotoxic reactive astrocytes, alleviate cognitive deficits, and promote reactive astrocytes tended to be neuroprotective state. IL-1α, TNFα, and C1q were used to induce neurotoxic reactive astrocytes in vitro. Overexpression of PirB relieved the toxicity of neurotoxic astrocytes. Silencing PirB expression had the opposite effect and exacerbated the transition of reactive astrocytes to a neurotoxic state in vitro. Moreover, PirB-impaired astrocytes demonstrated STAT3 hyperphosphorylation which could be reversed by stattic (p-STAT3 inhibitor). Furthermore, Golgi-Cox staining confirmed that dendrite morphology defects and synapse-related protein were significantly increased in PirB-overexpressed SD mice. Our data demonstrated that SD induced neurotoxic reactive astrocytes and contributed to neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits. PirB performs a negative regulatory role in neurotoxic reactive astrocytes via the STAT3 signaling pathway in SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China
| | - Yan Mou
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Zhai
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chaoying Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengyu Du
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yansong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zhaoyang Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China.
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Li Y, Shi W, Dai J, Jia Q, Guo G, Zhang Y, Zhang W. Upregulated TNF-α and lactate following ERK-SGK1 activation in the spinal dorsal horn underlies chronic postsurgical pain. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2023; 66:144-152. [PMID: 37322625 DOI: 10.4103/cjop.cjop-d-22-00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin/muscle incision and retraction (SMIR) during surgeries can lead to chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP). The underlying mechanisms are still unclear. In the present study, we showed that SMIR of the thigh induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), followed by serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase-1 (SGK1) activation in the spinal dorsal horn. Intrathecal injection of PD98059, an ERK inhibitor, or GSK650394, a SGK1 inhibitor, significantly attenuated mechanical pain hypersensitivity in SMIR rats. The level of tumor necrosis factor α and lactate in spinal cord was significantly decreased by PD98059 or GSK650394 injection. Furthermore, PD98059 decreased the activation of SGK1 in the spinal dorsal horn. These results indicate that ERK-SGK1 activation followed by proinflammatory mediator release in the spinal dorsal horn underlies CPSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Li
- School of Medical Technology and Nursing, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjuan Shi
- Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Juanli Dai
- Department of Neurology, Xiehe Shenzhen Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Jia
- School of Medical Technology and Nursing, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Gang Guo
- School of Medical Technology and Nursing, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Weihong Zhang
- School of Medical Technology and Nursing, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Frankle L, Riley A, Tomor R, Lee H, Jarzembak K, Benedict O, Sternbach S, Shelestak J, McDonough J, Clements R. Changes to Astrocyte-associated Protein Expression at Different Timepoints of Cuprizone Treatment. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.20.537627. [PMID: 37131767 PMCID: PMC10153238 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.20.537627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Glial cells, including astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes, are brain cells that support and dynamically interact with neurons and each other. These intercellular dynamics undergo changes during stress and disease states. In response to most forms of stress, astrocytes will undergo some variation of activation, meaning upregulation in certain proteins expressed and secreted and either upregulations or downregulations to various constitutive and normal functions. While types of activation are many and contingent on the particular disturbance that triggers these changes, there are two main overarching categories that have been delineated thus far: A1 and A2. Named in the convention of microglial activation subtypes, and with the acknowledgement that the types are not completely distinct or completely comprehensive, the A1 subtype is generically associated with toxic and pro-inflammatory factors, and the A2 phenotype is broadly associated with anti-inflammatory and neurogenic factors. The present study served to measure and document dynamic changes in these subtypes at multiple timepoints using an established experimental model of cuprizone toxic demyelination. The authors found increases in proteins associated with both cell types at different timepoints, with protein increases in the A1 marker C3d and the A2 marker Emp1 in the cortex at one week and protein increases in Emp1 in the corpus callosum at three days and four weeks. There were also increases in Emp1 staining specifically colocalized with astrocyte staining in the corpus callosum at the same timepoints as the protein increases, and in the cortex weeks later at four weeks. C3d colocalization with astrocytes also increased most at four weeks. This indicates simultaneous increases of both types of activation as well as the likely existence of astrocytes expressing both markers. The authors also found the increase in two A1 associated proteins (TNF alpha and C3d) did not show a linear relationship in line with findings from other research and indicating a more complex relationship between cuprizone toxicity and astrocyte activation. The increases in TNF alpha and IFN gamma did not occur at timepoints preceding increases in C3d and Emp1, showing that other factors also precipitate the subtypes associated (A1 for C3d and A2 for Emp1). These findings add to the body of research showing the specific early timepoints at which A1 and A2 markers are most increased during the course of cuprizone treatment, including the fact that these increases can be non-linear in the case of Emp1. This provides additional information on optimal times for targeted interventions during the cuprizone model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Frankle
- Kent State University Biological Sciences Department
| | - Amanda Riley
- Kent State University Biological Sciences Department
| | - Riely Tomor
- Kent State University Biological Sciences Department
| | - Hannah Lee
- Kent State University Biological Sciences Department
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50
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Zhao Q, Yao J, Meng B, Shen S, Cao S. Role of the blood-spinal cord barrier: An adheren junction regulation mechanism that promotes chronic postsurgical pain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 660:65-72. [PMID: 37068390 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) is a serious postoperative complication with high incidence, and its pathogenesis involves neuroimmune interactions and the breakdown of the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB), the decreased level of adheren junction (AJ)-related proteins is an important cause of BSCB injury. Vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin) and p120 catenin (p120) constitute the endothelial barrier adheren junction. The Src/p120/VE-cadherin pathway is involved in the regulation of the endothelial barrier function. However, the role of the BSCB-AJ regulatory mechanism in CPSP has not been reported. In this study, we established a skin/muscle incision and retraction (SMIR) model and evaluated the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT), the effects of an Src inhibitor and p120 knockdown on p-Src, p120 and VE-cadherin expression, as well as BSCB-AJ function in rat spinal cord were observed to explore the regulation of BSCB-AJ function by the p-Src/p120/VE-cadherin pathway in promoting SMIR-induced CPSP. The levels of p-Src, p120 and VE-cadherin in the spinal cord were detected by Western blot. Meanwhile, BSCB permeability test was used to detect the changes in BCSB function. Finally, the spatial and temporal localization of p120 in spinal cord was detected by immunofluorescence. Our findings indicated that p-Src/p120/VE-cadherin could induce BSCB-AJ dysfunction and promote the development of CPSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihong Zhao
- Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Ju Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Bei Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Shiren Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Su Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China.
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