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Semework M, Laeke T, Aklilu AT, Tadele A, Ashagre Y, Teklewold P, Kolias AG, Hutchinson P, Balcha A, Yohannes D, Hassen GW. Extended tests for evaluating post-traumatic brain injury deficits in resource-limited settings: methods and pilot study data. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1397625. [PMID: 38933324 PMCID: PMC11199529 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1397625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of all injury-related deaths and disabilities in the world, especially in low to middle-income countries (LMICs) which also suffer from lower levels of funding for all levels of the health care system for patients suffering from TBI. These patients do not generally get comprehensive diagnostic workup, monitoring, or treatment, and return to work too quickly, often with undiagnosed post-traumatic deficits which in turn can lead to subsequent incidents of physical harm. Methods Here, we share methods and results from our research project to establish innovative, simple, and scientifically based practices that dramatically leverage technology and validated testing strategies to identify post-TBI deficits quickly and accurately, to circumvent economic realities on the ground in LMICs. We utilized paper tests such as the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), line-bisection, and Bell's test. Furthermore, we combined modifications of neuroscience computer tasks to aid in assessing peripheral vision, memory, and analytical accuracies. Data from seventy-one subjects (51 patients and 20 controls, 15 females and 56 males) from 4 hospitals in Ethiopia are presented. The traumatic brain injury group consists of 17 mild, 28 moderate, and 8 severe patients (based on the initial Glasgow Comma Score). Controls are age and education-matched subjects (no known history of TBI, brain lesions, or spatial neglect symptoms). Results We found these neurophysiological methods can: 1) be implemented in LMICs and 2) test impairments caused by TBI, which generally affect brain processing speed, memory, and both executive and cognitive controls. Discussion The main findings indicate that these examinations can identify several deficits, especially the MoCA test. These tests show great promise to assist in the evaluation of TBI patients and support the establishment of dedicated rehabilitation centers. Our next steps will be expansion of the cohort size and application of the tests to other settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulugeta Semework
- Zuckerman Mind, Brain, and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tsegazeab Laeke
- Neurosurgery Unit, Black Lion Specialized Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, College of Health Science Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abenezer Tirsit Aklilu
- Neurosurgery Unit, Black Lion Specialized Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, College of Health Science Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abraham Tadele
- Department of Neurosurgery, AABET Hospital, St Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Peter Teklewold
- Department of Neurosurgery, AABET Hospital, St Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | | | - Dagnachew Yohannes
- Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital and College of Medicine, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Getaw Worku Hassen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Metropolitan Hospital Center, New York Medical College, New York, NY, United States
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Asiedu MT, Opoku DA, Ayisi-Boateng NK, Osarfo J, Sulemana A, Mohammed A, Amissah J, Ashilevi J, Mate-Kole A, Opoku FA, Yankson IK, Nakua EK. Prevalence and associated factors of occupational injuries in an industrial city in Ghana. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301339. [PMID: 38547303 PMCID: PMC10977681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workers are exposed to workplace hazards which increase their risk of occupational injury. Data on occupational injuries and associated factors are important for planning and informing national policy regarding workplace health and safety. This study sought to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with occupational injuries among workers in an industrial city in Ghana. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 459 workers in the Tema industrial enclave in Ghana from 22nd December 2020 to 27th February 2021. Participants were recruited using a two-stage sampling technique. Eight communities were randomly selected from twenty-five communities in the first stage while households in each community were randomly selected in the second stage. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, occupational health and safety and occupational injuries were collected. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between occupational injuries and associated factors. RESULTS The mean age of the workers was 33.9 (±6.8) years with a range of 21-53 while over 18.1% of them were working at the Port and Harbour. The prevalence of occupational injury among the workers in the preceding twelve months was 64.7%. The mechanism of injury was mainly the use of working tools (45.8%) and hot surfaces, substances or chemicals (14.1%). Being a casual staff (AOR: 2.26, 95%CI: 1.04-4.92), working at Port and Harbour (AOR: 3.77, 95%CI: 1.70-8.39), no health and safety training (AOR: 2.18, 95%CI: 1.08-4.39), dissatisfaction with health and safety measures (AOR: 4.31, 95%CI: 2.12-8.78) and tertiary education (AOR: 0.03, 95%CI: 0.01-0.10) were significantly associated with occupational injuries. CONCLUSION The prevalence of occupational injuries in this study was high. Promoting machine tools' safety, health and safety training, and satisfaction with health and safety measures through rewarding workers who do not sustain injuries could be key to employees' health and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tetteh Asiedu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Douglas Aninng Opoku
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Allen Clinic, Family Healthcare Services, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Nana Kwame Ayisi-Boateng
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- University Hospital, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Joseph Osarfo
- Department of Community Health, School of Medicine, University of Health and Allied Health Science, Ho, Ghana
| | - Alhassan Sulemana
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Aliyu Mohammed
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - John Amissah
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Jennifer Ashilevi
- University Hospital, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ayongo Mate-Kole
- Family Medicine Sub BMC, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Felix Agyemang Opoku
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Isaac Kofi Yankson
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Building and Road Research Institute, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Kweku Nakua
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Gietaneh W, Molla M, Alene M, Shitu D. Magnitude of work related injury, associated factors and its disparity across selected occupations in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis. DIALOGUES IN HEALTH 2023; 2:100093. [PMID: 38515489 PMCID: PMC10953937 DOI: 10.1016/j.dialog.2022.100093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Background Globally, work related injury has been continued as a major public health problem. In Ethiopia there are few fragmented empirical studies particularly among workers of fast growing sectors and there is no a national representative study on work related injury. Therefore, this study aims to determine the magnitude of work related injury associated factors and its disparity among construction, textile and municipal solid waste management workers in Ethiopia. Objective To determine magnitude of work related injury &associated factors and its disparity across selected occupations in Ethiopia. Method Both published and unpublished articles conducted in Ethiopia on work related injury were searched between the periods 12 October, 2019 to 15 December, 2019. Random effect model was employed to estimate the overall magnitude of occupational injury and its predictors. Results The overall magnitude of work related injury was 39.35% (95% CI: 27.40, 51.30 %). Subgroup analysis revealed that there was slight disparity across occupations and regions. Drinking alcohol, smoking cigarette, khat chewing habit, work related stress, level of education and utilization of PPE were significantly associated with work related injury. Conclusion This study found that more than 1 in 3 workers had at least one occupational injury at work. There was slight disparity across occupations and regions. It is strongly recommend that health education programs about the risk of substance use on occupational injury and apply strict occupational safety practices regulations should be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wodaje Gietaneh
- Health Services Management and Health Economics Unit, Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia- PO Box 269
| | - Muluye Molla
- Health Services Management and Health Economics Unit, Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia- PO Box 269
| | - Muluneh Alene
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia- PO Box-269
| | - Daniel Shitu
- Reproductive Health Unit, Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos,Ethiopia- PO Box 269
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Kinteh B, Bass P. Prevalence and factors associated with occupational injuries among building construction workers in the Gambia. Inj Prev 2023; 29:500-505. [PMID: 37549985 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2023-044958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although occupational injuries among building construction workers are a major public health concern, limited studies have focused on the prevalence and factors associated with injuries among building construction workers in sub-Saharan Africa. Accordingly, this study investigates the prevalence and factors associated with occupational injuries among building construction workers in the Gambia. METHOD Using a cross-sectional design, 504 building construction workers with more than 12 months of work experience in the construction industry and aged ≥18 years were recruited from 22 registered companies in the Kanifing Municipality of the Gambia. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and an observational checklist. RESULTS More than 56% of the building construction workers reported sustaining work-related injuries in the past 12 months. Majority of injuries reported were abrasions/lacerations (28.2%), followed by cuts (26.6%), backaches (23.8%) and piercing/punctured wounds (22.8%). Results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that being male worker (adjusted OR (aOR), 3.06; 95% CI 1.31 to 7.19), had <8 hours of work daily (aOR 3.46, 95% CI 1.44 to 7.78), smoke tobacco (aOR 1.97; 95% CI 1.36 to 2.85) and consume alcohol (aOR 0.27; 95% CI 0.08 to 0.95) were significantly associated with injuries from building construction work. CONCLUSION Our findings show that injuries among building construction workers are prevalent in the Gambia. Male gender, work hours, tobacco use and alcohol consumption were associated with occupational injuries in building construction. Introducing and enforcing workplace safety policies in the building construction industry may help reduce occupational injury among construction workers in the Gambia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakary Kinteh
- School of Public Health, The Gambia College Brikama Western Division Campus, Banjul, West Coast Region, Gambia
| | - Paul Bass
- Department of Public & Environmental Health, University of The Gambia Medical School, Banjul, Brikama, Gambia
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Yosef T, Shifera N. Personal Protective Equipment Utilization and Associated Factors among Industry Park Construction Workers in Northwest Ethiopia. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2023; 17:11786302231185683. [PMID: 37434665 PMCID: PMC10331180 DOI: 10.1177/11786302231185683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Equipment that safeguards the user from the risk of accidents or harmful health effects is known as personal protective equipment. Reports show personal protective equipment utilization is low in Africa. Workers are exposed to a wide range of physical, chemical, and incidental hazards because of low utilization of personal protective equipment. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude and factors associated with personal protective equipment utilization among Bure Industrial Park construction workers, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study involving 368 construction workers was carried out. The questionnaire was prepared to collect data on sociodemographic, work-related, and behavioral characteristics. Personal protective equipment usage was assessed by observation. Descriptive statistics' frequencies, proportions, and means were computed, and the analysis results were presented in text and tables. To find independent variables associated with personal protective equipment utilization, bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. Results The proportion of workers at the Bure Industrial Park who utilized personal protective equipment was 47.8%, 95% CI (47.7-47.9). After adjusting employment type as a confounding factor; not being a substance user [AOR = 9.52, 95% CI (5.07-17.8)], regular workplace supervision [AOR = 4.09, 95% CI (1.26-5.48)], having occupational safety training [AOR = 6.01, 95% CI (2.05-17.6)], and provision of personal protective equipment at workplace [AOR = 7.36, 95% CI (3.97-13.6)] were the factors associated with personal protective equipment utilization. Conclusion and recommendation Nearly 1 in 2 workers wear PPE at work. Lack of PPE utilization is a public health problem in the study area. According to the study, personal protective equipment utilization was influenced by behavioral and occupational factors. To increase the utilization of personal protective equipment, training in safety procedures and regular workplace supervision must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tewodros Yosef
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Australia
| | - Nigusie Shifera
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia
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Debela MB, Deyessa N, Begosew AM, Azage M. Occupational health and safety practices and associated factors among workers in Ethiopia's Metehara and Wonji sugar industries: a convergent parallel mixed design. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e065382. [PMID: 36828660 PMCID: PMC9972440 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Information regarding workers' practices concerning safety measures in Ethiopia's sugar industries is inadequate. OBJECTIVES To assess occupational health and safety practices and associated factors among workers in Ethiopia's Metehara and Wonji sugar industries. DESIGN A convergent parallel mixed design. SETTING Metehara and Wonji sugar industries in Ethiopia (December 2021 through May 2022). PARTICIPANTS We used a stratified random sampling method to select 1648 participants for the collection of quantitative data. We employed a purposive sampling method to carry out 20 in-depth interviews in order to gather qualitative data. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES We computed the extent of occupational health and safety practices using a 21-item questionnaire. Finally, results were graded as 'good' if ≥60% of them were answered correctly and 'poor' if <60% were correctly answered. We created a qualitative data interpretation from the subject's perspective. RESULTS The percentage of good occupational health and safety practices was 29.6% (95% CI: 27% to 32%). Inappropriate provision of personal protective equipment (adjusted OR (AOR)=1.42, 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.83), a lack of strict safety regulation (AOR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.27 to 2.12), a lack of incentives (AOR=1.31, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.66) and inadequate management support (AOR=1.19, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.66) were identified as associated factors. Health service usage defects, inappropriate protective equipment use and failure to follow occupational safety commands were identified as challenges. CONCLUSIONS Occupational health and safety measures were not used effectively. The qualitative component of this study confirmed that most participants expressed undesirable practices in occupational health and safety measures. Inappropriate protective device provisions, a lack of strict safety regulation, the absence of incentives and inadequate management support were found to be linked with the use of occupational health and safety measures. The contributing factors we identified potentially indicate areas for future intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitiku Bonsa Debela
- Public Health, Bahir Dar University College of Medical and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Negussie Deyessa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Achenef Motbainor Begosew
- Environmental Science, Bahir Dar University College of Medical and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Muluken Azage
- Environmental Health, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
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Yosef T, Sineshaw E, Shifera N. Occupational injuries and contributing factors among industry park construction workers in Northwest Ethiopia. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1060755. [PMID: 36703838 PMCID: PMC9872008 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1060755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Construction business is currently the second greatest source of injuries in Ethiopia after automotive accidents, with a risk of fatality that is five times higher than that of other industrial sectors. To establish measures for injury prevention, it is crucial to assess the severity of occupational injuries and identify the variables that contribute to them. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude and factors associated with occupational injuries among Bure Industrial Park construction workers, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 372 construction workers at Bure Industrial Park. The study participants were selected using a simple random sampling method. The data were collected using interviewer-administered structured questionnaire and work environment observation using structured checklist. In the descriptive statistic, frequencies, proportion, and mean were calculated and the results of the analysis were presented in text and tables. The bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify independent factors having associations with the occurrence of occupational injury. Results The overall prevalence of occupational injuries among Bure industrial park construction workers was 39.4%, 95%C.I (34.4%-44.4%). Factors such as sex (being male) [AOR = 1.74, 95%CI (1.02-2.97)], being married [AOR = 2.79, 95%CI (1.50-5.17)], no use of personal protective equipment [AOR = 1.67, 95%CI (1.12-2.85)], no training on occupational safety [AOR = 1.45, 95%CI (1.06-2.98)], and not satisfied with the job [AOR = 5.97, 95%CI (3.48-10.2)] were the factors associated with occupational injuries. Conclusion and recommendation The finding shows the public health importance of occupational injury among construction workers in the study area. Numerous factors have been linked to workplace injuries, including sex, marital status, the usage of personal protection equipment, training in occupational safety, and job satisfaction. As a result, in order to lower the rate of occupational injury, employers should prioritize offering safety training, encouraging the use of personal protective equipment while working, conducting routine workplace inspections, and ensuring that their staff members are happy at work by providing comfortable workspaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tewodros Yosef
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia,*Correspondence: Tewodros Yosef ✉
| | - Enawgaw Sineshaw
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Nigusie Shifera
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia,Nigusie Shifera ✉
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Mekonnen B, Solomon N, Wondimu W, Tesfaye M, Negash S. Work-related disease symptoms and occupational injuries among coffee processing industry workers in Bench-Sheko and Kaffa Zones Southwest, Ethiopia: A mixed-method study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1034957. [PMID: 36620283 PMCID: PMC9813667 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1034957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Occupational injuries have become one of the most critical rooting causes paying to infirmities and life-threatening conditions in developed and developing countries. Workers in the coffee industry face some occupational health and safety issues. However, there is limited evidence on this important public health issue. Hence, this research was conducted to assess work-related disease symptoms and occupational injuries among coffee processing workers in Southwest, Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study supplemented with a qualitative method was done. A total of 721 workers were involved in the study for quantitative information. In addition, we performed a total of 22 in-depth and five key informant interviews for generating qualitative evidence. Quantitative data was collected by an interview-based questionnaire which is adapted from similar studies. We conducted descriptive, binary logistic, and multivariable regression analysis as necessary, to ascertain the factors affecting occupational injuries. We collected qualitative data guided by an interview guide, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using ATLAS ti version-8 by applying a content analysis approach. Finally, quotes from participants that had exemplary ideas were triangulated along with quantitative findings. Result The overall prevalence rate of work-related symptoms and occupational injuries among coffee processing workers were 21.7 and 13.4% respectively. Age group 30-39 and 40-49 (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.95, 95% CI 1.37, 2.79, (AOR 3.28, 95% CI 1.89, 5.69, respectively, income level (AOR 0.24, 95% CI 0.16, 0.36, p = 0.000), experience (AOR 1.64, 95% CI 1.04, 2.60, p = 0.034), and smoking cigarette (AOR 5.59, 95% CI 2.78, 11.26, p = 0.000) were significantly associated with the work-related symptom. In addition, training related to the job (AOR 11.88, 95% CI1.34, 105.57, p = 0.026) was significantly associated with occupational injuries among coffee processing industry workers. Conclusion The prevalence of work-related symptoms and occupational injuries was high among coffee processing industry workers in southwest Ethiopia. Therefore, there is a need for regulations for both government and industry owners to advance the occupational conditions and ergonomic structure of coffee processing industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Besufekad Mekonnen
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia,*Correspondence: Besufekad Mekonnen ✉
| | - Nahom Solomon
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia
| | - Wondimagegn Wondimu
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia
| | - Melkamsew Tesfaye
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia
| | - Samuel Negash
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia
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Moshawrab M, Adda M, Bouzouane A, Ibrahim H, Raad A. Smart Wearables for the Detection of Occupational Physical Fatigue: A Literature Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22197472. [PMID: 36236570 PMCID: PMC9573761 DOI: 10.3390/s22197472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Today's world is changing dramatically due to the influence of various factors. Whether due to the rapid development of technological tools, advances in telecommunication methods, global economic and social events, or other reasons, almost everything is changing. As a result, the concepts of a "job" or work have changed as well, with new work shifts being introduced and the office no longer being the only place where work is done. In addition, our non-stop active society has increased the stress and pressure at work, causing fatigue to spread worldwide and becoming a global problem. Moreover, it is medically proven that persistent fatigue is a cause of serious diseases and health problems. Therefore, monitoring and detecting fatigue in the workplace is essential to improve worker safety in the long term. In this paper, we provide an overview of the use of smart wearable devices to monitor and detect occupational physical fatigue. In addition, we present and discuss the challenges that hinder this field and highlight what can be done to advance the use of smart wearables in workplace fatigue detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Moshawrab
- Département de Mathématiques, Informatique et Génie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(581)624-9394
| | - Mehdi Adda
- Département de Mathématiques, Informatique et Génie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Abdenour Bouzouane
- Département d’Informatique et de Mathématique, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 Boulevard de l’Université, Chicoutimi, QC G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Hussein Ibrahim
- Institut Technologique de Maintenance Industrielle, 175 Rue de la Vérendrye, Sept-Îles, QC G4R 5B7, Canada
| | - Ali Raad
- Faculty of Arts & Sciences, Islamic University of Lebanon, Wardaniyeh P.O. Box 30014, Lebanon
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Adedoyin AR, Mbada CE, Ajayi OK, Idowu OA, Oghumu SN, Oke KI, Moda HM, Fatoye F. Prevalence and pattern of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among Nigerian bricklayers. Work 2022; 72:627-635. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-205240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Typically, bricklayers in developing countries’ contexts manually lay bricks, concrete blocks and other similar materials to construct walls and buildings which make them susceptible to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs). The burden of WRMSDs among this high-risk group seems has not been well documented. OBJECTIVES: This study examined the prevalence of WRMSDs among bricklayers in Nigeria. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 118 consenting bricklayers from a Nigerian setting was carried out. The standardized Nordic musculoskeletal disorder questionnaire and a proforma were used to profile the prevalence of WRMSDs and socio-demographic information of the respondents. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Alpha level was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: The 12-months and 7-days prevalence of WRMSDs were 87.3% and 67.4%. Shoulder (61.0%) and the low-back (59.3%) were the two most affected anatomical sites based on 12-month prevalence. WRMSDs affecting the knees (6.8%) was the most disabling in carrying normal work routines. Working for less than 10 years was significantly associated with high prevalence of WRMSDs in the shoulder (odd ratio (OR) = 0.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.09 to 0.87) and wrist region (OR = 0.24, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.73). Having neck pain led to higher odds (OR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.68) of taking a break from work among the bricklayers. CONCLUSIONS: WRMSDs were high among Nigerian bricklayers. Years of work experience was associated with high prevalence of WRMSDs in the shoulder and wrist. In addition, taking work breaks was associated with neck pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adesoji R. Adedoyin
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Chidozie E. Mbada
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Oladotun K. Ajayi
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Opeyemi A. Idowu
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Saturday N. Oghumu
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Kayode I. Oke
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Haruna M. Moda
- Department of Health Professions, Faculty of Health and Education, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Francis Fatoye
- Department of Health Professions, Faculty of Health and Education, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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Daba C, Atamo A, Gebrehiwot M. Small Scale Enterprise Workers Require Attention: What Predicts the Level of Occupational Injuries? ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2022; 16:11786302221104949. [PMID: 35694430 PMCID: PMC9178732 DOI: 10.1177/11786302221104949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational injuries are among the foremost public health problems that small scale enterprise workers are encountering. Most foregoing occupational injury studies focused on construction or welding industry workers which could underestimate the real level of occupational injuries recorded in small scale enterprises. Conversely, others deal with a combined level of injuries from both small scale and large scale enterprises. Therefore, this study examined the magnitude and predictors of occupational injuries among various categories of small scale enterprise workers in Ambo town (Ethiopia). METHODS An institutional-based cross-sectional study was employed among 408 small scale enterprise workers from September to October 2021. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was computed to identify factors associated with occupational injuries. Variables with P-value less than .05 were considered as significantly associated with occupational injuries. RESULTS The 1-year prevalence of occupational injuries was 39.5% (95% CI: 35-44). Age greater than 40 years (AOR = 2.84, 95% CI: 1.53-5.28), working for more than 8 hours per day (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.61-4.95), working during the night time (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.22-3.47), lack of workplace supervision (AOR = 2.55, 95% CI: 1.23-5.28), alcohol use (AOR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.24-3.06), chewing khat (AOR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.27-3.2), non-utilization of personal protective equipment (AOR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.03-2.87), and lack of health and safety training (AOR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.26-4.37) were important predictors of occupational injuries. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated a substantial proportion of small scale enterprise workers experienced occupational injuries during the last year. Provision of health and safety training, continuous workplace supervisions, and provision and utilization of personal protective equipment are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chala Daba
- Chala Daba, Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, P. O. Box. 1145, Dessie 1145, Ethiopia.
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Moda HM, Ofodile N, Zailani BM, Abubakar M, Ibrahim YM. Management support as a critical success factor (CSF) for changing worker’s safety attitude: a case of the Nigerian construction industry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15623599.2022.2077084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Musa Moda
- Department of Health Professions, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Nwachukwu Ofodile
- Department of Health Professions, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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Abate AE, Hailemariam SS. Improving Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders for Sewing Machine Operators in Ethiopia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2022; 29:573-585. [PMID: 35341467 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2022.2058747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. The awkwardly designed sewing workstations in the garment industry cause work-related musculoskeletal disorders that cause global health concerns for industrial sewing operators. This study was conducted with the aims of evaluating health risks and improvement interventions for sewing operators in Ethiopia. Materials and methods. Strain index and standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal disorder questionnaires were used for data collection. Binary and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data and identify significant factors. Results. The study revealed that operators sitting chair design in the sewing section has significant correlation with the occurrence pain in different body parts particularly in the upper and lower back body parts with a high odds ratio of more than 93% in the low and upper back areas. Hence, the sitting chair was redesigned considering operator's anthropometric measurements and workstation requirements to improve workers safety and productivity. Conclusion. The study concludes that work related musculoskeletal disorders were significant in different body parts was crucial for appropriate intervention in redesigning the sewing workstations particularly the sitting chair to ensure health and safety of industrial sewing operators. The study therefore recommends implementation of the proposed ergonomic sitting chair to improve operators safety and productivity.
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Analyzing decline in quality of life by examining employment status changes of occupationally injured workers post medical care. Ann Occup Environ Med 2022; 34:e17. [PMID: 36093268 PMCID: PMC9436793 DOI: 10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the decline in quality of life (QOL) by examining changes in the employment status of workers who had completed medical treatment after an industrial accident. Methods This study utilized the Panel Study of Worker’s Compensation Insurance cohort (published in October 2020) containing a sample survey of 3,294 occupationally injured workers who completed medical care in 2017. We divided this population into four groups according to changes in working status. A multivariate logistic regression model was utilized for evaluating QOL decline by adjusting for the basic characteristics and working environment at the time of accident. Subgroup analysis evaluated whether QOL decline differed according to disability grade and industry group. Results The QOL decline in the “maintained employment,” “employed to unemployed,” “remained unemployed,” and “unemployed to employed” groups were 15.3%, 28.1%, 20.2%, and 11.9%, respectively. The “maintained employment” group provided a reference. As a result of adjusting for the socioeconomic status and working environment, the odds ratios (ORs) of QOL decline for the “employed to unemployed” group and the “remained unemployed” group were 2.13 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.51–3.01) and 1.47 (95% CI, 1.13–1.90), respectively. The “unemployed to employed” group had a non-significant OR of 0.76 (95% CI, 0.54–1.07). Conclusions This study revealed that continuous unemployment or unstable employment negatively affected industrially injured workers’ QOL. Policy researchers and relevant ministries should further develop and improve “return to work” programs that could maintain decent employment avenues within the workers’ compensation system.
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Pouradeli S, Rezaeian M, Rahmanian V. Epidemiology of occupational injuries in Kerman province during 2012-2016. J Inj Violence Res 2022; 14:65-73. [PMID: 35067499 PMCID: PMC9115809 DOI: 10.5249/jivr.v14i1.1580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the World Health Organization, occupational injuries are significant health issues globally that affect social lives and economic status. This study aimed to assess the situation of occupational injuries in the Kerman province. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, all occupational injuries registered in the Department of Cooperatives Labor and Social Welfare of Kerman Province were investigated during 2012-2016. Data were retrieved from an institutional database, including the official institutional software reports of Cooperatives Labor and Social Welfare occupational inspectors. The study used ArcGIS 10.3 software to prepare the geographical distribution of the cumulative incidence of occupational injuries on the map for each city. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. RESULTS A total of 2228 subjects with a mean age of 34 years and a mean work experience of 4.5years were injured during 5 years. 73.2% of them were married. 96.4% of them were Iranian, and 61.3% had insurance. The most number of injuries occurred in the construction industry, fractures being the typical outcome of the injuries. The most injured organ was the hands. Kerman has the highest number of injuries with 804 cases. Incidence rates ranged was 93 to 138 cases per 100,000 people in 5 years. The highest cumulative incidence rates of accidents occurred in Zarand and Kahnuj, respectively, in 5 years. CONCLUSIONS Despite the decrease in occupational injuries in recent years, it is a severe problem in Kerman province. Occupational injuries cause irreparable damages to human resources, and it, directly and indirectly, imposes costs for the family and the government. Therefore, considering safety in occupational environments to prevent occupational injuries should be a priority in planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Pouradeli
- Occupational Environment Research Center, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. & Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rezaeian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Occupational Environment Research Center, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Vahid Rahmanian
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
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Bae SW, Lee MY, Park SW, Lee G, Leigh JH. Satisfying medical and rehabilitation needs positively influences returning to work after a work-related injury: an analysis of national panel data from 2018 to 2019. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2017. [PMID: 34740350 PMCID: PMC8571869 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12064-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study examined how meeting the medical needs of injured workers after initial treatment may affect their return to work, using data from the Panel Study of Workers’ Compensation Insurance. Methods This study was designed as a longitudinal study, which used data from the second-year, follow-up survey conducted in the secondary cohort of the Panel Study of Workers’ Compensation Insurance. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval were estimated through binomial and multinomial logistic regression analyses to examine the effects of unmet medical needs on workers’ return to original work and return to work overall (including reemployment). Results The returned to original work OR of workers whose rehabilitation needs were met was 1.35 (1.12–1.63) while the return to work OR was 1.20 (1.03–1.41). The returned to original work OR of workers whose medical needs were met was 1.64 (1.18–2.27) while the return to work OR was 1.39 (1.07–1.80). In terms of disability rating, the return to work ORs of workers with mild disabilities whose medical/rehabilitation needs were not met and those of workers without disabilities were 1.71 (1.17–2.49) and 1.97 (1.27–3.08), respectively. In the case of regular/temporary workers, the returned-to-work ORs of workers whose medical/rehabilitation needs were not met were 1.54 (1.12–2.13) and 1.27 (1.03–1.56), respectively. Conclusions For workers who sustained work-related injuries, providing medical accessibility and meeting rehabilitation needs were found to be important predictors of return to work after initial treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-12064-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Won Bae
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Min-Yong Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Rehabilitation Medical Center, Korea Workers' Compensation and Welfare Service Incheon Hospital, Incheon, 21417, Korea
| | - Shin Who Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Rehabilitation Medical Center, Korea Workers' Compensation and Welfare Service Incheon Hospital, Incheon, 21417, Korea
| | - Gangpyo Lee
- Rehabilitation Medical Center, Korea Workers' Compensation and Welfare Service Incheon Hospital, Incheon, 21417, Korea.,Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Korea Workers' Compensation and Welfare Service Incheon Hospital, Incheon, 21417, Korea
| | - Ja-Ho Leigh
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Korea. .,National Traffic Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, National Traffic Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, Yangpyeong, 12564, Korea.
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Prevalence of Work-Related Injury and Its Determinants among Construction Workers in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 2021:9954084. [PMID: 34349807 PMCID: PMC8328706 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9954084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Construction is one of the highest risky jobs for accident-related fatalities and injuries globally. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of work-related injury and its associated factors among construction workers in Ethiopia. Methods A systematic literature search was performed by using PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of work-related injury and its associated factors. The heterogeneity of the studies was assessed by using the I2 test, and the presence of publication bias was evaluated by using funnel plot and Egger's test. Results After reviewing 292 articles, we included 10 studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria in the meta-analysis. The findings from the 10 studies showed that the pooled prevalence of work-related injury in Ethiopia was 46.78% (95% CI: 32.17, 61.38). The subgroup analysis of this study showed that the highest prevalence was reported in Addis Ababa with the prevalence of 55.9% (25.42, 86.4), followed by a study conducted in Oromia Region with a prevalence of 43.3% (33.3, 53.3). Lack of occupational safety training (OR: 2.43, 95% CI: 1.76, 3.35), not using of personal protective equipment (OR: 2.32, 95% CI: 1.80, 2.99), and male workers (OR: 2.44, 95% CI: 1.15, 5.17) were the major factors significantly associated with the occurrence of work-related injury among construction workers. Conclusions This study confirmed that construction is still a high-risk job with a high prevalence of work-related injury in Ethiopia. The modifiable risk factors such as the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), lack of safety training, and gender were the major associated factors with injury. Therefore, a continuous safety training and awareness creation program on risk-taking behavior should be given to construction workers.
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Liu H, Li J, Li H, Li H, Mao P, Yuan J. Risk Perception and Coping Behavior of Construction Workers on Occupational Health Risks-A Case Study of Nanjing, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18137040. [PMID: 34280977 PMCID: PMC8297174 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18137040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To reduce harm caused by occupational health risks of construction workers exposed to working environments, especially those for interior decoration, it is crucial for them to actively recognize and prevent these risks. Therefore, how to improve their occupational health risks perception and regulate their coping behaviors should be of great concern. However, most prior studies target construction worker safety, and little research focuses on risk analysis from the psychological level of workers. Hence, construction workers' occupational health risk perception level and coping behavior level in Nanjing and the influencing factors were analyzed through statistical analysis with 341 valid questionnaires. Bootstrapping was applied to test the mediating effects of risk perception on the proposed factors and coping behaviors. This study revealed that construction workers have a high-level of occupational health risk perception, yet low-level coping behavior. Gender, age, education level, and unit qualification cause differences in individual risk perception level. Personal knowledge and group effects significantly affect the level of risk perception, which subsequently affect coping behavior. Education level, monthly income, and personal knowledge influence the coping behavior through risk perception. Recommendations were put forward for risk perception and coping behavior improvement from the perspectives of construction workers themselves, enterprises, and governments. This study sheds new light for research areas of occupational health and risk management and provides beneficial practice for improving construction workers' responses to occupational health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Construction Management, College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Jie Li
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
| | - Hongyang Li
- Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China;
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - He Li
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China;
| | - Peng Mao
- Department of Construction Management, College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-138-0517-1820
| | - Jingfeng Yuan
- Department of Construction and Real Estate, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China;
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Bae SW, Jeong I, Yoon JH, Lee SW, Kim TH, Won JU. Relationship between workers' return to work, job retention and income in industrial accidents in Korea: a longitudinal study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e039948. [PMID: 33837092 PMCID: PMC8043011 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to compare workers' income before and after an occupational injury, with regard to return to work and job retention, over a period of 5 years. DESIGN This study was designed as a longitudinal study. SETTING The Panel Study of Workers' Compensation Insurance (PSWCI) survey targeted workers involved in industrial accidents for which medical care was terminated in the year 2012. PARTICIPANTS The panel study was conducted on a final sample of 2000 workers who were selected proportionally by region (nine regions) after priority assignment by disability rating (six levels). A total of 1458 workers were finally included in this study. METHODS This study used data from the first to fifth PSWCI. To identify the effect on income after occupational injury considering return to work and job retention, we used the generalised estimating equation. RESULTS In regard to workers' return to work, the OR that income after an occupational injury would be higher than that before an occupational injury was 3.17 (2.41-4.17) for those who returned to original work and 2.32 (1.81-2.97) for those re-employed as compared with who did not return to work and 1.27 (1.07-1.15) for those who retained their job as compared with those who did not. The ORs were 2.91 (2.26-3.75) for those who were re-employed and retained jobs and 2.96 (2.15-4.08) for those who returned to original work and did not retain jobs as compared with those who did not return to work and did not retain jobs. CONCLUSIONS It is important for accident victims to retain their jobs to maintain their economic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Won Bae
- Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Inchul Jeong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jin-Ha Yoon
- Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Wook Lee
- Labor Welfare Research Institute, Korea Workers' Compensation & Welfare Service, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Kim
- Department of Hospital Administration, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Uk Won
- Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Bulto TW. Influence of particulate matter on human health in selected African provinces: mini-review. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2021; 36:9-14. [PMID: 32866130 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2020-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Air contamination influenced the human health and environmental well-being of the ecosystem. Particulate matter is a series of issues from major air pollutants in atmosphere. The aim of the review was to analyses the influence of particulate matter on human health and estimate the number of populations exposed to air pollution. The data analysed using the Environmental Benefits Mapping Analysis program model to selected African provinces. The review used 15% rollback data from the global burden disease and 5.8 µg/m³ the concentration of air pollutants from 1990 to 2013 years. The main findings of the study revealed that about 370 million (36.6%) population affected by air pollution. Besides, the risk factor associated with a population was 53,000 deaths per total population and 50,000 life-year losses. The economic value estimated to avoid a single case of particular matter on human health effect were estimated 14 billion dollars (US 2011). Priorities should be given to air quality management to improve the human and environmental health of ecosystems to reduce the global burden of disease of Africa regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadesse W Bulto
- Department of Environmental Management, Kotebe Metropolitan University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Meseret M, Ehetie T, Hailye G, Regasa Z, Biruk K. Occupational injury and associated factors among construction workers in Ethiopia: a systematic and meta-analysis. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2021; 77:328-337. [PMID: 33754951 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2021.1893629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational injury is any personal injury, disease or death resulting from an occupational accident sustained on worker in connection with the performance of his or her work. Studies conducted in Ethiopia indicated variable findings ranging from 30% to 84.7% prevalence of occupational injury among construction workers. Therefore, the main aim of this systematic and meta-analysis was to pool the estimates and find the reasons for variability of the findings. METHODS The review has been registered at PROSPERO with registration identification number CRD42020222785. PubMed, Advanced Google search and Google Scholar databases were searched up to June 20, 2020 to identify relevant articles. Stata v14 (StataCorp, College Station, Texas, USA) was used for meta-analysis. Publication bias was assessed by the funnel plot and more objectively by Egger's regression test. I-squared statistics was used to check the heterogeneity of the studies. RESULT This research searched a total of, 1241articles, from these articles 1189 from PubMed, 21 from advanced Google search and 31 from Google scholar databases. A total of 12 studies were included in the analysis and all of them were institutional based cross-sectional studies. All studies were conducted from 2004 to 2018 but published from 2007 to 2019. The prevalence of occupational injury among included studies ranges from 30% to 84.7% while the pooled prevalence of occupational injury among construction workers was 45.64% with 95%CI (33.54-57.74). The effect of each variables against occupational injury was pooled and PPE use [AOR = 1.75, 95%CI (1.46, 2.1)], occupational safety training [AOR = 1.63, 95%CI (1.13, 2.34)] and existence of regular supervision [AOR = 1.4, 95%CI (1.16, 1.68)] were significantly associated to occupational injury among construction workers at p-value ≤ 0.05 with 95% CI. CONCLUSION The prevalence of occupational injury among construction workers is still very high and variables such as PPE use, occupational safety training and existence of regular supervision were factors affecting occupational injury among construction workers. Supply and use of PPE, provision of occupational safety training and regular supervision of workers has to be in place in order to reduce or remove occupational injury among construction workers in Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maru Meseret
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Tewodros Ehetie
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Gizaw Hailye
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Zegeye Regasa
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Kirubel Biruk
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
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Assessment of Occupational Injury among Industrial Workers in the Bahir Dar City of Northwest Ethiopia: Institution-Based Cross-Sectional Study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 2021:2793053. [PMID: 33824666 PMCID: PMC8007376 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2793053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Ethiopia is one of the economically fastest growing countries in the world. Industries in Ethiopia are booming, and Bahir Dar is one of the industrial zones in the country. The city administration is planning to recruit the majority of the workforce in these industries. However, injuries related to occupations in the industries are not that much studied yet. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of occupational injury and its associated factors among industrial workers in the Bahir Dar city of Northwest Ethiopia. Methods and Materials Institution-based cross-sectional study design was used. Multistage stratified random sampling technique was employed to select 846 study participants from each stratum (small-, medium-, and large-scale industries). Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 21. Binary logistic regression was employed to determine the existence of an association between dependent and independent variables. Result A total of 803 participants were included in the study with a response rate of 95%. The mean age of respondents was 28.9 years (SD ± 8 years). Five hundred nine (63.4%) were occupationally injured in the last 12 months. Sex (AOR = 3.66, 95% CI = (2.53-5.29)), employment status (AOR = 7.33, 95% CI = (3.31-16.22)), regular health and safety supervision (AOR = 2.66, 95% CI= (1.79-3.96)), training prior to entry to actual work (AOR = 3.18, 95% CI= (2.14-4.74)), and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) (AOR = 2.48, 95% CI= (1.74-3.56)) were significantly associated with occupational injury. Conclusion The prevalence of occupational injury in this research is found to be very high. It is advisable to provide sustainable training and regular occupational health and safety supervision for industrial workers in the city. Moreover, research has to be conducted to know the reasons for the difference in the prevalence of occupational injury between large-, medium-, and small-scale industries.
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Laeke T, Tirsit A, Kassahun A, Sahlu A, Yesehak B, Getahun S, Zenebe E, Deyassa N, Moen BE, Lund-Johansen M, Sundstrøm T. Prospective Study of Surgery for Traumatic Brain Injury in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Surgical Procedures, Complications, and Postoperative Outcomes. World Neurosurg 2021; 150:e316-e323. [PMID: 33706016 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important cause of trauma-related mortality and morbidity in Ethiopia. There are significant resource limitations along the entire continuum of care, and little is known about the neurosurgical activity and patient outcomes. METHODS All surgically treated TBI patients at the 4 teaching hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia were prospectively registered from October 2012 to December 2016. Data registration included surgical procedures, complications, reoperations, discharge outcomes, and mortality. RESULTS A total of 1087 patients were included. The most common procedures were elevation of depressed skull fractures (49.5%) and craniotomies (47.9%). Epidural hematoma was the most frequent indication for a craniotomy (74.7%). Most (77.7%) patients were operated within 24 hours of admission. The median hospital stay for depressed skull fracture operations or craniotomies was 4 days. Decompressive craniectomy was only done in 10 patients. Postoperative complications were seen in 17% of patients, and only 3% were reoperated. Cerebrospinal fluid leak was the most common complication (7.9%). The overall mortality was 8.2%. Diagnosis, admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, surgical procedure, and complications were significant predictors of discharge GCS score (P < 0.01). Age, admission GCS score, and length of hospital stay were significantly associated with mortality (P ≤ 0.005). CONCLUSIONS The injury panorama, surgical activity, and outcome are significantly influenced by patient selection due to deficits within both prehospital and hospital care. Still, the neurosurgical services benefit a large number of patients in the greater Addis region and are qualitatively comparable with reports from high-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsegazeab Laeke
- Surgery Department, Neurosurgery Unit, Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Abenezer Tirsit
- Surgery Department, Neurosurgery Unit, Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Azarias Kassahun
- Surgery Department, Neurosurgery Unit, Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abat Sahlu
- Surgery Department, Neurosurgery Unit, Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Betelehem Yesehak
- Surgery Department, Neurosurgery Unit, Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Samuel Getahun
- Surgery Department, Neurosurgery Unit, Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Eyob Zenebe
- Surgery Department, Neurosurgery Unit, Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Negussie Deyassa
- School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Bente E Moen
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Center for International Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Morten Lund-Johansen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Terje Sundstrøm
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Laeke T, Tirsit A, Kassahun A, Sahlu A, Debebe T, Yesehak B, Masresha S, Deyassa N, Moen BE, Lund-Johansen M, Sundstrøm T. Prospective Study of Surgery for Traumatic Brain Injury in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Trauma Causes, Injury Types, and Clinical Presentation. World Neurosurg 2021; 149:e460-e468. [PMID: 33567370 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a public health problem in Ethiopia. More knowledge about the epidemiology and neurosurgical management of TBI patients is needed to identify possible focus areas for quality improvement and preventive efforts. METHODS This prospective cross-sectional study (2012-2016) was performed at the 4 teaching hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. All surgically treated TBI patients were included, and data on clinical presentation, injury types, and trauma causes were collected. RESULTS We included 1087 patients (mean age 29 years; 8.7% females; 17.1% <18 years old). Only 15.5% of TBIs were classified as severe (Glasgow Coma Scale score 3-8). Depressed skull fracture (44.9%) and epidural hematoma (39%) were the most frequent injuries. Very few patients had polytrauma (3.1%). Assault was the most common injury mechanism (69.9%) followed by road traffic accidents (15.8%) and falls (8.1%). More than 80% of patients came from within 200 km of the hospitals, but the median time to admission was 24 hours. Most assault victims (80.4%) were injured >50 km from the hospitals, whereas 46% of road traffic accident victims came from the urban area. Delayed admission was associated with higher Glasgow Coma Scale scores and nonsevere TBI (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The injury panorama, delayed admission, and small number of operations performed for severe TBI are linked to a substantial patient selection bias both before and after hospital admission. Our results also suggest that there should be a geographical framework for tailored guidelines, preventive efforts, and development of prehospital and hospital services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsegazeab Laeke
- Neurosurgery Unit, Surgery Department, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Abenezer Tirsit
- Neurosurgery Unit, Surgery Department, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Azarias Kassahun
- Neurosurgery Unit, Surgery Department, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abat Sahlu
- Neurosurgery Unit, Surgery Department, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tequam Debebe
- Department of Radiology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Betelehem Yesehak
- Neurosurgery Unit, Surgery Department, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Samuel Masresha
- Neurosurgery Unit, Surgery Department, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Negussie Deyassa
- School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Bente E Moen
- Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Morten Lund-Johansen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Terje Sundstrøm
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Bae SW. Effect of professional certification on employees' return-to-work rate after occupational injuries in Korea: focusing on vulnerable groups. Environ Health Prev Med 2021; 26:6. [PMID: 33435870 PMCID: PMC7802128 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-020-00930-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One effective way to improve return-to-work (RTW) performance may be to convince the employer that the worker has the necessary skills. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of having a professional certification among workers injured in occupational injuries on their return to work. Methods The Panel Study of Workers’ Compensation Insurance (PSWCI) targets workers who completed medical care in 2012 after an occupational injury. The study population (n = 2000) was stratified by gender, age, region, disability grade, and rehabilitation service use. A total of 1458 workers were finally selected for this study. The effect of having a certification on RTW status was calculated with an odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals using binomial and multinomial logistic regression analyses. In the binomial logistic regression analysis, the RTW group was made up as a combination of the return to original work and the reemployment groups. Results The ORs of RTW among those with a certification compared to those without certification were 1.38 (1.16–1.65) in Model 1, 1.25 (1.05–1.50) in Model 2, and 1.22 (1.01–1.47) in Model 3. Among female workers with a certification, the OR of RTW was 4.60 (2.68–7.91), that of return to original work was 3.21 (1.74–5.91), and that of reemployment was 5.85 (3.34–10.27). Among daily workers with a certification, the OR of RTW was 1.32 (1.03–1.69) and that of reemployment was 1.37 (1.07–1.76). Conclusion In conclusion, injured workers with a certification generally had a higher RTW rate. In particular, the RTW rate was higher among female workers and daily workers with a certification than among those without.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Won Bae
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea. .,The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Regina DL, Kanagalakshmi V, Alex RG. Profile, risk factors and outcome of occupational injuries reported to the emergency department in a tertiary care hospital in South India. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:5684-5688. [PMID: 33532414 PMCID: PMC7842461 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1352_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: India is an industrialised country and most work is labour intensive. There is very scarce data on occupation related injuries Aim: To evaluate the prevalence, profile, severity and risk factors for occupational injuries presenting to the emergency medicine department of a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done in the emergency department of Christian Medical College, Vellore among the patients who presented with occupational injuries. The risk factors for occupational injuries like age, gender, shift work, work experience and type of work and their severity and outcome were evaluated. Results: Older age group, working in shift duty, working longer hours were significant risk factors for occupational injuries. Conclusion: Training and use of safety protective measures will decrease occupational injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya L Regina
- Department and Accident and Emergecy Medicine, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Kanagalakshmi
- Community Medicine, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Reginald George Alex
- Department and Accident and Emergecy Medicine, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Sehsah R, El-Gilany AH, Ibrahim AM. Personal protective equipment (PPE) use and its relation to accidents among construction workers. LA MEDICINA DEL LAVORO 2020; 111:285-295. [PMID: 32869765 PMCID: PMC7809954 DOI: 10.23749/mdl.v111i4.9398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: The construction industry is characterized by a high prevalence of accidents and injuries. Inadequate risk management measures, including failure to use or incorrect use of personal protective equipment (PPE) may significantly increase the risk of accidents. Objectives: The main objectives of the current study were to measure the prevalence of PPE use and accidents and their associated factors among construction workers. Methods: A cross-sectional field study with an analytic component was carried out on 384 workers from different sites in Port-Said, Egypt, using an interview administered questionnaire. The questionnaire included sociodemographic and occupational data, practice of PPE use and accident analysis. Results: About 60% of workers use PPE during work. Main reasons for non-use are discomfort, lack of knowledge on how to use it and poor fit. Occupational accidents in the last 12 months were reported by 64.3% of workers. The main accident types were: being hit by falling objects, falls from height, and tool related accidents. Safety training was the significant independent predictor of PPE use (AOR=2.0). However, age, marital status, smoking, safety training, and PPE use were also significant independent predictors of accidents (AOR=2.4, 3.1, 0.5, 0.5, and 0.2; respectively). Discussion: Among construction workers, PPE utilization is low with significant relation to safety training while occupational accidents are common and significantly related to safety training and PPE use. Therefore, safety training should be provided, and PPE use should be enforced at construction sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa Sehsah
- Occupational Health and Industrial Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | | | - Ateya Megahed Ibrahim
- Family and Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt.
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Abukhashabah E, Summan A, Balkhyour M. Occupational accidents and injuries in construction industry in Jeddah city. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:1993-1998. [PMID: 32714023 PMCID: PMC7376124 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In Saudi Arabia, the construction industry has been growing remarkably during the past several years. However, the most hazardous worksites in the country may be found in this industry. This study identified the causes of accidents and injuries in the construction industry among 300 workers in Jeddah City, situated on the coast of the Red Sea. Results from the questionnaire showed that the major cause of accidents and injuries is the lack of awareness about occupational safety and lack of experience among the workers (>82%); and the most common type of accidents and injuries that occur in the construction industry, are workers falling from a height (>80%), and electrical shock (>60%). Recommendations to prevent accidents and injuries in this industry are provided in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Abukhashabah
- Environmental Sciences Dept. Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture - King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Summan
- Environmental Sciences Dept. Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture - King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour Balkhyour
- Environmental Sciences Dept. Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture - King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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The Prevalence of Occupational Injuries and Associated Risk Factors among Workers in Bahir Dar Textile Share Company, Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 2020:2875297. [PMID: 32774391 PMCID: PMC7396106 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2875297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Occupational injuries are occurrences arising out of, or in the course of, work which results in a fatal or nonfatal injury, e.g., a fall from a height or contact with moving machines. They pose psychological, behavioral, social, vocational, and economic problems. No previous studies have been conducted on the prevalence and associated risk factors of occupational injuries among workers in Bahir Dar Textile Share Company (SC). Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of occupational injury in Bahir Dar Textile SC, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among employees of Bahir Dar Textile SC in 2019. Three hundred (195 males and 105 females) employees were selected using proportional simple random sampling from the spinning, weaving, finishing, engineering, and administration sections. Results The one-year and the two-week occupational injury prevalences were 42.7% and 6.7%, respectively. The one-year report from all the respondents shows that abrasion (10.7%) and eye injury (7.7%) were the two top injuries, hands (12.7%) and eyes (7.7%) were the top injured body parts, and machines (22.7%) and falling/slipping (6.3%) caused most injuries. Statistically significant differences in injuries (p < 0.05) were observed due to variations in gender, job category, exposure to vibration, exposure to rays/welding sparks, and labor-intensive work. The weaving section was positively associated with occupational injuries at AOR = 4.497 and p=0.05. Conclusions Occupational injuries prevalence is high over the last year. The major causes of injuries were machines and falling/slipping, while the major injuries were abrasions, eye injuries, sprains, and burns. The factors significantly associated with occupational injuries were male gender, job category, use of vibrating tools, high intensive work, and rays/welding sparks. Occupational safety and health training, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and shifting employees from intensive works are recommended.
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Birhane GE, Yang L, Geng J, Zhu J. Causes of construction injuries: a review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2020; 28:343-353. [DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2020.1761678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Getnet Engeda Birhane
- School of Economics and Management, Anhui University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Economics and Management, Anhui University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - Jichao Geng
- School of Economics and Management, Anhui University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - Junqi Zhu
- School of Economics and Management, Anhui University of Science and Technology, PR China
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Anteneh A, Endris BS. Injury related adult deaths in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: analysis of data from verbal autopsy. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:926. [PMID: 32539824 PMCID: PMC7294602 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08944-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Injury related deaths are causing huge impact on families and communities throughout the world. Reports show that developing countries are highly affected by injury deaths. Ethiopia is among the countries that are highly affected by injury deaths especially road traffic accident. Previous studies in Ethiopia concerning injury deaths were mostly based on hospital records. However, in the context of Ethiopia, where majority of the deaths are happening outside health facilities, hospital-based studies cannot give the exact proportion of injury deaths. This study aimed to assess the proportion and types of injury deaths in Addis Ababa and the distribution with different socio-demographic characteristics using data from verbal autopsy. Methods We used verbal autopsy data of Addis Ababa Mortality Surveillance Program. The basic source of data for Addis Ababa Mortality Surveillance is burial surveillance from all cemeteries of Addis Ababa. We analyzed causes of injury mortality by different characteristics and tried to show the trends. Results Over the 8 years period of time injury has contributed about 7 % of the total deaths. Majority of injury related deaths were among males. Traffic accidents were the major injury related deaths for both sexes; intentional self-harm was highly observed among males compared with females. The findings of this study showed that the proportion of injury related deaths decreased with increasing age. Conclusions This study witnessed that deaths resulting from injuries are substantial health challenges in Addis Ababa. Road traffic accident is the most common cause of injury related deaths in the study area. The findings also indicated that males and the productive age groups are highly affected by injury deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aderaw Anteneh
- Population Services International-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Bilal Shikur Endris
- PI of AAMSP, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Alamneh YM, Wondifraw AZ, Negesse A, Ketema DB, Akalu TY. The prevalence of occupational injury and its associated factors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Occup Med Toxicol 2020; 15:14. [PMID: 32518580 PMCID: PMC7271426 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-020-00265-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupation related fatality and mortality rate is becoming the devastating issue globally as reported by the International Labor Organization (ILO). Though there are reports about exposure and burden of occupational injury from the regional states, the studies were fragmented and inconclusive ones at the national level. Hence, the authors' intention being to come up with the national pooled estimates of occupation related injury and the associated factors in Ethiopia. METHODS The international reputable databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect and Cochrane Library), cross-referencing and manual search strategies were explored rigorously following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocol (PRISMA-P) guideline. Studies that reported the prevalence of occupational injury were included for this systematic review and meta-analysis. The Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment tool scale for cross-sectional studies was used for the critical appraisal of the studies. The heterogeneity between the studies was checked using Cochran Q statistic with the inverse variance (I2) value. Random effects meta-analysis was considered assess the summative effect size of occupational injury and the factors associated with it. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were also employed to identify the possible source of heterogeneity and factors associated with occupational injury respectively. Both Egger's and Begg's test with the p-value less than 5% were used to declare the presence of publication bias. RESULTS A total of 23 original studies were considered to estimate the pooled effect size of occupational injury in Ethiopia. The pooled prevalence of occupational injury in Ethiopia was 44.66% (95% CI: 43.83, 45.49). Based on the subgroup analysis, the highest prevalence of occupational injury was reported from the construction sites (50.8%) in particular of the Addis Ababa city administration (49.5.Being male workers [OR = 1.46 (95% CI: 1.01, 2.11)], working more than eight hours per day [OR = 2.84 (95% CI: 1.81, 4.46)], absence of supervision for labor workers [OR = 1.60 (95% CI: 1.08, 2.37)], lack of personal protective equipment [OR = 3.01 (95% CI: 1.61, 5.63)] and lack of occupational health and safety training [OR = 1.49 (95% CI: 1.15, 1.92)] had increased odds of occupational injury. CONCLUSION Based on this systematic review and meta-analysis, it is concluded that nearly half of the labor workers in Ethiopia were experienced occupational injury. This issue was more encountered among the labor workers of construction sites and whose working place were at the Addis Ababa city administration respectively. Being male sex, working more than eight hours per day, lack of personal protective equipment, lack of supervision, and lack of training about occupational health and safety had increased odds of occupational injury in Ethiopia. Hence, the concerned body should give special emphasis for all the explored factors in order to minimize occupation related injury, mortality and morbidity in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoseph Merkeb Alamneh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Debre Markos University, P.O. Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Abriham Zegeye Wondifraw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Debre Markos University, P.O. Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Ayenew Negesse
- Department of Human Nutrition and Food Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, P.O. Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
- Academic Center of Excellence for Human Nutrition, School of Human Nutrition, Food Science and Technology, Hawassa University, Awasa, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Bekele Ketema
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, P.O. Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Yirga Akalu
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, P.O. Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
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Alemu AA, Yitayew M, Azazeh A, Kebede S. Utilization of personal protective equipment and associated factors among building construction workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:794. [PMID: 32460738 PMCID: PMC7251725 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08889-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personal protective equipment (PPE) is a material, device, equipment, or clothing used or worn by workers to reduce their chance of exposure or contact with any harmful material or energy that causes injury, disease, or even death. The use of PPE is a universal legal requirement to reduce occupational injuries and illnesses in the workplace. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess PPE utilization and its associated factors among building construction workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019. METHODS Institution based quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted on the selected construction sites of Addis Ababa city from April 1 to May 18, 2019. Data were collected among all (206) building construction workers via interviewer-administered questionnaires. Data were entered into Epi info version 7.1 and exported to SPSS version 25 statistical software for analysis. Variables with a p-value of less than 0.20 in bivariate analysis were included in multivariate logistic regression. Finally, variables with a p-value of less than 0.05 in multivariate analysis were considered as significantly associated. RESULTS The utilization of at least one PPE among building construction workers in Addis Ababa was found to be 38%. The majority (41.1%) of the participants' reason for not using PPE were the unavailability of PPE followed by absence of orientation on using PPE (21.3%). The majority (35.3%) and (32.2%) of participants knew abrasion as a type of injury and suffered from abrasion respectively. Factors associated with utilization of PPE were the presence of training on PPE use (AOR = 4.8; 95% CI: 2.3, 10.3), presence of safety training (AOR = 2,8; 95% CI:1.5, 5.2), safety orientation before commencing work (AOR = 4.0; 95% CI:1.9, 9.0) and presence of supervision (AOR = 5.0; 95% CI:1.9,13). CONCLUSIONS PPE utilization among building construction workers in Addis Ababa was low. The main reasons for non-utilization of PPE were unavailability of the materials and the absence of orientation on using PPE. The presence of PPE use training, presence of safety training, safety orientation, and governmental supervision were factors associated with PPE utilization. There should be continuous supervision of construction sites to assure all workers get material and training on how to use it.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meseret Yitayew
- College of Health Sciences, Assosa University, Assosa, Ethiopia
| | - Aklilu Azazeh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Sofia Kebede
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Abere G, Yenealem DG, Wami SD. Occupational Exposure to Blood and Body Fluids among Health Care Workers in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia: A Result from Cross-Sectional Study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 2020:3640247. [PMID: 32508935 PMCID: PMC7245691 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3640247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Health care workers are at the greatest risk of developing blood-borne diseases through occupational exposure to blood and other contaminated body fluids. Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids (BBFs) continues to be the major public health problems and serious concern for the health care force in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the prevalence of exposure to blood and other body fluids and its associated risk factors among health care workers. Methods The institution-based cross-sectional study design was employed from January 20 to February 30, 2018. A stratified random sampling followed by a simple random sampling technique was used to select 286 study participants. Data were collected using a pretested and structured questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with occupational exposure to BBFs. The significance level was obtained at a 95% confidence interval (CI) and p value ≤ 0.05. Results The prevalence of occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among health care workers in the last 12 months was 65.3% (95% CI: 59.4, 70.9). Lack of readily available personal protective equipment (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)) = 3.01, 95% CI: 1.56, 5.84), lack of training (AOR = 3.36, 95% CI: 1.1, 11.2), Khat chewing (AOR = 2.74, 95% CI: 1.3, 5.8), and being a medical doctor (AOR = 5.1, 95% CI: 1.68, 15.21) were significantly associated risk factors with occupational exposure to blood and other body fluids. Conclusions In this study, occupational exposure to blood and other body fluids among health care workers remains a major health problem. Hence, ensuring the availability of personal protective equipment, developing strategies on banning, and strict monitoring of Khat chewing and training on infection prevention should be emphasized to minimize the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giziew Abere
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Dawit Getachew Yenealem
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Sintayehu Daba Wami
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Factors Associated with Occupational Injury among Hydropower Dam Construction Workers, South East Ethiopia, 2018. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6152612. [PMID: 32420355 PMCID: PMC7201475 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6152612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Occupational injuries pose a major public health and socioeconomic developmental problems. Globally, 160 million people encounter occupational injuries; the International Labour Organization estimates that the cost is 4% of the global gross domestic product (GDP) or 1.25 trillion United States Dollar (USD). The second-largest number of occupational injuries was reported from the construction industries. There are limited studies about the prevalence and factors associated with occupational injuries among dam construction workers in Ethiopia. Hence, this study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and associated factors of occupational injury among Genale Dawa hydropower dam construction workers. Method Institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Genale Dawa 3D hydropower dam construction project from April 1 to 22, 2018. Four hundred and five workers were included in the study. An Oromiffa version pretested, semistructured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were entered into Epi-info version 7, and analysis was done using SPSS version 20 software. Bivariable and multivariate binary logistic regression was used to see the association between predictors and the dependent variable. The 95% CI and adjusted odds ratio with a P value of 0.05 was used to fit the final model. Results The prevalence of occupational injuries in the earlier 12 months before the study was 57.8% with (95% CI (52.8, 62.7)). Age, educational status, alcohol consumption, job stress, work shift, and working hours per week were factors significantly associated with occupational injury. Conclusion and recommendation. Occupational injuries were common among dam construction workers. Conducting regular monitoring of substance abuse, avoiding overtime work, rotation of the work shift, and considering age and the educational status during employee recruitment can be effective to decrease the prevalence of occupational injuries.
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Nonfatal Occupational Injuries among Workers in Microscale and Small-Scale Woodworking Enterprise in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 2020:6407236. [PMID: 32089714 PMCID: PMC7013297 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6407236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Microscale and small-scale industries have been widely expanded in low-income countries, including Ethiopia, as a job opportunity for young workers, which makes workers vulnerable to injury. Woodworking is one of the high-risk jobs in this sector due to the use of hazardous tools and machineries. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of injury and associated contributing factors of this sector. Methods A cross-sectional study design was conducted among 634 workers selected from 194 microscale and small-scale woodworking enterprises in Addis Ababa. Data were collected using a structured interview questionnaire and observation checklist from February to March 2016. Occupational injuries were documented according to the ILO operational definition. Descriptive statistics and multivariable analyses were used to characterize the data and to identify the factors associated with injury at a p value <0.05, respectively. Result A total of 625 (98.6%) workers were interviewed. The prevalence of occupational injury was 92 (14.7%) in the past 12 months. Workers with khat chewing behavior (AOR: 2.25, 95% CI (1.04, 4.85)), job dissatisfaction (AOR: 2.89, 95% CI (1.75, 4.76)), work-related stress (AOR: 4.79, 95% CI (1.69–13.58)), job categories (AOR: 3.52, 95% CI (1.08, 11.41)) and workplace characteristics such as unguarded machines (AOR: 3.32 (1.21, 9.11)), and inadequate work space (AOR: 3.85 (1.14, 13.04)) were significantly associated with occupational injury. Conclusion The prevalence of nonfatal occupational injuries among workers in this study was substantially high. Workers' behavior, psychosocial issues, and work-related characteristics played a causal role in the occurrence of occupational injury. Therefore, workers' safety protection and behavioral intervention should be initiated.
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D'mello M, Serrao A. Occupational injuries among building construction workers in Mangalore, India: A cross-sectional study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/ijhas.ijhas_44_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Berhanu F, Gebrehiwot M, Gizaw Z. Workplace injury and associated factors among construction workers in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20:523. [PMID: 31706352 PMCID: PMC6842467 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2917-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The construction industry is one of the most hazardous working areas, where the highest number of labourers engaged. However, the predisposing factors for occupational injury in the construction sites in Ethiopia are not well investigated. This study was, therefore, conducted to assess the magnitude of occupational injury and associated factors among construction workers in Gondar town, northwest Ethiopia. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 566 construction workers. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select study subjects. Data were collected using structured questionnaire and observation checklist. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify variables significantly associated with occupational injury on the basis of adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and p < 0.05. RESULTS The overall prevalence of work-related injury in 3 months prior to the survey was found to be 39% (95% CI = 35.0-43.1%). The occurrence of occupational injury was associated with single workers [AOR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.25, 0.97], longer service year [AOR = 2.79, 95% CI = 1.72-4.53], poor attention to work [AOR = 2.65, 95% CI = 1.33, 5.29], working with vibrating hand tools [AOR = 3.23, 95% CI = 1.19, 8.76], no aware about occupational hazards [AOR = 4.66, 95% CI = 1.99, 10.87], and alcohol consumption [AOR = 3.16, 95% CI = 2.09, 4.79]. CONCLUSION High prevalence of occupational injury was reported in the study area. Cut and fall were the leading causes. Marital status, service year, attention to work, use of vibrating hand tools, awareness about occupational hazards, and drinking alcohol were identified as factors associated with occupational injury. Therefore, health and safety trainings have to be taken place to aware workers about occupational injury and safety issues. Regular workplace supervision and provision of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) are also needed to prevent occupational injury. The findings of this study are useful to design and implement injury prevention strategies in the country. The study also contributes to the current literature as health and safety information is limited, especially in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mulat Gebrehiwot
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Zemichael Gizaw
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Kiconco A, Ruhinda N, Halage AA, Watya S, Bazeyo W, Ssempebwa JC, Byonanebye J. Determinants of occupational injuries among building construction workers in Kampala City, Uganda. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1444. [PMID: 31684942 PMCID: PMC6829830 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7799-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, about 1000 people die and close to 860,000 people sustain injury at work daily. Injury prevention and control require contextual evidence, although most studies in Uganda have focused on general causes. Factors associated with occupational injuries among building construction workers were assessed in this study. Methods A cross-sectional study among building construction workers was conducted in Kampala, Uganda. A standardized semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Three hundred nineteen (319) participants were randomly and proportionately selected from 57 construction sites. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the variables while generalized linear modeling was used to estimate the crude/adjusted prevalence ratios. Results The prevalence of occupational injuries was 32.4%. Most injuries, approximately 70% occurred among nightshift workers. Age of ≤24 years (APR: 2.09 CI: 1.20–3.65, P = 0.009); daily income in or above the second quartile−USD ≥3.2 (APR: 1.72, CI: 1.06–2.80, P = 0.028); job dissatisfaction (APR: 1.63, CI: 1.17–2.27, P = 0.004); job stress (APR: 1.72, CI: 1.22–2.41, P = 0.004); poor safety environment (APR: 1.51, CI: 1.10–2.05, P = 0.009); PPE provision (APR: 1.47, CI: 1.05–2.05, P = 0.02) and routine use of PPE (APR: 0.57, CI: 0.34–0.95, P = 0.03) were significantly associated with occupational injuries. Conclusion There was a relatively high prevalence of injuries mostly resulting from cuts and mostly suffered on night duty. Upper and lower extremities were the most hurt parts of the body during injury leading to loss of a substantial number of productive days. This could affect the health and wellbeing of construction workers. Most of the factors significantly associated with occupational injuries are modifiable thus an opportunity to address the problem. Efforts towards integrating education for behaviour change, advocacy and training workers to demand for their rights to safe and protection at work and legislation enforcement can help reduce occupational injury occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Kiconco
- Makerere University School of Public Health, P. O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Nathan Ruhinda
- Makerere University School of Public Health, P. O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Abdullah Ali Halage
- Makerere University School of Public Health, P. O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Stephen Watya
- Makerere University School of Public Health, P. O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - William Bazeyo
- Makerere University School of Public Health, P. O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - John C Ssempebwa
- Makerere University School of Public Health, P. O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
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Gebremeskel TG, Yimer T. Prevalence of occupational injury and associated factors among building construction workers in Dessie town, Northeast Ethiopia; 2018. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:481. [PMID: 31382990 PMCID: PMC6683456 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4436-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the prevalence of occupational injury and associated factors among building construction workers in Dessie town, Northeast Ethiopia. RESULT The prevalence of occupational injury was 32.6% 95% CI (27.8-37.4). Male workers [AOR: 1.775, 95% CI (1.108-2.844)], uneducated [AOR: 3.327, 95% CI (1.262-8.771)], training [AOR: 2.053, 95% CI (1.004-4.195)] and Uses of PPE [AOR: 2.076, 95% CI (1.253-3.439)]. In focus group discussions negligence of the workers and lack of awareness were factors significantly associated with Occupational injury. The occupational injury was high among construction workers. Sex, Educational status, Safety training, Personal protective equipment were statically significantly associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teferi Gebru Gebremeskel
- Department of Reproductive Health, College of Health Sciences, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Yimer
- Department of Public Health in Occupational Health and Safety Management, College of Health Medicine and Sciences, Gondar University, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Bae SW, Oh SS, Park WM, Roh J, Won JU. Changes in Income after an Industrial Accident According to Industry and Return-to-Work Status. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16142603. [PMID: 31336629 PMCID: PMC6678677 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16142603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate changes in the incomes of workers, particularly those in the construction sector, who experienced industrial accidents according to their status of return to work. Methods: We used data from the fifth Panel Study of Workers’ Compensation Insurance. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare annual differential incomes before and after the industrial accident, and a linear mixed model was used to investigate the changes in income from before to after the industrial accident according to the industry and return-to-work status. Results: A comparison of the industrial categories revealed that construction industry workers exhibited the greatest incomes before the accident and the greatest decrease in income after the industrial accident. Regression analysis for assessing changes in income after the industrial accident showed that a comparison by industry revealed a significantly greater reduction in income in the construction than service industry. A comparison by work status revealed significantly greater decreases in income in the reemployment and non-return to work groups than among those who returned to their original work. Conclusions: The economic statuses of the victims of industrial accidents decreased relative to the pre-accident statuses in all industries. The ability to return to original work is important for preserving the accident victim’s economic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Won Bae
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sarah Soyeon Oh
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Wha Me Park
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jaehoon Roh
- Incheon Workers' Health Center, Incheon 21633, Korea
| | - Jong-Uk Won
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Incheon Workers' Health Center, Incheon 21633, Korea.
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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Abebe MW. Common causes and types of hand injuries and their pattern of occurrence in Yekatit 12 Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Pan Afr Med J 2019; 33:142. [PMID: 31558940 PMCID: PMC6754836 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2019.33.142.18390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hand injuries constitute a major proportion of trauma emergencies in developing countries. The hand establishes the individual in society, allowing them to meet social and economic responsibilities. Previously hand traumas accounted for 12% of major limb traumas in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; but data on the specific types of tissue injuries and pattern of occurrence of these injuries over the years is limited. METHODS A retrospective study of sampled 178 patients with hand injury that presented to Yekatit 12 Hospital with hand injuries was done by reviewing the patient's medical records. RESULTS Hand trauma is the second commonest injury following burns that present to the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery unit in Yekatit 12 hospital. It commonly occurs in males with ratio of 4:1. Average age of patients was 24.5 years. The right hand was more commonly injured than the left hand. Home and fall accidents were commonest cause of injury followed by machine injuries. Commonly occurring injuries were tendon injuries followed by fingertip injuries. The number of patients presenting to the hospital with hand injuries has doubled over the two year study period. CONCLUSION The number of hand injury cases that presented to the hospital has doubled over the two years study period. Types of hand injuries presenting to the hospitals ranged from simple lacerations to deep tissue injuries requiring long duration of treatment and rehabilitation which has an impact on the productivity of the younger age group that was identified as the most at risk population.
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Magnitude of occupational exposure to bagasse dust and associated factors among Metehara Sugarcane Factory workers, east Shoa, Ethiopia. J Public Health (Oxf) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-018-0939-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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The Guatemalan Construction Industry: Approach of Knowledge Regarding Work Risks Prevention. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15102252. [PMID: 30326584 PMCID: PMC6209986 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15102252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, the results are presented for the characterization of work risk prevention in the Guatemalan construction industry. This characterization has been carried out using a simple random sampling technique, employing a questionnaire that was structured into 3 groups of variables: 1. General company data; 2. Prevention and management activities regarding health and safety in the company and on the worksite; and 3. Health and safety in the contractor companies. Following the sampling phase, the data were introduced in a database format, and a preliminary analysis was performed on the studied variables, followed by a descriptive analysis and a multiple correspondence analysis. The main findings of the study emphasize that companies in the Guatemalan construction sector are characterized as dedicating most of their activity (52.0%) indistinctly between civil engineering work, building construction and other specialized construction, mainly working as contractors (47.5%). These are “medium-sized” companies, employing an average of 81.1 on-site workers, having an average of 6.8 on-site work crews, and grossing an average turnover of 1.29 million euros annually. Likewise, it found that the larger construction companies adopt better prevention and management measures for worksite health and safety the larger companies are correlated with a high awareness of experiencing worksite accidents, while medium-sized companies have medium-level awareness. Companies with fewer workers manage workplace risk prevention worse, with low accident risk awareness. This correlation between these indicative variables of company size and workplace risk management and prevention is clearly reflected in the four company “clusters” that have been identified as having homogenous characteristics using the multiple correspondence analysis technique. Companies in the Guatemalan construction sector should make a greater effort to improve manager and worker training regarding workplace risk prevention to increase the effectiveness of company prevention management.
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Dia SA, Mohamed AS, Gaye FS, Ndoye EHO, Fall MCG, Soumah MN, Ndiaye M. [Characteristics of work-related injuries and the fate of the victims: about 133 cases reported to the Social Security Fund in Dakar, Senegal]. Pan Afr Med J 2018; 30:156. [PMID: 30455785 PMCID: PMC6235479 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2018.30.156.10517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Work-related injuries have an impact on social security system of the country, on the victims as well as on their relatives. The objective is the aim of our study was to describe the different characteristics of work-related injuries reported to the Social Security Fund (CSS) in Dakar as well as the socioprofessional course of the victims. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study over a period of 5 years, from 2002 to 2006. Data were collected from 133 cases out of 9 308 reported to the CSS. Various parameters were studied: the socioprofessional characteristics of victims and the lesional features of the injuries. The victims were interviewed to gather informations about their socioprofessional history and their professional situation. RESULTS The average age of patients was 37,55 years, with a male predominance (99,22 %). BPW (22.6%) and fishing (15%) sectors were most affected. Almost two thirds of injuries happened in the workplace (77.4%). These injuries resulted in fractures in 51.7% of cases and affected the hand in 30.1% of cases. Nearly two thirds of injured subjects (60.9%) had resumed their profession. Thirty one subjects were fired and 12 were redeployed. The average period of temporary total incapacity was 236.7 days. The median annual pension was 1 640 329 CFA Francs (2 504,31 Euros). CONCLUSION In Senegal, work-related injuries don't have specific characteristics, as described elsewhere. The low resources allocated to the victims and the lack of supporting social-policy measures explain the different types of suffering of the victims and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidy Akhmed Dia
- Service de Médecine Légale et de Travail, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar Fann, Sénégal
| | - Azhar Salim Mohamed
- Service de Médecine Légale et de Travail, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar Fann, Sénégal
| | | | - El Hadj Oumar Ndoye
- Service de Médecine Légale et de Travail, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar Fann, Sénégal
| | - Mame Coumba Gaye Fall
- Service de Médecine Légale et de Travail, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar Fann, Sénégal
| | - Mouhamed Nanibolio Soumah
- Service de Médecine Légale et de Travail, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar Fann, Sénégal
| | - Mor Ndiaye
- Service de Médecine Légale et de Travail, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar Fann, Sénégal
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ZERGUINE H, TAMRIN SBM, JALALUDIN J. Prevalence, source and severity of work-related injuries among "foreign" construction workers in a large Malaysian organisation: a cross-sectional study. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2018; 56:264-273. [PMID: 29398685 PMCID: PMC5985466 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2017-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Malaysian construction sector is regarded as critical in the field of health because of the high rates of accidents and fatalities. This research aimed to determine the prevalence, sources and severity of injuries and its association with commitment to safety among foreign construction workers. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 323 foreign construction workers from six construction projects of a large organization in Malaysia, using a simple random sampling method. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire to assess work-related injuries and safety commitment. The collected data was analysed by SPSS 22.0 using descriptive statistics and χ2 test. The prevalence of work-related injuries in a one year period was 22.6%, where most of the injuries were of moderate severity (39.7%) and falls from heights represented the main source (31.5%). The majority of the foreign construction workers had perceived between moderate and high safety commitment, which was significantly associated with work-related injuries. The results also showed a significant association of work-related injuries with the company's interest in Safety and Health, Safety and Health training, and safety equipment. Thus, the implementation of new procedures and providing relevant trainings and safety equipment; will lead to a decrease in injury rates in construction sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroun ZERGUINE
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty
of Medicine and Health Science, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Shamsul Bahri Mohd TAMRIN
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty
of Medicine and Health Science, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Juliana JALALUDIN
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty
of Medicine and Health Science, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
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Negatu B, Vermeulen R, Mekonnen Y, Kromhout H. Neurobehavioural symptoms and acute pesticide poisoning: a cross-sectional study among male pesticide applicators selected from three commercial farming systems in Ethiopia. Occup Environ Med 2018; 75:283-289. [PMID: 29419423 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2017-104538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate prevalence of acute pesticide poisoning (APP) and its association with neurobehavioural symptoms in Ethiopian pesticide applicators. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional survey among 256 pesticide applicators from small-scale irrigated farms, a large-scale open farm and large-scale greenhouses. APP was ascertained using a modified WHO case definition, and neurobehavioural symptoms were collected with a standardised questionnaire (Q16). Exposure to pesticides was estimated using detailed exposure algorithms specifically developed for Ethiopian farms. Multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate risk of APP and its association with neurobehavioural symptoms. RESULTS Overall APP prevalence was 16%. Working as an applicator in greenhouses was strongly associated with APP (OR 3.00, 95% CI 1.38 to 6.54). Estimated annual pesticide exposure was also associated with APP (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.20). Longer duration of employment appeared to be negatively associated with APP. Having had an APP was strongly associated with reporting more neurobehavioural symptoms (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.01 to 4.58) independent of cumulative pesticide exposure. Cumulative exposure to pesticides appeared to be associated with neurobehavioural symptoms among applicators without and with APP. CONCLUSIONS We showed a substantial prevalence of APP that differed between farming systems and was strongly associated with neurobehavioural symptoms. Intensity of exposure was also clearly associated with these symptoms. Reduction and control of occupational exposure to pesticides is urgently needed in Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyene Negatu
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Pesticide Registration Team, Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resource, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yalemtshay Mekonnen
- College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Hans Kromhout
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Khashaba E, El-Helaly M, El-Gilany AH, Motawei SM, Foda S. Risk factors for non-fatal occupational injuries among construction workers: A case–control study. Toxicol Ind Health 2017; 34:83-90. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233717733853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Substance abuse is a serious problem, because it affects both workers and young people. Prevalence and consequences of cannabis abuse among construction workers in particular are not well studied in Egypt. Objectives: To determine the association between non-fatal occupational injuries among construction workers and their demographic and occupational factors and to assess the frequency of cannabis abuse and its relationship to injury severity and workdays lost. Subjects and methods: A case–control study was conducted at Mansoura Emergency Hospital. Cases were 100 acutely injured male workers. A control group of 90 healthy age-matched workers was selected from 8 construction sites. Workers were interviewed, and a questionnaire was completed that included socio-demographic data, full occupational history, and causes and type of injury. Injury outcome measures included lost workdays and the injury severity score (ISS). Cannabis abuse in injured workers was monitored by preliminary testing of urine and confirmatory testing of blood. Results: Logistic regression analysis revealed that the independent predictors of occupational injuries were rural residence, being a carpenter or painter and past history of injuries. The most common accidents were slipping falls (62%). Confirmed cannabis test was positive in 51.1% of the injured workers. Median days away from work were greater among cannabis users than non-users. The ISS was significantly higher among users compared to non-users ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: Cannabis abuse can increase injury severity and prolong workdays lost. Drug testing is recommended for at-risk construction workers with inadequate safety measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Khashaba
- Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - M El-Helaly
- Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - AH El-Gilany
- Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - SM Motawei
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - S Foda
- Mansoura University Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt
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Hanna M, Seid TM, Lamessa D. Prevalence of occupational injuries and associated factors among construction workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.5897/jphe2016.0883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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