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Takenoya F, Shibato J, Yamashita M, Kimura A, Hirako S, Chiba Y, Nonaka N, Shioda S, Rakwal R. Transcriptomic (DNA Microarray) and Metabolome (LC-TOF-MS) Analyses of the Liver in High-Fat Diet Mice after Intranasal Administration of GALP (Galanin-like Peptide). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15825. [PMID: 37958806 PMCID: PMC10648535 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to test the efficacy and potential clinical application of intranasal administration of galanin-like peptide (GALP) as an anti-obesity treatment under the hypothesis that GALP prevents obesity in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Focusing on the mechanism of regulation of lipid metabolism in peripheral tissues via the autonomic nervous system, we confirmed that, compared with a control (saline), intranasally administered GALP prevented further body weight gain in diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice with continued access to an HFD. Using an omics-based approach, we identified several genes and metabolites in the liver tissue of DIO mice that were altered by the administration of intranasal GALP. We used whole-genome DNA microarray and metabolomics analyses to determine the anti-obesity effects of intranasal GALP in DIO mice fed an HFD. Transcriptomic profiling revealed the upregulation of flavin-containing dimethylaniline monooxygenase 3 (Fmo3), metallothionein 1 and 2 (Mt1 and Mt2, respectively), and the Aldh1a3, Defa3, and Defa20 genes. Analysis using the DAVID tool showed that intranasal GALP enhanced gene expression related to fatty acid elongation and unsaturated fatty acid synthesis and downregulated gene expression related to lipid and cholesterol synthesis, fat absorption, bile uptake, and excretion. Metabolite analysis revealed increased levels of coenzyme Q10 and oleoylethanolamide in the liver tissue, increased levels of deoxycholic acid (DCA) and taurocholic acid (TCA) in the bile acids, increased levels of taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA), and decreased levels of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). In conclusion, intranasal GALP administration alleviated weight gain in obese mice fed an HFD via mechanisms involving antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and fatty acid metabolism effects and genetic alterations. The gene expression data are publicly available at NCBI GSE243376.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiko Takenoya
- Department of Sport Sciences, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (F.T.); (M.Y.); (A.K.)
| | - Junko Shibato
- Department of Functional Morphology, Shonan University of Medical Sciences, Kanagawa 244-0806, Japan; (J.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Michio Yamashita
- Department of Sport Sciences, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (F.T.); (M.Y.); (A.K.)
| | - Ai Kimura
- Department of Sport Sciences, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (F.T.); (M.Y.); (A.K.)
| | - Satoshi Hirako
- Department of Health and Nutrition, University of Human Arts and Sciences, Saitama 339-8539, Japan;
| | - Yoshihiko Chiba
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan;
| | - Naoko Nonaka
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan;
| | - Seiji Shioda
- Department of Functional Morphology, Shonan University of Medical Sciences, Kanagawa 244-0806, Japan; (J.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8574, Japan
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Bae IS, Lee JA, Cho SH, Kim HW, Kim Y, Seo K, Cho HW, Lee MY, Chun JL, Kim KH. Rabbit Meat Extract Induces Browning in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes via the AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway. Foods 2023; 12:3671. [PMID: 37835324 PMCID: PMC10572372 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The browning of white adipocytes may be an innovative approach to address obesity. This study investigated the effects of rabbit meat extract on 3T3-L1 adipocytes, with a specific emphasis on inducing browning. The browning effects of rabbit meat extract were evaluated by analyzing genes specifically expressed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes using quantitative PCR and immunoblotting. Rabbit meat extract increased the expression of brown adipocyte-specific markers, UCP1 and PGC1α, and mitochondrial biogenesis factors, TFAM and NRF1, without affecting cell viability in fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, adipocyte differentiation and the triglyceride content were decreased; hormone-sensitive lipase activity was promoted. Rabbit meat extract activated the AMPK pathway in the differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. However, in adipocytes treated with rabbit meat extract, the expression of genes related to browning was reduced by the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor, dorsomorphin dihydrochloride. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that rabbit meat extract induces the browning of white adipocytes via the activation of the AMPK pathway, thereby demonstrating its therapeutic potential in preventing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Seon Bae
- Animal Products Utilization Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; (J.A.L.); (S.-H.C.); (H.-W.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Jeong Ah Lee
- Animal Products Utilization Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; (J.A.L.); (S.-H.C.); (H.-W.K.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Cho
- Animal Products Utilization Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; (J.A.L.); (S.-H.C.); (H.-W.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Hyoun-Wook Kim
- Animal Products Utilization Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; (J.A.L.); (S.-H.C.); (H.-W.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yunseok Kim
- Animal Products Utilization Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; (J.A.L.); (S.-H.C.); (H.-W.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Kangmin Seo
- Animal Welfare Research Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; (K.S.); (H.-W.C.); (M.Y.L.); (J.L.C.); (K.H.K.)
| | - Hyun-Woo Cho
- Animal Welfare Research Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; (K.S.); (H.-W.C.); (M.Y.L.); (J.L.C.); (K.H.K.)
| | - Min Young Lee
- Animal Welfare Research Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; (K.S.); (H.-W.C.); (M.Y.L.); (J.L.C.); (K.H.K.)
| | - Ju Lan Chun
- Animal Welfare Research Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; (K.S.); (H.-W.C.); (M.Y.L.); (J.L.C.); (K.H.K.)
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- Animal Welfare Research Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; (K.S.); (H.-W.C.); (M.Y.L.); (J.L.C.); (K.H.K.)
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Lim G, Lim Y. Effects of Whey Peptide Supplementation on Sarcopenic Obesity in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:4402. [PMID: 36297085 PMCID: PMC9611493 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of sarcopenic obesity gradually increased in parallel with the aged population. This research examined the effects of whey peptide (WP) supplementation with/without resistant exercise (RE) on sarcopenic obesity. Male 8-month-old C57BL/6J mice were fed a control diet (10 kcal% fat) or a high-fat diet (60 kcal% fat) for 8 weeks. High-fat diet-fed mice were randomly divided into four groups: obesity control group (OB), RE (RE only), WP (WP only), and WPE (RE and WP). WP supplementation (1500 mg/day/kg B.W.) gavage and RE (ladder climbing, five times weekly, 8−10 repetitions, 10−20% B.W. load) were conducted for an additional 8 weeks. Protein and mRNA levels of markers related to energy, protein, and lipid metabolism were analyzed in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). WP supplementation regardless of RE significantly suppressed the increasing fat mass (p = 0.016) and decreasing lean mass (p = 0.014) and alleviated abnormal morphological changes in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue (p < 0.001). In adipose tissue, WP supplementation regardless of RE ameliorated dysregulated energy metabolism and contributed to the reduction in adipocyte differentiation (PPAR-γ (p = 0.017), C/EBPα (p = 0.034)). In skeletal muscle, WP supplementation regardless of RE alleviated energy metabolism dysregulation and resulted in down-regulated protein degradation (Atrogin-1 (p = 0.003), MuRF1 (p = 0.006)) and apoptosis (Bax) (p = 0.004). Taken together, the current study elucidated that WP supplementation regardless of RE has potential anti-obesity and anti-sarcopenic effects in sarcopenic obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yunsook Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
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Liang J, Chen W, Zong K, Xu R, Liu Y, Yu N, Xie S, Zhou A. Study on the interventional effects of Polygonatum cyrtonema polysaccharides on high-fat-diet-induced obese model mice through serum and liver metabolomics. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Han H, Xue T, Li J, Guo Y, Li X, Wang L, Pei L, Zheng M. Plant sterol ester of α-linolenic acid improved non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress-triggered apoptosis via activation of the AMPK. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 107:109072. [PMID: 35660097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a feature of progressions steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and can be explained by endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of plant sterol ester of α-linolenic acid (PS-ALA) on ERS-triggered apoptosis in high fat diet-fed mice and oleic acid-induced hepatocytes, and further explore the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that PS-ALA improved NAFLD in both in vivo and in vitro models. Moreover, PS-ALA treatment can attenuate ERS and associated apoptosis via inhibiting IRE1α/TRAF2/JNK signal pathway. Furthermore, we found that the protective effect of PS-ALA on ERS-triggered apoptosis was mediated by activation of AMPK as pretreatment with Compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, abolished the anti-apoptotic effect of PS-ALA. Taken together, our results illustrate that PS-ALA attenuating ERS-mediated apoptosis via activating AMPK, which provided new insights into the protective effect of PS-ALA in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Han
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, PR CHINA.
| | - Tingli Xue
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, PR CHINA
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, PR CHINA
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, PR CHINA
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, PR CHINA
| | - Linqi Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, PR CHINA
| | - Liyuan Pei
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, PR CHINA
| | - Mingming Zheng
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, PR CHINA.
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α-Linolenic acid induces apoptosis, inhibits the invasion and metastasis, and arrests cell cycle in human breast cancer cells by inhibiting fatty acid synthase. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Yuan Q, Xie F, Huang W, Hu M, Yan Q, Chen Z, Zheng Y, Liu L. The review of alpha-linolenic acid: Sources, metabolism, and pharmacology. Phytother Res 2021; 36:164-188. [PMID: 34553434 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) is a carboxylic acid composed of 18 carbon atoms and three cis double bonds, and is an essential fatty acid indispensable to the human body. This study aims to systematically review related studies on the dietary sources, metabolism, and pharmacological effects of ALA. Information on ALA was collected from the internet database PubMed, Elsevier, ResearchGate, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, and Europe PMC using a combination of keywords including "pharmacology," "metabolism," "sources." The following findings are mainly contained. (a) ALA can only be ingested from food and then converted into eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in the body. (b) This conversion process is relatively limited and affected by many factors such as dose, gender, and disease. (c) Pharmacological research shows that ALA has the anti-metabolic syndrome, anticancer, antiinflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-obesity, neuroprotection, and regulation of the intestinal flora properties. (d) There are the most studies that prove ALA has anti-metabolic syndrome effects, including experimental studies and clinical trials. (e) The therapeutic effect of ALA will be affected by the dosage. In short, ALA is expected to treat many diseases, but further high quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of ALA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianghua Yuan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Hanyuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yaan, China
| | - Mei Hu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qilu Yan
- Hanyuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yaan, China
| | - Zemou Chen
- Hanyuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yaan, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Bayona-Bafaluy MP, Garrido-Pérez N, Meade P, Iglesias E, Jiménez-Salvador I, Montoya J, Martínez-Cué C, Ruiz-Pesini E. Down syndrome is an oxidative phosphorylation disorder. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101871. [PMID: 33540295 PMCID: PMC7859316 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome is the most common genomic disorder of intellectual disability and is caused by trisomy of chromosome 21. Several genes in this chromosome repress mitochondrial biogenesis. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether early overexpression of these genes may cause a prenatal impairment of oxidative phosphorylation negatively affecting neurogenesis. Reduction in the mitochondrial energy production and a lower mitochondrial function have been reported in diverse tissues or cell types, and also at any age, including early fetuses, suggesting that a defect in oxidative phosphorylation is an early and general event in Down syndrome individuals. Moreover, many of the medical conditions associated with Down syndrome are also frequently found in patients with oxidative phosphorylation disease. Several drugs that enhance mitochondrial biogenesis are nowadays available and some of them have been already tested in mouse models of Down syndrome restoring neurogenesis and cognitive defects. Because neurogenesis relies on a correct mitochondrial function and critical periods of brain development occur mainly in the prenatal and early neonatal stages, therapeutic approaches intended to improve oxidative phosphorylation should be provided in these periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pilar Bayona-Bafaluy
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Miguel Servet, 177. 50013, Zaragoza, Spain and C/ Pedro Cerbuna, 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) de Aragón, Av. San Juan Bosco, 13, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Rd de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza. C/ Mariano Esquillor (Edificio I+D), 50018, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Nuria Garrido-Pérez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Miguel Servet, 177. 50013, Zaragoza, Spain and C/ Pedro Cerbuna, 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) de Aragón, Av. San Juan Bosco, 13, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Rd de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza. C/ Mariano Esquillor (Edificio I+D), 50018, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Patricia Meade
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Miguel Servet, 177. 50013, Zaragoza, Spain and C/ Pedro Cerbuna, 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) de Aragón, Av. San Juan Bosco, 13, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Rd de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza. C/ Mariano Esquillor (Edificio I+D), 50018, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Eldris Iglesias
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Miguel Servet, 177. 50013, Zaragoza, Spain and C/ Pedro Cerbuna, 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) de Aragón, Av. San Juan Bosco, 13, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Irene Jiménez-Salvador
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Miguel Servet, 177. 50013, Zaragoza, Spain and C/ Pedro Cerbuna, 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) de Aragón, Av. San Juan Bosco, 13, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Julio Montoya
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Miguel Servet, 177. 50013, Zaragoza, Spain and C/ Pedro Cerbuna, 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) de Aragón, Av. San Juan Bosco, 13, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Rd de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmen Martínez-Cué
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria. Av. Herrera Oría, 39011, Santander, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Ruiz-Pesini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Miguel Servet, 177. 50013, Zaragoza, Spain and C/ Pedro Cerbuna, 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) de Aragón, Av. San Juan Bosco, 13, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Rd de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Park YJ, Lee GS, Cheon SY, Cha YY, An HJ. The anti-obesity effects of Tongbi-san in a high-fat diet-induced obese mouse model. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:1. [PMID: 30606178 PMCID: PMC6319014 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2420-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, it has been noted that natural herbal medications may be effective in treating obesity. Tongbi-san (TBS) is a traditional medicine usually used for dysuria (i.e., painful urination), containing three herbs, Cyperus rotundus L., Citrus unshiu Markovich, and Poria cocos. In this study, we aimed to examine whether TBS can inhibit high-fat diet (HFD)-induced adipogenesis in the liver and epididymal adipose tissue of obese mice. METHODS Male C57BL/6 N mice were fed a normal diet, an HFD, an HFD plus orlistat 10 or 20 mg/kg, or an HFD plus TBS 50 or 100 mg/kg for 11 weeks. Body weight was checked weekly and histological tissue examinations were investigated. An expression of genes involved in adipogenesis was also assessed. RESULTS Oral administration of TBS significantly reduced body weight and decreased epididymal and visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) weight. In addition, we found that TBS enhanced the expression of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibited the expression of transcription factors, such as CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in the liver and epididymal WAT as measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that the anti-obesity effects of TBS may be linked to the activation of AMPK.
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Wu W, Wang S, Liu Q, Wang X, Shan T, Wang Y. Cathelicidin-WA attenuates LPS-induced inflammation and redox imbalance through activation of AMPK signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:338-353. [PMID: 30273672 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated activation of inflammation is associated with the development and progression of many diseases. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been shown to promote an inflammatory response. Cathelicidin peptides not only defend against the invasion of various microbes but also play an important role in regulating immune responses. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of Cathelicidin-WA (CWA) on the inflammatory response and oxidative stress in macrophages. Our results showed that CWA efficiently attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammation and oxidative stress both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, we found that CWA significantly reduced the LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB, thus decreasing the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in macrophages. On the other hand, CWA markedly promoted the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 via the AKT pathway and p38 signaling. This resulted in increased expression of the anti-oxidative genes NQO-1 and HO-1 and alleviated oxidative stress in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Interestingly, the effects of CWA were diminished when AMPK was knocked down. Consistently, we noticed that CWA failed to ameliorate the LPS-induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress in AMPK knockout mice. Furthermore, we discovered that LKB1 was essential for AMPK activation by CWA. These data demonstrated for the first time that CWA attenuated LPS-stimulated inflammation and redox imbalance through regulating LKB1-AMPK signaling. Such knowledge provides new insights into the mechanisms through which Cathelicidin peptides modulate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiche Wu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Sisi Wang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Xinxia Wang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
| | - Yizhen Wang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
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The effects of PDK4 inhibition on AMPK protein levels and PGC-1? gene expression following endurance training in skeletal muscle of Wistar rats. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj90.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Reyna Gallegos S, Torres Arrunátegui G, Valenzuela R, Rincón-Cervera MÁ, Villanueva Espinoza ME. Adding a purple corn extract in rats supplemented with chia oil decreases gene expression of SREBP-1c and retains Δ5 and Δ6 hepatic desaturase activity, unmodified the hepatic lipid profile. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 132:1-7. [PMID: 29735017 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids upregulate gene expression of PPAR-α and underregulate the gene expression of SREBP-1c, and their intake increases the plasmatic concentration of n-3 LC-PUFAs. However, the biological mechanisms underlying these effects have not been elucidated. In this work, the effect of oral supplementation of ALA from chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seed oil and anthocyanins from a purple corn extract (PCE) on gene expression of SREBP-1c, PPAR-α and Δ5 and Δ6 desaturases (Δ5D and Δ6D), the activity of these enzymes in the liver as well as the hepatic lipid profile were evaluated in thirty-six female Sprague Dawley rats whose diet was supplemented with olive oil (OL), chia oil (CH), olive oil and PCE (OL + PCE) or chia oil and PCE (CH + PCE). Gene expression of PPAR-α was significantly higher when supplemented with CH and CH + PCE, SREBP-1c gene expression was higher when supplemented with chia oil. CH supplementation enhanced Δ5D expression whereas no significant differences between treatments were observed concerning Δ6D gene expression. Activities of both desaturases were increased by including olive oil (OL + PCE and OL), and they were found to be higher in CH + PCE respect to CH for both enzymes. The ALA and n-3 LCPUFAs hepatic content was higher with CH, decreasing the levels of AA and n-6 LCPUFAs. It is concluded that the joint action of flavonoids such as anthocyanins and ALA show an anti-adipogenic effect. Desaturase activity was inhibited by ALA and kept by the anthocyanins from PCE, thus anthocyanins would exert a protective effect on the desaturase activity but they would not affect on its gene expression, however, high doses of ALA increased the production of its metabolites, masking the effect of PCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixto Reyna Gallegos
- Nutrition Department, Animal Husbandry Faculty, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Perú; Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Manabí, Ecuador.
| | | | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Lipid Center, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Kobayashi T, Mattarollo SR. Natural killer cell metabolism. Mol Immunol 2017; 115:3-11. [PMID: 29179986 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are a critical component in the innate immune response against disease. NK cell function is tightly regulated by specific cytokine and activation/inhibitory receptor signalling, leading to diverse effector responses. Like all living cells, energy metabolism is a fundamental requirement for NK cell activation and survival. There is growing evidence that distinct functional profiles of NK cells are determined by alterations to cellular metabolic pathways. In this review, we summarise current literature that has explored NK cell metabolism to provide insight into how metabolic regulation controls NK cell function. We focus on metabolism pathways induced by different NK cell stimuli, metabolic regulatory proteins, and nutrient and hormonal levels in health and disease which impact on NK cell metabolic and functional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kobayashi
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen R Mattarollo
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane 4102, Queensland, Australia.
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Caffeoylquinic Acid-Rich Extract of Aster glehni F. Schmidt Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver through the Regulation of PPAR δ and Adiponectin in ApoE KO Mice. PPAR Res 2017; 2017:3912567. [PMID: 29201040 PMCID: PMC5672637 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3912567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aster glehni is well known for its therapeutic properties. This study was performed to investigate the effects of A. glehni on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in atherosclerotic condition, by determining the levels of biomarkers related to lipid metabolism and inflammation in serum, liver, and adipose tissue. Body and abdominal adipose tissue weights and serum triglyceride level decreased in all groups treated with A. glehni. Serum adiponectin concentration and protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ, 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, superoxide dismutase, and PPARγ coactivator 1-alpha in liver tissues increased in the groups treated with A. glehni. Conversely, protein levels of ATP citrate lyase, fatty acid synthase, tumor necrosis factor α, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and the concentrations of interleukin 6 and reactive oxygen species decreased upon A. glehni. Triglyceride concentration in the liver was lower in mice treated with A. glehni than in control mice. Lipid accumulation in HepG2 and 3T3-L1 cells decreased upon A. glehni treatment; this effect was suppressed in the presence of the PPARδ antagonist, GSK0660. Our findings suggest that A. glehni extracts may ameliorate NAFLD through regulation of PPARδ, adiponectin, and the related subgenes.
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Zahradka P, Neumann S, Aukema HM, Taylor CG. Adipocyte lipid storage and adipokine production are modulated by lipoxygenase-derived oxylipins generated from 18-carbon fatty acids. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 88:23-30. [PMID: 28465089 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Generation of oxylipins (oxygenated metabolites of fatty acids) by lipoxygenases may be responsible for the beneficial effects of 20- and 22-carbon n-3 fatty acids on adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity, but the potential actions of oxylipins derived from 18-carbon fatty acids, which are generally at higher levels in the diet, are unknown. We therefore compared the effects of select lipoxygenase-derived oxylipins produced from α-linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3 n-3), linoleic acid (LA, C18:2 n-6), and arachidonic acid (AA, C20:4 n-6) on key adipocyte functions that are altered in obesity. Individual oxylipins were added to the culture medium of differentiating 3T3-L1 preadipocytes for 6days. Lipid accumulation was subsequently determined by Oil Red O staining, while Western blotting was used to measure levels of proteins associated with lipid metabolism and characteristics of adipocyte functionality. Addition of all oxylipins at 30nM was sufficient to significantly decrease triglyceride accumulation in lipid droplets, and higher levels completely blocked lipid production. Our results establish that lipoxygenase-derived oxylipins produced from 18-carbon PUFA differentially affect multiple adipocyte processes associated with lipid storage and adipokine production. However, these effects are not due to the oxylipins blocking adipocyte maturation and thus globally suppressing all adipocyte characteristics. Furthermore, these oxylipin species decrease the lipid content of adipocytes regardless from which precursor fatty acid or lipoxygenase they were derived. Consequently, adipocyte characteristics can be altered through the ability of oxylipins to selectively modulate levels of proteins involved in both lipid metabolism and adipokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Zahradka
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Canada; Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada.
| | - Shannon Neumann
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Harold M Aukema
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Carla G Taylor
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Canada; Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
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16
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González-Mañán D, D'Espessailles A, Dossi CG, San Martín M, Mancilla RA, Tapia GS. Rosa Mosqueta Oil Prevents Oxidative Stress and Inflammation through the Upregulation of PPAR-α and NRF2 in C57BL/6J Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. J Nutr 2017; 147:579-588. [PMID: 28298541 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.243261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Rosa mosqueta (RM) oil is characterized by high concentrations of antioxidants and α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3). We have previously demonstrated in male C57BL/6J mice that RM decreases hepatic steatosis, a condition strongly associated with oxidative stress and inflammation.Objective: We studied the molecular mechanisms that underlie the role of RM in preventing high-fat diet (HFD)-induced oxidative stress and inflammation.Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice aged 28 d and weighing 12-14 g were divided into the following groups and fed for 12 wk: control diet (CD; 10% fat, 20% protein, and 70% carbohydrates); CD + RM (1.94 mg ALA ⋅ g body weight-1 ⋅ d-1 administered by oral gavage); HFD (60% fat, 20% protein, and 20% carbohydrates); and HFD + RM. General parameters (body weight, visceral fat, and histology); glucose metabolism [homeostasis model assessment and blood glucose area under the curve (AUC)]; oxidative stress [hepatic nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like-2 (NRF2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) concentrations]; and inflammation [hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α) and acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (ACOX1) concentrations, blood tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) concentrations, and Tnfa and Il1b mRNA expression in liver and visceral adipose tissue] were evaluated.Results: In the HFD + RM mice, the final body weight (24.8 ± 1.1 g) was 19% lower than in the HFD mice (30.6 ± 2.8 g) (P < 0.05). Visceral fat was 34% lower in the HFD + RM mice than in the HFD mice (P < 0.05). The blood glucose AUC was 29% lower and Tnfa and Il1b expression levels were 47% and 59% lower, respectively, in the HFD + RM mice than in the HFD mice (P < 0.05). HFD + RM mice had 40% less hepatic steatosis (P < 0.05) and lower upregulation of PPAR-α (33%), ACOX1 (50%), NRF2 (39%), and HO-1 (68%) protein concentrations than did the HFD mice (P < 0.05).Conclusions: Our findings suggest that RM supplementation prevents the obese phenotype observed in HFD-fed mice by downregulating inflammatory cytokine expression and secretion and stimulating hepatic antioxidant and fatty acid oxidation markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel González-Mañán
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; and
| | - Amanda D'Espessailles
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; and
| | - Camila G Dossi
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; and
| | - Marcela San Martín
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; and
| | - Rodrigo A Mancilla
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Gladys S Tapia
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; and
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Tang HN, Tang CY, Man XF, Tan SW, Guo Y, Tang J, Zhou CL, Zhou HD. Plasticity of adipose tissue in response to fasting and refeeding in male mice. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2017; 14:3. [PMID: 28070205 PMCID: PMC5217231 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0159-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fasting is the most widely prescribed and self-imposed strategy for treating excessive weight gain and obesity, and has been shown to exert a number of beneficial effects. The aim of the present study was to determine the exact role of fasting and subsequent refeeding on fat distribution in mice. Methods C57/BL6 mice fasted for 24 to 72 h and were then subjected to refeeding for 72 h. At 24, 48 and 72 h of fasting, and 12, 24, 48 and 72 h of refeeding, the mice were sacrificed, and serum and various adipose tissues were collected. Serum biochemical parameters, adipose tissue masses and histomorphological analysis of different depots were detected. MRNA was isolated from various adipose tissues, and the expressions of thermogenesis, visceral signature and lipid metabolism-related genes were examined. The phenotypes of adipose tissues between juvenile and adult mice subjected to fasting and refeeding were also compared. Results Fasting preferentially consumed mesenteric fat mass and decreased the cell size of mesenteric depots; however, refeeding recovered the mass and morphology of inguinal adipose tissues preferentially compared with visceral depots. Thermogenesis-related gene expression in the inguinal WAT and interscapular BAT were suppressed. Mitochondrial biogenesis was affected by fasting in a depot-specific manner. Furthermore, a short period of fasting led to an increase in visceral signature genes (Wt1, Tcf21) in subcutaneous adipose tissue, while the expression of these genes decreased sharply as the fasting time increased. Additionally, lipogenesis-related markers were enhanced to a greater extent greater in subcutaneous depots compared with those in visceral adipose tissues by refeeding. Although similar phenotypic changes in adipose tissue were observed between juvenile mice and adult mice subjected to fasting and refeeding, the alterations appeared earlier and more sensitively in juvenile mice. Conclusions Fasting preferentially consumes lipids in visceral adipose tissues, whereas refeeding recovers lipids predominantly in subcutaneous adipose tissues, which indicated the significance of plasticity of adipose organs for fat distribution when subject to food deprivation or refeeding. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12986-016-0159-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Neng Tang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Ren-Min Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011 China ; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011 China
| | - Chen-Yi Tang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Ren-Min Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011 China
| | - Xiao-Fei Man
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Ren-Min Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011 China
| | - Shu-Wen Tan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Ren-Min Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011 China
| | - Yue Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Ren-Min Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011 China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Ren-Min Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011 China
| | - Ci-La Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Ren-Min Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011 China
| | - Hou-De Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Ren-Min Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011 China
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Nuez-Ortín WG, Carter CG, Wilson R, Cooke I, Nichols PD. Preliminary Validation of a High Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) and α-Linolenic Acid (ALA) Dietary Oil Blend: Tissue Fatty Acid Composition and Liver Proteome Response in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Smolts. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161513. [PMID: 27556399 PMCID: PMC4996530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine oils are important to human nutrition as the major source of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a key omega-3 long-chain (≥C20) polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 LC-PUFA) that is low or lacking in terrestrial plant or animal oils. The inclusion of fish oil as main source of n-3 LC-PUFA in aquafeeds is mostly limited by the increasing price and decreasing availability. Fish oil replacement with cheaper terrestrial plant and animal oils has considerably reduced the content of n-3 LC-PUFA in flesh of farmed Atlantic salmon. Novel DHA-enriched oils with high alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) content will be available from transgenic oilseeds plants in the near future as an alternative for dietary fish oil replacement in aquafeeds. As a preliminary validation, we formulated an oil blend (TOFX) with high DHA and ALA content using tuna oil (TO) high in DHA and the flaxseed oil (FX) high in ALA, and assessed its ability to achieve fish oil-like n-3 LC-PUFA tissue composition in Atlantic salmon smolts. We applied proteomics as an exploratory approach to understand the effects of nutritional changes on the fish liver. Comparisons were made between fish fed a fish oil-based diet (FO) and a commercial-like oil blend diet (fish oil + poultry oil, FOPO) over 89 days. Growth and feed efficiency ratio were lower on the TOFX diet. Fish muscle concentration of n-3 LC-PUFA was significantly higher for TOFX than for FOPO fish, but not higher than for FO fish, while retention efficiency of n-3 LC-PUFA was promoted by TOFX relative to FO. Proteomics analysis revealed an oxidative stress response indicative of the main adaptive physiological mechanism in TOFX fish. While specific dietary fatty acid concentrations and balances and antioxidant supplementation may need further attention, the use of an oil with a high content of DHA and ALA can enhance tissue deposition of n-3 LC-PUFA in relation to a commercially used oil blend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldo G. Nuez-Ortín
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
- CSIRO Food Nutrition and Bio-based Products, Oceans & Atmosphere, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Chris G. Carter
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Richard Wilson
- Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Bag 74, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Ira Cooke
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Peter D. Nichols
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
- CSIRO Food Nutrition and Bio-based Products, Oceans & Atmosphere, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
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Choi WH. Evaluation of anti-tubercular activity of linolenic acid and conjugated-linoleic acid as effective inhibitors against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2016; 9:125-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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