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Sirtuins and Hypoxia in EMT Control. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060737. [PMID: 35745656 PMCID: PMC9228842 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), a physiological process during embryogenesis, can become pathological in the presence of different driving forces. Reduced oxygen tension or hypoxia is one of these forces, triggering a large number of molecular pathways with aberrant EMT induction, resulting in cancer and fibrosis onset. Both hypoxia-induced factors, HIF-1α and HIF-2α, act as master transcription factors implicated in EMT. On the other hand, hypoxia-dependent HIF-independent EMT has also been described. Recently, a new class of seven proteins with deacylase activity, called sirtuins, have been implicated in the control of both hypoxia responses, HIF-1α and HIF-2α activation, as well as EMT induction. Intriguingly, different sirtuins have different effects on hypoxia and EMT, acting as either activators or inhibitors, depending on the tissue and cell type. Interestingly, sirtuins and HIF can be activated or inhibited with natural or synthetic molecules. Moreover, recent studies have shown that these natural or synthetic molecules can be better conveyed using nanoparticles, representing a valid strategy for EMT modulation. The following review, by detailing the aspects listed above, summarizes the interplay between hypoxia, sirtuins, and EMT, as well as the possible strategies to modulate them by using a nanoparticle-based approach.
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Li F, Mitchell HD, Mensch AC, Hu D, Laudadio ED, Hedlund Orbeck JK, Hamers RJ, Orr G. Expression Patterns of Energy-Related Genes in Single Cells Uncover Key Isoforms and Enzymes That Gain Priority Under Nanoparticle-Induced Stress. ACS NANO 2022; 16:7197-7209. [PMID: 35290009 PMCID: PMC9134505 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cellular responses to nanoparticles (NPs) have been largely studied in cell populations, providing averaged values that often misrepresent the true molecular processes that occur in the individual cell. To understand how a cell redistributes limited molecular resources to achieve optimal response and survival requires single-cell analysis. Here we applied multiplex single molecule-based fluorescence in situ hybridization (fliFISH) to quantify the expression of 10 genes simultaneously in individual intact cells, including glycolysis and glucose transporter genes, which are critical for restoring and maintaining energy balance. We focused on individual gill epithelial cell responses to lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) NPs, which are actively pursued as cathode materials in lithium-ion batteries, raising concerns about their impact on the environment and human health. We found large variabilities in the expression levels of all genes between neighboring cells under the same exposure conditions, from only a few transcripts to over 100 copies in individual cells. Gene expression ratios among the 10 genes in each cell uncovered shifts in favor of genes that play key roles in restoring and maintaining energy balance. Among these genes are isoforms that can secure and increase glycolysis rates more efficiently, as well as genes with multiple cellular functions, in addition to glycolysis, including DNA repair, regulation of gene expression, cell cycle progression, and proliferation. Our study uncovered prioritization of gene expression in individual cells for restoring energy balance under LCO NP exposures. Broadly, our study gained insight into single-cell strategies for redistributing limited resources to achieve optimal response and survival under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjia Li
- Environmental
Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest
National laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Hugh D. Mitchell
- Biological
Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National
laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Arielle C. Mensch
- Environmental
Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest
National laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Dehong Hu
- Environmental
Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest
National laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Elizabeth D. Laudadio
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | | | - Robert J. Hamers
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Galya Orr
- Environmental
Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest
National laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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Burzlaff A, Creutzenberg O, Schaudien D, Viegas V, Danzeisen R, Warheit D. A tiered approach to investigate the inhalation toxicity of cobalt substances. Tier 4: Effects from a 28-day inhalation toxicity study with tricobalt tetraoxide in rats. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 130:105129. [PMID: 35124138 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer following inhalation in rodents is a major concern regarding exposure to cobalt substances. However, little information is available on adverse effects and toxicity following long-term inhalation exposure to poorly soluble cobalt substances with low bioavailability. Thus, the present study focused on pulmonary effects of the poorly soluble tricobalt tetraoxide (5, 20, 80 mg/m³) in a 28-day inhalation exposure study. Lung weights increased with increasing exposures. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis and histopathology revealed lung tissue inflammation at the mid-dose with increasing severity in the high-dose group and post-exposure persistency. Markers for cellular damage and cell proliferation were statistically significantly increased. No increase in 8-OH-dG lesions was observed, indicating an absence of oxidative DNA lesions. The primary effect of inhaled Co3O4 particles is inflammation of the respiratory tract strongly resembling responses of inhaled "inert dust" substances, with a NOAEC of 5 mg/m³ under the conditions of this test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Burzlaff
- EBRC Consulting GmbH, Raffaelstr. 4, 30177, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Otto Creutzenberg
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (Fh-ITEM), Nikolai Fuchs Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dirk Schaudien
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (Fh-ITEM), Nikolai Fuchs Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Vanessa Viegas
- Cobalt Institute, 18 Jeffries Passage, Guildford, GU1 4AP, UK
| | - Ruth Danzeisen
- Cobalt Institute, 18 Jeffries Passage, Guildford, GU1 4AP, UK.
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van den Brule S, Ibouraadaten S, Brombin L, Lison D. A tiered approach to investigate the inhalation toxicity of cobalt substances. Tier 2a: Grouping cobalt compounds based on their capacity to stabilize HIF-1α in human alveolar epithelial cells in vitro. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 130:105121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhu D, Kang W, Zhang S, Qiao X, Liu J, Liu C, Lu H. Effect of mandibular advancement device treatment on HIF-1α, EPO and VEGF in the myocardium of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome rabbits. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13261. [PMID: 32764565 PMCID: PMC7414037 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70238-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mandibular advancement device (MAD) therapy for obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) on hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), erythropoietin (EPO) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in myocardial tissue. New Zealand rabbits were used to develop OSAHS and MAD models. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) of the upper airway and polysomnography (PSG) recordings were performed with the animals in the supine position. All of the animals were induced to sleep in a supine position for 4-6 h each day and were observed continuously for 8 weeks. The myocardial tissue of the three groups was dissected to measure the expression of HIF-1α, EPO and VEGF. The results showed that there was higher expression of HIF-1α, EPO and VEGF in the OSAHS group than those in the MAD and control groups. MAD treatment significantly downregulated the expression of HIF-1α, EPO and VEGF in the OSAHS animals. We concluded that MAD treatment could significantly downregulate the increased expression of HIF-1α, EPO and VEGF in OSAHS rabbits, improving their myocardial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechao Zhu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 383, East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Kang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 383, East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shilong Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 383, East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Qiao
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 383, East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 383, East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 383, East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haiyan Lu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 383, East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
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LiCoO 2 particles used in Li-ion batteries induce primary mutagenicity in lung cells via their capacity to generate hydroxyl radicals. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:6. [PMID: 31996255 PMCID: PMC6990559 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-0338-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Li-ion batteries (LIB) are used in most portable electronics. Among a wide variety of materials, LiCoO2 (LCO) is one of the most used for the cathode of LIB. LCO particles induce oxidative stress in mouse lungs due to their Co content, and have a strong inflammatory potential. In this study, we assessed the mutagenic potential of LCO particles in lung cells in comparison to another particulate material used in LIB, LTO (Li4Ti5O12), which has a low inflammatory potential compared to LCO particles. RESULTS We assessed the mutagenic potential of LCO and LTO particles in vitro by performing a cytokinesis-block micronucleus (MN) assay with rat lung epithelial cells (RLE), as well as in vivo in alveolar type II epithelial (AT-II) cells. LCO particles induced MN in vitro at non-cytotoxic concentrations and in vivo at non-inflammatory doses, indicating a primary genotoxic mechanism. LTO particles did not induce MN. Electron paramagnetic resonance and terephthalate assays showed that LCO particles produce hydroxyl radicals (•OH). Catalase inhibits this •OH production. In an alkaline comet assay with the oxidative DNA damage repair enzyme human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1, LCO particles induced DNA strand breaks and oxidative lesions. The addition of catalase reduced the frequency of MN induced by LCO particles in vitro. CONCLUSIONS We report the mutagenic activity of LCO particles used in LIB in vitro and in vivo. Our data support the role of Co(II) ions released from these particles in their primary genotoxic activity which includes the formation of •OH by a Fenton-like reaction, oxidative DNA lesions and strand breaks, thus leading to chromosomal breaks and the formation of MN. Documenting the genotoxic potential of the other LIB particles, especially those containing Co and/or Ni, is therefore needed to guarantee a safe and sustainable development of LIB.
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