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Kim M, Gu H. Relationships between Health Education, Health Behaviors, and Health Status among Migrants in China: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on the China Migrant Dynamic Survey. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1768. [PMID: 37372886 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11121768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Managing the health of migrants has become a crucial aspect of promoting social harmony and cohesion in China. This study investigates the impact of public health education on the health status of migrants in China using cross-sectional data from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey 2017. A total of 169,989 migrants in China were selected as samples for empirical test. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, logistic regression, and the structural equation model. The findings show that health education significantly influences the health status of migrants in China. Specifically, health education related to occupational diseases, venereal diseases/AIDS, and self-rescue in public emergencies had a significant positive impact on migrants' health, while health education regarding chronic diseases had a significant negative impact. Health education delivered through lectures and bulletin boards had a significant positive impact on migrants' health, but online education had a significant negative effect on the health status of migrants. The effects of health education differ by gender and age, with a stronger positive impact on female migrants and elderly migrants aged 60 and above. The mediating effect of health behaviors was significant only in the total effect. In conclusion, health education can effectively enhance the health status of migrants in China by modifying their health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Kim
- School of Government, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Center for Health Policy and Management Research, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hai Gu
- School of Government, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Center for Health Policy and Management Research, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Ding X, Chaillon A, Pan X, Zhang J, Zhong P, He L, Chen W, Fan Q, Jiang J, Luo M, Xia Y, Guo Z, Smith DM. Characterizing genetic transmission networks among newly diagnosed HIV-1 infected individuals in eastern China: 2012-2016. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269973. [PMID: 35709166 PMCID: PMC9202869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to elucidate the characteristics of HIV molecular epidemiology and identify transmission hubs in eastern China using genetic transmission network and lineage analyses. HIV-TRACE was used to infer putative relationships. Across the range of epidemiologically-plausible genetic distance (GD) thresholds (0.1-2.0%), a sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the optimal threshold, generating the maximum number of transmission clusters and providing reliable resolution without merging different small clusters into a single large cluster. Characteristics of genetically linked individuals were analyzed using logistic regression. Assortativity (shared characteristics) analysis was performed to infer shared attributes between putative partners. 1,993 persons living with HIV-1 were enrolled. The determined GD thresholds within subtypes CRF07_BC, CRF01_AE, and B were 0.5%, 1.2%, and 1.7%, respectively, and 826 of 1,993 (41.4%) sequences were linked with at least one other sequence, forming 188 transmission clusters of 2-80 sequences. Clustering rates for the main subtypes CRF01_AE, CRF07_BC, and B were 50.9% (523/1027), 34.2% (256/749), and 32.1% (25/78), respectively. Median cluster sizes of these subtypes were 2 (2-52, n = 523), 2 (2-80, n = 256), and 3 (2-6, n = 25), respectively. Subtypes in individuals diagnosed and residing in Hangzhou city (OR = 1.423, 95% CI: 1.168-1.734) and men who have sex with men (MSM) were more likely to cluster. Assortativity analysis revealed individuals were more likely to be genetically linked to individuals from the same age group (AIage = 0.090, P<0.001) and the same area of residency in Zhejiang (AIcity = 0.078, P<0.001). Additionally, students living with HIV were more likely to be linked with students than show a random distribution (AI student = 0.740, P<0.01). These results highlight the importance of Hangzhou City in the regional epidemic and show that MSM comprise the population rapidly transmitting HIV in Zhejiang Province. We also provide a molecular epidemiology framework for improving our understanding of HIV transmission dynamics in eastern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobei Ding
- Department of AIDS and STD Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Antoine Chaillon
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Xiaohong Pan
- Department of AIDS and STD Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiafeng Zhang
- Department of AIDS and STD Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Zhong
- Department of AIDS and STD Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin He
- Department of AIDS and STD Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wanjun Chen
- Department of AIDS and STD Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qin Fan
- Department of AIDS and STD Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of AIDS and STD Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingyu Luo
- Department of AIDS and STD Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Xia
- Department of AIDS and STD Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihong Guo
- Department of AIDS and STD Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Davey M. Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America
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Middleton M, Somerset S, Evans C, Blake H. Test@Work Texts: Mobile Phone Messaging to Increase Awareness of HIV and HIV Testing in UK Construction Employees during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E7819. [PMID: 33114546 PMCID: PMC7672579 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: HIV poses a threat to global health. With effective treatment options available, education and testing strategies are essential in preventing transmission. Text messaging is an effective tool for health promotion and can be used to target higher risk populations. This study reports on the design, delivery and testing of a mobile text messaging SMS intervention for HIV prevention and awareness, aimed at adults in the construction industry and delivered during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Participants were recruited at Test@Work workplace health promotion events (21 sites, n = 464 employees), including health checks with HIV testing. Message development was based on a participatory design and included a focus group (n = 9) and message fidelity testing (n = 291) with assessment of intervention uptake, reach, acceptability, and engagement. Barriers to HIV testing were identified and mapped to the COM-B behavioural model. 23 one-way push SMS messages (19 included short web links) were generated and fidelity tested, then sent via automated SMS to two employee cohorts over a 10-week period during the COVID-19 pandemic. Engagement metrics measured were: opt-outs, SMS delivered/read, number of clicks per web link, four two-way pull messages exploring repeat HIV testing, learning new information, perceived usefulness and behaviour change. Results: 291 people participated (68.3% of eligible attendees). A total of 7726 messages were sent between March and June 2020, with 91.6% successfully delivered (100% read). 12.4% of participants opted out over 10 weeks. Of delivered messages, links were clicked an average of 14.4% times, max 24.1% for HIV related links. The number of clicks on web links declined over time (r = -6.24, p = 0.01). Response rate for two-way pull messages was 13.7% of participants. Since the workplace HIV test offer at recruitment, 21.6% reported having taken a further HIV test. Qualitative replies indicated behavioural influence of messaging on exercise, lifestyle behaviours and intention to HIV test. Conclusions: SMS messaging for HIV prevention and awareness is acceptable to adults in the construction industry, has high uptake, low attrition and good engagement with message content, when delivered during a global pandemic. Data collection methods may need refinement for audience, and effect of COVID-19 on results is yet to be understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Middleton
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK;
| | - Sarah Somerset
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2HA, UK; (S.S.); (C.E.)
| | - Catrin Evans
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2HA, UK; (S.S.); (C.E.)
| | - Holly Blake
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2HA, UK; (S.S.); (C.E.)
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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Jiang Y, Luo H, Yang F. Influences of Migrant Construction Workers' Environmental Risk Perception on their Physical and Mental Health: Evidence from China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E7424. [PMID: 33053832 PMCID: PMC7601608 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Employing Chinese General Social Survey 2013 data (N = 678), this study examines the influences of migrant construction workers' environmental risk perception (ERP) on their physical and mental health. The ERP of migrant construction workers is characterized by six dimensions: perceptions of air pollution, industrial waste pollution and noise pollution at working sites, and perceptions of domestic waste pollution, water pollution and food pollution at living sites. The results indicate that migrant construction workers with stronger ERP have better physical and mental health. The results also suggest the influences of ERP on the physical and mental health of migrant construction workers with different gender and age (<50 and ≥50 years) are heterogeneous. Perceptions of industrial waste pollution, noise pollution and domestic waste pollution significantly affect female workers' physical health, but not that of male workers. The six dimensions of ERP all significantly influence male workers' mental health, while except for domestic waste pollution perception, the other perceptions do not influence that of female workers. Perceptions of air pollution, domestic waste pollution, and water pollution significantly influence physical health of workers aged 50 and above, while those of ERP do not work on that of workers younger than 50. Perception of food pollution significantly influences mental health of workers younger than 50, but not that of workers aged 50 and above. The seemingly unrelated regression shows the results in this paper are robust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Jiang
- Department of Accounting, School of Management, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Huawei Luo
- Department of Accounting, School of Management, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Labor and Social Security, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Zhang J, Yao J, Jiang J, Pan X, Luo M, Xia Y, Fan Q, Ding X, Ruan J, Handel A, Bahl J, Chen W, Zha L, Fu T. Migration interacts with the local transmission of HIV in developed trade areas: A molecular transmission network analysis in China. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 84:104376. [PMID: 32454244 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The HIV-1 epidemic is a remarkable public health concern in China, especially in developed trade areas. We aimed to investigate the interaction of migration with the local transmission network in a typical trade area, Yiwu City, the world's largest commodity distribution center. Based on 390 pol sequences from 413 participants diagnosed between 2014 and 2016, putative transmission clusters and the underlying demographic and behavioral characteristics were analyzed. Recent infection status was determined by HIV-1 limiting antigen avidity enzyme immunoassay to identify active clusters. Multiple subtypes were identified, with a predominance of CRF01_AE (47.4%) and CRF07_BC (40.8%), followed by 9 other subtypes and 8 URFs. Multivariable analyses revealed that individuals in clusters were more likely to be local residents, infected through heterosexual behaviors, and infected with CRF01_AE (P < .05). Of men who have sex with men (MSM), 81% were linked to other MSM, and only 3% were linked to heterosexual women. Of heterosexual women, 67% were linked to heterosexual men, and 11% to MSM. Yiwu residents were more likely to link to locals than that of migrants (43% vs 20%, P < .001). By contrast, local MSM and migrant MSM all had high percentages of linkage to migrant MSM (57% vs 69%, P = .069). Our findings reveal that migration promotes the dissemination and dynamic change of HIV, which are interwoven between locals and migrants. The results highlight the far-reaching influence of migrant MSM on the local HIV transmission network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafeng Zhang
- Department of HIV/AIDS & STD control and prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Jiaming Yao
- Department of HIV/AIDS & STD control and prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of HIV/AIDS & STD control and prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Xiaohong Pan
- Department of HIV/AIDS & STD control and prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China.
| | - Mingyu Luo
- Department of HIV/AIDS & STD control and prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Yan Xia
- Department of HIV/AIDS & STD control and prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Qin Fan
- Department of HIV/AIDS & STD control and prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Xiaobei Ding
- Department of HIV/AIDS & STD control and prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Jianjun Ruan
- Yiwu Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Andreas Handel
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Health Informatics Institute, Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Justin Bahl
- Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Wanjun Chen
- Department of HIV/AIDS & STD control and prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Lianqi Zha
- Yiwu Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Tao Fu
- Yiwu Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yiwu 322000, China.
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Xu SF, Wu JQ, Yu CN, Li YY, Zhao R, Li YR, Zhou Y. The Effects of Comprehensive Sexual and Reproductive Health/Family Planning Intervention Based on Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Among the Domestic Migrant Population of Reproductive Age in China: A Randomized Community Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17062093. [PMID: 32245274 PMCID: PMC7142769 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17062093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Domestic migrant populations are highly mobilized at a sexually active age, and often fail to meet their needs for contraception. Moreover, they assume sexual and reproductive health (SRH) risks and utilize fewer family planning services. Method: A quasi-experimental trial (community intervention) was adopted. Two-stage stratified cluster sampling was applied to recruit participants in Beijing and Chongqing. A comprehensive SRH/family planning intervention was implemented from August 4 2014 to August 3 2015. Propensity score matching (PSM) and multivariate probit models were adopted. Results: In total, 2100 and 2024 eligible participants were involved, and 815 and 629 pairs were matched by PSM in Beijing and Chongqing, respectively. The knowledge and attitudes of the participants regarding SRH and contraception were significantly improved through the comprehensive intervention. Reversible contraceptive methods were the most prevalent; couples largely decided to utilize condoms and family planning services. Conclusions: The comprehensive intervention had positive effects on knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) for SRH/family planning among the domestic migrant population. The results acquired can be extrapolated to some extent, and the pattern of this intervention is well geared toward other similar settings in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Fei Xu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200035, China;
| | - Jun-Qing Wu
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai 200035, China; (Y.-Y.L.); (R.Z.); (Y.-R.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Chuan-Ning Yu
- Department of Chronic Disease, Longhua District Center for Chronic Disease Control/Mental Health, Shenzhen 510080, China;
| | - Yu-Yan Li
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai 200035, China; (Y.-Y.L.); (R.Z.); (Y.-R.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Rui Zhao
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai 200035, China; (Y.-Y.L.); (R.Z.); (Y.-R.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yi-Ran Li
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai 200035, China; (Y.-Y.L.); (R.Z.); (Y.-R.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ying Zhou
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai 200035, China; (Y.-Y.L.); (R.Z.); (Y.-R.L.); (Y.Z.)
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Koc ÖM, Damoiseaux J, van Loo IHM, Masquillier HIL, Oude Lashof AML. Case report of delayed seroprotection rather than non-response after primary three-dose hepatitis B vaccination. Vaccine 2019; 38:112-114. [PMID: 31648909 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We describe a delayed hepatitis B seroprotection 12 weeks after the primary vaccination schedule in a 57-year-old male with smoldering multiple myeloma. Based on undetectable anti-HBs antibodies 6 weeks after the third vaccination, the index person was previously considered to be a hepatitis B vaccine non-responder. Because hepatitis B vaccination started in the 1980s, many hepatitis B vaccine non-responders have received a revaccination regimen. If more cases of genuine delayed hepatitis B seroprotection surface in patients with hematologic malignancies, delayed seroprotection should be considered before the commencement of hepatitis B revaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgür M Koc
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of NUTRIM, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Gastro-Enterology and Hepatology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Schiepse Bos 6, 3600 Genk, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium.
| | - Jan Damoiseaux
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Inge H M van Loo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Heloise I L Masquillier
- Department of Hematology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Astrid M L Oude Lashof
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of NUTRIM, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Abstract
Migrants are mainly employed in “3D jobs” which are dirty, dangerous, and difficult, are characterized by monotony and intense rhythms, and are found in sectors with higher risks such as construction, heavy industry, and agriculture. The aim of this study is to construct a systematic review in order to identify the main occupational risks and occupational diseases of this category. Research included articles published from 2013 to 2018 on major online databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus), which were obtained using a combination of keywords (migrant workers, expatriates, physical health, diseases, illnesses, travel, travelers, work, and occupational medicine). The online search included 1109 references. We excluded 977 studies because they were unrelated to physical health and another 64 due to duplication. There were 68 articles which were analyzed, including six reviews and 62 original articles. The main risks which emerged are developing infectious diseases, metabolic cardiovascular diseases and manifesting a lower quality of life, in particular due to difficulties in accessing local health services. It will be crucial to implement the role of occupational medicine in order to introduce multilevel interventions designed to prevent work-related injuries and illnesses, and to promote healthier working environments.
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Lou J, Hu P, Qian HZ, Ruan Y, Jin Z, Xing H, Shao Y, Vermund SH. Expanded antiretroviral treatment, sexual networks, and condom use: Treatment as prevention unlikely to succeed without partner reduction among men who have sex with men in China. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171295. [PMID: 28406992 PMCID: PMC5390964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To project the impact of partner reduction on preventing new HIV infections among men who have sex with men (MSM) under varying conditions of enhanced HIV testing and treatment (T&T) and condom use in Beijing, China. METHODS AND FINDINGS A complex network model was fitted to predict the number of new HIV infections averted from 2014 to 2023 under four scenarios of sexual behavior risk reduction (S)-S1: Male sexual partners decrease (reduced by a random value m from 1-50) while condom use increases (risk constant p is a random value between 0.2 and 1]); S2: Both sexual partners and condom use decrease (m 1, 50; p 1, 1.8); S3: Sexual partners reduce (m 1, 10) while condom use increases or decreases (p 0.2, 1.8); S4: Only MSM with ≥100 male sexual partners reduce their partners (m 1, 50) while condom use increases (p 0.2, 1). HIV prevalence will reach 23.2% by 2023 among Beijing MSM if T&T remains at the 2013 level. The three most influential factors are: T&T coverage; partner reduction (m); and the background risk (p). Under scenarios 1-4 of sexual behavioral changes with enhanced T&T interventions, the cumulative HIV new infections prevented over the 10 years will be 46.8% for S1 (interquartile range [IQR] 32.4%, 60.1%); 29.7% for S2 (IQR 18.0%, 41.4%), 23.2% for S3 (IQR 12.2%, 37.0%) and 11.6% for S4 (IQR 4.0%, 26.6%), respectively. The reproduction number R0 could drop below 1 if there were a substantial reduction of male sexual partners and/or expanded condom use. CONCLUSION Partner reduction is a vital factor within HIV combination interventions to reduce HIV incidence among Beijing MSM, with substantial additional benefits derived from condom use. T&T without substantial partner reduction and increased condom use is less promising unless its implementation were extremely (and improbably) efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lou
- Department of Mathematics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peipei Hu
- Department of Mathematics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han-Zhu Qian
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Yuhua Ruan
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Jin
- Complex Systems Research Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hui Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Sten H. Vermund
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
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