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Guzmán-Ruíz MA, Guerrero Vargas NN, Ramírez-Carreto RJ, González-Orozco JC, Torres-Hernández BA, Valle-Rodríguez M, Guevara-Guzmán R, Chavarría A. Microglia in physiological conditions and the importance of understanding their homeostatic functions in the arcuate nucleus. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1392077. [PMID: 39295865 PMCID: PMC11408222 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1392077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia are highly dynamic cells that have been mainly studied under pathological conditions. The present review discusses the possible implication of microglia as modulators of neuronal electrical responses in physiological conditions and hypothesizes how these cells might modulate hypothalamic circuits in health and during obesity. Microglial cells studied under physiological conditions are highly diverse, depending on the developmental stage and brain region. The evidence also suggests that neuronal electrical activity modulates microglial motility to control neuronal excitability. Additionally, we show that the expression of genes associated with neuron-microglia interaction is down-regulated in obese mice compared to control-fed mice, suggesting an alteration in the contact-dependent mechanisms that sustain hypothalamic arcuate-median eminence neuronal function. We also discuss the possible implication of microglial-derived signals for the excitability of hypothalamic neurons during homeostasis and obesity. This review emphasizes the importance of studying the physiological interplay between microglia and neurons to maintain proper neuronal circuit function. It aims to elucidate how disruptions in the normal activities of microglia can adversely affect neuronal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara A Guzmán-Ruíz
- Programa de Becas Post-doctorales, Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Natalí N Guerrero Vargas
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Jair Ramírez-Carreto
- Unidad de Medicina Experimental "Ruy Pérez Tamayo", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Michelle Valle-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosalinda Guevara-Guzmán
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Anahí Chavarría
- Unidad de Medicina Experimental "Ruy Pérez Tamayo", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Chen Y, Zhang S, Ye L, Chen H, Ma P, Wu D. High-intensity interval training improves hypothalamic inflammation by suppressing HIF-1α signaling in microglia of male C57BL/6J mice. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23770. [PMID: 38995817 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400289r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Repeated bouts of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) induce an improvement in metabolism via plasticity of melanocortin circuits and attenuated hypothalamic inflammation. HIF-1α, which plays a vital role in hypothalamus-mediated regulation of peripheral metabolism, is enhanced in the hypothalamus by HIIT. This study aimed to investigate the effects of HIIT on hypothalamic HIF-1α expression and peripheral metabolism in obese mice and the underlying molecular mechanisms. By using a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity mouse model, we determined the effect of HIIT on energy balance and the expression of the hypothalamic appetite-regulating neuropeptides, POMC and NPY. Moreover, hypothalamic HIF-1α signaling and its downstream glycolytic enzymes were explored after HIIT intervention. The state of microglia and microglial NF-κB signaling in the hypothalamus were also examined in vivo. In vitro by using an adenovirus carrying shRNA-HIF1β, we explored the impact of HIF-1 signaling on glycolysis and NF-κB inflammatory signaling in BV2 cells. Food intake was suppressed and whole-body metabolism was improved in exercised DIO mice, accompanied by changes in the expression of POMC and NPY. Moreover, total and microglial HIF-1α signaling were obviously attenuated in the hypothalamus, consistent with the decreased levels of glycolytic enzymes. Both HFD-induced microglial activation and hypothalamic NF-κB signaling were significantly suppressed following HIIT in vivo. In BV2 cells, after HIF-1 complex knockdown, glycolysis and NF-κB inflammatory signaling were significantly attenuated. The data indicate that HIIT improves peripheral metabolism probably via attenuated HFD-induced microglial activation and microglial NF-κB signaling in the hypothalamus, which could be mediated by suppressed microglial HIF-1α signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Siyan Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liu Ye
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dandong Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Gudra D, Valdovska A, Jonkus D, Kairisa D, Galina D, Ustinova M, Viksne K, Fridmanis D, Kalnina I. Genetic characterization of the Latvian local goat breed and genetic traits associated with somatic cell count. Animal 2024; 18:101154. [PMID: 38703755 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The Latvian local goat (LVK) breed represents the only native domestic goat breed in Latvia, but its limited population places it within the endangered category. However, the LVK breed has not yet undergone a comprehensive genetic characterization. Therefore, we completed whole genome sequencing to reveal the genetic foundation of the LVK breed while identifying genetic traits linked to the somatic cell count (SCC) levels. The study included 40 genomes of LVK goats sequenced to acquire at least 35x or 10x coverage. A Principal component analysis, a genetic distance tree, and an admixture analysis showed LVK's similarity to some European breeds, such as Finnish Landrace, Alpine, and Saanen, which aligns with the breed's history. An analysis of genome-wide heterozygosity, nucleotide diversity, and LD analysis indicated that the LVK population exhibits substantial levels of genetic diversity. LVK genome was dominated by short runs of homozygosity (ROHs, ≤ 500 kb) with a median length of 25 kb. With FROH 2.49%, average inbreeding levels were low; however, FROH ranged broadly from 0.13 to 12.2%. With the exception of one pure-blood breeding buck exhibiting FROH of 9.3% and FSNP of 8.5%, animals with at least 66% LVK ancestry showed moderate or no inbreeding. Overall, this study demonstrated that the LVK goats can be differentiated from imported breeds, although the population has a complex genetic structure. We were able to identify potential genetic traits associated with SCC levels, although the kinship of the animals and the heterogenic substructure of the population might have largely influenced the association analysis. We identified 26 genetic variants associated with SCC levels, which included the potentially relevant SNP rs662053371 in the OSBPL8 gene, indicating a potential signal linked to lipid metabolism in goats. To conclude, these findings present valuable insight into the genetic structure of the LVK breed for the conservation of local genetic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gudra
- Human Genetics and Disease Mechanisms Department, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Rātsupītes iela 1 K-1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - A Valdovska
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Helmana iela 8 K, LV-3004 Jelgava, Latvia; Scientific Laboratory of Biotechnology, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Lielā iela 2, LV-3001 Jelgava, Latvia.
| | - D Jonkus
- Faculty of Agriculture, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Lielā iela 2, LV-3001 Jelgava, Latvia
| | - D Kairisa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Lielā iela 2, LV-3001 Jelgava, Latvia
| | - D Galina
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Helmana iela 8 K, LV-3004 Jelgava, Latvia; Scientific Laboratory of Biotechnology, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Lielā iela 2, LV-3001 Jelgava, Latvia
| | - M Ustinova
- Human Genetics and Disease Mechanisms Department, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Rātsupītes iela 1 K-1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - K Viksne
- Human Genetics and Disease Mechanisms Department, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Rātsupītes iela 1 K-1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - D Fridmanis
- Human Genetics and Disease Mechanisms Department, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Rātsupītes iela 1 K-1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - I Kalnina
- Human Genetics and Disease Mechanisms Department, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Rātsupītes iela 1 K-1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
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Gao J, Rouzi MRY, Zhang H, Cai X, Xu B, Lu J, Lei T. Association of serum CTRP4 levels with vascular endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: CTRP4 ameliorating inflammation, proliferation and migration in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Acta Diabetol 2024; 61:565-575. [PMID: 38286878 PMCID: PMC11055794 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-023-02228-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the correlation between serum C1q/TNF-related protein 4 (CTRP4) level and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and evaluated the biological effects of CTRP4 on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). METHODS A group of 165 patients diagnosed with T2DM were included in this study. Endothelial function was measured with the examination of brachial artery FMD. ELISA kit was used to measure the levels of CTRP4 in serum. HUVECs were stimulated with recombinant CTRP4 protein to assess its biological functions. RESULTS The levels of CTRP4 showed a significant variation among three groups based on FMD tertiles (p = 0.001). What's more, FMD had a significant difference among three CTRP4 tertile groups (p < 0.05) and was negatively related to serum CTRP4 levels (r = -0.270, p < 0.001). In T2DM patients, logistic regression analysis demonstrated that CTRP4 was the primary influence factor of low FMD (p < 0.01). In receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the area under the curve of CTRP4 for predicting low FMD was 0.66 (95%CI 0.58-0.75). When stimulated HUVECs with recombinant CTRP4 protein, we found that CTRP4 could concentration-dependently ameliorate proliferation and migration of HUVECs in wounding healing and transwell assay. This protein could also decrease the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α and promote the release of NO in HUVEC supernatants, with suppression of NF-κB and STAT3 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Serum CTRP4 concentrations were negatively associated with FMD. CTRP4 alleviated proliferation, migration and inflammation in HUVECs through the suppression of NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 164 LanXi Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Mai Re YanMu Rouzi
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinghua Cai
- Shanghai Putuo Center School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bilin Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 164 LanXi Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 164 LanXi Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Tao Lei
- Department of Endocrinology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 164 LanXi Road, Shanghai, 200062, China.
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Chen Q, Sun T, He Q, Yu J, Zhang X, Han L, Ren Y. Study of decreased serum levels of C1q/TNF-related protein 4 (CTRP4) in major depressive disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 172:274-280. [PMID: 38417323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adipokines secreted by adipocytes might play an important role through crossing the blood brain barrier to the brain, which could mediate the common physiological pathway between depression and obesity. CTRP4, a member of the CTRP family, is highly expressed in human adipose tissue and brain tissue. OBJECTIVE this study aimed to measure serum C1q/TNF-related protein 4 (CTRP4) levels in depressive patients to explore the association between CTRP4 levels and depression. METHODS depressive patients (n = 138), healthy controls (n = 100) were enrolled from September 2020 to December 2021. The level of serum CTRP4 was measured by enzymes linked to immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Other biochemical indicators were measured by Advia 2400 automatic biochemistry analyzer. Depressive symptoms of patients were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Scale-24 item (HAMD-24). RESULTS this study found that serum CTRP4 levels in the MDD group were lower than that of the health control (P < 0.001). Serum CTRP4 levels were negatively correlated with HAMD-24 scores (r = -0.368; P = 0.001). The serum CTRP4 levels were negatively correlated with Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG) and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C), but were positively associated with high density lipid-cholesterol (HDL-C) (r = -0.267, r = -0.255, r = -0.312 and r = 0.280; P = 0.017, P = 0.023, P = 0.005 and P = 0.012). The ROC curve of CTRP4 showed that the Area Under Curve (AUC) was 0.856, P < 0.001. CONCLUSION the serum CTRP4 levels in MDD patients were lower than that in health control, which might mediate the physiological progress of MDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Baofeng Road, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Zhangzhidong Road, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Qian He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Baofeng Road, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Baofeng Road, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Xuechao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Baofeng Road, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Lu Han
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuhan Blood Center, Baofeng Road, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Baofeng Road, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Zhang S, Lu Y, Liu Y, Kang Q, Yao Q, Li Y, Chen S, Liu Y, Du J, Xiong Y, Zhu W, Chen D, Zhang X, Tang N, Li Z. Identification of C1q/TNF-related protein 4 as a novel appetite-regulating peptide that reduces food intake in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 289:111574. [PMID: 38191049 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Emerging findings point to a role for C1q/TNF-related protein 4 (CTRP4) in feeding in mammals. However, it remains unknown whether CTRP4 regulates feeding in fish. This study aimed to determine the feeding regulation function of CTRP4 in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). In this study, the Siberian sturgeon ctrp4 (Abctrp4) gene was cloned, and Abctrp4 mRNA was shown to be highly expressed in the hypothalamus. In the hypothalamus, Abctrp4 mRNA decreased during fasting and reversed after refeeding. Subsequently, we obtained the AbCTRP4 recombinant protein by prokaryotic expression and optimized the expression and purification conditions. Siberian sturgeon (81.28 ± 14.75 g) were injected intraperitoneally using 30, 100, and 300 ng/g Body weight (BW) AbCTRP4 to investigate its effect on feeding. The results showed that 30, 100, and 300 ng/g BW of the AbCTRP4 significantly reduced the cumulative food intake of Siberian sturgeon at 1, 3, and 6 h. Finally, to investigate the potential mechanism of CTRP4 feeding inhibition, 300 ng/g BW AbCTRP4 was injected intraperitoneally. The findings demonstrated that AbCTRP4 treatment for 1 h significantly promoted the mRNA levels of anorexigenic peptides (pomc, cart, and leptin) while suppressing the mRNA abundances of orexigenic peptides (npy and agrp).In addition, the jak2/stat3 pathway in the hypothalamus was significantly activated after 1 h of AbCTRP4 treatment. In conclusion., this study confirms the anorexigenic effect of CTRP4 in Siberian sturgeon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shupeng Zhang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yongpei Lu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanling Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Kang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Yao
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yingzi Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuhuang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Youlian Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiayi Du
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yixiao Xiong
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenwen Zhu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ni Tang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhiqiong Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Huang X, Zhao J, Wang Q, Yan T, Gou S, Zhu X, Yang L, Ye F, Zhang J, Wang Y, Yang S, Le W, Xiang Y. Association between plasma CTRPs with cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration of Alzheimer's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14606. [PMID: 38334009 PMCID: PMC10853890 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Recent evidence indicated the biological basis of complement 1q (C1q)/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related protein (CTRP) 3, 4, and 14 for affecting brain structure and cognitive function. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association between plasma CTRPs with Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS A multicenter, cross-sectional study recruited patients with AD (n = 137) and cognitively normal (CN) controls (n = 140). After the data collection of demographic characteristics, lifestyle risk factors, and medical history, plasma levels of tau phosphorylated at threonine 217 (pT217), pT181, neurofilament light (NfL), CTRP3, 4, and 14 were examined and compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to determine associations of plasma CTPRs with the presence of AD. The correlation analysis was used to explore correlations between plasma CTPRs with scores of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale, and Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB), and levels of plasma pT217, pT181, and NfL. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and Delong's test were used to determine the diagnostic power of plasma CTPRs. RESULTS Plasma levels of CTRP3, 4, and 14 were higher in AD group than those in CN group. After adjusting for conventional risk factors, CTRP3, CTRP4, and CTRP14 were associated with the presence of AD. In AD patients, CTRP3 was negatively correlated with scores of MMSE and MoCA, while positively correlated with ADL score, CDR-SB score, pT217, and pT181; CTRP4 was positively correlated with CDR-SB score, pT181, and NfL; CTRP14 was negatively correlated with MMSE score, while positively correlated with CDR-SB score, pT217, and NfL. An independent addition of CTRP3 and 4 to the basic model combining age, sex, years of education, APOE4 status, BMI, TG, and HDL-C led to a significant improvement in diagnostic power for AD, respectively. CONCLUSIONS All the findings preliminarily uncovered associations between plasma CTRPs and AD and suggested the potential of CTRPs as a blood-derived biomarker for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Jialing Zhao
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- Department of NeurologyYunyang County People's HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Qinghua Wang
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping HospitalThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain DiseasesChongqingChina
| | - Tingqi Yan
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Shu Gou
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of NeurologyChengdu Eighth People's HospitalChengduChina
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Fang Ye
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Yanjiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping HospitalThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain DiseasesChongqingChina
| | - Shaojie Yang
- Department of NeurologyChengdu Eighth People's HospitalChengduChina
| | - Weidong Le
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Yang Xiang
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
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Sun JL, Ryu JH, Cho W, Oh H, Abd El-Aty AM, Özkal Eminoğlu D, Jeong JH, Jung TW. CTRP4 ameliorates inflammation, thereby attenuating the interaction between HUVECs and THP-1 monocytes through SIRT6/Nrf2 signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 691:149293. [PMID: 38016337 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
CTRP4, identified as an adipokine, has demonstrated notable anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity effects in various disease models. Consequently, our research sought to explore the impact of CTRP4 on inflammation and the interaction between endothelial cells and monocytes in hyperlipidemic conditions. Using Western blotting, we assessed the expression levels of various proteins in HUVECs and THP-1 monocytes. Our study findings indicate that treatment with CTRP4 effectively mitigated the attachment of THP-1 monocytes to HUVECs. Furthermore, it reduced the expression of adhesion molecules and inflammation indicators in experimental cells exposed to hyperlipidemic conditions. Notably, CTRP4 treatment led to an increase in SIRT6 expression and the nuclear translocation of Nrf2. Interestingly, when SIRT6 or Nrf2 was silenced using siRNA, the positive effects of CTRP4 in HUVECs and THP-1 cells were nullified. Our results suggest that CTRP4 exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, thereby improving the interaction between endothelial cells and monocytes through the SIRT6/Nrf2-dependent pathway. This study provides insights into CTRP4 as a potential therapeutic target for mitigating obesity-related atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaw Long Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hak Ryu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjun Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeseung Oh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211-Giza, Egypt; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey.
| | - Didem Özkal Eminoğlu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Woo Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Zhan M, Liu X, Xia X, Yang Y, Xie Y, Zhang L, Lin C, Zhu J, Ding W, Xu S. Promotion of neuroinflammation by the glymphatic system: a new insight into ethanol extracts from Alisma orientale in alleviating obesity-associated cognitive impairment. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 122:155147. [PMID: 37864890 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is one of the critical risk factors for cognitive dysfunction. The glymphatic system (GS) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of cognitive deficits. Alisma orientale has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antihyperlipidemic effects, whereas its effects and underlying mechanisms on obesity-associated cognitive impairment (OACI) are unclear. PURPOSE This work aims to decipher the mechanism of ethanol extracts from Alisma orientale (EEAO) in restoring cognitive impairment in HFD-induced obese mice through a GS approach. METHODS The restoration of abnormal glucose/lipid metabolism and excess adipose deposition by EEAO were assayed by biochemical analysis and visually displayed by a micro-CT scanner and Oil Red O staining. Biochemical assays and Western blotting (WB) were used to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF), free fatty acid (FFAs) levels and the structural integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Microglial activation and neuroinflammation were assessed with immunohistochemistry staining, ELISA and WB. Moreover, GS function was determined by immunofluorescence staining, fluorescence tracer imaging and WB. Finally, the neuropathological features and cognitive functions were detested with immunohistochemistry staining, immunofluorescence and Morris Water Maze. RESULTS EEAO not only alleviated body weight, cerebral lipid accumulation and serum FFAs in HFD-induced obese mice, but also increased CBF and BBB integrity. EEAO suppressed microglial activation and lipid deposition in the hippocampus and reduced the level of inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α in brain tissue. Interestingly, long-term HFD-induced GS dysfunction was significantly restored after EEAO intervention, and neuropathological lesions and cognitive deficits were also markedly rescued. CONCLUSION EEAO rescued the cognitive deficits of OACI by inhibiting neuroinflammation and restoring GS dysfunction, indicating a potential remedy for OACI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiuwen Xia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Youjun Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ya Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Chunqiao Lin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jiushuang Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Weijun Ding
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Shijun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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10
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Cao L, Deng J, Chen W, He M, Zhao N, Huang H, Ling L, Li Q, Zhu X, Wang L. CTRP4/interleukin-6 receptor signaling ameliorates autoimmune encephalomyelitis by suppressing Th17 cell differentiation. J Clin Invest 2023; 134:e168384. [PMID: 38015631 PMCID: PMC10866667 DOI: 10.1172/jci168384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
C1q/TNF-related protein 4 (CTRP4) is generally thought to be released extracellularly and plays a critical role in energy metabolism and protecting against sepsis. However, its physiological functions in autoimmune diseases have not been thoroughly explored. In this study, we demonstrate that Th17 cell-associated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis was greatly exacerbated in Ctrp4-/- mice compared with WT mice due to increased Th17 cell infiltration. The absence of Ctrp4 promoted the differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into Th17 cells in vitro. Mechanistically, CTRP4 interfered with the interaction between IL-6 and the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) by directly competing to bind with IL-6R, leading to suppression of IL-6-induced activation of the STAT3 pathway. Furthermore, the administration of recombinant CTRP4 protein ameliorated disease symptoms. In conclusion, our results indicate that CTRP4, as an endogenous regulator of the IL-6 receptor-signaling pathway, may be a potential therapeutic intervention for Th17-driven autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Cao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People’s Hospital and Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, and
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhai Deng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, and
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, and
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Minwei He
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, and
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, and
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, and
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Ling
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, and
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
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11
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Cho W, Oh H, Choi SW, Abd El-Aty AM, Birdal O, Jeong JH, Song JH, Jung TW. CTRP4 attenuates apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in podocytes through an AMPK/autophagy-dependent pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 682:104-110. [PMID: 37806247 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia, characterized by high blood glucose levels resulting from pancreatic beta cell dysfunction or impaired insulin signaling, is a contributing factor in the development of diabetic nephropathy. This study aimed to investigate the effects of C1q/TNF-related protein 4 (CTRP4), known for its anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory properties in various disease models, on podocyte apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the presence of elevated glucose levels. The expression levels of various proteins in podocytes and adipocytes were evaluated by Western blotting. Autophagosomes in podocytes were stained by MDC. Chromatin condensation in podocytes was examined by Hoechst staining. The research revealed increased expression of CTRP4 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and CIHP-1 podocytes exposed to high glucose (HG) conditions. Treatment with CTRP4 effectively mitigated HG-induced apoptosis and ER stress and normalized epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in CIHP-1 cells. Furthermore, elevated levels of AMPK phosphorylation and autophagy were observed in CIHP-1 cells treated with CTRP4. Silencing of AMPK or the use of 3-methyl adenine (3 MA) reduced the impacts of CTRP4 on apoptosis, EMT markers and ER stress in CIHP-1 cells. In conclusion, these findings suggest that CTRP4 alleviates ER stress in podocytes under hyperglycemic conditions, leading to the suppression of apoptosis and the restoration of EMT through AMPK/autophagy-mediated signaling. These insights provide valuable information for the development of therapeutic strategies for diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonjun Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeseung Oh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woo Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211, Giza, Egypt; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey.
| | - Oğuzhan Birdal
- Department of Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Song
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Woo Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Guo S, Mao X, Liu J. Multi-faceted roles of C1q/TNF-related proteins family in atherosclerosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1253433. [PMID: 37901246 PMCID: PMC10611500 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1253433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose of review C1q/TNF-related proteins (CTRPs) are involved in the modulation of the development and prognosis of atherosclerosis (AS). Here, we summarizes the pathophysiological roles of individual members of the CTRP superfamily in the development of AS. Currently, there is no specific efficacious treatment for AS-related diseases, therefore it is urgent to develop novel therapeutic strategies aiming to target key molecules involved in AS. Recent findings Recently, mounting studies verified the critical roles of the CTRP family, including CTRP1-7, CTRP9 and CTRP11-15, in the development and progression of AS by influencing inflammatory response, modulating glucose and lipid metabolism, regulating endothelial functions and the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Conclusions CTRP family regulate different pathophysiology stages of AS. CTRP3, CTRP9, CTRP12, CTRP13 and CTRP15 play a clear protective role in AS, while CTRP5 and CTRP7 play a pro-atherosclerotic role in AS. The remarkable progress in our understanding of CTRPs' role in AS will provide an attractive therapeutic target for AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuren Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaohuan Mao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang, China
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13
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Han J, Fan H, Dai Y, Cheng X. Serum C1q/TNF-Related Protein 4 Levels are Associated with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Type 2 Diabetic Patients. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2023; 21:163-168. [PMID: 36787473 DOI: 10.1089/met.2022.0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: There is a strong bidirectional relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), both of which can lead to an increase in harmful metabolism and cardiovascular risk. It was discovered that C1q/TNF-related protein 4 (CTRP4) regulates glucolipid metabolism and feeding behavior. However, the correlation between serum CTRP4 and NAFLD in T2DM patients is not yet fully understood. Methods: This study enrolled 188 T2DM participants who were separated into 2 distinct groups (NAFLD and non-NAFLD) according to abdominal ultrasound imaging results. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was utilized to evaluate the levels of serum CTRP4. Clinical data and CTRP4 concentration were compared between the two groups. Linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the correlation of serum CTRP4 levels with NAFLD risk in T2DM patients. Results: Compared with non-NAFLD, the concentration of CTRP4 was lower in NAFLD group (median 2.46 vs. 2.89, P < 0.001). The log(CTRP4) value was found to be negatively correlated with alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference in a Pearson correlation analyses (r = -0.159, -0.156, -0.224, -0.268, all P < 0.05); besides, the trend χ2 test demonstrated that the prevalence of NAFLD rose as CTRP4 concentration decreased (P < 0.001). Regression analysis suggested that NAFLD served as an independent factor influencing log(CTRP4) independently (β-coefficient = -0.12, P = 0.011), even after adjusting for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and white blood cells. Finally, the results of the logistic regression analysis demonstrated that BMI [odds ratio (OR) = 1.196, P = 0.028], triglyceride (OR = 2.744, P < 0.001), and CTRP4 (OR = 0.615, P = 0.032) were independently associated with NAFLD in T2DM. Conclusions: T2DM patients with NAFLD have lower CTRP4 serum concentrations than those without NAFLD. The risk of NAFLD in patients with T2DM is inversely correlated with serum CTRP4 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Han
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaying Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlang Dai
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingbo Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, People's Republic of China
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14
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Chen Y, Zhang S, Ye L, Chen H, Yu L, Wu D. An Acute Bout of Exercise Suppresses Appetite via Central Lactate Metabolism. Neuroscience 2023; 510:49-59. [PMID: 36529295 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Exercise has been reported to elicit a transient suppression of appetite. Plasma lactate, which is produced by exercising muscle, is believed to have a critical effect on exercise-induced appetite suppression. However, the underlying mechanisms and signaling steps of central lactate metabolism remain unexplored. After central oxamate administration, C57BL/6J male mice performed 10 high-intensity interval running at 90% Vmax for 4 minutes each, which separated by 2 minutes at 12 m/min. Food intake and the expression of hypothalamic appetite-regulating neuropeptides including proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) were investigated following exercise training. Janus kinase 2 (Jak2)-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway was also determined by Western blot. In addition, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) was investigated to explore the effect of central lactate metabolism following exercise. We found that central oxamate administration reversed exercise-induced suppression of food intake, and as well as changes in the expression of POMC and NPY. Moreover, acute exercise led to an increase in the phosphorylation of Jak2 and STAT3 in the hypothalamus, while central lactate inhibition significantly blunted this effect. In addition, HIF-1α expression increased obviously after exercise, while it was attenuated by central oxamate administration. Collectively, our data reveal that central lactate metabolism mediates exercise-induced suppression of appetite and changes in neuropeptides, possibly through enhanced Jak2-STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Siyan Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liu Ye
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lehua Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dandong Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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15
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Recent Advances in the Knowledge of the Mechanisms of Leptin Physiology and Actions in Neurological and Metabolic Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021422. [PMID: 36674935 PMCID: PMC9860943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess body weight is frequently associated with low-grade inflammation. Evidence indicates a relationship between obesity and cancer, as well as with other diseases, such as diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, in which inflammation and the actions of various adipokines play a role in the pathological mechanisms involved in these disorders. Leptin is mainly produced by adipose tissue in proportion to fat stores, but it is also synthesized in other organs, where leptin receptors are expressed. This hormone performs numerous actions in the brain, mainly related to the control of energy homeostasis. It is also involved in neurogenesis and neuroprotection, and central leptin resistance is related to some neurological disorders, e.g., Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. In peripheral tissues, leptin is implicated in the regulation of metabolism, as well as of bone density and muscle mass. All these actions can be affected by changes in leptin levels and the mechanisms associated with resistance to this hormone. This review will present recent advances in the molecular mechanisms of leptin action and their underlying roles in pathological situations, which may be of interest for revealing new approaches for the treatment of diseases where the actions of this adipokine might be compromised.
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16
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Zhang W, Chen Y, Pei H. C1q and central nervous system disorders. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1145649. [PMID: 37033981 PMCID: PMC10076750 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1145649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
C1q is a crucial component of the complement system, which is activated through the classical pathway to perform non-specific immune functions, serving as the first line of defense against pathogens. C1q can also bind to specific receptors to carry out immune and other functions, playing a vital role in maintaining immune homeostasis and normal physiological functions. In the developing central nervous system (CNS), C1q functions in synapse formation and pruning, serving as a key player in the development and homeostasis of neuronal networks in the CNS. C1q has a close relationship with microglia and astrocytes, and under their influence, C1q may contribute to the development of CNS disorders. Furthermore, C1q can also have independent effects on neurological disorders, producing either beneficial or detrimental outcomes. Most of the evidence for these functions comes from animal models, with some also from human specimen studies. C1q is now emerging as a promising target for the treatment of a variety of diseases, and clinical trials are already underway for CNS disorders. This article highlights the role of C1q in CNS diseases, offering new directions for the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of General Practice, Xingyang Sishui Central Health Center, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Pei
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Pei,
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Regulatory Networks, Management Approaches, and Emerging Treatments of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 2022:6799414. [PMID: 36397950 PMCID: PMC9666027 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6799414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of NAFLD is complex and diverse, involving multiple signaling pathways and cytokines from various organs. Hepatokines, stellakines, adipokines, and myokines secreted by hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, adipose tissue, and myocytes play an important role in the occurrence and development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) contributes to the progression of NAFLD by mediating liver inflammation, immune response, hepatocyte death, and later compensatory proliferation. In this review, we first discuss the crosstalk and interaction between hepatokines, stellakines, adipokines, and myokines and NF-κB in NAFLD. The characterization of the crosstalk of NF-κB with these factors will provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the progression of NAFLD. In addition, we examine new expert management opinions for NAFLD and explore the therapeutic potential of silymarin in NAFLD/NASH.
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Gao J, Lu J, Qiu J, Sun D, Xu B, Wang Z, Lei T. CTRP4
is Associated with Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Investig 2022; 13:1723-1731. [PMID: 35598316 PMCID: PMC9533036 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction To evaluate the correlation of circulating C1q tumor necrosis factor‐related protein 4 (CTRP4) with coronary artery disease (CAD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Methods A total of 240 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled in our center between January 2020 and December 2020. They were assigned into two groups, including the CAD and non‐CAD groups, based on coronary angiography or computed tomography angiography findings. Serum CTRP4 levels were detected by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kit. The association of CTRP4 with CAD was determined by logistic regression analysis. The predictive value of CTRP4 for CAD was calculated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results Median serum CTRP4 amounts were markedly elevated in the CAD group in comparison with the non‐CAD group (10.37 vs 3.75 ng/mL, P < 0.01). Binary logistic regression showed that CTRP4 was associated with CAD and even the amount of coronary artery lesions (P < 0.05). In receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was greater for CTRP4 compared with HbA1c or CRP (0.87 vs 0.74, 0.87 vs 0.80, P < 0.01). The area under the curve for CTRP4 and glycated hemoglobin in combination was larger than that obtained for CTRP4 combined with CRP (0.91 vs 0.87, P < 0.01). According to the maximum Youden index criteria, the optimal cut‐off of CTRP4 was 5.42 ng/mL, which yielded a sensitivity of 84.4% and a specificity of 76.7% in predicting CAD in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Conclusions Serum CTRP4 levels are positively correlated with CAD occurrence and severity. Combining CTRP4 and glycated hemoglobin has a better predictive value for CAD in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Putuo Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Putuo Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Junhui Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology, Putuo Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai China
- Shanghai Putuo Central School of Clinical Medicine Anhui Medical University
| | - Dusang Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Putuo Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Bilin Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Putuo Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Tao Lei
- Department of Endocrinology, Putuo Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai China
- Shanghai Putuo Central School of Clinical Medicine Anhui Medical University
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19
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Liu Z, Hun J, Wang Y, Yang M, Niu L, Shi B. Association of serum C1Q/TNF-related protein 4 levels with carotid atherosclerosis in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 531:337-341. [PMID: 35525266 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.04.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) is a common manifestation of macroangiopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). C1Q/TNF-related protein 4 (CTRP4) was found to be involved in regulation of food intake behaviors and glucolipid metabolism, which were also key factors in the development of CAS. However, the relationship between serum CTRP4 and CAS in T2DM remains unclear. METHODS A total of 111 participants with T2DM were enrolled in the study and were divided into 2 groups (T2DM group and T2DM + CAS group) according to the result of carotid ultrasound examinations. Serum CTRP4 levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Trend χ2 test and binary stepwise logistic regression were conducted to assess the association between serum CTRP4 and the risk of CAS in T2DM. RESULTS Serum CTRP4 concentrations in T2DM + CAS group were significantly lower compared with those in T2DM group [7.98 (5.53) vs. 11.29 (7.36) ng/ml, P < 0.01]. The risk of CAS in T2DM decreased with the increasing of CTRP4 quartiles (P for trend < 0.01). Binary stepwise logistic regression suggested that serum CTRP4 might be an independent influence factor for CAS in patients with T2DM (P < 0.01) and high concentrations of serum CTRP4 were related to low risk of CAS in T2DM. CONCLUSIONS The concentrations of serum CTRP4 are lower in T2DM patients with CAS compared to those without CAS. Serum CTRP4 levels are negatively related to the risk of CAS in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junxia Hun
- Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubeil, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minyi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lijuan Niu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Bimin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Shao J, Li C, Bai L, Ni X, Ge S, Zhang J, Zhao H. Recent evidence in support of traditional chinese medicine to restore normal leptin function in simple obesity. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09482. [PMID: 35620623 PMCID: PMC9127329 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Reducing the incidence of obesity is the focus of global attention, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) may play an important role in achieving this goal. Numerous studies have shown that most individuals with obesity have leptin resistance, exogenous leptin is ineffective in individuals with obesity, and the effect of leptin decreases with increased serum leptin levels in individuals with obesity. At present, there are many hypotheses regarding the mechanism of leptin resistance, but there is no definite conclusion. TCM has a long history of treating obesity, and single and compound TCM is an effective obesity treatment method. However, TCM's mechanism of action is complex and resists further weight loss drug development. In the last decade, network pharmacology has become an important tool for exploring the mechanism of compound TCMs. In this study, we reviewed the interrelation between TCM obesity treatment and leptin resistance, and network pharmacology studies of TCM intervention in simple obesity revealed that their targets overlap with the leptin pathway. We also summarized TCM pairs that effectively interfere with leptin resistance and their related intervention mechanisms, providing targets for anti-obesity drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Shao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, PR China
| | - Chen Li
- Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Litao Bai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Ni
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Beijing, PR China
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shaoqin Ge
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, PR China
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, PR China
| | - Hanqing Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, PR China
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21
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Dai Y, Zhou J, Niu L, Hu J, Han J. Increased serum C1q/TNF-related protein 4 concentration in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 524:187-191. [PMID: 34801485 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Accumulated evidence have revealed profound associations between C1q/TNF-related proteins (CTRPs) and coronary artery disease (CAD); yet, the relationship of CTRP4 to CAD has not been investigated. We examined the role of CTRP4 in CAD, and especially in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS A total of 138 patients referred for coronary angiography were included in this study and were classified into 3 groups (ACS, CAD and control group). Comparisons regarding clinical data and CTRP4 concentration were performed among 3 groups. Weighted least-squares regression analysis was used to identify the independent predicting factors for CTRP4. RESULTS Compared with either CAD (median 7.19 vs. 9.43, P < 0.05) or control group (median 7.22 vs. 9.43, P < 0.01), ACS group showed higher CTRP4 concentration. In addition, trend χ2 test revealed the presence of ACS increased with increased CTRP4 concentration (P = 0.010). Finally, in the weighted least-squares regression analysis, ACS was the only independent variable influencing CTRP4 concentration (β- coefficient = 3.082, P = 0.004), even after adjusting for high-sensitivity C reactive protein (β- coefficient = 3.050, P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS CTRP4 was associated with ACS; moreover, ACS was the independent factor in predicting CTRP4 concentration. The potentially important implications of CTRP4 in ACS may offer a novel insight into understanding the link between inflammation and ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlang Dai
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Lijuan Niu
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Junting Hu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Junxia Han
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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22
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Liu Z, Lu J, Zhang D, Niu L, Shi B. Decreased serum C1Q/TNF-related protein 4 concentrations are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2021; 12:20420188211059884. [PMID: 34868546 PMCID: PMC8637797 DOI: 10.1177/20420188211059884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To detect serum C1Q/TNF-related protein 4 (CTRP4) concentrations in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and evaluate the correlation between CTRP4 and other variables in T2DM. METHOD Sixty-five patients with newly diagnosed T2DM and eighty-nine healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. Anthropometric and biochemical data of the study participants was collected, and serum CTRP4 concentrations were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The correlation between serum CTRP4 and other indexes was analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis. Trend χ2 test and binary multivariate stepwise logistic regression were performed to assess the correlation between CTRP4 and the risk of T2DM. RESULTS Serum CTRP4 concentrations in the T2DM group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < .01). Spearman correlation analysis showed that CTRP4 concentrations were negatively correlated with BMI, hs-CRP, HOMA-IR, FBG and TG (r = - 0.430, - 0.453, - 0.371, - 0.361, - 0.506, P < .05), and positively correlated with HDL-c (r = 0.303, P < .05). Trend χ2 test indicated that with the increase of CTRP4 levels in the population, the risk of T2DM presented a general downward trend (P < .01). Binary multivariate stepwise logistic regression suggested that serum CTRP4 was an independent impact factor for T2DM and high serum CTRP4 levels were related to the decreased risk of T2DM (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Serum CTRP4 concentrations decrease in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM. Serum CTRP4 levels are negatively associated with the risk of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First
Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Lu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated
Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Daiyi Zhang
- Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Bimin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First
Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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