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Williams RAJ, Sánchez-Llatas CJ, Doménech A, Madrid R, Fandiño S, Cea-Callejo P, Gomez-Lucia E, Benítez L. Emerging and Novel Viruses in Passerine Birds. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2355. [PMID: 37764199 PMCID: PMC10536639 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in emerging viruses that can cause serious or lethal disease in humans and animals. The proliferation of cloacal virome studies, mainly focused on poultry and other domestic birds, reveals a wide variety of viruses, although their pathogenic significance is currently uncertain. Analysis of viruses detected in wild birds is complex and often biased towards waterfowl because of the obvious interest in avian influenza or other zoonotic viruses. Less is known about the viruses present in the order Passeriformes, which comprises approximately 60% of extant bird species. This review aims to compile the most significant contributions on the DNA/RNA viruses affecting passerines, from traditional and metagenomic studies. It highlights that most passerine species have never been sampled. Especially the RNA viruses from Flaviviridae, Orthomyxoviridae and Togaviridae are considered emerging because of increased incidence or avian mortality/morbidity, spread to new geographical areas or hosts and their zoonotic risk. Arguably poxvirus, and perhaps other virus groups, could also be considered "emerging viruses". However, many of these viruses have only recently been described in passerines using metagenomics and their role in the ecosystem is unknown. Finally, it is noteworthy that only one third of the viruses affecting passerines have been officially recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. J. Williams
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology, School of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C. de José Antonio Nováis, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.J.S.-L.); (R.M.); (P.C.-C.); (L.B.)
- “Animal Viruses” Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (S.F.); (E.G.-L.)
| | - Christian J. Sánchez-Llatas
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology, School of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C. de José Antonio Nováis, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.J.S.-L.); (R.M.); (P.C.-C.); (L.B.)
| | - Ana Doménech
- “Animal Viruses” Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (S.F.); (E.G.-L.)
- Deparment of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Madrid
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology, School of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C. de José Antonio Nováis, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.J.S.-L.); (R.M.); (P.C.-C.); (L.B.)
- “Animal Viruses” Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (S.F.); (E.G.-L.)
| | - Sergio Fandiño
- “Animal Viruses” Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (S.F.); (E.G.-L.)
- Deparment of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Cea-Callejo
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology, School of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C. de José Antonio Nováis, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.J.S.-L.); (R.M.); (P.C.-C.); (L.B.)
- “Animal Viruses” Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (S.F.); (E.G.-L.)
| | - Esperanza Gomez-Lucia
- “Animal Viruses” Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (S.F.); (E.G.-L.)
- Deparment of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Benítez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology, School of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C. de José Antonio Nováis, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.J.S.-L.); (R.M.); (P.C.-C.); (L.B.)
- “Animal Viruses” Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (S.F.); (E.G.-L.)
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2
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Ali MZ, Moula MM, Bhuiyan ZA, Giasuddin M, Shin HJ. First Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Chicken Astrovirus and Avian Nephritis Virus in Chickens in Bangladesh. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:769489. [PMID: 34926641 PMCID: PMC8672296 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.769489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken astrovirus (CAstV) and avian nephritis virus (ANV) are enteric viruses of poultry and have infected a wide range of poultry species worldwide, causing runting-stunting syndrome (RSS), which requires virus screening and results in serious economic damage. No confirmed cases have been reported from Bangladesh. In the present study, CAstV and ANV were monitored in Bangladesh. We monitored samples for CAstV and ANV and compared their genomic sequences to other reference strains. We found 8/31 flocks (25.8%) were positive for CAstV, 6/31 flocks (19.3%) had mixed infection of CAstV and ANV, and 1 flock (3.2%) was positive for ANV. Only ANV and a combination of CAstV and ANV were found in broilers and broiler breeders, but CAstV was found in all types of chickens. We isolated two of each from CAstV and ANV through specific pathogen-free chicken embryonated eggs via the yolk sac route. Phylogenetic analysis based on the ORF1b conserved region of CAstV and ANV suggested that the locally circulating strain was closely related to the strains isolated from India and Brazil. This report is the first molecular characterization of CAstV and ANV in Bangladesh. This study highlights that CAstV and ANV are circulating in Bangladeshi poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Zulfekar Ali
- Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Zafar Ahmed Bhuiyan
- Nourish Central Poultry Laboratory, Nourish Poultry and Hatchery Ltd., Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Giasuddin
- Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hyun-Jin Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.,Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
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3
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Roach SN, Langlois RA. Intra- and Cross-Species Transmission of Astroviruses. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061127. [PMID: 34208242 PMCID: PMC8230745 DOI: 10.3390/v13061127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Astroviruses are non-enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses that infect mammalian and avian species. In humans, astrovirus infections are one of the most common causes of gastroenteritis in children. Infection has also been linked to serious neurological complications, especially in immunocompromised individuals. More extensive disease has also been characterized in non-human mammalian and avian species. To date, astroviruses have been detected in over 80 different avian and mammalian hosts. As the number of hosts continues to rise, the need to understand how astroviruses transmit within a given species as well as to new host species becomes increasingly important. Here, we review the current understanding of astrovirus transmission, the factors that influence viral spread, and the potential for cross-species transmission. Additionally, we highlight the current gaps in knowledge and areas of future research that will be key to understanding astrovirus transmission and zoonotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanley N. Roach
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Ryan A. Langlois
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Correspondence:
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Long KE, Ouckama RM, Weisz A, Brash ML, Ojkić D. White Chick Syndrome Associated with Chicken Astrovirus in Ontario, Canada. Avian Dis 2019; 62:247-258. [PMID: 29944402 DOI: 10.1637/11802-012018-case.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Sixty-four cases of white chick syndrome (WCS) in broiler breeders producing affected progeny were reported from seven hatcheries in Ontario, Canada, between 2009 and 2016, with 43 of those originating from two hatcheries owned by a single company. WCS cases were identified by the presence of typical chicks in the hatchery that were generally weak with pale to white down, enlarged abdomens, and occasionally brown wiry fluff on the dorsum of the neck. Affected embryos and chicks had characteristic gross and histologic liver lesions, and livers were positive for chicken astrovirus (CAstV) RNA by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR. Affected broiler breeder flocks experienced egg production drops of 0% to 21% and hatchability drops of 0% to 68.4%. The amino acid sequence of the region encoding the capsid gene of WCS viruses demonstrated all Ontario CAstV to be in Group B, Subgroup Bii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Long
- A Maple Leaf Foods, 70 Heritage Drive, New Hamburg, Ontario, Canada N3A 2J4
| | - Rachel M Ouckama
- B Maple Lodge Hatcheries, 101 Fox Road, Port Hope, Ontario, Canada L1A 3V6
| | - Alexandru Weisz
- C Guelph Poultry Veterinary Services, 519 Maltby Road West, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1L 1G3
| | - Marina L Brash
- D Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1H 6R8
| | - Davor Ojkić
- D Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1H 6R8
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Fernández-Correa I, Truchado DA, Gomez-Lucia E, Doménech A, Pérez-Tris J, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Cadar D, Benítez L. A novel group of avian astroviruses from Neotropical passerine birds broaden the diversity and host range of Astroviridae. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9513. [PMID: 31266971 PMCID: PMC6606752 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45889-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metagenomics is helping to expand the known diversity of viruses, especially of those with poorly studied hosts in remote areas. The Neotropical region harbors a considerable diversity of avian species that may play a role as both host and short-distance vectors of unknown viruses. Viral metagenomics of cloacal swabs from 50 Neotropical birds collected in French Guiana revealed the presence of four complete astrovirus genomes. They constitute an early diverging novel monophyletic clade within the Avastrovirus phylogeny, representing a putative new astrovirus species (provisionally designated as Avastrovirus 5) according to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) classification criteria. Their genomic organization shares some characteristics with Avastrovirus but also with Mamastrovirus. The pan-astrovirus RT-PCR analysis of the cloacal samples of 406 wild Neotropical birds showed a community-level prevalence of 4.9% (5.1% in passerines, the highest described so far in this order of birds). By screening birds of a remote region, we expanded the known host range of astroviruses to the avian families Cardinalidae, Conopophagidae, Furnariidae, Thamnophilidae, Turdidae and Tyrannidae. Our results provide important first insights into the unexplored viral communities, the ecology, epidemiology and features of host-pathogen interactions that shape the evolution of avastroviruses in a remote Neotropical rainforest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izaskun Fernández-Correa
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, José Antonio Novais, 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel A Truchado
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, José Antonio Novais, 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, José Antonio Novais, 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esperanza Gomez-Lucia
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Doménech
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Pérez-Tris
- Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, José Antonio Novais, 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institut fur Tropenmedizin, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Centre for Tropical Infectious Diseases, Bernhard-Nocht-Strasse 74, 20359, Hamburg, Germany.,University of Hamburg, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Cadar
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institut fur Tropenmedizin, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Centre for Tropical Infectious Diseases, Bernhard-Nocht-Strasse 74, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura Benítez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, José Antonio Novais, 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Influence of age and body condition on astrovirus infection of bats in Singapore: An evolutionary and epidemiological analysis. One Health 2017; 4:27-33. [PMID: 29159263 PMCID: PMC5678831 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bats are unique mammals that are reservoirs of high levels of virus diversity. Although several of these viruses are zoonotic, the majority are not. Astroviruses, transmitted fecal-orally, are commonly detected in a wide diversity of bat species, are prevalent at high rates and are not thought to directly infect humans. These features make astroviruses useful in examining virus evolutionary history, epidemiology in the host, and temporal shedding trends. Our study screened for the presence of astroviruses in bats in Singapore, reconstructed the phylogenetic relations of the polymerase genes and tested for population characteristics associated with infection. Of the seven species screened, astroviruses were detected in Rhinolophus lepidus and Eonycteris spelaea. The R. lepidus sequences grouped with other Rhinolophus astrovirus sequences from China and Laos, while the Eoncyteris sequences formed a distinct clade with astroviruses from Rousettus spp. in Laos and Pteropus giganteus in Bangladesh, but not with other E. spelaea sequences. Longitudinal collections of Eonycteris feces demonstrated variable shedding. Juvenile status of bats was a risk factor for astroviruses. This study highlights the diversity of astroviruses in nectivorous and insectivorous bats in Singapore and provides a predictive framework for understanding astrovirus infection in these bats. It also suggests that in addition to host phylogenetic relatedness, host ecology, such as roosting behavior, may drive co-infections, virus maintenance and spillover.
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Espinoza LL, Beserra LAR, Soares RM, Gregori F. Turkey Astrovirus Type 1 (TAstV-1) and Chicken Astrovirus (CAstV) Detection in Brazilian Chicken Flocks. Avian Dis 2017; 60:681-7. [PMID: 27610731 DOI: 10.1637/11403-030816-resnote.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Astrovirus is a common cause of enteritis in humans and domestic animals. Here we report the detection of turkey astrovirus type 1 (TAstV-1) and chicken astrovirus (CAstV) in avian farms. Sixty fecal sample pools (five or six birds of the same flock), from chickens without apparent clinical symptoms of enteric disease from farms located in six Brazilian states, were screened by an ORF1b PCR, followed by nucleotide sequencing of amplified products and phylogenetic analysis. Six samples tested positive for TAstV-1 and two for CAstV. One positive sample of each detected virus (TAstV-1 and CAstV) had the complete ORF2 sequenced. Data for the ORF2 sequence indicate that Brazilian TAstV-1 was divergent from TAstV-1 (United States), previously described infecting turkeys, and Brazilian CAstV clustered together with the U.K. group, subgroup B-II, associated with enteritis and growth retardation in chicks. This study provides updated information about CAstV and the first report of detection of TAstV-1 in Brazilian chickens, supporting the diagnostic of enteritis and epidemiologic surveillance in poultry health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Luna Espinoza
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP: 05508-270, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Laila A R Beserra
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP: 05508-270, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo M Soares
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP: 05508-270, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio Gregori
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP: 05508-270, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Cortez V, Meliopoulos VA, Karlsson EA, Hargest V, Johnson C, Schultz-Cherry S. Astrovirus Biology and Pathogenesis. Annu Rev Virol 2017; 4:327-348. [PMID: 28715976 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-101416-041742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Astroviruses are nonenveloped, positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses that cause gastrointestinal illness. Although a leading cause of pediatric diarrhea, human astroviruses are among the least characterized enteric RNA viruses. However, by using in vitro methods and animal models to characterize virus-host interactions, researchers have discovered several important properties of astroviruses, including the ability of the astrovirus capsid to act as an enterotoxin, disrupting the gut epithelial barrier. Improved animal models are needed to study this phenomenon, along with the pathogenesis of astroviruses, particularly in those strains that can cause extraintestinal disease. Much like for other enteric viruses, the current dogma states that astroviruses infect in a species-specific manner; however, this assumption is being challenged by growing evidence that these viruses have potential to cross species barriers. This review summarizes these remarkable facets of astrovirus biology, highlighting critical steps toward increasing our understanding of this unique enteric pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Cortez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105; , , , , ,
| | - Victoria A Meliopoulos
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105; , , , , ,
| | - Erik A Karlsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105; , , , , ,
| | - Virginia Hargest
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105; , , , , , .,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Cydney Johnson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105; , , , , ,
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105; , , , , ,
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Donato C, Vijaykrishna D. The Broad Host Range and Genetic Diversity of Mammalian and Avian Astroviruses. Viruses 2017; 9:v9050102. [PMID: 28489047 PMCID: PMC5454415 DOI: 10.3390/v9050102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Astroviruses are a diverse family of viruses that infect a wide range of mammalian and avian hosts. Here we describe the phylogenetic diversity and current classification methodology of astroviruses based on the ORF1b and ORF2 genes, highlighting the propensity of astroviruses to undergo interspecies transmission and genetic recombination which greatly increase diversity and complicate attempts at a unified and comprehensive classification strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Donato
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia.
| | - Dhanasekaran Vijaykrishna
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia.
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
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Liu N, Jiang M, Wang M, Wang F, Zhang B, Zhang D. Isolation and detection of duck astrovirus CPH: implications for epidemiology and pathogenicity. Avian Pathol 2017; 45:221-7. [PMID: 26814629 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2016.1143549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The transmission routes of duck astrovirus CPH (DAstV/CPH) and its pathogenicity in duck embryos were investigated. Using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) developed in this study, DAstV/CPH was detected in 23/50 fresh droppings of breeder ducks, 39/65 breeding eggs, 26/31 dead embryos, and 6/10 newly hatched ducklings, which were taken from a Pekin duck farm where DAstV/CPH had previously been identified. This finding, and the detection of DAstV/CPH in 36/130 dead-in-shell duck embryo samples collected from different hatcheries located in six provinces, suggests that the virus may be horizontally and vertically transmitted and associated with hatchability problems. Inoculation and repeated passages in embryonating duck eggs resulted in isolation of DAstV/CPH. The virus caused severe chorioallantoic membrane lesions as well as growth retardation and embryo mortality, indicating that DAstV/CPH is pathogenic for duck embryos. The effect of DAstV/CPH on hatching was confirmed by an embryo infection experiment in which 8/10 9-day-old duck embryos inoculated with the third passage of DAstV/CPH were unable to hatch, with most embryos succumbing in the final stage of incubation. The use of RT-PCR on the hatched ducklings provided evidence that the embryos could develop into infected ducklings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- a Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Jiang
- a Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Minghang Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Fumin Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , Beijing , People's Republic of China
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Vu DL, Cordey S, Brito F, Kaiser L. Novel human astroviruses: Novel human diseases? J Clin Virol 2016; 82:56-63. [PMID: 27434149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Astroviruses are small, non-enveloped, single-stranded positive RNA viruses that belong to the Astroviridae family. While classical human astroviruses (HAstV) are a well-recognized cause of acute non-bacterial diarrhea among young children worldwide, novel astroviruses, named HAstV-MLB and HAstV-VA/HMO, have been identified recently in humans by molecular assays. They are phylogenetically more related to animal astroviruses than to classical human astroviruses, thus suggesting cross-species transmission. Serological studies demonstrated a surprisingly high seroprevalence in certain populations and highlighted a high infection rate in the early years of life. Although their pathogenic role has not yet been clearly determined, novel astrovirus RNA sequences have been identified in different biological specimens of symptomatic patients, including the feces, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain biopsies. Thus, there is evidence that they could contribute not only to digestive tract infection, but also to unexpected clinical syndromes, notably encephalitis and meningitis. Severe infections affect mainly immunocompromised patients. These findings indicate that novel astroviruses should be considered in the differential diagnosis of immunocompromised patients with meningitis or encephalitis of unknown origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diem-Lan Vu
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine and Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Geneva Hospitals, 4 Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland; University of Geneva Medical School, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Samuel Cordey
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine and Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Geneva Hospitals, 4 Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland; University of Geneva Medical School, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Francisco Brito
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Geneva Medical School, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine and Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Geneva Hospitals, 4 Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland; University of Geneva Medical School, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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