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Ryu MS, Yue Y, Li C, Yang HJ, Zhang T, Wu X, Jeong DY, Park S. Moderate capsaicin-containing kochujang alleviates memory impairment through the gut-brain axis in rats with scopolamine-induced amnesia. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117091. [PMID: 39024840 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the efficacy and mechanism of traditionally made kochujang(TMK) with different capsaicin levels to alleviate memory impairment in rats with scopolamine-induced amnesia. Sprague-Dawley male rats were administered scopolamine (2 mg/kg bw/day) intraperitoneally to suppress the parasympathetic nervous system(PNS) and induce memory impairment. The rats were divided into four experimental groups, each consuming a diet containing 1 % kochujang in a 43-energy% high-fat diet(HFD) for 8 weeks. The TMK samples used for the study were categorized according to their capsaicin(CPS) content as follows: Low-CPS(0.5 mg%), medium-CPS(1.2 mg%), and high-CPS(1.7 mg%). In addition, factory-made kochujang (FMK; 1.1 mg% capsaicin) was also tested. The effects of kochujang were compared with the Control group(scopolamine), Positive-control(scopolamine+donepezil), and Normal-control(saline) fed HFD. Kochujang consumption reduced body weight and fat mass compared to the Control group. Compared to the Control, memory function measured using passive avoidance, water maze, and novel object recognition tests was enhanced in kochujang-fed rats, especially in the Medium-CPS group, similar to Positive-control. The Medium-CPS and Positive-control groups also exhibited inhibition of hippocampal cell death and increased cholesterol and triglyceride contents and mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-1β in the brain tissue compared to the Control group. Additionally, TMK elevated short-chain fatty acid, particularly, butyrate concentration in the portal vein. Scopolamine disturbed large intestine cell morphology and gut microbiota composition, and kochujang improved them. Kochujang in the medium-CPS (1.2 mg%) had a more significant impact on the gut microbiota in the interaction analysis between gut microbiota and memory function. In conclusion, kochujang, especially with medium-CPS (1.2 mg%), is a potential dietary intervention to mitigate memory impairment and promote overall cognitive health through improving eubiosis, potentially linked to the gut-brain axis in PNS-suppressed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong Seon Ryu
- Dept. of R & D, Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry, Sunchang-Gun, South Korea
| | - Yu Yue
- Korea Dept. of Bioconvergence, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Chen Li
- Korea Dept. of Bioconvergence, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Hee-Jong Yang
- Dept. of R & D, Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry, Sunchang-Gun, South Korea
| | - Ting Zhang
- Korea Dept. of Bioconvergence, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Xuangao Wu
- Korea Dept. of Bioconvergence, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Do Yeon Jeong
- Dept. of R & D, Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry, Sunchang-Gun, South Korea.
| | - Sunmin Park
- Korea Dept. of Bioconvergence, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea; Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea.
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Alkanad M, Hani U, V AH, Ghazwani M, Haider N, Osmani RAM, M D P, Hamsalakshmi, Bhat R. Bitter yet beneficial: The dual role of dietary alkaloids in managing diabetes and enhancing cognitive function. Biofactors 2024; 50:634-673. [PMID: 38169069 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
With the rising prevalence of diabetes and its association with cognitive impairment, interest in the use of dietary alkaloids and other natural products has grown significantly. Understanding how these compounds manage diabetic cognitive dysfunction (DCD) is crucial. This comprehensive review explores the etiology of DCD and the effects of alkaloids in foods and dietary supplements that have been investigated as DCD therapies. Data on how dietary alkaloids like berberine, trigonelline, caffeine, capsaicin, 1-deoxynojirimycin, nuciferine, neferine, aegeline, tetramethylpyrazine, piperine, and others regulate cognition in diabetic disorders were collected from PubMed, Research Gate, Web of Science, Science Direct, and other relevant databases. Dietary alkaloids could improve memory in behavioral models and modulate the mechanisms underlying the cognitive benefits of these compounds, including their effects on glucose metabolism, gut microbiota, vasculopathy, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Evidence suggests that dietary alkaloids hold promise for improving cognition in diabetic patients and could open exciting avenues for future research in diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged Alkanad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, Mandya, India
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Annegowda H V
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, Mandya, India
| | - Mohammed Ghazwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazima Haider
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyaz Ali M Osmani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Pandareesh M D
- Center for Research and Innovations, Adichunchanagiri University, BGSIT, Mandya, India
| | - Hamsalakshmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Cauvery College of Pharmacy, Cauvery Group of Institutions, Mysuru, India
| | - Rajeev Bhat
- ERA-Chair in Food By-Products Valorisation Technologies (VALORTECH), Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
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Long J, Qin F, Luo J, Zhong G, Huang S, Jing L, Yi T, Liu J, Jiang N. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel capsaicin-tacrine hybrids as multi-target agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107026. [PMID: 38103330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel hybrid compounds were designed, synthesized, and utilized as multi-target drugs to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD) by connecting capsaicin and tacrine moieties. The biological assays indicated that most of these compounds demonstrated strong inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activities with IC50 values in the nanomolar, as well as good blood-brain barrier permeability. Among the synthesized hybrids, compound 5s displayed the most balanced inhibitory effect on hAChE (IC50 = 69.8 nM) and hBuChE (IC50 = 68.0 nM), and exhibited promising inhibitory activity against β-secretase-1 (BACE-1) (IC50 = 3.6 µM). Combining inhibition kinetics and molecular model analysis, compound 5s was shown to be a mixed inhibitor affecting both the catalytic active site (CAS) and peripheral anionic site (PAS) of hAChE. Additionally, compound 5s showed low toxicity in PC12 and BV2 cell assays. Moreover, compound 5s demonstrated good tolerance at the dose of up to 2500 mg/kg and exhibited no hepatotoxicity at the dose of 3 mg/kg in mice, and it could effectively improve memory ability in mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that compound 5s is a promising and effective multi-target agent for the potential treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanyue Long
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China
| | - Fengxue Qin
- Blood Transfusion Department, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University For Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, PR China
| | - Jinchong Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Guohui Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China
| | - Shutong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China
| | - Lin Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China
| | - Tingzhuang Yi
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University For Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, PR China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China.
| | - Neng Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China.
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Abdel-Salam OME, Mózsik G. Capsaicin, The Vanilloid Receptor TRPV1 Agonist in Neuroprotection: Mechanisms Involved and Significance. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:3296-3315. [PMID: 37493882 PMCID: PMC10514110 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03983-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Hot peppers, also called chilli, chilli pepper, or paprika of the plant genus Capsicum (family Solanaceae), are one of the most used vegetables and spices worldwide. Capsaicin (8-methyl N-vanillyl-6-noneamide) is the main pungent principle of hot green and red peppers. By acting on the capsaicin receptor or transient receptor potential cation channel vanilloid subfamily member 1 (TRPV1), capsaicin selectively stimulates and in high doses defunctionalizes capsaicin-sensitive chemonociceptors with C and Aδ afferent fibers. This channel, which is involved in a wide range of neuronal processes, is expressed in peripheral and central branches of capsaicin-sensitive nociceptive neurons, sensory ganglia, the spinal cord, and different brain regions in neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, astrocytes, and pericytes. Several experimental and clinical studies provided evidence that capsaicin protected against ischaemic or excitotoxic cerebral neuronal injury and may lower the risk of cerebral stroke. By preventing neuronal death, memory impairment and inhibiting the amyloidogenic process, capsaicin may also be beneficial in neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's or Alzheimer's diseases. Capsaicin given in systemic inflammation/sepsis exerted beneficial antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects while defunctionalization of capsaicin-sensitive vagal afferents has been demonstrated to increase brain oxidative stress. Capsaicin may act in the periphery via the vagal sensory fibers expressing TRPV1 receptors to reduce immune oxidative and inflammatory signalling to the brain. Capsaicin given in small doses has also been reported to inhibit the experimentally-induced epileptic seizures. The aim of this review is to provide a concise account on the most recent findings related to this topic. We attempted to delineate such mechanisms by which capsaicin exerts its neuronal protective effects. We also aimed to provide the reader with the current knowledge on the mechanism of action of capsaicin on sensory receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar M E Abdel-Salam
- Department of Toxicology and Narcotics, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Gyula Mózsik
- First Department of Medicine, Medical and Health Centre, University of Pécs, H-9724, Pecs, Hungary
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Abdel-Salam OM, El-Sayed El-Shamarka M, Youness ER, Shaffie N. Protective effect of hot peppers against amyloid β peptide and brain injury in AlCl 3-induced Alzheimer's disease in rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:335-342. [PMID: 36865040 PMCID: PMC9922365 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.67871.14845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Objectives This study investigated the therapeutic effect of red hot pepper (Capsicum annuum) methanolic extract in induced Alzheimer's disease using AlCl3 in male rats. Materials and Methods Rats were injected with AlCl3 intraperitoneally (IP) daily for two months. Starting from the 2nd month of AlCl3, rats received, in addition, IP treatments with Capsicum extract (25 and 50 mg/kg) or saline. Other groups received only saline or Capsicum extract at 50 mg/kg for two months. Brain levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined. Additionally, paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity, interleukin-6 (IL-6), Aβ-peptide, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) concentrations in the brain were measured. Behavioral testing included wire-hanging tests for neuromuscular strength and memory tests such as Y-maze and Morris water maze. Histopathology of the brain was also done. Results Compared with saline-treated rats, AlCl3 caused significant elevation of brain oxidative stress as GSH level and PON-1 activity were depleted along with MDA and NO level elevation in the brain. There were also significant increases in brain Aβ-peptide, IL-6, and AChE levels. Behavioral testing indicated that AlCl3 decreased neuromuscular strength and impaired memory performance. Capsicum extract given to AlCl3-treated rats significantly alleviated oxidative stress and decreased Aβ-peptide and IL-6 in the brain. It also improved grip strength and memory functioning and prevented neuronal degeneration in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and substantia nigra of AlCl3-treated rats. Conclusion Short-term administration of ASA (50 mg/kg) has adverse effects on male reproductive function in mice. Co-administration of melatonin protects against ASA-induced impairment of male reproductive function by preventing the reduction in serum TAC and testosterone levels seen with ASA treatment alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar M.E. Abdel-Salam
- Department of Toxicology and Narcotics, Medical Research, and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt ,Corresponding author: Omar M.E. Abdel-Salam. Department of Toxicology and Narcotics, National Research Centre, Tahrir Street, Dokki Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Marwa El-Sayed El-Shamarka
- Department of Toxicology and Narcotics, Medical Research, and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman R Youness
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Research, and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermeen Shaffie
- Department of Pathology, Medical Research, and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Othman MA, Fadel R, Tayem Y, Jaradat A, Rashid A, Fatima A, Al-Mahameed AE, Nasr El-Din WA. Caffeine protects against hippocampal alterations in type 2 diabetic rats via modulation of gliosis, inflammation and apoptosis. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 392:443-466. [PMID: 36577880 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03735-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is implicated in the injury of several organs, including the brain resulting in neuronal damage, which may lead to cognitive impairment and dementia. Additionally, it is linked to inflammation, cytokine release, apoptosis and various degenerative conditions. Astrocytes and microglia might have a role in mediating these processes. Caffeine, a psychoactive beverage, has been shown to reduce the risk of cognitive and memory impairment. This study proposes anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic role of caffeine, which can be mediated via microglia/astrocyte activation and overexpression of pro-inflammatory molecules. T2D was induced in rats by feeding with high fat high sugar diet and injecting a single low dose streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneally. Other diabetic rats were given caffeine orally (in two doses) for 5 weeks, starting 1 week before STZ injection. Measurement of plasma cytokines, TNFα and IL6, was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. After sacrificing animals, brains were obtained and processed for histological evaluation. Immunohistochemistry was also performed using the following primary antibodies, anti-astrocyte marker GFAP, anti-microglia marker CD11b and apoptotic marker (anti-cleaved caspase-3). There was upregulation of IL6 and TNF-α in diabetic rats. Additionally, histological evaluation of the hippocampus of diabetic rats revealed cellular degeneration. There was increased immunostaining of GFAP, CD11b and cleaved caspase-3 in diabetic rats. Pretreatment with caffeine to diabetic rats, resulted in improvement of structural changes and decrease in cytokine levels and immuno-markers, expression, and this was in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, caffeine had an ameliorative role in enhancing hippocampal degenerative changes in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal A Othman
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, P.O. Box 26671, Manama, Bahrain
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Raouf Fadel
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, P.O. Box 26671, Manama, Bahrain
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Yasin Tayem
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Ahmed Jaradat
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Aisha Rashid
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, P.O. Box 26671, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Ayesha Fatima
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, P.O. Box 26671, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Ali E Al-Mahameed
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Wael Amin Nasr El-Din
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, P.O. Box 26671, Manama, Bahrain.
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
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Zhang T, Wu X, Yuan H, Huang S, Park S. Mitigation of Memory Impairment with Fermented Fucoidan and λ-Carrageenan Supplementation through Modulating the Gut Microbiota and Their Metagenome Function in Hippocampal Amyloid-β Infused Rats. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152301. [PMID: 35892598 PMCID: PMC9367263 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Attenuating acetylcholinesterase and insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling in the hippocampus is associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) development. Fucoidan and carrageenan are brown and red algae, respectively, with potent antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiviral activities. This study examined how low-molecular-weight (MW) and high-MW fucoidan and λ-carrageenan would improve memory impairment in Alzheimer’s disease-induced rats caused by an infusion of toxic amyloid-β(Aβ). Fucoidan and λ-carrageenan were dissected into low-MW by Luteolibacter algae and Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora. Rats receiving an Aβ(25–35) infusion in the CA1 region of the hippocampus were fed dextrin (AD-Con), 1% high-MW fucoidan (AD-F-H), 1% low-MW fucoidan (AD-F-L), 1% high-MW λ-carrageenan (AD-C-H), and 1% low-MW λ-carrageenan (AD-C-L) for six weeks. Rats to receive saline infusion (Normal-Con) had an AD-Con diet. The AD-F-L group showed an improved memory function, which manifested as an enhanced Y-maze spontaneous alternation test, water maze, and passive avoidance tests, similar to the Normal-Con group. AD-F-L also potentiated hippocampal insulin signaling and increased the expression of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus. AD-C-L improved the memory function mainly by increasing the BDNF content. AD-F-H and AD-C-H did not improve the memory function. Compared to AD-Con, the ascending order of AD-C-H, AD-F-H, AD-C-L, and AD-F-L increased insulin signaling by enhancing the pSTAT3→pAkt→pGSK-3β pathway. AD-F-L improved glucose tolerance the most. Compared to AD-CON, the AD-F-L treatment increased the serum acetate concentrations and compensated for the defect of cerebral glucose metabolism. AD-Con increased Clostridium, Terrisporobacter and Sporofaciens compared to Normal-Con, and AD-F-L and AD-C-L increased Akkermentia. In conclusion, AD-F-L and AD-C-L alleviated the memory function in the rats with induced AD symptoms by modulating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Bioconvergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (T.Z.); (X.W.); (H.Y.); (S.H.)
| | - Xuangao Wu
- Department of Bioconvergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (T.Z.); (X.W.); (H.Y.); (S.H.)
| | - Heng Yuan
- Department of Bioconvergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (T.Z.); (X.W.); (H.Y.); (S.H.)
| | - Shaokai Huang
- Department of Bioconvergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (T.Z.); (X.W.); (H.Y.); (S.H.)
| | - Sunmin Park
- Department of Bioconvergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (T.Z.); (X.W.); (H.Y.); (S.H.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-540-5633; Fax: +82-41-540-5638
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Tyagi S, Shekhar N, Thakur AK. Protective Role of Capsaicin in Neurological Disorders: An Overview. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1513-1531. [PMID: 35150419 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03549-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Different pathological conditions that begin with slow and progressive deformations, cause irreversible affliction by producing loss of neurons and synapses. Commonly it is referred to as 'protein misfolding' diseases or proteinopathies and comprises the latest definition of neurological disorders (ND). Protein misfolding dynamics, proteasomal dysfunction, aggregation, defective degradation, oxidative stress, free radical formation, mitochondrial dysfunctions, impaired bioenergetics, DNA damage, neuronal Golgi apparatus fragmentation, axonal transport disruption, Neurotrophins (NTFs) dysfunction, neuroinflammatory or neuroimmune processes, and neurohumoral changes are the several mechanisms that embark the pathogenesis of ND. Capsaicin (8-Methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) one of the major phenolic components in chili peppers (Capsicum) distinctively triggers the unmyelinated C-fiber and acts on Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid-1, which is a Ca2+ permeable, non-selective cation channel. Several studies have shown the neuroprotective role of capsaicin against oxidative damage, behavioral impairment, with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced Parkinson's disease, pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures, global cerebral ischemia, and streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer's disease. Based on these lines of evidence, capsaicin can be considered as a potential constituent to develop suitable neuro-pharmacotherapeutics for the management and treatment of ND. Furthermore, exploring newer horizons and carrying out proper clinical trials would help to bring out the promising effects of capsaicin to be recommended as a neuroprotectant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Tyagi
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110 017, India
| | - Nikhila Shekhar
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110 017, India
| | - Ajit Kumar Thakur
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110 017, India.
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Liang W, Lan Y, Chen C, Song M, Xiao J, Huang Q, Cao Y, Ho CT, Lu M. Modulating effects of capsaicin on glucose homeostasis and the underlying mechanism. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-19. [PMID: 34657531 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1991883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal glucose homeostasis is linked to a variety of metabolic syndromes, such as insulin resistance, obesity, type-2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Maintenance of normal glucose homeostasis is important for the body to keep normal biological functions. As the major bioactive ingredient in chili peppers responsible for the pungent flavor, capsaicin has been reported to effectively improve glucose homeostasis with low cytotoxicity. In this review, the modulating effects of capsaicin on glucose homeostasis in cell models, animal models and human trials are summarized through both TRPV1 dependent and TRPV1 independent pathways. The relevant molecular mechanisms underlying its regulatory effects are also evaluated. Understanding the effects and mechanisms of capsaicin on glucose metabolism could provide theoretical evidence for its application in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxia Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqi Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengyu Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyue Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingrong Huang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Muwen Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Foshati S, Moradi S, Tavassoly M, Rouhani MH. Short- and long-term effects of capsaicin supplementation on glycemic control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials. Food Funct 2021; 12:5236-5246. [PMID: 33998636 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00595b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Animal studies have shown that capsaicin exerts beneficial effects on glucose metabolism. However, the findings of human studies are contradictory. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials to assess the effect of capsaicin administration on glycemic indices. METHODS Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched from the database inception to January 14, 2021. The weighted (WMD) or standardized (SMD) mean difference with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using a random-effects model. RESULTS Fourteen trials were included in this study. Long-term capsaicin supplementation did not show significant effects on fasting blood glucose (WMD: 0.03 mmol L-1, 95% CI: -0.05 to 0.12, I2 = 40.5%) and fasting insulin (SMD: 0.09, 95% CI: -0.04 to 0.22, I2 = 0.0%). Short-term capsaicin supplementation had no significant effects on 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (WMD: 0.06 mmol L-1, 95% CI: -0.34 to 0.47, I2 = 92.5%) and 2-hour postprandial insulin (WMD: 1.70 μIU mL-1, 95% CI: -3.46 to 6.86, I2 = 72.4%). Subgroup analysis revealed that the dose and ingestion form of capsaicin could be sources of between-study heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS Capsaicin supplementation seems to have neither acute nor chronic beneficial or detrimental effects on blood glucose and insulin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Foshati
- Food Security Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sajjad Moradi
- Food Security Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Tavassoly
- Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Rouhani
- Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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11
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Pannangrong W, Welbat JU, Chaichun A, Sripanidkulchai B. Effect of combined extracts of aged garlic, ginger, and chili peppers on cognitive performance and brain antioxidant markers in Aβ-induced rats. Exp Anim 2020; 69:269-278. [PMID: 32051390 PMCID: PMC7445057 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.19-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A combination of aged garlic, ginger, and chili peppers extracts (AGC) was studied by high-performance liquid chromatography, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, and ferric-reducing antioxidant assays, and oxidative stress markers were analyzed in Aβ1-42-induced rats. The AGC was orally administered to Wistar rats at doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg body weight (AGC125, AGC250, AGC500, respectively) for 64 days. At day 56, Aβ1-42 was injected via both sides of the lateral ventricles. The effects of the AGC on spatial and recognition memory were examined using a Morris water maze and novel object recognition tasks. Rats induced with Aβ1-42 exhibited obvious cognitive deficits, as demonstrated by their increased escape latency time (ET) and decreased retention time (RT) and percentage of discriminative index (DI). When compared with the control group, all AGC-treated rats showed significantly shorter ETs and higher DIs during the 5-min delay testing phase. Rats treated with AGC250 also had significantly longer RTs. Administration of Aβ1-42 significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels in the rat brain homogenate. Pretreatment with the AGC caused significant increases in SOD, GPx, and CAT activities, as well as a significant decrease in MDA in the rat brain homogenates after Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. Our results suggested that an AGC may ameliorate cognitive dysfunction in Aβ-treated rats due to its role in the upregulation of SOD, GPx, and CAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanassanun Pannangrong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 123 Moo 16 Mittraphap Road, Nai-Muang, Muang District, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, 123 Moo 16 Mittraphap Road, Nai-Muang, Muang District, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jariya Umka Welbat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 123 Moo 16 Mittraphap Road, Nai-Muang, Muang District, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, 123 Moo 16 Mittraphap Road, Nai-Muang, Muang District, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Neuroscience Research and Development Group, Khon Kaen University, 123 Moo 16 Mittraphap Road, Nai-Muang, Muang District, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Amnard Chaichun
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 123 Moo 16 Mittraphap Road, Nai-Muang, Muang District, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Bungorn Sripanidkulchai
- Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, 123 Moo 16 Mittraphap Road, Nai-Muang, Muang District, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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12
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Jash K, Gondaliya P, Kirave P, Kulkarni B, Sunkaria A, Kalia K. Cognitive dysfunction: A growing link between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Drug Dev Res 2020; 81:144-164. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Jash
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad Gandhinagar Gujarat India
| | - Piyush Gondaliya
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad Gandhinagar Gujarat India
| | - Prathibha Kirave
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad Gandhinagar Gujarat India
| | - Bhagyashri Kulkarni
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad Gandhinagar Gujarat India
| | - Aditya Sunkaria
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad Gandhinagar Gujarat India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad Gandhinagar Gujarat India
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Shalaby MA, Nounou HA, Deif MM. The potential value of capsaicin in modulating cognitive functions in a rat model of streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer’s disease. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-019-0094-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Shi Z, El-Obeid T, Riley M, Li M, Page A, Liu J. High Chili Intake and Cognitive Function among 4582 Adults: An Open Cohort Study over 15 Years. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1183. [PMID: 31137805 PMCID: PMC6566199 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to examine the association between chili intake and cognitive function in Chinese adults. This is a longitudinal study of 4852 adults (age 63.4 ± 7.7) attending the China Health and Nutrition Survey during 1991 and 2006. Cognitive function was assessed in 1997, 2000, 2004 and 2006. In total, 3302 completed cognitive screening tests in at least two surveys. Chili intake was assessed by a 3-day food record during home visits in each survey between 1991 and 2006. Multivariable mixed linear regression and logistic regression were used. Chili intake was inversely related to cognitive function. In fully adjusted models, including sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, compared with non-consumers, those whose cumulative average chili intake above 50 g/day had the regression coefficients (and 95% CI) for global cognitive function of -1.13 (-1.71-0.54). Compared with non-consumers, those with chili consumption above 50 g/day had the odds ratio (and 95% CI) of 2.12(1.63-2.77), 1.56(1.23-1.97) for self-reported poor memory and self-reported memory decline, respectively. The positive association between chili intake and cognitive decline was stronger among those with low BMI than those with high BMI. The longitudinal data indicate that higher chili intake is positively associated with cognitive decline in Chinese adults in both genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zumin Shi
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Science, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Tahra El-Obeid
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Science, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Malcolm Riley
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Ming Li
- Centre for Population Health Research, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia; Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Amanda Page
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Jianghong Liu
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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15
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Panchal SK, Bliss E, Brown L. Capsaicin in Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2018; 10:E630. [PMID: 29772784 PMCID: PMC5986509 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin, the major active constituent of chilli, is an agonist on transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1 (TRPV1). TRPV1 is present on many metabolically active tissues, making it a potentially relevant target for metabolic interventions. Insulin resistance and obesity, being the major components of metabolic syndrome, increase the risk for the development of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In vitro and pre-clinical studies have established the effectiveness of low-dose dietary capsaicin in attenuating metabolic disorders. These responses of capsaicin are mediated through activation of TRPV1, which can then modulate processes such as browning of adipocytes, and activation of metabolic modulators including AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). Modulation of these pathways by capsaicin can increase fat oxidation, improve insulin sensitivity, decrease body fat, and improve heart and liver function. Identifying suitable ways of administering capsaicin at an effective dose would warrant its clinical use through the activation of TRPV1. This review highlights the mechanistic options to improve metabolic syndrome with capsaicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Panchal
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba QLD 4350, Australia.
| | - Edward Bliss
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba QLD 4350, Australia.
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba QLD 4350, Australia.
| | - Lindsay Brown
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba QLD 4350, Australia.
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba QLD 4350, Australia.
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16
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Nagy Z, Daood H, Koncsek A, Molnár H, Helyes L. The simultaneous determination of capsaicinoids, tocopherols, and carotenoids in pungent pepper powder. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2017.1297722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsa Nagy
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Horticulture, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Hussein Daood
- Regional Knowledge Centre, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | | | - Helga Molnár
- Food Science Research Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lajos Helyes
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Horticulture, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary
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17
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Capsaicin reduces Alzheimer-associated tau changes in the hippocampus of type 2 diabetes rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172477. [PMID: 28225806 PMCID: PMC5321461 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a high-risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) due to impaired insulin signaling pathway in brain. Capsaicin is a specific transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) agonist which was proved to ameliorate insulin resistance. In this study, we investigated whether dietary capsaicin could reduce the risk of AD in T2D. T2D rats were fed with capsaicin-containing high fat (HF) diet for 10 consecutive days (T2D+CAP). Pair-fed T2D rats (T2D+PF) fed with the HF-diet of average dose of T2D+CAP group were included to control for the effects of reduced food intake and body weight. Capsaicin-containing standard chow was also introduced to non-diabetic rats (NC+CAP). Blood glucose and insulin were monitored. The phosphorylation level of tau at individual sites, the activities of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) were analyzed by Western blots. The results revealed that the levels of phosphorylated tau protein at sites Ser199, Ser202 and Ser396 in hippocampus of T2D+CAP group were decreased significantly, but these phospho-sites in T2D+PF group didn’t show such improvements compared with T2D group. There were almost no changes in non-diabetic rats on capsaicin diet (NC+CAP) compared with the non-diabetic rats with normal chow (NC). Increased activity of PI3K/AKT and decreased activity of GSK-3β were detected in hippocampus of T2D+CAP group compared with T2D group, and these changes did not show in T2D+PF group either. These results demonstrated that dietary capsaicin appears to prevent the hyperphosphorylation of AD-associated tau protein by increasing the activity of PI3K/AKT and inhibiting GSK-3β in hippocampus of T2D rats, which supported that dietary capsaicin might have a potential use for the prevention of AD in T2D.
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18
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Aftab MF, Afridi SK, Mughal UR, Karim A, Haleem DJ, Kabir N, Khan KM, Hafizur RM, Waraich RS. New isatin derivative inhibits neurodegeneration by restoring insulin signaling in brain. J Chem Neuroanat 2017; 81:1-9. [PMID: 28093241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with neurodegeneration. Glycation ensues in diabetes and glycated proteins cause insulin resistance in brain resulting in amyloid plaques and NFTs. Also glycation enhances gliosis by promoting neuroinflammation. Currently there is no therapy available to target neurodegenration in brain therefore, development of new therapy that offers neuroprotection is critical. The objective of this study was to evaluate mechanistic effect of isatin derivative URM-II-81, an anti-glycation agent for improvement of insulin action in brain and inhibition of neurodegenration. Methylglyoxal induced stress was inhibited by treatment with URM-II-81. Also, Ser473 and Ser9 phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β respectively were restored by URM-II-81. Effect of URM-II-81 on axonal integrity was studied by differentiating Neuro2A using retinoic acid. URM-II-81 restored axonal length in MGO treated cells. Its effects were also studied in high fat and low dose streptozotocin induced diabetic mice where it reduced RBG levels and inhibited glycative stress by reducing HbA1c. URM-II-81 treatment also showed inhibition of gliosis in hippocampus. Histological analysis showed reduced NFTs in CA3 hippocampal region and restoration of insulin signaling in hippocampii of diabetic mice. Our findings suggest that URM-II-81 can be developed as a new therapeutic agent for treatment of neurodegenration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meha Fatima Aftab
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270 Pakistan
| | - Shabbir Khan Afridi
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270 Pakistan
| | - Uzma Rasool Mughal
- H.E.J Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270 Pakistan
| | - Aneela Karim
- H.E.J Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270 Pakistan
| | - Darakhshan Jabeen Haleem
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270 Pakistan
| | - Nurul Kabir
- University of Malaya, Institute of Biological Sciences, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Khalid M Khan
- H.E.J Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270 Pakistan
| | - Rahman M Hafizur
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270 Pakistan
| | - Rizwana S Waraich
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270 Pakistan.
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Ryuk JA, Ko BS, Lee HW, Kim DS, Kang S, Lee YH, Park S. Tetragonia tetragonioides (Pall.) Kuntze protects estrogen-deficient rats against disturbances of energy and glucose metabolism and decreases proinflammatory cytokines. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 242:593-605. [PMID: 28241734 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216683835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetragonia tetragonioides (Pall.) Kuntze (TTK) and JakYakGamCho-Tang (JGT) have been used for improving women's health and treating inflammatory diseases. We determined that the long-term consumption of these herbal extracts alleviates the progression of postmenopausal symptoms in high-fat-diet fed ovariectomized (OVX) rats, and further explored the mechanisms involved. Five groups of OVX rats were fed high fat diets that were supplemented with either 2% dextrin (control), 2% TTK (70% ethanol extract), 2% JGT (water extract), 1% JGT + 1% TTK (JGTT), or 30 µg/kg body weight/day of 17β-estradiol (positive control). After eight weeks of dietary intervention, the herbal treatments did not change the serum concentrations of 17β-estradiol or uterine weight in control rats, but they were higher in the positive-control group. TTK rats exhibited higher daily energy expenditure, particularly fat oxidation, without modifying the energy intake than the controls. TTK lowered the fat mass but lean body mass of the abdomen and leg were increased. JGT decreased periuterine fat mass and lean body mass more than the control but the decrease was not as much as TTK. TTK resulted in substantially lower serum concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, than the control and JGT had lesser effect than TTK. Insulin resistance, determined by homeostasis model assessment estimate for assessing insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and insulin tolerance test, was reduced in the decreasing order of control, JGT, JGTT, and TTK and the HOMA-IR of TTK was similar to the positive control. TTK, but not JGT, enhanced glucose tolerance compared with the control, although the serum insulin levels in TTK were lower compared to the control. Interestingly, the β-cell masses were much greater in the TTK and JGTT groups than in the control, and they were comparable to the positive control. The increases in β-cell masses in TTK and JGTT groups were associated with enhanced β-cell proliferation and suppressed apoptosis, which was related to the decreased TNF-α and interleukin-1β expressions. In conclusion, JGTT did not improve menopausal symptoms better than TTK itself. TTK itself prevented the OVX-induced impairments in energy, lipid, and glucose metabolism, similar to the positive control, without changing serum 17β-estradiol levels and potentiating insulin signaling and decreasing proinflammatory cytokines. TTK may be a useful intervention to alleviate some menopausal symptoms similar to selective estrogen receptor modulators and should be investigated with further human study. Impact statement Menopause decreases the quality of life in middle-aged women and herbal remedies are sometimes used as alternatives for hormone replacement therapy, which may have detrimental side effects. Although several herbal extracts have been studied, no remedies improve all the menopausal symptoms. In this study, the 70% ethanol extract of Tetragonia tetragonioides (Pall.) Kuntze (TTK) reduced the symptoms of hot flushes and improved energy, glucose, and lipid metabolism in estrogen-deficient animals without increasing serum 17β-estradiol levels. This extract acts like a selective estrogen receptor modulator and it may be a useful intervention for alleviating menopausal symptoms. This is the first study to show that the 70% ethanol extract of TTK has the potential to treat menopause-associated symptoms and metabolic disturbances. It may be a useful intervention for alleviating the symptoms of menopause in women if its efficacy can be confirmed in human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ah Ryuk
- 1 Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Korea
| | - Byoung-Seob Ko
- 1 Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Korea
| | - Hye Won Lee
- 1 Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Korea
| | - Da Sol Kim
- 2 Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan 336-795, Korea
| | - Suna Kang
- 2 Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan 336-795, Korea
| | - Yong Hyen Lee
- 3 Department of Nanobiomechatronics, Hoseo University, Asan 336-795, Korea
| | - Sunmin Park
- 2 Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan 336-795, Korea
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20
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Hooper PL, Durham HD, Török Z, Hooper PL, Crul T, Vígh L. The central role of heat shock factor 1 in synaptic fidelity and memory consolidation. Cell Stress Chaperones 2016; 21:745-53. [PMID: 27283588 PMCID: PMC5003801 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0709-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Networks of neuronal synapses are the fundamental basis for making and retaining memory. Reduced synapse number and quality correlates with loss of memory in dementia. Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), the major transcription factor regulating expression of heat shock genes, plays a central role in proteostasis, in establishing and sustaining synaptic fidelity and function, and in memory consolidation. Support for this thesis is based on these observations: (1) heat shock induces improvements in synapse integrity and memory consolidation; (2) synaptic depolarization activates HSF1; (3) activation of HSF1 alone (independent of the canonical heat shock response) augments formation of essential synaptic elements-neuroligands, vesicle transport, synaptic scaffolding proteins, lipid rafts, synaptic spines, and axodendritic synapses; (4) HSF1 coalesces and activates memory receptors in the post-synaptic dendritic spine; (5) huntingtin or α-synuclein accumulation lowers HSF1 while HSF1 lowers huntingtin and α-synuclein aggregation-a potential vicious cycle; and (6) HSF1 agonists (including physical activity) can improve cognitive function in dementia models. Thus, via direct gene expression of synaptic elements, production of HSPs that assure high protein fidelity, and activation of other neuroprotective signaling pathways, HSF1 agonists could provide breakthrough therapy for dementia-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip L Hooper
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Heather D Durham
- Department of Neurology/Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Zsolt Török
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Paul L Hooper
- Department of Anthropology, Emory University, 1557 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tim Crul
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Vígh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
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Kim HY, Lee JS, Youn JC, Chang MJ. Food and nutrient intake status of Korean elderly by degree of cognitive function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4163/jnh.2016.49.5.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Kim
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Yongin University, Yongin 17092, Korea
| | - Jung-Sug Lee
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
| | - Jong-Chul Youn
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Gyeonggi Provincial Hospital for the Elderly, Yongin 17089, Korea
| | - Moon-Jeong Chang
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
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22
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Ghoneim FM, Khalaf HA, Elsamanoudy AZ, Abo El-khair SM, Helaly AMN, Mahmoud EHM, Elshafey SH. Protective effect of chronic caffeine intake on gene expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor signaling and the immunoreactivity of glial fibrillary acidic protein and Ki-67 in Alzheimer's disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:7710-7728. [PMID: 26339337 PMCID: PMC4555665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with progressive degeneration of the hippocampal and cortical neurons. This study was designed to demonstrate the protective effect of caffeine on gene expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor neural receptor protein-tyrosine kinase-β (TrkB) as well as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and Ki-67 immunoreactivity in Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) induced animal model of AD. Fifty adult rats included in this study were classified into 5 group (10 rats each); negative and positive control groups (I&II), AD model group (III), group treated with caffeine from the start of AD induction (IV) and group treated with caffeine two weeks before AD induction (V). Hippocampal tissue BDNF and its receptor (TrkB) gene expression by real time RT-PCR in addition to immunohistochemical study of GFAP and Ki67 immunoreactivity were performed for all rats in the study. The results of this study revealed that caffeine has protective effect through improving the histological and immunohistochemical findings induced by AlCl3 as well as BDNF and its receptor gene expression. It could be concluded from the current study, that chronic caffeine consumption in a dose of 1.5 mg/kg body weight daily has a potentially good protective effect against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma M Ghoneim
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Mansoura UniversityEgypt
| | - Hanaa A Khalaf
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Mansoura UniversityEgypt
| | - Ayman Z Elsamanoudy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mansoura UniversityEgypt
| | - Salwa M Abo El-khair
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mansoura UniversityEgypt
| | - Ahmed MN Helaly
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Mansoura UniversityEgypt
| | | | - Saad H Elshafey
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Mansoura UniversityEgypt
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