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Zhang X, Taylor H, Valdivia A, Dasari R, Buckley A, Bonacquisti E, Nguyen J, Kanchi K, Corcoran DL, Herring LE, Steindler DA, Baldwin A, Hingtgen S, Satterlee AB. Auto-loaded TRAIL-exosomes derived from induced neural stem cells for brain cancer therapy. J Control Release 2024; 372:433-445. [PMID: 38908756 PMCID: PMC11283351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Transdifferentiation (TD), a somatic cell reprogramming process that eliminates pluripotent intermediates, creates cells that are ideal for personalized anti-cancer therapy. Here, we provide the first evidence that extracellular vesicles (EVs) from TD-derived induced neural stem cells (Exo-iNSCs) are an efficacious treatment strategy for brain cancer. We found that genetically engineered iNSCs generated EVs loaded with the tumoricidal gene product TRAIL at nearly twice the rate of their parental fibroblasts, and TRAIL produced by iNSCs was naturally loaded into the lumen of EVs and arrayed across their outer membrane (Exo-iNSC-TRAIL). Uptake studies in ex vivo organotypic brain slice cultures showed that Exo-iNSC-TRAIL selectively accumulates within tumor foci, and co-culture assays demonstrated that Exo-iNSC-TRAIL killed metastatic and primary brain cancer cells more effectively than free TRAIL. In an orthotopic mouse model of brain cancer, Exo-iNSC-TRAIL reduced breast-to-brain tumor xenografts by approximately 3000-fold compared to treatment with free TRAIL, with all Exo-iNSC-TRAIL treated animals surviving through 90 days post-treatment. In additional in vivo testing against aggressive U87 and invasive GBM8 glioblastoma tumors, Exo-iNSC-TRAIL also induced a statistically significant increase in survival. These studies establish a novel, easily generated, stable, tumor-targeted EV to efficaciously treat multiple forms of brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopei Zhang
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hannah Taylor
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alain Valdivia
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rajaneekar Dasari
- Eshelman Institute for Innovation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andrew Buckley
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Emily Bonacquisti
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Juliane Nguyen
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Krishna Kanchi
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David L Corcoran
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Laura E Herring
- Michael Hooker Proteomics Core, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dennis A Steindler
- Eshelman Institute for Innovation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Steindler Consulting, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Albert Baldwin
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shawn Hingtgen
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Andrew Benson Satterlee
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Eshelman Institute for Innovation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Pokhrel NK, Panfil A, Habib H, Seeniraj S, Joseph A, Rauch D, Cox L, Sprung R, Gilmore PE, Zhang Q, Townsend RR, Yu L, Yilmaz AS, Aurora R, Park W, Ratner L, Weilbaecher KN, Veis DJ. HTLV-1 infected T cells cause bone loss via small extracellular vesicles. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.29.582779. [PMID: 38496506 PMCID: PMC10942274 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.29.582779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Adult T cell leukemia (ATL), caused by infection with human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), is often complicated by hypercalcemia and osteolytic lesions. Therefore, we studied the communication between patient-derived ATL cells (ATL-PDX) and HTLV-1 immortalized CD4+ T cell lines (HTLV/T) with osteoclasts and their effects on bone mass in mice. Intratibial inoculation of some HTLV/T lead to a profound local decrease in bone mass similar to marrow-replacing ATL-PDX, despite the fact that few HTLV/T cells persisted in the bone. To study the direct effect of HTLV/T and ATL-PDX on osteoclasts, supernatants were added to murine and human osteoclast precursors. ATL-PDX supernatants from hypercalcemic patients promoted formation of mature osteoclasts, while those from HTLV/T were variably stimulatory, but had largely consistent effects between human and murine cultures. Interestingly, this osteoclastic activity did not correlate with expression of osteoclastogenic cytokine RANKL, suggesting an alternative mechanism. HTLV/T and ATL-PDX produce small extracellular vesicles (sEV), known to facilitate HTLV-1 infection. We hypothesized that these sEV also mediate bone loss by targeting osteoclasts. We isolated sEV from both HTLV/T and ATL-PDX, and found they carried most of the activity found in supernatants. In contrast, sEV from uninfected activated T cells had little effect. Analysis of sEV (both active and inactive) by mass spectrometry and electron microscopy confirmed absence of RANKL and intact virus. Viral proteins Tax and Env were only present in sEV from the active, osteoclast-stimulatory group, along with increased representation of proteins involved in osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. sEV injected over mouse calvaria in the presence of low dose RANKL caused more osteolysis than RANKL alone. Thus, HTLV-1 infection of T cells can cause release of sEV with strong osteolytic potential, providing a mechanism beyond RANKL production that modifies the bone microenvironment, even in the absence of overt leukemia.
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Gholamzad A, Khakpour N, Gholamzad M, Roudaki Sarvandani MR, Khosroshahi EM, Asadi S, Rashidi M, Hashemi M. Stem cell therapy for HTLV-1 induced adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL): A comprehensive review. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155172. [PMID: 38340584 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a rare and aggressive form of cancer associated with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection. The emerging field of stem cell therapies for ATLL is discussed, highlighting the potential of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and genetically modified stem cells. HSCT aims to eradicate malignant T-cells and restore a functional immune system through the infusion of healthy donor stem cells. Genetically modified stem cells show promise in enhancing their ability to target and eliminate ATLL cells. The article presents insights from preclinical studies and limited clinical trials, emphasizing the need for further research to establish the safety, efficacy, and long-term outcomes of stem cell therapies for ATLL and challenges associated with these innovative approaches are also explored. Overall, stem cell therapies hold significant potential in revolutionizing ATLL treatment, and ongoing clinical trials aim to determine their benefits in larger patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Gholamzad
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Khakpour
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Gholamzad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Elaheh Mohandesi Khosroshahi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Asadi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Farrokhyar S, Baharara J, Eidi A, Hayati Roodbari N. Effect of Exosomes Derived from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Ovarian Granulosa Cells of Immature NMRI Mice. CELL JOURNAL 2024; 26:28-38. [PMID: 38351727 PMCID: PMC10864772 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2023.2002520.1307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In recent years, in vitro maturation (IVM) has become the focus of fertility maintenance, and infertility treatment. The aim of this study is development of oocytes during folliculogenesis and oogenesis is greatly influenced by the presence of BMP-7, BMP-15, and GDF-9 genes, which are present in exosomes generated from bone marrow stem cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the experimental study, we investigated how exosomes obtained from bone marrow stem cells affected development and expansion of ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) in NMRI mice. In this in vitro experiment, bone marrow stem cells were isolated from mice's bone marrow, and after identification, exosomes were recovered. Exosome doses of 100, 50, and 25 μg/ml were applied to GCs before using MTT assay to measure survival rates and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to measure expression of the BMP-7, BMP-15, and GDF-9 genes. RESULTS The results showed that the GCs treated with exosomes concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 μg/ml significantly increased bioavailability, growth and proliferation and it also increased expression level of BMP-7, BMP-15, and GDF-9 genes compared to the controls. CONCLUSION Findings of this study indicated that exosomes derived from bone marrow stem cells improved growth of GCs in NMRI mice and they were a good candidate for further clinical studies to improve quality of the assisted reproductive techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Farrokhyar
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Baharara
- Department of Biology and Research Center for Animal Development Applied Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Akram Eidi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Hayati Roodbari
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Das K, Mukherjee T, Shankar P. The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathogenesis of Hematological Malignancies: Interaction with Tumor Microenvironment; a Potential Biomarker and Targeted Therapy. Biomolecules 2023; 13:897. [PMID: 37371477 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in the development and progression of hematological malignancies. In recent years, studies have focused on understanding how tumor cells communicate within the TME. In addition to several factors, such as growth factors, cytokines, extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, etc., a growing body of evidence has indicated that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in the communication of tumor cells within the TME, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies. The present review focuses on how EVs derived from tumor cells interact with the cells in the TME, such as immune cells, stromal cells, endothelial cells, and ECM components, and vice versa, in the context of various hematological malignancies. EVs recovered from the body fluids of cancer patients often carry the bioactive molecules of the originating cells and hence can be considered new predictive biomarkers for specific types of cancer, thereby also acting as potential therapeutic targets. Here, we discuss how EVs influence hematological tumor progression via tumor-host crosstalk and their use as biomarkers for hematological malignancies, thereby benefiting the development of potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Das
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Tanmoy Mukherjee
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Prem Shankar
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
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Modvig S, Jeyakumar J, Marquart HV, Christensen C. Integrins and the Metastasis-like Dissemination of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia to the Central Nervous System. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092504. [PMID: 37173970 PMCID: PMC10177281 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) disseminates with high prevalence to the central nervous system (CNS) in a process resembling aspects of the CNS surveillance of normal immune cells as well as aspects of brain metastasis from solid cancers. Importantly, inside the CNS, the ALL blasts are typically confined within the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled cavities of the subarachnoid space, which they use as a sanctuary protected from both chemotherapy and immune cells. At present, high cumulative doses of intrathecal chemotherapy are administered to patients, but this is associated with neurotoxicity and CNS relapse still occurs. Thus, it is imperative to identify markers and novel therapy targets specific to CNS ALL. Integrins represent a family of adhesion molecules involved in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, implicated in the adhesion and migration of metastatic cancer cells, normal immune cells, and leukemic blasts. The ability of integrins to also facilitate cell-adhesion mediated drug resistance, combined with recent discoveries of integrin-dependent routes of leukemic cells into the CNS, have sparked a renewed interest in integrins as markers and therapeutic targets in CNS leukemia. Here, we review the roles of integrins in CNS surveillance by normal lymphocytes, dissemination to the CNS by ALL cells, and brain metastasis from solid cancers. Furthermore, we discuss whether ALL dissemination to the CNS abides by known hallmarks of metastasis, and the potential roles of integrins in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Modvig
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jenani Jeyakumar
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Vibeke Marquart
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Christensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Alsayed RKME, Sheikhan KSAM, Alam MA, Buddenkotte J, Steinhoff M, Uddin S, Ahmad A. Epigenetic programing of cancer stemness by transcription factors-non-coding RNAs interactions. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 92:74-83. [PMID: 37054905 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer 'stemness' is fundamental to cancer existence. It defines the ability of cancer cells to indefinitely perpetuate as well as differentiate. Cancer stem cell populations within a growing tumor also help evade the inhibitory effects of chemo- as well as radiation-therapies, in addition to playing an important role in cancer metastases. NF-κB and STAT-3 are representative transcription factors (TFs) that have long been associated with cancer stemness, thus presenting as attractive targets for cancer therapy. The growing interest in non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the recent years has provided further insight into the mechanisms by which TFs influence cancer stem cell characteristics. There is evidence for a direct regulation of TFs by ncRNAs, such as, microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as well as circular RNAs (circRNAs), and vice versa. Additionally, the TF-ncRNAs regulations are often indirect, involving ncRNA-target genes or the sponging of other ncRNA species by individual ncRNAs. The information is rapidly evolving and this review provides a comprehensive review of TF-ncRNAs interactions with implications on cancer stemness and in response to therapies. Such knowledge will help uncover the many levels of tight regulations that control cancer stemness, providing novel opportunities and targets for therapy in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Khaled M E Alsayed
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar
| | | | - Majid Ali Alam
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar
| | - Jorg Buddenkotte
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Medical School, Doha, 24144, Qatar; Dept. of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar.
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Chen L, Xie T, Wei B, Di DL. Tumour‑derived exosomes and their emerging roles in leukaemia (Review). Exp Ther Med 2023; 25:126. [PMID: 36845960 PMCID: PMC9947586 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.11825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small vesicles with a diameter of ~40-100 nm that are secreted by the majority of endogenous cells under normal and pathological conditions. They contain abundant proteins, lipids, microRNAs, and biomolecules such as signal transduction molecules, adhesion factors and cytoskeletal proteins, and play an important role in exchanging materials and transmitting information between cells. Recent studies have shown that exosomes are involved in the pathophysiology of leukaemia by affecting the bone marrow microenvironment, apoptosis, tumour angiogenesis, immune escape and chemotherapy resistance. Furthermore, exosomes are potential biomarkers and drug carriers for leukaemia, impacting the diagnosis and treatment of leukaemia. The present study describes the biogenesis and general characteristics of exosomes, and then highlight the emerging roles of exosomes in different types of leukaemia. Finally, the value of clinical application of exosomes as biomarkers and drug carriers is discussed with the aim to provide novel strategies for the treatment of leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Ting Xie
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Bing Wei
- Department of Immunology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Da-Lin Di
- Department of Immunology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Da-Lin Di, Department of Immunology, Weifang Medical University, 7166 Baotongxi Street, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China . com
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Kargar-Sichani Y, Mohammadi MH, Amiri V, Barzegar M, Keshavarz A, Bashash D, Farsani MA. Effect of Acute Myeloid Leukemia-derived Extracellular Vesicles on Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Expression of Poor Prognosis Genes. Arch Med Res 2023; 54:95-104. [PMID: 36717322 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous clonal disorder resulting from a complex interplay between leukemic cells and supporting factors from their microenvironment. In this context, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to play an essential role in forming a tumor-protective microenvironment. In this study, we examined the influence of AML-derived EVs on cellular and molecular characterization of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs), particularly alteration in the expression of genes (IL-6, Gas-6, and Galectin-3) relating to relapse and chemoresistance. METHODS MSCs were co-cultured with different concentrations of AML-EVs. Our data has been achieved by MTT assay, ROS assay, proliferation assay and apoptosis assay. RT-qPCR was also performed for gene expression analysis. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that AML-EVs impact the MSCs characterization in a concentration-dependent manner. We revealed higher viability, increased Ki-67 and BCL-2, and lower ROS levels in MSCs treated with a 40 µg/mL dose of EVs. On the other hand, the rate of MSCs apoptosis and BAX expression exposed to a 60 µg/mL dose of EVs were increased compared with the control group. In addition, RT-qPCR results showed that the expression of IL-6, Gas-6, and Galectin-3 was significantly up-regulated in treated MSCs with a 40 µg/mL dose of EVs. CONCLUSION Because the overexpression of IL-6, Gas-6, and Galectin-3 has contributed to chemoresistance and relapse, our findings suggest that AML-EVs propel MSCs to express these genes, which in turn could guard leukemic cells from chemotherapy-inflicted damages and eventually lead to relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Kargar-Sichani
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Amiri
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohyedin Barzegar
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Ali Keshavarz
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Allahbakhshian Farsani
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Imamura M. Hypothesis: can transfer of primary neoplasm-derived extracellular vesicles and mitochondria contribute to the development of donor cell-derived hematologic neoplasms after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation? Cytotherapy 2022; 24:1169-1180. [PMID: 36058790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is an essential treatment option for various neoplastic and non-neoplastic hematologic diseases. Although its efficacy is modest, a significant proportion of patients experience relapse, graft-versus-host disease, infection or impaired hematopoiesis. Among these, the most frequent cause of post-transplant mortality is relapse, whereas the development of de novo hematologic neoplasms from donor cells after allo-HCT occurs on some occasion as a rare complication. The mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of the de novo hematologic neoplasms from donor cells are complex, and a multifactorial process contributes to the development of this complication. Recently, extracellular vesicles, particularly exosomes, and mitochondria have been shown to play crucial roles in intercellular communication through the transfer of specific constituents, such as deoxyribonucleic acids, ribonucleic acids, lipids, metabolites and cytosolic and cell-surface proteins. Here, I discuss the potential causative roles of these subcellular components in the development of de novo hematologic neoplasms from donor cells after allo-HCT, in addition to other etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Imamura
- Department of Hematology, Sapporo Hokuyu Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
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Mahmoudvand S, Shokri S, Nakhaie M, Jalilian FA, Mehri-Ghahfarrokhi A, Yarani R, Shojaeian A. Small extracellular vesicles as key players in cancer development caused by human oncogenic viruses. Infect Agent Cancer 2022; 17:58. [DOI: 10.1186/s13027-022-00471-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Exosomes are the smallest group of extracellular vesicles in size from 30 to 150 nm, surrounded by a lipid bilayer membrane, and originate from multivesicular bodies secreted by different types of cells, such as virus-infected cells. The critical role of exosomes is information transfer among cells, representing a unique way for intercellular communication via a load of many kinds of molecules, including various signaling proteins and nucleic acids. In this review, we aimed to comprehensively investigate the role of exosomes in promoting human oncogenic viruses-associated cancers.
Methods
Our search was conducted for published researches between 2000 and 2022 by using several international databases includeing Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science as well as Google scholar. We also reviewed additional evidence from relevant published articles.
Results
It has been shown that exosomes can create the conditions for viral spread in viral infections. Exosome secretion in a human tumor virus can switch on the cell signaling pathways by transferring exosome-encapsulated molecules, including viral oncoproteins, signal transduction molecules, and virus-encoded miRNAs, into various cells.
Conclusion
Given the role of exosomes in viruses-associated cancers, they can also be considered as molecular targets in diagnosis and treatment.
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Sun G, Gu Q, Zheng J, Cheng H, Cheng T. Emerging roles of extracellular vesicles in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:160840. [PMID: 36106632 PMCID: PMC9479752 DOI: 10.1172/jci160840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells, regulated by their microenvironment (or “niche”), sustain the production of mature blood and immune cells. Leukemia cells remodel the microenvironment to enhance their survival, which is accompanied by the loss of support for normal hematopoiesis in hematologic malignancies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate intercellular communication in physiological and pathological conditions, and deciphering their functions in cell-cell interactions in the ecosystem can highlight potential therapeutic targets. In this Review, we illustrate the utility of EVs derived from various cell types, focusing on the biological molecules they contain and the behavioral alterations they can induce in recipient cells. We also discuss the potential for clinical application in hematologic malignancies, including EV-based therapeutic regimens, drug delivery via EVs, and the use of EVs (or their cargoes) as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Quan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Junke Zheng
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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de La-Roque DGL, Santos EV, Rodrigues ES, da Costa PNM, Brauer VS, Almeida F, de Haes TM, Takayanagui OM, Covas DT, Kashima S. The Expression of Tax and HBZ Genes in Serum-Derived Extracellular Vesicles From HTLV-1 Carriers Correlates to Proviral Load and Inflammatory Markers. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:881634. [PMID: 35586867 PMCID: PMC9108699 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.881634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiologic agent of adult cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). One of the major questions in HTLV-1 studies is related to the understanding of causes that lead to different clinical manifestations. However, it is well known that the viral genes tax and HTLV-1 basic leucine zipper factor (HBZ) are related to viral infectivity and the development of neurological and hematological diseases. Currently, there is evidence that HTLV-1 infected cells can release small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) involved in the mechanisms of viral particles spreading. Therefore, we evaluated the expression levels of tax and HBZ viral transcripts in serum-derived sEVs from HTLV-1 carriers, as well as the role of these vesicles in the modulation of the immune response. Three HAM/TSP carriers presented detectable levels of tax and HBZ transcripts in sEVs and were positively correlated to the proviral load (PVL) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The viral transcripts were only detectable in individuals with a PVL higher than 6,000/105 PBMCs. Additionally, it was observed that HBZ presented a 2–12-folds increase over tax expression units. Gene expression and secretory protein analysis indicated that PBMCs from blood donors and HTLV-1 carriers exposed to increasing doses of tax+ HBZ+ sEVs showed a dose-dependent increase in interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-8 transcripts and proteins. Interestingly, the increase in IL-8 levels was close to those seen in HTLV-1-infected PBMCs with high PVL. Taken together, these findings indicate that the expression of viral transcripts in serum-derived sEVs of HTLV-1 carriers is related to the PVL presented by the infected individual. Additionally, tax+ HBZ+ sEVs can induce the production of inflammatory cytokines in patients with low PVL, which may be related to the development of symptoms in HTLV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elaine Vieira Santos
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Fausto Almeida
- Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Dimas Tadeu Covas
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone Kashima
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Simone Kashima
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14
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Paco-Meza LM, Carmona MD, Cañadillas S, Lopez-Diaz A, Muñoz-López F, Jimenez-Arranz A, Guler I, Herrera C. Identification of molecular pathways and protein-protein interactions in adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ASCs) under physiological oxygen concentration in a diabetic rat model. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:155-163. [PMID: 35655589 PMCID: PMC9124531 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.59004.13107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ASCs) are useful in cell-based therapy. However, it is well known that diabetes mellitus (DM) alters ASCs' functionality. The majority of in vitro studies related to ASCs are developed under non-physiological oxygen conditions. Therefore, they may not reflect the full effects of DM on ASCs, in vivo. The main aim of the current study is to identify molecular pathways and underlying biological mechanisms affected by diabetes on ASCs in physiological oxygen conditions. Materials and Methods ASCs derived from healthy (ASCs-C) and diabetic (ASCs-D) rats were expanded under standard culture conditions (21% O2) or cultured in physiological oxygen conditions (3% O2) and characterized. Differential gene expressions (DEGs) of ASCs-D with respect to ASCs-C were identified and analyzed with bioinformatic tools. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, from up- and down-regulated DEGs, were also constructed. Results The bioinformatic analysis revealed 1354 up-regulated and 859 down-regulated DEGs in ASCs-D, with 21 and 78 terms over and under-represented, respectively. Terms linked with glycosylation and ribosomes were over-represented and terms related to the activity of RNA-polymerase II and transcription regulation were under-represented. PPI network disclosed RPL11-RPS5 and KDR-VEGFA as the main interactions from up- and down-regulated DEGs, respectively. Conclusion These results provide valuable information about gene pathways and underlying molecular mechanisms by which diabetes disturbs ASCs biology in physiological oxygen conditions. Furthermore, they reveal, molecular targets to improve the use of ASCs in autologous transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis-Miguel Paco-Meza
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), Spain. Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, CP 14004 Córdoba, Spain, These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - MDolores Carmona
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), Spain. Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, CP 14004 Córdoba, Spain,Cellular Therapy Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain. Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, CP 14004 Córdoba, Spain,University of Cordoba, Spain. Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, CP 14004 Córdoba, Spain, These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Sagrario Cañadillas
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), Spain. Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, CP 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ana Lopez-Diaz
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), Spain. Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, CP 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Muñoz-López
- Bio-Knowledge Lab, Glorieta de los Países Bálticos, s/n. Edificio Baobab 1, Oficina 15, Polígono Tecnocórdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alvaro Jimenez-Arranz
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), Spain. Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, CP 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ipek Guler
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), Spain. Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, CP 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Concha Herrera
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), Spain. Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, CP 14004 Córdoba, Spain,Cellular Therapy Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain. Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, CP 14004 Córdoba, Spain,University of Cordoba, Spain. Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, CP 14004 Córdoba, Spain,Corresponding author: Concha Herrera. Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC) and Reina Sofia University Hospital, Department of Hematology. Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, CP 14004 Córdoba, Spain. Tel: +34-957736518; Fax: +95-7012972;
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15
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Baradaran A, Asadzadeh Z, Hemmat N, Baghbanzadeh A, Shadbad MA, Khosravi N, Derakhshani A, Alemohammad H, Afrashteh Nour M, Safarpour H, Silvestris N, Brunetti O, Baradaran B. The cross-talk between tumor-associated macrophages and tumor endothelium: Recent advances in macrophage-based cancer immunotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 146:112588. [PMID: 35062062 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are among the abundant cell populations of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which have pivotal roles in tumor development, chemoresistance, immune evasion, and metastasis. Growing evidence indicates that TAMs and the cross-talk between TAMs and tumoral endothelial cells can substantially contribute to tumor angiogenesis, which is considered a vital process for cancer development. Besides, tumoral endothelial cells can regulate the leukocyte infiltration to the TME in solid cancers and contribute to immune evasion. Therefore, targeting the immunosuppressive TAMs and the cross-talk between them can be a promising strategy for improving anti-tumoral immune responses. This review aims to summarize the biology of TAMs, their recently identified roles in tumor development/angiogenesis, and recent advances in macrophage-based cancer immunotherapy approaches for treating cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Baradaran
- Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Research & Development, BSD Robotics, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zahra Asadzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nima Hemmat
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Abdoli Shadbad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Neda Khosravi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Afshin Derakhshani
- Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Hajar Alemohammad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mina Afrashteh Nour
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Safarpour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit-IRCCS IstitutoTumori "Giovanni Paolo II" of Bari, Bari, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology DIMO-University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Oronzo Brunetti
- Medical Oncology Unit-IRCCS IstitutoTumori "Giovanni Paolo II" of Bari, Bari, Italy.
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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16
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Yan W, Song L, Wang H, Yang W, Hu L, Yang Y. Extracellular vesicles carrying miRNA-181b-5p affects the malignant progression of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Transl Med 2021; 19:511. [PMID: 34922585 PMCID: PMC8684212 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03174-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate how serum extracellular vesicles (EVs)-carried miRNA-181b-5p affected the proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells. Methods Differentially expressed miRNAs related to ALL were screened by bioinformatics analysis, and the localization of target miRNA was searched by its expression. qRT-PCR was adopted to confirm the expression of miRNA-181b-5p. Flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy were applied to evaluate EVs internalization. MTT assay was employed to verify the proliferation of ALL cells. Cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Transwell assay was applied to evaluate migration and invasion abilities. Results High expression of miRNA-181b-5p was proved in ALL cell lines, and miRNA-181b-5p enriched in the exosomes and vesicles of blood cells. In the meantime, it was found that EVs carrying miRNA-181b-5p could be internalized by ALL cells and thus the expression of miRNA-181b-5p was up-regulated. Cell function assays showed that the proliferation, migration, invasion abilities of ALL cell lines were promoted in miRNA-181b-5p mimic group or the group co-culturing ALL-derived EVs and BALL-1 cell lines. The percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase was reduced and cell apoptosis was also inhibited. Conclusion miRNA-181b-5p carried by EVs in peripheral blood of ALL patients can enter ALL cells and thus promote the malignancy of ALL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Song
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institute Office, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Huihan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Hu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, People's Republic of China.
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17
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The guardians of germ cells; Sertoli-derived exosomes against electromagnetic field-induced oxidative stress in mouse spermatogonial stem cells. Theriogenology 2021; 173:112-122. [PMID: 34371438 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, prolonged exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) has raised public concern about the detrimental potential of EMF on spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) and spermatogenesis. Recent studies introduced the fundamental role of Sertoli cell paracrine signaling in the regulation of SSCs maintenance and differentiation in fertility preservation. Thus we investigated the therapeutic effect of Sertoli-derived exosomes (Sertoli-EXOs) as powerful paracrine mediators in SSCs subjected to EMF and its underlying mechanisms. SSCs and Sertoli cells were isolated from neonate mice testis, and identified by their specific markers. Then SSCs were exposed to 50 Hz EMF with intensity of 2.5 mT (1 h for 5 days) and supplemented with exosomes that were isolated from pre-pubertal Sertoli cells. Sertoli-EXOs were characterized and the uptake was observed by PKH26 labeling. The cell viability, colonization efficiency, reactive oxygen species (ROS) balance, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction were then analysed. SSCs were confirmed by immunocytochemistry (Oct4, Plzf) and Sertoli cells were identified through Sox9 and vimentin expression by immunocytochemistry and Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), respectively. Our results demonstrated the detrimental effect of EMF via ROS accumulation that reduced the expression of catalase antioxidant, cell viability and colonization of SSCs. Also, AO/PI and flow cytometry analysis demonstrated the elevation of apoptosis in SSCs exposed to EMF in comparison with control. qRT-PCR data confirmed the up-regulation of apoptotic gene (Caspase-3) and down-regulation of SSCs specific gene (GFRα1). Consequently, the administration of Sertoli-EXOs exerted ameliorative effect on SSCs and significantly improved these changes through the regulation of oxidative stress. These findings suggest that Sertoli-EXOs have positive impact on SSCs exposed to EMF and can be useful in further investigation of Sertoli-EXOs as a novel therapeutic agent which may recover the deregulated SSCs microenvironment and spermatogenesis after exposure to EMF.
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18
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Moyal L, Arkin C, Gorovitz-Haris B, Querfeld C, Rosen S, Knaneh J, Amitay-Laish I, Prag-Naveh H, Jacob-Hirsch J, Hodak E. Mycosis fungoides-derived exosomes promote cell motility and are enriched with microRNA-155 and microRNA-1246, and their plasma-cell-free expression may serve as a potential biomarker for disease burden. Br J Dermatol 2021; 185:999-1012. [PMID: 34053079 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Literature regarding exosomes as mediators in intercellular communication to promote progression in mycosis fungoides (MF) is lacking. OBJECTIVES To characterize MF-derived exosomes and their involvement in the disease. METHODS Exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation from cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) cell lines, and from plasma of patients with MF and controls (healthy individuals). Exosomes were confirmed by electron microscopy, NanoSight and CD81 staining. Cell-line exosomes were profiled for microRNA array. Exosomal microRNA (exomiRNA) expression and uptake, and plasma-cell-free microRNA (cfmiRNA) were analysed by reverse-transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Exosome uptake was monitored by fluorescent labelling and CD81 immunostaining. Migration was analysed by transwell migration assay. RESULTS MyLa- and MJ-derived exosomes had a distinctive microRNA signature with abundant microRNA (miR)-155 and miR-1246. Both microRNAs were delivered into target cells, but only exomiR-155 was tested, demonstrating a migratory effect on target cells. Plasma levels of cfmiR-1246 were significantly highest in combined plaque/tumour MF, followed by patch MF, and were lowest in controls (plaque/tumour > patch > healthy), while cfmiR-155 was upregulated only in plaque/tumour MF vs. controls. Specifically, exomiR-1246 (and not exomiR-155) was higher in plasma of plaque/tumour MF than in healthy controls. Plasma exosomes from MF but not from controls increased cell migration. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that MF-derived exosomes promote cell motility and are enriched with miR-155, a well-known microRNA in MF, and miR-1246, not previously reported in MF. Based on their plasma expression we suggest that they may serve as potential biomarkers for tumour burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Moyal
- Laboratory for Molecular Dermatology, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, 4941492, Israel.,Division of Dermatology, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, 4941492, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - C Arkin
- Laboratory for Molecular Dermatology, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, 4941492, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - B Gorovitz-Haris
- Laboratory for Molecular Dermatology, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, 4941492, Israel.,Division of Dermatology, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, 4941492, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - C Querfeld
- Department of Pathology & Division of Dermatology, City of Hope, and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - S Rosen
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA.,Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - J Knaneh
- Laboratory for Molecular Dermatology, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, 4941492, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - I Amitay-Laish
- Division of Dermatology, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, 4941492, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - H Prag-Naveh
- Division of Dermatology, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, 4941492, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - J Jacob-Hirsch
- Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - E Hodak
- Laboratory for Molecular Dermatology, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, 4941492, Israel.,Division of Dermatology, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, 4941492, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
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19
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Ducasa N, Grasso D, Benencio P, Papademetrio DL, Biglione M, Kashanchi F, Berini C, Garcia MN. Autophagy in Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) Induced Leukemia. Front Oncol 2021; 11:641269. [PMID: 33869030 PMCID: PMC8045967 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.641269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses play an important role in the development of certain human cancers. They are estimated to contribute 16% to all human cancers. Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was the first human retrovirus to be discovered and is the etiological agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), an aggressive T-cell malignancy with poor prognosis. HTLV-1 viral proteins interact with mechanisms and proteins present in host cells for their own benefit, evading the immune system and promoting the establishment of disease. Several viruses manipulate the autophagy pathway to achieve their infective goals, and HTLV-1 is not the exception. HTLV-1 Tax viral protein engages NF-κB and autophagy pathways prone favoring viral replication and T cell transformation. In this review we focus on describing the relationship of HTLV-1 with the autophagy machinery and its implication in the development of ATLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Ducasa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Grasso
- Cátedra de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Benencio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela L. Papademetrio
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mirna Biglione
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fatah Kashanchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Carolina Berini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Noé Garcia
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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20
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Forte D, Barone M, Palandri F, Catani L. The "Vesicular Intelligence" Strategy of Blood Cancers. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030416. [PMID: 33805807 PMCID: PMC7999060 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood cancers are a heterogeneous group of disorders including leukemia, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma. They may derive from the clonal evolution of the hemopoietic stem cell compartment or from the transformation of progenitors with immune potential. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound nanovesicles which are released by cells into body fluids with a role in intercellular communication in physiology and pathology, including cancer. EV cargos are enriched in nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, and these molecules can be delivered to target cells to influence their biological properties and modify surrounding or distant targets. In this review, we will describe the “smart strategy” on how blood cancer-derived EVs modulate tumor cell development and maintenance. Moreover, we will also depict the function of microenvironment-derived EVs in blood cancers and discuss how the interplay between tumor and microenvironment affects blood cancer cell growth and spreading, immune response, angiogenesis, thrombogenicity, and drug resistance. The potential of EVs as non-invasive biomarkers will be also discussed. Lastly, we discuss the clinical application viewpoint of EVs in blood cancers. Overall, blood cancers apply a ‘vesicular intelligence’ strategy to spread signals over their microenvironment, promoting the development and/or maintenance of the malignant clone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Forte
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero—Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Hematology “Seràgnoli”, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (D.F.); (M.B.)
| | - Martina Barone
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero—Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Hematology “Seràgnoli”, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (D.F.); (M.B.)
| | - Francesca Palandri
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero—Institute of Hematology “Seràgnoli”, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.P.); (L.C.); Tel.: +39-5121-43044 (F.P.); +39-5121-43837 (L.C.)
| | - Lucia Catani
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero—Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Hematology “Seràgnoli”, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (D.F.); (M.B.)
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero—Institute of Hematology “Seràgnoli”, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.P.); (L.C.); Tel.: +39-5121-43044 (F.P.); +39-5121-43837 (L.C.)
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21
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Zheng Y, Luo Y, Chen X, Li H, Huang B, Zhou B, Zhu L, Kang X, Geng W. The role of mRNA in the development, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of neural tumors. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:49. [PMID: 33673851 PMCID: PMC7934508 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01341-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural tumors can generally be divided into central nervous system tumors and peripheral nervous tumors. Because this type of tumor is located in the nerve, even benign tumors are often difficult to remove by surgery. In addition, the majority of neural tumors are malignant, and it is particular the same for the central nervous system tumors. Even treated with the means such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, they are also difficult to completely cure. In recent years, an increasingly number of studies have focused on the use of mRNA to treat tumors, representing an emerging gene therapy. The use of mRNA can use the expression of some functional proteins for the treatment of genetic disorders or tissue repair, and it can also be applied to immunotherapy through the expression of antigens, antibodies or receptors. Therefore, although these therapies are not fully-fledged enough, they have a broad research prospect. In addition, there are many ways to treat tumors using mRNA vaccines and exosomes carrying mRNA, which have drawn much attention. In this study, we reviewed the current research on the role of mRNA in the development, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of neural tumors, and examine the future research prospects of mRNA in neural tumors and the opportunities and challenges that will arise in the future application of clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People's Republic of China.,School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xixi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiting Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Baojun Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Baofeng Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqing Zhu
- Department of clinical laboratory, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xianhui Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Wujun Geng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Pinto DO, Al Sharif S, Mensah G, Cowen M, Khatkar P, Erickson J, Branscome H, Lattanze T, DeMarino C, Alem F, Magni R, Zhou W, Alais S, Dutartre H, El-Hage N, Mahieux R, Liotta LA, Kashanchi F. Extracellular vesicles from HTLV-1 infected cells modulate target cells and viral spread. Retrovirology 2021; 18:6. [PMID: 33622348 PMCID: PMC7901226 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-021-00550-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus Type-1 (HTLV-1) is a blood-borne pathogen and etiological agent of Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP). HTLV-1 has currently infected up to 10 million globally with highly endemic areas in Japan, Africa, the Caribbean and South America. We have previously shown that Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) enhance HTLV-1 transmission by promoting cell-cell contact. RESULTS Here, we separated EVs into subpopulations using differential ultracentrifugation (DUC) at speeds of 2 k (2000×g), 10 k (10,000×g), and 100 k (100,000×g) from infected cell supernatants. Proteomic analysis revealed that EVs contain the highest viral/host protein abundance in the 2 k subpopulation (2 k > 10 k > 100 k). The 2 k and 10 k populations contained viral proteins (i.e., p19 and Tax), and autophagy proteins (i.e., LC3 and p62) suggesting presence of autophagosomes as well as core histones. Interestingly, the use of 2 k EVs in an angiogenesis assay (mesenchymal stem cells + endothelial cells) caused deterioration of vascular-like-tubules. Cells commonly associated with the neurovascular unit (i.e., astrocytes, neurons, and macrophages) in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) showed that HTLV-1 EVs may induce expression of cytokines involved in migration (i.e., IL-8; 100 k > 2 k > 10 k) from astrocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages (i.e., IL-8; 2 k > 10 k). Finally, we found that EVs were able to promote cell-cell contact and viral transmission in monocytic cell-derived dendritic cell. The EVs from both 2 k and 10 k increased HTLV-1 spread in a humanized mouse model, as evidenced by an increase in proviral DNA and RNA in the Blood, Lymph Node, and Spleen. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these data suggest that various EV subpopulations induce cytokine expression, tissue damage, and viral spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel O Pinto
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Sarah Al Sharif
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Gifty Mensah
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Maria Cowen
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Pooja Khatkar
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - James Erickson
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Heather Branscome
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Thomas Lattanze
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Catherine DeMarino
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Farhang Alem
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Ruben Magni
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Weidong Zhou
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Sandrine Alais
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis Laboratory, INSERM U1111-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Fondation Pour La Recherche Médicale, Labex Ecofect, Lyon, France
| | - Hélène Dutartre
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis Laboratory, INSERM U1111-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Fondation Pour La Recherche Médicale, Labex Ecofect, Lyon, France
| | - Nazira El-Hage
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Renaud Mahieux
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis Laboratory, INSERM U1111-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Fondation Pour La Recherche Médicale, Labex Ecofect, Lyon, France
| | - Lance A Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Fatah Kashanchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA.
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23
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The characterization of exosomes from fibrosarcoma cell and the useful usage of Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) for their evaluation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0231994. [PMID: 33497388 PMCID: PMC7837462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicles containing mRNA, miRNA, and proteins of origin cells, which can control the characteristics of other cells or surroundings. Despite increasing evidence on oncogenic properties of tumor-derived exosomes, fibrosarcoma-derived exosomes remain largely unrevealed. While the proper extraction and characterization of exosomes is critical in exosomes research, there are various limitations in techniques to measure the size and homogeneity of exosomes. Here, we analyzed exosomes from a fibrosarcoma cell line WEHI-164 compared with a breast cancer cell line MDA-MD-231 as a control. Results from dot blot and western blot analysis demonstrated that GM1 ganglioside, and TSG101, HSC70 and GAPDH proteins were contained in exosomes from the WEHI-164 fibrosarcoma cell line. The existence of tetraspanins such as CD81, CD63 and CD9 was confirmed in the exosomes by ExoView analysis. The results obtained from TEM showed their sphere-like shapes of around 50 to 70 nm in radius. Through DLS, we found out that the mean radius of the exosomes derived from WEHI-164 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines was 94.4 nm and 107.8 nm, respectively, with high homogeneity. When comparing the radius measured by TEM with the radius measured by DLS, it was revealed that the difference between the two methods was about 40 nm. This study has significance in characterizing the molecular properties of exosomes from a fibrosarcoma, which has not been researched much before, and in providing clear evidence that DLS can be used as an efficient, convenient and noninvasive technique to simply check the homogeneity and size of exosomes.
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24
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Contribution of extracellular vesicles in normal hematopoiesis and hematological malignancies. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06030. [PMID: 33521365 PMCID: PMC7820922 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-enclosed microparticles that have prominent roles in the intercellular crosstalk. EVs are secreted after fusion of endosomes with the plasma membrane (exosomes) or shed from the plasma membrane (microvesicles). These microparticles modulate bone marrow microenvironment and alter differentiation and expansion of normal hematopoietic cells. EVs originated from mesenchymal stromal cells have been shown to enhance expansion of myeloid-biased hematopoietic progenitor cells. In addition, megakaryocytic microparticles stimulate differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells into mature megakaryocytes. The ability of EVs in induction of maturation and expansion of certain hematopoietic cells has implications in transfusion medicine and in targeted therapeutic modalities. Important prerequisites for these interventions are identification the specific targets of EVs, transferred biomolecules and molecular mechanisms underlying the fate decision in the target cells. EVs are also involved in the pathogenesis and progression of hematological malignancies including acute leukemia and multiples myeloma. In the current review, we provide a summary of studies which evaluated the significance of EVs in normal hematopoiesis and hematological malignancies.
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25
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Al Sharif S, Pinto DO, Mensah GA, Dehbandi F, Khatkar P, Kim Y, Branscome H, Kashanchi F. Extracellular Vesicles in HTLV-1 Communication: The Story of an Invisible Messenger. Viruses 2020; 12:E1422. [PMID: 33322043 PMCID: PMC7763366 DOI: 10.3390/v12121422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infects 5-10 million people worldwide and is the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) as well as other inflammatory diseases. A major concern is that the most majority of individuals with HTLV-1 are asymptomatic carriers and that there is limited global attention by health care officials, setting up potential conditions for increased viral spread. HTLV-1 transmission occurs primarily through sexual intercourse, blood transfusion, intravenous drug usage, and breast feeding. Currently, there is no cure for HTLV-1 infection and only limited treatment options exist, such as class I interferons (IFN) and Zidovudine (AZT), with poor prognosis. Recently, small membrane-bound structures, known as extracellular vesicles (EVs), have received increased attention due to their potential to carry viral cargo (RNA and proteins) in multiple pathogenic infections (i.e., human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1), Zika virus, and HTLV-1). In the case of HTLV-1, EVs isolated from the peripheral blood and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) of HAM/TSP patients contained the viral transactivator protein Tax. Additionally, EVs derived from HTLV-1-infected cells (HTLV-1 EVs) promote functional effects such as cell aggregation which enhance viral spread. In this review, we present current knowledge surrounding EVs and their potential role as immune-modulating agents in cancer and other infectious diseases such as HTLV-1 and HIV-1. We discuss various features of EVs that make them prime targets for possible vehicles of future diagnostics and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fatah Kashanchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (S.A.S.); (D.O.P.); (G.A.M.); (F.D.); (P.K.); (Y.K.); (H.B.)
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26
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M2 Macrophage-Derived Exosomes Promote Angiogenesis and Growth of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma by Targeting E2F2. Mol Ther 2020; 29:1226-1238. [PMID: 33221435 PMCID: PMC7934635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), one of the most aggressive tumors all over the world, has a generally poor prognosis, and its progression is positively correlated with the density of blood vessels. Recently, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) were proven to be beneficial for angiogenesis, but their mechanism of action remains unclear. Our study indicated that M2 macrophages were positively correlated with the microvessel density (MVD) of PDAC tissues, and M2 macrophage-derived exosomes (MDEs) could promote the angiogenesis of mouse aortic endothelial cells (MAECs) in vitro. At the same time, the M2 MDEs could also promote the growth of subcutaneous tumors and increase the vascular density of mice. Moreover, we also found that miR-155-5p and miR-221-5p levels in the M2 MDEs were higher than those in M0 MDEs, and they could be transferred into MAECs, as demonstrated by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and qPCR analysis. Our data confirmed the interaction between TAMs and the angiogenesis of PDAC by exosomes. Additionally, targeting the exosomal miRNAs derived from TAMs might provide diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for PDAC.
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27
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Gholipour E, Sarvarian P, Samadi P, Talebi M, Movassaghpour A, Motavalli R, Hojjat-Farsangi M, Yousefi M. Exosome: From leukemia progression to a novel therapeutic approach in leukemia treatment. Biofactors 2020; 46:698-715. [PMID: 32797698 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes, as small vesicles, are released by tumor cells and tumor microenvironment (cells and function as key intercellular mediators and effects on different processes including tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, drug resistance, and evasion from immune system. These functions are due to exosomes' biomolecules which make them as efficient markers in early diagnosis of the disease. Also, exosomes have been recently applied in vaccination. The potential role of exosomes in immune response toward leukemic cells makes them efficient immunotherapeutic agents treating leukemia. Furthermore, variations in exosomes contents make them beneficial to be used in treating different diseases. This review introduces the role of exosomes in the development of hematological malignancies and evaluates their functional role in the treatment of these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Gholipour
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parisa Sarvarian
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parisa Samadi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Talebi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Movassaghpour
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roza Motavalli
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hojjat-Farsangi
- Immune and Gene Therapy Lab, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz university of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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28
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Longjohn MN, Hudson JABJ, Smith NC, Rise ML, Moorehead PC, Christian SL. Deciphering the messages carried by extracellular vesicles in hematological malignancies. Blood Rev 2020; 46:100734. [PMID: 32736879 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized membrane-bound particles released from all living cells examined thus far. EVs can transfer information in the form of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids from donor cells to recipient cells. Here we summarize recent advances in understanding the role(s) EVs play in hematological malignancies (HM) and outline potential prognostic and diagnostic strategies using EVs. EVs have been shown to promote proliferation and angiogenesis, and alter the bone marrow microenvironment to favour the growth and survival of diverse HM. They also promote evasion of anti-cancer immune responses and increase multi-drug resistance. Using knowledge of EV biology, including HM-specific packaging of cargo, EV based diagnostics and therapeutic approaches show substantial clinical promise. However, while EVs may represent a new paradigm to solve many of the challenges in treating and/or diagnosing HM, much work is needed before they can be used clinically to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jo-Anna B J Hudson
- Discipline of Pediatrics, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada; University of Ottawa, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole C Smith
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Matthew L Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Paul C Moorehead
- Discipline of Pediatrics, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Sherri L Christian
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada.
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29
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Fernandes M, Teixeira AL, Medeiros R. The opportunistic effect of exosomes on Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma microenvironment modulation. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 144:102825. [PMID: 31734546 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.102825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a shift in the paradigm of Non-Hodgkin lymphomas, changing from the classical genetic aberration-based model to a more complex and dynamic model involving tumor microenvironment interactions. In this instance, exosomes have emerged as important mediators in intercellular communication by providing survival and proliferation signals, licensing immune evasion and acquisition of drug resistance. The capability to transfer molecular cargo made exosomes a focus of research to understand cancer pathogenesis and its progression pathways. Several studies identified exosomes transporting tumor-released components in peripheral blood and focused on understanding their clinical relevance in the diagnosis, prognostic and in monitoring cancer progression. Moreover, due to their biophysical properties and physiological function, exosomes have drawn attention as potential therapeutic target and drug delivery vehicles. This review will discuss the function of exosomes in Non-Hodgkin lymphomagenesis, highlight their potential as diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers, and as new therapeutic opportunities in lymphoma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Fernandes
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Research Department, LPCC-Portuguese League against Cancer- Northern Branch (Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro-Núcleo Regional do Norte), Estrada Interior da Circunvalação 6657, 4200-172 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Teixeira
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Research Department, LPCC-Portuguese League against Cancer- Northern Branch (Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro-Núcleo Regional do Norte), Estrada Interior da Circunvalação 6657, 4200-172 Porto, Portugal; CEBIMED, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Praça de 9 de Abril 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal.
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30
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Pinto DO, DeMarino C, Pleet ML, Cowen M, Branscome H, Al Sharif S, Jones J, Dutartre H, Lepene B, Liotta LA, Mahieux R, Kashanchi F. HTLV-1 Extracellular Vesicles Promote Cell-to-Cell Contact. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2147. [PMID: 31620104 PMCID: PMC6759572 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1) is a neglected and incurable retrovirus estimated to infect 5 to 10 million worldwide. Specific indigenous Australian populations report infection rates of more than 40%, suggesting a potential evolution of the virus with global implications. HTLV-1 causes adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), and a neurological disease named HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Even though HTLV-1 transmission primarily occurs from cell-to-cell, there is still a gap of knowledge regarding the mechanisms of viral spread and disease progression. We have recently shown that Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) ubiquitously produced by cells may be used by HTLV-1 to transport viral proteins and RNA, and elicit adverse effects on recipient uninfected cells. The viral proteins Tax and HBZ are involved in disease progression and impairment of autophagy in infected cells. Here, we show that activation of HTLV-1 via ionizing radiation (IR) causes a significant increase of intracellular Tax, but not EV-associated Tax. Also, lower density EVs from HTLV-1-infected cells, separated by an Iodixanol density gradient, are positive for gp61+++/Tax+++/HBZ+ proteins (HTLV-1 EVs). We found that HTLV-1 EVs are not infectious when tested in multiple cell lines. However, these EVs promote cell-to-cell contact of uninfected cells, a phenotype which was enhanced with IR, potentially promoting viral spread. We treated humanized NOG mice with HTLV-1 EVs prior to infection and observed an increase in viral RNA synthesis in mice compared to control (EVs from uninfected cells). Proviral DNA levels were also quantified in blood, lung, spleen, liver, and brain post-treatment with HTLV-1 EVs, and we observed a consistent increase in viral DNA levels across all tissues, especially the brain. Finally, we show direct implications of EVs in viral spread and disease progression and suggest a two-step model of infection including the release of EVs from donor cells and recruitment of recipient cells as well as an increase in recipient cell-to-cell contact promoting viral spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel O. Pinto
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Catherine DeMarino
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Michelle L. Pleet
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Maria Cowen
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Heather Branscome
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Sarah Al Sharif
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Jennifer Jones
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Helene Dutartre
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis Laboratory, INSERM U1111-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, Labex Ecofect, Lyon, France
| | | | - Lance A. Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Renaud Mahieux
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis Laboratory, INSERM U1111-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, Labex Ecofect, Lyon, France
| | - Fatah Kashanchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
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31
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Liu J, Wang X. Focus on exosomes-From pathogenic mechanisms to the potential clinical application value in lymphoma. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:19220-19228. [PMID: 31452241 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are highly specialized and functional bilayer membranous particles. They have been considered as vehicles for transporting and delivering a large number of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids (gene, noncoding RNA, DNA) from parental to recipient cells. In hematological malignancies, exosomes are involved in the tumorigenesis, including producing growth factors, hindering antitumor immunoreaction, promote inflammation, angiogenesis, and hypercoagulation. With the deepening of understanding, exosomes have ignited great interests and ever-increasing efforts into the therapeutic application among scientists, such as biomarkers, therapeutic target, drug delivery system, and vaccines. Here, we discuss the most recent studies on the functions and the emerging therapeutic applications of exosomes in lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Liu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory for Kidney Regeneration of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Emerging Role of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Pathogenesis of Haematological Malignancies. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:6854080. [PMID: 31281380 PMCID: PMC6589251 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6854080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Homoeostasis of bone marrow microenvironment depends on a precise balance between cell proliferation and death, which is supported by the cellular-extracellular matrix crosstalk. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are the key elements to provide the specialized bone marrow microenvironment by supporting, maintaining, and regulating the functions and fate of haematopoietic stem cells. Despite the great potential of MSC for cell therapy in several diseases due to their regenerative, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties, they can also contribute to modulate tumor microenvironment. The extracellular vesicles that comprise exosomes and microvesicles are important mediators of intercellular communication due to their ability to change phenotype and physiology of different cell types. These vesicles may interact not only with neighbouring cells but also with cells from distant tissues to either maintain tissue homoeostasis or participate in disease pathogenesis. This review focuses on the current knowledge about the physiological role of MSC-extracellular vesicles, as well as their deregulation in haematological malignancies and their potential applications as biomarkers for diagnosis, progression, and treatment monitoring of such diseases.
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Gargiulo E, Paggetti J, Moussay E. Hematological Malignancy-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles and Tumor Microenvironment: The Art of Turning Foes into Friends. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050511. [PMID: 31137912 PMCID: PMC6562645 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (small EVs) are commonly released by all cells, and are found in all body fluids. They are implicated in cell to cell short- and long-distance communication through the transfer of genetic material and proteins, as well as interactions between target cell membrane receptors and ligands anchored on small EV membrane. Beyond their canonical functions in healthy tissues, small EVs are strategically used by tumors to communicate with the cellular microenvironment and to establish a proper niche which would ultimately allow cancer cell proliferation, escape from the immune surveillance, and metastasis formation. In this review, we highlight the effects of hematological malignancy-derived small EVs on immune and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Gargiulo
- Tumor-Stroma Interactions, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84, val fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
| | - Jerome Paggetti
- Tumor-Stroma Interactions, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84, val fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
| | - Etienne Moussay
- Tumor-Stroma Interactions, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84, val fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
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Sharifi H, Shafiee A, Molavi G, Razi E, Mousavi N, Sarvizadeh M, Taghizadeh M. Leukemia-derived exosomes: Bringing oncogenic signals to blood cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:16307-16315. [PMID: 31127656 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Leukemia is a cancer, which is derived from leukocytes and precursors of leukocytes in the bone marrow. A large number of pivotal biological processes are linked to leukemia pathogenesis. More insights into these mechanisms can provide a better developing pharmacological platform for patients with leukemia. Among the different players in leukemia pathogenesis, exosomes have appeared as a new biological vehicle, which can transfer oncogenic signals to blood cells. Exosomes are nano-carriers, which enable transferring numerous cargos such as DNA fragments, RNAs, messenger RNAs, microRNAs, long noncoding RNA, and proteins. Targeting the contents of exosomes leads to the alteration of host cell behavior. Increasing evidence has indicated that leukemia-derived exosomes could be utilized as prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic biomarkers for individuals suffering from leukemia. In this regard, the importance of exosomes in terms of initiation and progression of leukemia was underlined in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Sharifi
- The Advocate Center for Clinical Research, Ayatollah Yasrebi Hospital, Kashan, Iran
| | - Alimohammad Shafiee
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ghader Molavi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Razi
- The Advocate Center for Clinical Research, Ayatollah Yasrebi Hospital, Kashan, Iran
| | - Nousin Mousavi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Sarvizadeh
- The Advocate Center for Clinical Research, Ayatollah Yasrebi Hospital, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Taghizadeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Li J, Tian T, Zhou X. The role of exosomal shuttle RNA (esRNA) in lymphoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 137:27-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Malloci M, Perdomo L, Veerasamy M, Andriantsitohaina R, Simard G, Martínez MC. Extracellular Vesicles: Mechanisms in Human Health and Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:813-856. [PMID: 29634347 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) are now considered veritable entities for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics. These structures are able to interact with target cells and modify their phenotype and function. Recent Advances: Since composition of EVs depends on the cell type of origin and the stimulation that leads to their release, the analysis of EV content remains an important input to understand the potential effects of EVs on target cells. CRITICAL ISSUES Here, we review recent data related to the mechanisms involved in the formation of EVs and the methods allowing specific EV isolation and identification. Also, we analyze the potential use of EVs as biomarkers in different pathologies such as diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Besides, their role in these diseases is discussed. Finally, we consider EVs enriched in microRNA or drugs as potential therapeutic cargo able to deliver desirable information to target cells/tissues. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We underline the importance of the homogenization of the parameters of isolation of EVs and their characterization, which allow considering EVs as excellent biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Malloci
- 1 INSERM UMR 1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, UNIV Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | - Liliana Perdomo
- 1 INSERM UMR 1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, UNIV Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | - Maëva Veerasamy
- 1 INSERM UMR 1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, UNIV Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | - Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina
- 1 INSERM UMR 1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, UNIV Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France.,2 Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Gilles Simard
- 1 INSERM UMR 1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, UNIV Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France.,2 Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - M Carmen Martínez
- 1 INSERM UMR 1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, UNIV Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France.,2 Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
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Ma Z, Cui X, Lu L, Chen G, Yang Y, Hu Y, Lu Y, Cao Z, Wang Y, Wang X. Exosomes from glioma cells induce a tumor-like phenotype in mesenchymal stem cells by activating glycolysis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:60. [PMID: 30770778 PMCID: PMC6377719 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1149-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exosomes are nanoscale membrane vesicles secreted by both normal and cancer cells, and cancer cell-derived exosomes play an important role in the cross-talk between cancer cells and other cellular components in the tumor microenvironment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have tropism for tumors and have been used as tumor-tropic vectors for tumor therapy; however, the safety of such therapeutic use of MSCs is unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of glioma cell-derived exosomes in the tumor-like phenotype transformation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods The effect of exosomes from U251 glioma cells on the growth of hBMSCs was evaluated with the CCK-8 assay, KI67 staining, and a cell cycle distribution assessment. The migration and invasion of hBMSCs were evaluated with a Transwell assay. A proteomics and bioinformatics approach, together with Western blotting and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, was used to investigate the effect of U251 cell-derived exosomes on the proteome of hBMSCs. Results U251 cell-derived exosomes induced a tumor-like phenotype in hBMSCs by enhancing their proliferation, migration, and invasion and altering the production of proteins involved in the regulation of the cell cycle. Moreover, U251 cell-derived exosomes promoted the production of the metastasis-related proteins MMP-2 and MMP-9, glioma marker GFAP, and CSC markers (CD133 and Nestin). The ten differentially expressed proteins identified participated in several biological processes and exhibited various molecular functions, mainly related to the inactivation of glycolysis. Western blotting showed that U251 cell-derived exosomes upregulated the levels of Glut-1, HK-2, and PKM-2, leading to the induction of glucose consumption and generation of lactate and ATP. Treatment with 2-deoxy-d-glucose significantly reversed these effects of U251 cell-derived exosomes on hBMSCs. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that glioma cell-derived exosomes activate glycolysis in hBMSCs, resulting in their tumor-like phenotype transformation. This suggests that interfering with the interaction between exosomes and hBMSCs in the tumor microenvironment has potential as a therapeutic approach for glioma. Graphical abstract ᅟ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanjun Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Xue Cui
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Li Lu
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China. .,School of Basic Medical Sciences of Lanzhou University, School of Medicine, 205 Tianshui Rd South, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
| | - Guohu Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yang Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yan Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yubao Lu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Zhangqi Cao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Xuexi Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China. .,School of Basic Medical Sciences of Lanzhou University, School of Medicine, 205 Tianshui Rd South, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
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Zhou D, Xue J, He S, Du X, Zhou J, Li C, Huang L, Nair V, Yao Y, Cheng Z. Reticuloendotheliosis virus and avian leukosis virus subgroup J synergistically increase the accumulation of exosomal miRNAs. Retrovirology 2018; 15:45. [PMID: 29970099 PMCID: PMC6029113 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-018-0427-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Co-infection with avian leukosis virus subgroup J and reticuloendotheliosis virus induces synergistic pathogenic effects and increases mortality. However, the role of exosomal miRNAs in the molecular mechanism of the synergistic infection of the two viruses remains unknown. RESULTS In this study, exosomal RNAs from CEF cells infected with ALV-J, REV or both at the optimal synergistic infection time were analysed by Illumina RNA deep sequencing. A total of 54 (23 upregulated and 31 downregulated) and 16 (7 upregulated and 9 downregulated) miRNAs were identified by comparing co-infection with two viruses, single-infected ALV-J and REV, respectively. Moreover, five key miRNAs, including miR-184-3p, miR-146a-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-3538 and miR-155, were validated in both exosomes and CEF cells by qRT-PCR. GO annotation and KEGG pathway analysis of the miRNA target genes showed that the five differentially expressed miRNAs participated in virus-vector interaction, oxidative phosphorylation, energy metabolism and cell growth. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that REV and ALV-J synergistically increased the accumulation of exosomal miRNAs, which sheds light on the synergistic molecular mechanism of ALV-J and REV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defang Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Jingwen Xue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Shuhai He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Xusheng Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Jing Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Chengui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Libo Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Venugopal Nair
- The Pirbright Institute & UK-China Centre of Excellence on Avian Disease Research, Pirbright, Ash Road, Guildford, Surrey, GU24 0NF UK
| | - Yongxiu Yao
- The Pirbright Institute & UK-China Centre of Excellence on Avian Disease Research, Pirbright, Ash Road, Guildford, Surrey, GU24 0NF UK
| | - Ziqiang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
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Abak A, Abhari A, Rahimzadeh S. Exosomes in cancer: small vesicular transporters for cancer progression and metastasis, biomarkers in cancer therapeutics. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4763. [PMID: 29868251 PMCID: PMC5983002 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression is a polygenic procedure in which the exosomes can function as substantial roles. Exosomes are tiny, phospholipid bilayer membrane nanovesicles of endocytic derivation with a diameter of 40-100 nm. These nanovesicles can transport bioactive molecules containing mRNAs, proteins, DNA fragments, and non-coding RNAs from a donor cell to recipient cells, and cause the alteration in genetic and epigenetic factors and reprogramming of the target cells. Many diverse cell types such as mesenchymal cells, immune cells, and cancer cells can induce the release of exosomes. Increasing evidence illustrated that the exosomes derived from tumor cells might trigger the tumor initiation, tumor cell growth and progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. The secreted nanovesicles of exosomes can play significant roles in cells communicate via shuttling the nucleic acid molecules and proteins to target cells and tissues. In this review, we discussed multiple mechanisms related to biogenesis, load, and shuttle of the exosomes. Also, we illustrated the diverse roles of exosomes in several types of human cancer development, tumor immunology, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The exosomes may act as the promising biomarkers for the prognosis of various types of cancers which suggested a new pathway for anti-tumor therapeutic of these nanovesicles and promoted exosome-based cancer for clinical diagnostic and remedial procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefe Abak
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Abhari
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sevda Rahimzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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40
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Extracellular Vesicles: A New Prospective in Crosstalk between Microenvironment and Stem Cells in Hematological Malignancies. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:9863194. [PMID: 29977309 PMCID: PMC5994264 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9863194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment in hematological malignancies (HMs) comprises heterogeneous populations of neoplastic and nonneoplastic cells. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), neoplastic cells, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are all components of this microenvironment. CSCs are the HM initiators and are associated with neoplastic growth and drug resistance, while HSCs are able to reconstitute the entire hematopoietic system; finally, MSCs actively support hematopoiesis. In some HMs, CSCs and neoplastic cells compromise the normal development of HSCs and perturb BM-MSCs. In response, "reprogrammed" MSCs generate a favorable environment to support neoplastic cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are an important cell-to-cell communication type in physiological and pathological conditions. In particular, in HMs, EV secretion participates to unidirectional and bidirectional interactions between neoplastic cells and BM cells. The transfer of EV molecular cargo triggers different responses in target cells; in particular, malignant EVs modify the BM environment in favor of neoplastic cells at the expense of normal HSCs, by interfering with antineoplastic immunity and participating in resistance to treatment. Here, we review the role of EVs in BM cell communication in physiological conditions and in HMs, focusing on the effects of BM niche EVs on HSCs and MSCs.
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Multiple Myeloma-Derived Exosomes Regulate the Functions of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Partially via Modulating miR-21 and miR-146a. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:9012152. [PMID: 29333170 PMCID: PMC5733127 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9012152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes derived from cancer cells can affect various functions of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) via conveying microRNAs (miRs). miR-21 and miR-146a have been demonstrated to regulate MSC proliferation and transformation. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) secreted from transformed MSCs in turn favors the survival of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. However, the effects of MM exosomes on MSC functions remain largely unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of OPM2 (a MM cell line) exosomes (OPM2-exo) on regulating the proliferation, cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) transformation, and IL-6 secretion of MSCs and determined the role of miR-21 and miR-146a in these effects. We found that OPM2-exo harbored high levels of miR-21 and miR-146a and that OPM2-exo coculture significantly increased MSC proliferation with upregulation of miR-21 and miR-146a. Moreover, OPM2-exo induced CAF transformation of MSCs, which was evidenced by increased fibroblast-activated protein (FAP), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) expressions and IL-6 secretion. Inhibition of miR-21 or miR-146a reduced these effects of OPM2-exo on MSCs. In conclusion, MM could promote the proliferation, CAF transformation, and IL-6 secretion of MSCs partially through regulating miR21 and miR146a.
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Pando A, Reagan JL, Quesenberry P, Fast LD. Extracellular vesicles in leukemia. Leuk Res 2017; 64:52-60. [PMID: 29190514 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are nano-sized membrane enclosed vehicles that are involved in cell-to-cell communication and carry cargo that is representative of the parent cell. Recent studies have highlighted the significant roles leukemia EVs play in tumor progression, and ways in which they can lead to treatment evasion, thus meriting further investigation. Leukemia EVs are involved in crosstalk between the leukemia cell and its surroundings, transforming it into a cancer favorable microenvironment. Due to the diverse biological content found in leukemia EVs, they have an assortment of effects on the cells they interact with and can be harnessed as candidates for diagnostic and therapeutic treatments. This review focuses on EVs in the context of leukemia and the means by which they modulate their microenvironment, hematopoiesis, and the immune system to facilitate malignancy. We will also address current and prospective EV-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Pando
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - John L Reagan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Peter Quesenberry
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Loren D Fast
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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Nawaz M. Extracellular vesicle-mediated transport of non-coding RNAs between stem cells and cancer cells: implications in tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. Stem Cell Investig 2017; 4:83. [PMID: 29167804 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2017.10.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed intensive progress in studying extracellular vesicles (EVs), both for understanding their basic biology and contribution to variety of diseases, biomarker discovery, and their potential as gene delivery vectors and source of innovative therapies. As such, stem cell-derived EVs have contributed significant knowledge which led to the development of cell-free therapies in regenerative medicine. Although, the role of stem cell-derived EVs in maintaining stemness, differentiation and repairing tissue injuries is relatively well-understood; however, knowledge about the contribution of stem cell-derived EVs in cancer progression is just emerging. The aim of this review is, therefore, to discuss the recent developments in stem cell-derived EVs and tumor progression, placing a particular focus on non-coding RNA (ncRNA) mediated cancer progression and resistance against therapies. This includes the failure of normal hematopoiesis and the progression of myeloid neoplasms, enhanced capacity of cancer cells to proliferate and metastasize, and the conversion of normal cells into cancer cells, activation of angiogenic pathways and dormancy in cancer cells. These processes are shared by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), cancer stem like-cells and cancer cells in an intricate intratumoral network in order to create self-strengthening tumor niche. In this context, EV-ncRNAs serve as mediators to relay bystander effects of secreting cancer stem cells (CSCs) into recipient cells for priming a tumor permissive environment and relaying therapeutic resistance. Collectively, this knowledge will improve our understandings and approaches in finding new therapeutic targets in the context of CSCs, which could be benefited through engineering EVs for innovative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Caivano A, La Rocca F, Laurenzana I, Trino S, De Luca L, Lamorte D, Del Vecchio L, Musto P. Extracellular Vesicles in Hematological Malignancies: From Biology to Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1183. [PMID: 28574430 PMCID: PMC5486006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of particles, between 15 nanometers and 10 microns in diameter, released by almost all cell types in physiological and pathological conditions, including tumors. EVs have recently emerged as particularly interesting informative vehicles, so that they could be considered a true "cell biopsy". Indeed, EV cargo, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, generally reflects the nature and status of the origin cells. In some cases, EVs are enriched of peculiar molecular cargo, thus suggesting at least a degree of specific cellular packaging. EVs are identified as important and critical players in intercellular communications in short and long distance interplays. Here, we examine the physiological role of EVs and their activity in cross-talk between bone marrow microenvironment and neoplastic cells in hematological malignancies (HMs). In these diseases, HM EVs can modify tumor and bone marrow microenvironment, making the latter "stronger" in supporting malignancy, inducing drug resistance, and suppressing the immune system. Moreover, EVs are abundant in biologic fluids and protect their molecular cargo against degradation. For these and other "natural" characteristics, EVs could be potential biomarkers in a context of HM liquid biopsy and therapeutic tools. These aspects will be also analyzed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Caivano
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 858028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy.
| | - Francesco La Rocca
- Laboratory of Clinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Laurenzana
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 858028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy.
| | - Stefania Trino
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 858028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy.
| | - Luciana De Luca
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 858028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy.
| | - Daniela Lamorte
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 858028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy.
| | - Luigi Del Vecchio
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate scarl, Federico II University, 80138 Naples, Italy.
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Pellegrino Musto
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy.
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Watanabe T. Adult T-cell leukemia: molecular basis for clonal expansion and transformation of HTLV-1-infected T cells. Blood 2017; 129:1071-1081. [PMID: 28115366 PMCID: PMC5374731 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-09-692574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is an aggressive T-cell malignancy caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) that develops through a multistep carcinogenesis process involving 5 or more genetic events. We provide a comprehensive overview of recently uncovered information on the molecular basis of leukemogenesis in ATL. Broadly, the landscape of genetic abnormalities in ATL that include alterations highly enriched in genes for T-cell receptor-NF-κB signaling such as PLCG1, PRKCB, and CARD11 and gain-of function mutations in CCR4 and CCR7 Conversely, the epigenetic landscape of ATL can be summarized as polycomb repressive complex 2 hyperactivation with genome-wide H3K27 me3 accumulation as the basis of the unique transcriptome of ATL cells. Expression of H3K27 methyltransferase enhancer of zeste 2 was shown to be induced by HTLV-1 Tax and NF-κB. Furthermore, provirus integration site analysis with high-throughput sequencing enabled the analysis of clonal composition and cell number of each clone in vivo, whereas multicolor flow cytometric analysis with CD7 and cell adhesion molecule 1 enabled the identification of HTLV-1-infected CD4+ T cells in vivo. Sorted immortalized but untransformed cells displayed epigenetic changes closely overlapping those observed in terminally transformed ATL cells, suggesting that epigenetic abnormalities are likely earlier events in leukemogenesis. These new findings broaden the scope of conceptualization of the molecular mechanisms of leukemogenesis, dissecting them into immortalization and clonal progression. These recent findings also open a new direction of drug development for ATL prevention and treatment because epigenetic marks can be reprogrammed. Mechanisms underlying initial immortalization and progressive accumulation of these abnormalities remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Watanabe
- Department of Advanced Medical Innovation, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan; and Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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