1
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Roy R, Gampa SC, Garimella SV. Role of specific CDKs in regulating DNA damage repair responses and replication stress. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2024; 79:102485. [PMID: 39265226 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2024.102485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
Cyclins along with their catalytic units, Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) regulate the cell cycle transition and transcription; and are essentially known as 'master regulators' in modulating DNA damage response (DDR) and replication stress. In addition to influencing DNA repair and damage signaling, CDKs also play a pivotal role in cell division fidelity and the maintenance of genomic integrity after DNA damage. In this review, we focus on the intricate ways by which specific CDKs mainly CDK7, CDK9, and CDK12/13, regulate the cell cycle progression and transcription and how their modulation can lead to lethal effects on the integrity of the genome. With a better knowledge of how these CDKs control the DDR and replication stress, it is now possible to combine CDK inhibitors with chemotherapeutic drugs that damage DNA in ways that can be applied in clinical settings as successful therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Roy
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Siri Chandana Gampa
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Science, GITAM (deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, 530045, India
| | - Sireesha V Garimella
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Science, GITAM (deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, 530045, India.
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2
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Ma MC, Lavi ES, Altwerger G, Lin ZP, Ratner ES. Predictive modeling of gene mutations for the survival outcomes of epithelial ovarian cancer patients. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305273. [PMID: 38976671 PMCID: PMC11230535 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has a low overall survival rate, largely due to frequent recurrence and acquiring resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy. EOC with homologous recombination (HR) deficiency has increased sensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapy because platinum-induced DNA damage cannot be repaired. Mutations in genes involved in the HR pathway are thought to be strongly correlated with favorable response to treatment. Patients with these mutations have better prognosis and an improved survival rate. On the other hand, mutations in non-HR genes in EOC are associated with increased chemoresistance and poorer prognosis. For this reason, accurate predictions in response to treatment and overall survival remain challenging. Thus, analyses of 360 EOC cases on NCI's The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) program were conducted to identify novel gene mutation signatures that were strongly correlated with overall survival. We found that a considerable portion of EOC cases exhibited multiple and overlapping mutations in a panel of 31 genes. Using logistical regression modeling on mutational profiles and patient survival data from TCGA, we determined whether specific sets of deleterious gene mutations in EOC patients had impacts on patient survival. Our results showed that six genes that were strongly correlated with an increased survival time are BRCA1, NBN, BRIP1, RAD50, PTEN, and PMS2. In addition, our analysis shows that six genes that were strongly correlated with a decreased survival time are FANCE, FOXM1, KRAS, FANCD2, TTN, and CSMD3. Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of 360 patients stratified by these positive and negative gene mutation signatures corroborated that our regression model outperformed the conventional HR genes-based classification and prediction of survival outcomes. Collectively, our findings suggest that EOC exhibits unique mutation signatures beyond HR gene mutations. Our approach can identify a novel panel of gene mutations that helps improve the prediction of treatment outcomes and overall survival for EOC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirielle C Ma
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Ethan S Lavi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Gary Altwerger
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Z Ping Lin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Elena S Ratner
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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3
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Bhogal T, Giannoudis A, Sokol E, Ali S, Palmieri C. Analysis of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases Reveals an Enrichment of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 12 Structural Rearrangements in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive Disease. JCO Precis Oncol 2024; 8:e2300639. [PMID: 38838276 DOI: 10.1200/po.23.00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Genomic alterations have been identified in patients with breast cancer brain metastases (BCBMs), but large structural rearrangements have not been extensively studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed the genomic profiles of 822 BCBMs and compared them with 11,988 local, breast-biopsied breast cancers (BCs) and 15,516 non-CNS metastases (Non-CNS M) derived from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded material using targeted capture sequencing. RESULTS Nine genes with structural rearrangements were more prevalent within BCBMs as compared with local BCs and Non-CNS M (adjusted-P < .05) and displayed a prevalence of >0.5%. The most common rearrangements within BCBMs involves cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12; 3.53%) as compared with the local BC (0.86%; adjusted-P = 7.1 × 10-8) and Non-CNS M specimens (0.68%; adjusted-P = 3.7 × 10-10). CDK12 rearrangements had a significantly higher frequency within human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive BCBMs (14.59%) compared with HER2-positive BCs (7.80%; P = 4.6 × 10-3) and HER2-positive Non-CNS M (7.87%; P = 4.8 × 10-3). CONCLUSION The most common structural rearrangements involve CDK12 with the higher prevalence in HER2-positive BCBMs. These data support more detailed investigation of the role and importance of CDK12 rearrangements in BCBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talvinder Bhogal
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Athina Giannoudis
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ethan Sokol
- Computational Discovery, Foundation Medicine, Inc, Cambridge, MA
| | - Simak Ali
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carlo Palmieri
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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4
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Schmitz M, Kaltheuner IH, Anand K, Düster R, Moecking J, Monastyrskyi A, Duckett DR, Roush WR, Geyer M. The reversible inhibitor SR-4835 binds Cdk12/cyclin K in a noncanonical G-loop conformation. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105501. [PMID: 38016516 PMCID: PMC10767194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) has evolved as an emerging anticancer strategy. In addition to the cell cycle-regulating CDKs, the transcriptional kinases Cdk12 and Cdk13 have become the focus of interest as they mediate a variety of functions, including the transition from transcription initiation to elongation and termination, precursor mRNA splicing, and intronic polyadenylation. Here, we determine the crystal structure of the small molecular inhibitor SR-4835 bound to the Cdk12/cyclin K complex at 2.68 Å resolution. The compound's benzimidazole moiety is embedded in a unique hydrogen bond network mediated by the kinase hinge region with flanking hydroxy groups of the Y815 and D819 side chains. Whereas the SR-4835 head group targets the adenine-binding pocket, the kinase's glycine-rich loop is shifted down toward the activation loop. Additionally, the αC-helix adopts an inward conformation, and the phosphorylated T-loop threonine interacts with all three canonical arginines, a hallmark of CDK activation that is altered in Cdk12 and Cdk13. Dose-response inhibition measurements with recombinant CMGC kinases show that SR-4835 is highly specific for Cdk12 and Cdk13 following a 10-fold lower potency for Cdk10. Whereas other CDK-targeting compounds exhibit tighter binding affinities and higher potencies for kinase inhibition, SR-4835 can be considered a selective transcription elongation antagonist. Our results provide the basis for a rational improvement of SR-4835 toward Cdk12 inhibition and a gain in selectivity over other transcription regulating CDKs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kanchan Anand
- Institute of Structural Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Robert Düster
- Institute of Structural Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonas Moecking
- Institute of Structural Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Derek R Duckett
- Department of Drug Discovery, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - William R Roush
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Matthias Geyer
- Institute of Structural Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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5
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Zhang L, Zhen Y, Feng L, Li Z, Lu Y, Wang G, Ouyang L. Discovery of a novel dual-target inhibitor of CDK12 and PARP1 that induces synthetic lethality for treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115648. [PMID: 37478560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive breast tumors, with a high rate of recurrence and metastasis as well as a poor prognosis. Consequently, it is urgent to find new targeted therapeutic strategies and development of corresponding drugs. Previous studies have shown that CDK12 inhibitors in combination with PARP1 inhibitors is able to induce synthetic lethality in TNBC cells. Here, we reported simultaneously inhibition of CDK12 and PARP1 by genetic or pharmacological approaches synergistically inhibited the proliferation of TNBC cells. Then, a series of small molecule inhibitors targeting both CDK12 and PARP1 were designed and synthesized. The new dual-target inhibitor (12e) showed potent inhibitory activity against CDK12 (IC50 = 285 nM) and PARP1 (IC50 = 34 nM), as well as good anti-proliferative effects in TNBC cell lines. Meanwhile, compound 12e showed favorable synergistic anti-tumor efficacy in cells and xenografts by inhibiting DNA damage repair, promoting cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Taken together, we successfully synthesized the first effective CDK12-PARP1 dual inhibitor, which is expected to be an attractive therapeutic strategy for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
| | - Yongqi Zhen
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China; Department of Biotherapy, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lu Feng
- Department of Biotherapy, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhijia Li
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Yingying Lu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Liang Ouyang
- Department of Biotherapy, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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6
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Wang L, Yang Z, Li G, Liu Y, Ai C, Rao Y. Discovery of small molecule degraders for modulating cell cycle. Front Med 2023; 17:823-854. [PMID: 37935945 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-1027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The cell cycle is a complex process that involves DNA replication, protein expression, and cell division. Dysregulation of the cell cycle is associated with various diseases. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their corresponding cyclins are major proteins that regulate the cell cycle. In contrast to inhibition, a new approach called proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) and molecular glues can eliminate both enzymatic and scaffold functions of CDKs and cyclins, achieving targeted degradation. The field of PROTACs and molecular glues has developed rapidly in recent years. In this article, we aim to summarize the latest developments of CDKs and cyclin protein degraders. The selectivity, application, validation and the current state of each CDK degrader will be overviewed. Additionally, possible methods are discussed for the development of degraders for CDK members that still lack them. Overall, this article provides a comprehensive summary of the latest advancements in CDK and cyclin protein degraders, which will be helpful for researchers working on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguo Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhouli Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Guangchen Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yongbo Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chao Ai
- Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China.
| | - Yu Rao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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7
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Alodaini AA, Abusultan A, Altarooti NA, Aldossari A, Hegazi TM, Alomran AK, Awadalla AS. A case of neonatal osteofibrous dysplasia with novel CDK12 and DDR2 mutations. Bone Rep 2023; 18:101666. [PMID: 36875508 PMCID: PMC9982453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteofibrous dysplasia [OFD] is a rare, benign pediatric fibro-osseous lesion that exclusively arises in the lower limbs. Apart from the limited number of familial OFD cases with MET mutation, no other genetic aberrations have been identified. Herein, we report a case of OFD in a four-month- old girl's leg with novel cyclin-dependent kinase 12 and discoidin domain receptor 2 gene mutations. Further studies to understand their role in the pathogenesis and clinical utility are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal A Alodaini
- Pathology Department, King Fahd University Hospital, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, 31441 Dammam, P.O. Box 1982, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar Abusultan
- Orthopedic surgery Department, King Fahd University Hospital, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, 31441 Dammam, P.O. Box 1982, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor A Altarooti
- Orthopedic surgery Department, King Fahd University Hospital, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, 31441 Dammam, P.O. Box 1982, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Aldossari
- Orthopedic surgery Department, King Fahd University Hospital, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, 31441 Dammam, P.O. Box 1982, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek M Hegazi
- Diagnostic Radiology Department, King Fahd University Hospital, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, 31441 Dammam, P.O. Box 1982, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar K Alomran
- Orthopedic surgery Department, King Fahd University Hospital, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, 31441 Dammam, P.O. Box 1982, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Awadia S Awadalla
- Pathology Department, King Fahd University Hospital, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, 31441 Dammam, P.O. Box 1982, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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8
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Zabihi M, Lotfi R, Yousefi AM, Bashash D. Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases: from biology to tumorigenesis and therapeutic opportunities. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:1585-1606. [PMID: 35781526 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04135-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The discussion on cell proliferation cannot be continued without taking a look at the cell cycle regulatory machinery. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), cyclins, and CDK inhibitors (CKIs) are valuable members of this system and their equilibrium guarantees the proper progression of the cell cycle. As expected, any dysregulation in the expression or function of these components can provide a platform for excessive cell proliferation leading to tumorigenesis. The high frequency of CDK abnormalities in human cancers, together with their druggable structure has raised the possibility that perhaps designing a series of inhibitors targeting CDKs might be advantageous for restricting the survival of tumor cells; however, their application has faced a serious concern, since these groups of serine-threonine kinases possess non-canonical functions as well. In the present review, we aimed to take a look at the biology of CDKs and then magnify their contribution to tumorigenesis. Then, by arguing the bright and dark aspects of CDK inhibition in the treatment of human cancers, we intend to reach a consensus on the application of these inhibitors in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Zabihi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Lotfi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Tohid Hospital, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Amir-Mohammad Yousefi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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9
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The Landscape and Therapeutic Targeting of BRCA1, BRCA2 and Other DNA Damage Response Genes in Pancreatic Cancer. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:2105-2120. [PMID: 36975505 PMCID: PMC10047276 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45030135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Genes participating in the cellular response to damaged DNA have an important function to protect genetic information from alterations due to extrinsic and intrinsic cellular insults. In cancer cells, alterations in these genes are a source of genetic instability, which is advantageous for cancer progression by providing background for adaptation to adverse environments and attack by the immune system. Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes have been known for decades to predispose to familial breast and ovarian cancers, and, more recently, prostate and pancreatic cancers have been added to the constellation of cancers that show increased prevalence in these families. Cancers associated with these genetic syndromes are currently treated with PARP inhibitors based on the exquisite sensitivity of cells lacking BRCA1 or BRCA2 function to inhibition of the PARP enzyme. In contrast, the sensitivity of pancreatic cancers with somatic BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations and with mutations in other homologous recombination (HR) repair genes to PARP inhibitors is less established and the subject of ongoing investigations. This paper reviews the prevalence of pancreatic cancers with HR gene defects and treatment of pancreatic cancer patients with defects in HR with PARP inhibitors and other drugs in development that target these molecular defects.
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10
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Kennedy SP, Treacy O, Allott EH, Eustace AJ, Lynam-Lennon N, Buckley N, Robson T. Precision Medicine and Novel Therapeutic Strategies in Detection and Treatment of Cancer: Highlights from the 58th IACR Annual Conference. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:6213. [PMID: 36551698 PMCID: PMC9777219 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Innovation in both detection and treatment of cancer is necessary for the constant improvement in therapeutic strategies, especially in patients with novel or resistant variants of cancer. Cancer mortality rates have declined by almost 30% since 1991, however, depending on the cancer type, acquired resistance can occur to varying degrees. To combat this, researchers are looking towards advancing our understanding of cancer biology, in order to inform early detection, and guide novel therapeutic approaches. Through combination of these approaches, it is believed that a more complete and thorough intervention on cancer can be achieved. Here, we will discuss the advances and approaches in both detection and treatment of cancer, presented at the 58th Irish Association for Cancer Research (IACR) annual conference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P. Kennedy
- School of Biological, Health and Sports Sciences, Technological University Dublin, D07 ADY7 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Oliver Treacy
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Emma H. Allott
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 HD53 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alex J. Eustace
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, D09 NR58 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh Lynam-Lennon
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St James’s Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh Buckley
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Tracy Robson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
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11
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Wang S, Chen YZ, Fu S, Zhao Y. In silico approaches uncovering the systematic function of N-phosphorylated proteins in human cells. Comput Biol Med 2022; 151:106280. [PMID: 36375414 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation plays a key role in the regulation of protein function. In addition to the extensively studied O-phosphorylation of serine, threonine, and tyrosine, emerging evidence suggests that the non-canonical phosphorylation of histidine, lysine, and arginine termed N-phosphorylation, exists widely in eukaryotes. At present, the study of N-phosphorylation is still in its infancy, and its regulatory role and specific biological functions in mammalian cells are still unknown. Here, we report the in silico analysis of the systematic biological significance of N-phosphorylated proteins in human cells. The protein structural and functional domain enrichment analysis revealed that N-phosphorylated proteins are rich in RNA recognition motif, nucleotide-binding and alpha-beta plait domains. The most commonly enriched biological pathway is the metabolism of RNA. Besides, arginine phosphorylated (pArg) proteins are highly related to DNA repair, while histidine phosphorylated (pHis) proteins may play a role in the regulation of the cell cycle, and lysine phosphorylated (pLys) proteins are linked to cellular stress response, intracellular signal transduction, and intracellular transport, which are of great significance for maintaining cell homeostasis. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis revealed important hub proteins (i.e., SRSF1, HNRNPA1, HNRNPC, SRSF7, HNRNPH1, SRSF2, SRSF11, HNRNPD, SRRM2 and YBX1) which are closely related to neoplasms, nervous system diseases, and virus infection and have potential as therapeutic targets. Those proteins with clinical significance are worthy of attention, and the rational considerations of N-phosphorylation in occurrence and progression of diseases might be beneficial for further translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yu Zong Chen
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Songsen Fu
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China; Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry&Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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12
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Zhou M, Wang L, Sun P, Liu Y, Chen G, Zeng G. Delineation of molecular characteristics in pediatric PFA ependymoma involving rare osseous and pulmonary metastases: A case report and literature review. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1001118. [PMID: 36457507 PMCID: PMC9706190 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1001118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ependymoma is the third most common pediatric primary brain tumor, with its most aggressive subtype being posterior fossa group A (PFA). Extraneural metastasis of pediatric PFA ependymoma is rare. Herein, we present a case of a 9-year-old girl with PFA ependymoma characterized by a lack of trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 and elevated chromosome X open reading frame 67 expression. Despite multiple surgeries and radiotherapies, the patient had a rapid recurrence and developed osseous and pulmonary metastases, which may be attributed to the homozygous deletion of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor 2A/B and CDK12 mutation. Importantly, the CDK12 mutation observed in the patient may be indicative of the need for further work-up to consider chemotherapy rather than administering poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitors. Taken together, this is the first report of pediatric PFA ependymoma with extraneural metastases, wherein we clarified the diagnostic procedures of this newly identified PFA ependymoma and provided new cues to study the invasiveness of this disease and treatment selection for such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mading Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Leiming Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gao Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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13
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Tang R, Liu J, Li S, Zhang J, Yu C, Liu H, Chen F, Lv L, Zhang Q, Yuan K, Shao H. A patent and literature review of CDK12 inhibitors. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2022; 32:1055-1065. [PMID: 36120913 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2022.2126765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12) belongs to the CDK family of serine/threonine protein kinases and associates with cyclin K to exert its biological functions, including regulating gene transcription, mRNA processing and translation. Increasing evidences demonstrate the importance of CDK12 in various human cancers, illustrating its potential as both biomarker and therapeutic target. In addition, CDK12 is also a promising target for the treatment of myotonic dystrophy type 1. Efforts have been taken to discover small molecule inhibitors to validate this important therapeutic target. AREAS COVERED This review covers the patented CDK12 inhibitors from 2016 to present, as well as these from peer-reviewed literature. It provides the reader an update of the discovery strategies, chemical structures and molecular profiling of all available CDK12 inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION CDK12 inhibitors with various mechanism of actions have been discovered and it is a great set of tools to evaluate the therapeutic potential of CDK12 in different disease models. CDK12 inhibitors have shown promising results in myotonic dystrophy type 1 mouse model and several preclinical cancer models either as single agent or combination with other anti-cancer agents. Its therapeutic value awaits more rigorous preclinical testing and further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Center for Clinical Biorepositories and Biospecimen & Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Shuyao Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Chunhong Yu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Honglu Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Lu Lv
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,The Biobank of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Hao Shao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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14
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Magnuson B, Bedi K, Narayanan IV, Bartkowiak B, Blinkiewicz H, Paulsen MT, Greenleaf A, Ljungman M. CDK12 regulates co-transcriptional splicing and RNA turnover in human cells. iScience 2022; 25:105030. [PMID: 36111258 PMCID: PMC9468413 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclin-dependent kinase CDK12 has garnered interest as a cancer therapeutic target as DNA damage response genes are particularly suppressed by loss of CDK12 activity. In this study, we assessed the acute effects of CDK12 inhibition on transcription and RNA processing using nascent RNA Bru-seq and BruChase-seq. Acute transcriptional changes were overall small after CDK12 inhibition but over 600 genes showed intragenic premature termination, including DNA repair and cell cycle genes. Furthermore, many genes showed reduced transcriptional readthrough past the end of genes in the absence of CDK12 activity. RNA turnover was dramatically affected by CDK12 inhibition and importantly, caused increased degradation of many transcripts from DNA damage response genes. We also show that co-transcriptional splicing was suppressed by CDK12 inhibition. Taken together, these studies reveal the roles of CDK12 in regulating transcription elongation, transcription termination, co-transcriptional splicing, and RNA turnover. Over 600 genes showed prematurely terminated transcription when CDK12 was inhibited CDK12 promotes transcriptional readthrough past transcription end sites (TESs) CDK12 promotes splicing and affects transcript stability
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Magnuson
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center and Center for RNA Biomedicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Karan Bedi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center and Center for RNA Biomedicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Bartlomiej Bartkowiak
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Hailey Blinkiewicz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michelle T. Paulsen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Arno Greenleaf
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mats Ljungman
- Rogel Cancer Center and Center for RNA Biomedicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Corresponding author
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15
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Lei P, Zhang J, Liao P, Ren C, Wang J, Wang Y. Current progress and novel strategies that target CDK12 for drug discovery. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 240:114603. [PMID: 35868123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CDK12 is a cyclin-dependent kinase that plays critical roles in DNA replication, transcription, mRNA splicing, and DNA damage repair. CDK12 genomic changes, including mutation, amplification, deletion, and fusion, lead to various cancers, such as colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, and ovarian cancer. An increasing number of CDK12 inhibitors have been reported since CDK12 was identified as a biomarker and cancer therapeutic target. A major challenge lies in that CDK12 and CDK13 share highly similar sequences, which leads to great difficulties in the development of highly selective CDK12 inhibitors. In recent years, great efforts were made in developing selective CDK12 blockers. Techniques including PROTAC and molecular glue degraders were also applied to facilitate their development. Also, the drug combination strategy of CDK12 small molecule inhibitors were studied. This review discusses the latest studies on CDK12 inhibitors and analyzes their structure-activity relationships, shedding light on their further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lei
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Peiyu Liao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Changyu Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, 38163, Tennessee, United States
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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16
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Guo X, Chen H, Zhou Y, Shen L, Wu S, Chen Y. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibition and its intersection with immunotherapy in breast cancer: more than CDK4/6 inhibition. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2022; 31:933-944. [PMID: 35786092 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2022.2097067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) have had clinical success in treating hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative metastatic breast cancer. Notably, CDK4/6i have expanded to the neoadjuvant setting for early breast cancer and other cancer types and potently synergize with immunotherapy. Other CDKs, including CDK7, CDK9, and CDK12/13, mainly function in transcriptional processes as well as cell cycle regulation, RNA splicing, and DNA damage response. Inhibiting these CDKs aids in suppressing tumors, reversing drug resistance, increasing drug sensitivity, and enhancing anti-tumor immunity in breast cancer. AREAS COVERED We reviewed the applications of CDK4/6i, CDK7i, CDK9i and CDK12/13i for various breast cancer subtypes and their potentials for combination with immunotherapy. A literature search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science was conducted in April 2022. EXPERT OPINION The use of CDK4/6i represents a major milestone in breast cancer treatment. Moreover, transcription-related CDKs play critical roles in tumor development and are promising therapeutic targets for breast cancer. Some relevant clinical studies are underway. More specific and efficient CDKis will undoubtedly be developed and clinically tested. Characterization of their immune-priming effects will promote the development of combination therapies consisting of CDKi and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianan Guo
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huihui Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunxiang Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Shen
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shijie Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiding Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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17
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Filippone MG, Gaglio D, Bonfanti R, Tucci FA, Ceccacci E, Pennisi R, Bonanomi M, Jodice G, Tillhon M, Montani F, Bertalot G, Freddi S, Vecchi M, Taglialatela A, Romanenghi M, Romeo F, Bianco N, Munzone E, Sanguedolce F, Vago G, Viale G, Di Fiore PP, Minucci S, Alberghina L, Colleoni M, Veronesi P, Tosoni D, Pece S. CDK12 promotes tumorigenesis but induces vulnerability to therapies inhibiting folate one-carbon metabolism in breast cancer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2642. [PMID: 35550508 PMCID: PMC9098894 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30375-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12) overexpression is implicated in breast cancer, but whether it has a primary or only a cooperative tumorigenic role is unclear. Here, we show that transgenic CDK12 overexpression in the mouse mammary gland per se is sufficient to drive the emergence of multiple and multifocal tumors, while, in cooperation with known oncogenes, it promotes earlier tumor onset and metastasis. Integrative transcriptomic, metabolomic and functional data reveal that hyperactivation of the serine-glycine-one-carbon network is a metabolic hallmark inherent to CDK12-induced tumorigenesis. Consistently, in retrospective patient cohort studies and in patient-derived xenografts, CDK12-overexpressing breast tumors show positive response to methotrexate-based chemotherapy targeting CDK12-induced metabolic alterations, while being intrinsically refractory to other types of chemotherapy. In a retrospective analysis of hormone receptor-negative and lymph node-positive breast cancer patients randomized in an adjuvant phase III trial to 1-year low-dose metronomic methotrexate-based chemotherapy or no maintenance chemotherapy, a high CDK12 status predicts a dramatic reduction in distant metastasis rate in the chemotherapy-treated vs. not-treated arm. Thus, by coupling tumor progression with metabolic reprogramming, CDK12 creates an actionable vulnerability for breast cancer therapy and might represent a suitable companion biomarker for targeted antimetabolite therapies in human breast cancers. Finding biomarkers for targeted therapy is a promising approach to treat cancer. Here, the authors show that in breast cancer preclinical models and patients, CDK12 promotes tumourigenesis but induces selective vulnerability to therapies that target folate one-carbon metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Filippone
- European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - D Gaglio
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR) Segrate, Milan, Italy.,ISBE.IT/Centre of Systems Biology, Piazza della Scienza 4, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - R Bonfanti
- European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - F A Tucci
- School of Pathology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - E Ceccacci
- European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - R Pennisi
- European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - M Bonanomi
- ISBE.IT/Centre of Systems Biology, Piazza della Scienza 4, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - G Jodice
- European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - M Tillhon
- European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - F Montani
- European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - G Bertalot
- European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - S Freddi
- European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - M Vecchi
- European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy.,IFOM, The FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology Foundation, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - A Taglialatela
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Romanenghi
- European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - F Romeo
- European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - N Bianco
- European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - E Munzone
- European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - F Sanguedolce
- Department of Pathology, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - G Vago
- School of Pathology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142, Milano, Italy
| | - G Viale
- European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142, Milano, Italy
| | - P P Di Fiore
- European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142, Milano, Italy
| | - S Minucci
- European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142, Milano, Italy
| | - L Alberghina
- ISBE.IT/Centre of Systems Biology, Piazza della Scienza 4, 20126, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - M Colleoni
- European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - P Veronesi
- European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142, Milano, Italy
| | - D Tosoni
- European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy.
| | - S Pece
- European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142, Milano, Italy.
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18
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Kucherlapati MH. Co-expression patterns explain how a basic transcriptional role for MYC modulates Wnt and MAPK pathways in colon and lung adenocarcinomas. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:1619-1638. [PMID: 35438040 PMCID: PMC9291661 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2060454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A subset of proliferation genes that are associated with origin licensing, firing, and DNA synthesis has been compared to known drivers of colon (COAD) and lung (LUAD) adenocarcinomas using Spearman's rank correlation coefficients. The frequency with which APC, CTNNB1, KRAS, MYC, Braf, TP53, Rb1, EGFR, and cell cycle components have direct or indirect co-expression with the proliferation factors permits identification of their expression relative to the G1-S phase of the cell cycle. Here, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), a negative regulator of Wnt signaling known to function through MYC, indirectly co-expresses at the same frequency as proliferation genes in both COAD and LUAD, consistent with M phase expression. However, APC is indirectly co-expressed with MYC and is found mutated only in COAD. MYC is thought to function at the interface of transcription and replication, acting through the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, and increased or decreased expression of MYC can induce or repress tumorigenesis, respectively. These data suggest that transcription of APC during the M phase with low MYC co-expression contributes by an unknown mechanism to APC mutations and Wnt pathway deregulation in COAD and that upper and lower limits of MYC expression, enforced by the cell cycle, may influence cancer differentially. Other Wnt signaling components co-expressed in the low MYC context in COAD also have significantly higher mutation frequencies, supporting the hypothesis. Additionally, Braf is found here to have direct co-expression with multiple proliferation factors in non-EGFR activated LUAD, and EGFR-activated LUAD are completely deregulated with respect to E2F(s) 4/5/6 expression, potentially explaining the low proliferation rates seen in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Haas Kucherlapati
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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19
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Maijaroen S, Klaynongsruang S, Roytrakul S, Konkchaiyaphum M, Taemaitree L, Jangpromma N. An Integrated Proteomics and Bioinformatics Analysis of the Anticancer Properties of RT2 Antimicrobial Peptide on Human Colon Cancer (Caco-2) Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041426. [PMID: 35209215 PMCID: PMC8880037 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
New selective, efficacious chemotherapy agents are in demand as traditional drugs display side effects and face growing resistance upon continued administration. To this end, bioactive molecules such as peptides are attracting interest. RT2 is a cationic peptide that was used as an antimicrobial but is being repurposed for targeting cancer. In this work, we investigate the mechanism by which this peptide targets Caco-2 human colon cancer cells, one of the most prevalent and metastatic cancers. Combining label-free proteomics with bioinformatics data, our data explore over 1000 proteins to identify 133 proteins that are downregulated and 79 proteins that are upregulated upon treatment with RT2. These changes occur in a dose-dependent manner and suggest the former group are related to anticancer cell proliferation; the latter group is closely related to apoptosis levels. The mRNA levels of several genes (FGF8, PAPSS2, CDK12, LDHA, PRKCSH, CSE1L, STARD13, TLE3, and OGDHL) were quantified using RT-qPCR and were found to be in agreement with proteomic results. Collectively, the global change in Caco-2 cell protein abundance suggests that RT2 triggers multiple mechanisms, including cell proliferation reduction, apoptosis activation, and alteration of cancerous cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surachai Maijaroen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.M.); (S.K.); (M.K.)
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sompong Klaynongsruang
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.M.); (S.K.); (M.K.)
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Monruedee Konkchaiyaphum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.M.); (S.K.); (M.K.)
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Lapatrada Taemaitree
- Department of Integrated Science, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Nisachon Jangpromma
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Department of Integrated Science, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- Correspondence:
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20
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Zhao XK, Xing P, Song X, Zhao M, Zhao L, Dang Y, Lei LL, Xu RH, Han WL, Wang PP, Yang MM, Hu JF, Zhong K, Zhou FY, Han XN, Meng CL, Ji JJ, Chen X, Wang LD. Focal amplifications are associated with chromothripsis events and diverse prognoses in gastric cardia adenocarcinoma. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6489. [PMID: 34764264 PMCID: PMC8586158 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26745-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of focal amplifications and extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) is unknown in gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA). Here, we identify frequent focal amplifications and ecDNAs in Chinese GCA patient samples, and find focal amplifications in the GCA cohort are associated with the chromothripsis process and may be induced by accumulated DNA damage due to local dietary habits. We observe diverse correlations between the presence of oncogene focal amplifications and prognosis, where ERBB2 focal amplifications positively correlate with prognosis and EGFR focal amplifications negatively correlate with prognosis. Large-scale ERBB2 immunohistochemistry results from 1668 GCA patients show survival probability of ERBB2 positive patients is lower than that of ERBB2 negative patients when their surviving time is under 2 years, however, the tendency is opposite when their surviving time is longer than 2 years. Our observations indicate that the ERBB2 focal amplifications may represent a good prognostic marker in GCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ke Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key, Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Pengwei Xing
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75108, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key, Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Miao Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75108, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Linxuan Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75108, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yonglong Dang
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75108, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ling-Ling Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key, Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Rui-Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key, Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Wen-Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key, Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Pan-Pan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key, Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Miao-Miao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key, Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Jing-Feng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key, Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Kan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key, Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Fu-You Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key, Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Xue-Na Han
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key, Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Chao-Long Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key, Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Jia-Jia Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key, Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Xingqi Chen
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75108, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Li-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key, Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China.
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21
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Liang Y, Qian C, Xie Y, Huang X, Chen J, Ren Y, Fu Z, Li Y, Zeng T, Yang F, Zhou J, Li W, Yin Y, Wang C. JWA suppresses proliferation in trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer by downregulating CDK12. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:306. [PMID: 34686673 PMCID: PMC8536718 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00693-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer worldwide. JWA is a microtubule-associated protein that has been identified as a tumor suppressor, and its downregulation in tumors is an independent adverse prognostic factor. The objective of this study was to explore the expression, regulation, and mechanism of JWA in trastuzumab-resistant breast cancers. In this study, we found that JWA expression was lower in trastuzumab-resistant breast cancers than that in trastuzumab-sensitive breast cancers. Furthermore, it was confirmed that overexpression of JWA inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis in trastuzumab-resistant breast cancers both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the low expression of JWA in trastuzumab-resistant breast cancers is associated with a poor prognosis. Combining RNA-sequence datasets and next-generation sequencing, it was found that JWA negatively regulated CDK12, and was involved in the G1-to-S transition of the cell cycle. It has been reported that CDK12 drives breast cancer initiation and induces trastuzumab resistance. Taken together, high expression of JWA could inhibit the growth of trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer, and JWA is a potential predictive marker for trastuzumab resistance. In addition, targeted therapy with JWA may be a novel therapeutic strategy to improve the survival rate of trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinghong Xie
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Huang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junjie Chen
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yanlin Ren
- Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, China
| | - Ziyi Fu
- Laboratory of Breast Disease Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongfei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianyu Zeng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yongmei Yin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Changqing Wang
- School of Health Policy and Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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22
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Atalay VE, Savaş B. Development of potential inhibitors of cell division protein kinase 2 by ligand based drug design. MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3233/mgc-210013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are commonly known by their role in cell cycle regulation which affects cancer mechanism. In many cancer types, CDKs show extreme activity or CDK inhibiting proteins are dysfunctional. Specifically, CDK2 plays an indispensable role in cell division especially in the G1/S phase and DNA damage repair. Therefore, it is important to find new potential CDK2 inhibitors. In this study, ligand-based drug design is used to design new potential CDK2 inhibitors. Y8 L ligand is obtained from the X-ray crystal structure of human CDK2 (PDB ID: 2XNB) (www.pdb.org) and used as a structure model. By adding hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups to the structure, a training set of 36 molecules is generated. Each molecule examined with Spartan’14 and optimized structures are used for docking to CDK2 structure by AutoDock and AutoDock Vina programs. Ligand-amino acid interactions are analysed with Discovery Studio Visualizer. Van der Waals, Pi-Pi T-shaped, alkyl, pi-alkyl, conventional hydrogen bond and carbon-hydrogen bond interactions are observed. By docking results and viewed interactions, some molecules are identified and discussed as potential CDK2 inhibitors. Additionally, 8 different QSAR descriptors obtained from Spartan’14, Preadmet and ALOGPS 2.1 programs are investigated with multiple linear regulation (MLR) analysis with SPSS program for their impact on affinity value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vildan Enisoğlu Atalay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Uskudar University, Uskudar, Istanbul, Turkey
- Istanbul Protein Research-Application and Inovation Center (PROMER), Uskudar University, Uskudar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Büşra Savaş
- Department of Bioengineering, Uskudar University, Uskudar, Istanbul, Turkey
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23
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Inhibitors Targeting CDK9 Show High Efficacy against Osimertinib and AMG510 Resistant Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153906. [PMID: 34359807 PMCID: PMC8345430 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Non-small cell lung cancer accounts for 80% of all lung cancer cases. While a subset of non-small cell lung cancer patients respond to immunotherapy, those who are treated with chemotherapy or targeted therapy develop resistance to the drugs. Thus, novel therapeutic strategies are needed to combat this disease. Here we show that inhibitors of the cyclin-dependent kinase 9 are highly effective in preventing the growth of a variety of lung cancer cell lines and lung cancer organoids with high potency. These inhibitors suppressed the expression of several genes like Sox2, Sox9, and Mcl1 that promote tumor growth, facilitating growth arrest. Since inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinase 9 are undergoing clinical trials for hematological malignancies, our studies suggest that these inhibitors would be attractive candidates to combat non-small cell lung cancer. Abstract Non-small cell lung cancer has a 5-year survival rate of less than 12–15%, calling for the development of additional therapeutic strategies to combat this disease. Here we tested the efficacy of inhibiting cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) on lung cancer cell lines with K-Ras and EGFR mutations and on lung cancer organoids. Three different CDK9 inhibitors reduced the viability and anchorage-independent growth of lung cancer cell lines at very low nanomolar to micromolar concentrations. CDK9 inhibition suppressed the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein, Mcl1, as well as the embryonic stem cell transcription factors, Sox2 and Sox9, which are pro-tumorigenic. In contrast, treatment with CDK9 inhibitors increased the levels of WT p53 and its downstream target p21 in K-Ras mutant cell lines. Furthermore, the CDK9 inhibitors could markedly reduce the viability of Osimertinib-resistant PC9 and AMG510-resistant H23 and H358 cells with comparable efficacy as the parental cells. CDK9 inhibitors could also significantly reduce the growth and viability of lung cancer organoids with high potency. Taken together, the data presented here strongly suggest that CDK9 inhibitors would be efficacious against K-Ras mutant and EGFR mutant NSCLCs, including those that develop resistance to targeted therapies.
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24
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Liu S, Liu J, Xie Y, Zhai T, Hinderer EW, Stromberg AJ, Vanderford NL, Kolesar JM, Moseley HNB, Chen L, Liu C, Wang C. MEScan: a powerful statistical framework for genome-scale mutual exclusivity analysis of cancer mutations. Bioinformatics 2021; 37:1189-1197. [PMID: 33165532 PMCID: PMC8189684 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Cancer somatic driver mutations associated with genes within a pathway often show a mutually exclusive pattern across a cohort of patients. This mutually exclusive mutational signal has been frequently used to distinguish driver from passenger mutations and to investigate relationships among driver mutations. Current methods for de novo discovery of mutually exclusive mutational patterns are limited because the heterogeneity in background mutation rate can confound mutational patterns, and the presence of highly mutated genes can lead to spurious patterns. In addition, most methods only focus on a limited number of pre-selected genes and are unable to perform genome-wide analysis due to computational inefficiency. RESULTS We introduce a statistical framework, MEScan, for accurate and efficient mutual exclusivity analysis at the genomic scale. Our framework contains a fast and powerful statistical test for mutual exclusivity with adjustment of the background mutation rate and impact of highly mutated genes, and a multi-step procedure for genome-wide screening with the control of false discovery rate. We demonstrate that MEScan more accurately identifies mutually exclusive gene sets than existing methods and is at least two orders of magnitude faster than most methods. By applying MEScan to data from four different cancer types and pan-cancer, we have identified several biologically meaningful mutually exclusive gene sets. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION MEScan is available as an R package at https://github.com/MarkeyBBSRF/MEScan. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinpeng Liu
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Yanqi Xie
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Tingting Zhai
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Eugene W Hinderer
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Arnold J Stromberg
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Nathan L Vanderford
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.,Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jill M Kolesar
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.,Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Hunter N B Moseley
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Li Chen
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Chunming Liu
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Chi Wang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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25
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Zhang X, Wang Q, Luo Y, Song M, Zhou Z, Zeng L, Hu M, Yang C. Cyclin-dependent kinase 15 upregulation is correlated with poor prognosis for patients with breast cancer. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:300060521999552. [PMID: 34162268 PMCID: PMC8236788 DOI: 10.1177/0300060521999552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the clinical significance of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 15 in breast cancer. Methods This prospective observational study enrolled 154 patients with breast cancer. Tumor tissues and paired paracancerous normal tissues were collected. Additionally, 85 samples of benign breast lesions were obtained from patients with mammary gland hyperplasia. Patient characteristics were recorded, and CDK15, human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)2, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and Ki67 immunohistochemical expression were determined. Results The rate of strong CDK15 expression was 63.6% (98/154) in breast cancer tissues, which was remarkably higher than that in benign breast lesions (34.1%, 29/85). Similarly, the ratio of strong CDK15 expression was markedly higher in tumor tissues (63.6%, 98/15) than in paracancerous normal tissues (27.3%, 42/154). Pearson’s analysis showed that the CDK15 expression score was positively correlated with HER2 and Ki67. Patients with high CDK15 expression showed markedly higher ratios of TNM stage III to IV, lymph node metastasis, and increased tumor diameters but a significantly lower rate of ductal carcinoma in situ. The median survival time of these patients was significantly shorter. Kaplan–Meier curve analysis showed that low CDK15 expression predicted longer survival times. Conclusion Upregulated CDK15 predicted poor clinical outcomes in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiquan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yijun Luo
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Meijiao Song
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lin Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Meng Hu
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chuyan Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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26
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Roosan MR, Mambetsariev I, Pharaon R, Fricke J, Baroz AR, Chao J, Chen C, Nasser MW, Chirravuri-Venkata R, Jain M, Smith L, Yost SE, Reckamp KL, Pillai R, Arvanitis L, Afkhami M, Wang EW, Chung V, Cristea M, Fakih M, Koczywas M, Massarelli E, Mortimer J, Yuan Y, Batra SK, Pal S, Salgia R. Evaluation of Somatic Mutations in Solid Metastatic Pan-Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2776. [PMID: 34204917 PMCID: PMC8199748 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis continues to be the primary cause of all cancer-related deaths despite the recent advancements in cancer treatments. To evaluate the role of mutations in overall survival (OS) and treatment outcomes, we analyzed 957 metastatic patients with seven major cancer types who had available molecular testing results with a FoundationOne CDx® panel. The most prevalent genes with somatic mutations were TP53, KRAS, APC, and LRP1B. In this analysis, these genes had mutation frequencies higher than in publicly available datasets. We identified that the somatic mutations were seven mutually exclusive gene pairs and an additional fifty-two co-occurring gene pairs. Mutations in the mutually exclusive gene pair APC and CDKN2A showed an opposite effect on the overall survival. However, patients with CDKN2A mutations showed significantly shorter OS (HR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.34-2.21, p < 0.001) after adjusting for cancer type, age at diagnosis, and sex. Five-year post metastatic diagnosis survival analysis showed a significant improvement in OS (median survival 28 and 43 months in pre-2015 and post-2015 metastatic diagnosis, respectively, p = 0.00021) based on the year of metastatic diagnosis. Although the use of targeted therapies after metastatic diagnosis prolonged OS, the benefit was not statistically significant. However, longer five-year progression-free survival (PFS) was significantly associated with targeted therapy use (median 10.9 months (CI: 9.7-11.9 months) compared to 9.1 months (CI: 8.1-10.1 months) for non-targeted therapy, respectively, p = 0.0029). Our results provide a clinically relevant overview of the complex molecular landscape and survival mechanisms in metastatic solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moom R. Roosan
- School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA;
| | - Isa Mambetsariev
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (I.M.); (R.P.); (J.F.); (A.R.B.); (J.C.); (S.E.Y.); (K.L.R.); (E.W.W.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (M.F.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (J.M.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Rebecca Pharaon
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (I.M.); (R.P.); (J.F.); (A.R.B.); (J.C.); (S.E.Y.); (K.L.R.); (E.W.W.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (M.F.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (J.M.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Jeremy Fricke
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (I.M.); (R.P.); (J.F.); (A.R.B.); (J.C.); (S.E.Y.); (K.L.R.); (E.W.W.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (M.F.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (J.M.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Angel R. Baroz
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (I.M.); (R.P.); (J.F.); (A.R.B.); (J.C.); (S.E.Y.); (K.L.R.); (E.W.W.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (M.F.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (J.M.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Joseph Chao
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (I.M.); (R.P.); (J.F.); (A.R.B.); (J.C.); (S.E.Y.); (K.L.R.); (E.W.W.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (M.F.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (J.M.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Chen Chen
- Applied AI and Data Science, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Mohd W. Nasser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.W.N.); (R.C.-V.); (M.J.); (S.K.B.)
| | - Ramakanth Chirravuri-Venkata
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.W.N.); (R.C.-V.); (M.J.); (S.K.B.)
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.W.N.); (R.C.-V.); (M.J.); (S.K.B.)
| | - Lynette Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Susan E. Yost
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (I.M.); (R.P.); (J.F.); (A.R.B.); (J.C.); (S.E.Y.); (K.L.R.); (E.W.W.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (M.F.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (J.M.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Karen L. Reckamp
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (I.M.); (R.P.); (J.F.); (A.R.B.); (J.C.); (S.E.Y.); (K.L.R.); (E.W.W.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (M.F.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (J.M.); (Y.Y.)
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Raju Pillai
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (R.P.); (L.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Leonidas Arvanitis
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (R.P.); (L.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Michelle Afkhami
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (R.P.); (L.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Edward W. Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (I.M.); (R.P.); (J.F.); (A.R.B.); (J.C.); (S.E.Y.); (K.L.R.); (E.W.W.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (M.F.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (J.M.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Vincent Chung
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (I.M.); (R.P.); (J.F.); (A.R.B.); (J.C.); (S.E.Y.); (K.L.R.); (E.W.W.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (M.F.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (J.M.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Mihaela Cristea
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (I.M.); (R.P.); (J.F.); (A.R.B.); (J.C.); (S.E.Y.); (K.L.R.); (E.W.W.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (M.F.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (J.M.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Marwan Fakih
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (I.M.); (R.P.); (J.F.); (A.R.B.); (J.C.); (S.E.Y.); (K.L.R.); (E.W.W.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (M.F.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (J.M.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Marianna Koczywas
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (I.M.); (R.P.); (J.F.); (A.R.B.); (J.C.); (S.E.Y.); (K.L.R.); (E.W.W.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (M.F.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (J.M.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Erminia Massarelli
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (I.M.); (R.P.); (J.F.); (A.R.B.); (J.C.); (S.E.Y.); (K.L.R.); (E.W.W.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (M.F.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (J.M.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Joanne Mortimer
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (I.M.); (R.P.); (J.F.); (A.R.B.); (J.C.); (S.E.Y.); (K.L.R.); (E.W.W.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (M.F.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (J.M.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (I.M.); (R.P.); (J.F.); (A.R.B.); (J.C.); (S.E.Y.); (K.L.R.); (E.W.W.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (M.F.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (J.M.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.W.N.); (R.C.-V.); (M.J.); (S.K.B.)
| | - Sumanta Pal
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (I.M.); (R.P.); (J.F.); (A.R.B.); (J.C.); (S.E.Y.); (K.L.R.); (E.W.W.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (M.F.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (J.M.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (I.M.); (R.P.); (J.F.); (A.R.B.); (J.C.); (S.E.Y.); (K.L.R.); (E.W.W.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (M.F.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (J.M.); (Y.Y.)
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27
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Li H, Wang J, Yi Z, Li C, Wang H, Zhang J, Wang T, Nan P, Lin F, Xu D, Qian H, Ma F. CDK12 inhibition enhances sensitivity of HER2+ breast cancers to HER2-tyrosine kinase inhibitor via suppressing PI3K/AKT. Eur J Cancer 2021; 145:92-108. [PMID: 33429148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alhtough anti-HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have radically prolonged survival and improved prognosis in HER2-positive breast cancer patients, resistance to these therapies is a constant obstacle leading to TKIs treatment failure and tumour progression. METHODS To develop new strategies to enhance TKIs efficiency by combining synergistic gene targets, we performed panel library screening using the CRISPR/Cas9 knockout technique based on data mining across TCGA data sets and verified the candidate target in preclinical models and breast cancer high-throughput sequencing data sets. RESULTS We identified that CDK12, co-amplified with HER2 in a high frequency, is powerful to sensitise or resensitise HER2-positive breast cancer to anti-HER2 TKIs lapatinib, evidenced by patient-derived organoids in vitro and cell-derived xenograft or patient-derived xenograft in vivo. Exploring mechanisms, we found that inhibition of CDK12 attenuated PI3K/AKT signal, which usually serves as an oncogenic driver and is reactivated when HER2-positive breast cancers develop resistance to lapatinib. Combining CDK12 inhibition exerted additional suppression on p-AKT activation induced by anti-HER2 TKIs lapatinib treatment. Clinically, via DNA sequencing data for tumour tissue and peripheral blood ctDNA, we found that HER2-positive breast cancer patients with CDK12 amplification responded more insensitively to anti-HER2 treatment than those without accompanying CDK12 amplification by harbouring a markedly shortened progression-free survival (PFS) (median PFS: 4.3 months versus 6.9 months; hazards ratio [HR] = 2.26 [95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.32-3.86]; P = 0.0028). CONCLUSIONS Dual inhibition of HER2/CDK12 will prominently benefit the outcomes of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer by sensitising or resensitising the tumours to anti-HER2 TKIs treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/enzymology
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cyclic N-Oxides/pharmacology
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/genetics
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/metabolism
- Databases, Genetic
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Gene Amplification
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Indolizines/pharmacology
- Lapatinib/pharmacology
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Pyridinium Compounds/pharmacology
- Receptor, ErbB-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Zongbi Yi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chunxiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Haijuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jingyao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Peng Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Feng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Dongkui Xu
- Department of VIP, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Haili Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Fei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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28
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Liu Y, Zhao Q, Xu F, Wang K, Zhao Y, Chen H, He W, Wang W, Zhang J, Zhang J. Dysregulation of phosphoproteins in hepatocellular carcinoma revealed via quantitative analysis of the phosphoproteome. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:117. [PMID: 33408763 PMCID: PMC7779902 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed types of cancer in the world. Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, serve an essential role during cancer development. To identify aberrant phosphorylation in HCC, a multiplexed tandem mass tag approach combined with liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry was used in the present study. The results are available via ProteomeXchange (identifier no. PXD013934). A total of 4,780 phosphorylated sites distributed on 2,209 proteins were identified and quantified, including 74 and 459 phosphorylated upregulated and downregulated proteins, respectively. Bioinformatic analysis revealed differences and similarities between HCC and normal tissues. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis provided information on biological processes, molecular functions, cellular components and sub-cellular localizations. Protein domains enrichment of differentially expressed proteins was analyzed using InterPro database. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed pathways that may potentially be involved in HCC. Integrative analysis of the functions, pathways, motifs of phosphorylated peptides, protein domains and protein interactions established a profile of the phosphoproteome of HCC, which may contribute to identify novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC, as well as novel therapeutic targets for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Liu
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Qianwei Zhao
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Fang Xu
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Kaijuan Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Huiping Chen
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Wei He
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Jintao Zhang
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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29
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Xu C, Bai Q, Wang C, Meng Q, Gu Y, Wang Q, Xu W, Han Y, Qin Y, Jia S, Zhang J, Xu J, Li J, Chen M, Wang F. miR-433 Inhibits Neuronal Growth and Promotes Autophagy in Mouse Hippocampal HT-22 Cell Line. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:536913. [PMID: 33381022 PMCID: PMC7768889 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.536913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have an increasing functional role in some neurodegenerative diseases. Autophagy, the degradation of bulk protein in the cytoplasm, is the quality control function of protein and has a protective role in the survival of neural cells. miR-433 may play a regulatory role in neurodegenerative diseases. Many aspects underlying the mechanism of miR-433 in neural development and neurodegeneration are not clear. Methods: In this study, we established stable cell lines expressing miR-433 by infecting mouse hippocampal neural cell line (HT-22) cells with rLV-miR-433 and the control rLV-miR. Pre-miR-433 expression was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Mature miR-433 expression was measured using quantitative PCR (qPCR). The effect of miR-433 overexpression on cell proliferation was determined using a CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry. RNA interference was used to analyze the function of Cdk12 in mediating the effect of miR-433 on cell proliferation. The effect of miR-433 overexpression on cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. Autophagy-related genes Atg4a, LC3B, and Beclin-1 were determined using qPCR, Western blot, or immunofluorescence. In addition, RNA interference was used to analyze the effect of Atg4a on the induction of autophagy. TargetScan 7.2 was used to predict the target genes of miR-433, and Smad9 was determined using qPCR. Results: Our results indicated that miR-433 increased the expression of Atg4a and induced autophagy by increasing the expression of LC3B-Ⅱ and Beclin-1 in an Atg4a-dependent manner. In addition, miR-433 upregulated the expression of Cdk12 and inhibited cell proliferation in a Cdk12-dependent manner and promoted apoptosis in HT-22 cells under the treatment of 10-hydroxycamptothecin. Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that miR-433 may regulate neuronal growth by promoting autophagy and attenuating cell proliferation. This might be a potential therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Seventh People's Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingke Bai
- Department of Neurology, Pudong People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuyu Meng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuming Gu
- Department of Neurology, The Seventh People's Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiwei Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Seventh People's Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Seventh People's Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Neurology, The Seventh People's Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Qin
- Department of Neurology, The Seventh People's Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Jia
- Teaching Laboratory Center of Medicine and Life Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfang Zhang
- Teaching Laboratory Center of Medicine and Life Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Teaching Laboratory Center of Medicine and Life Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Teaching Laboratory Center of Medicine and Life Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shidong hospital, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Seventh People's Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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30
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Yanai Y, Kosaka T, Nakamura K, Aimono E, Matsumoto K, Morita S, Mikami S, Nishihara H, Oya M. CDK12 and HER2 coamplification in two urothelial carcinomas with rapid and aggressive clinical progression. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:4652-4655. [PMID: 33038052 PMCID: PMC7734002 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin‐dependent kinase 12 (CDK12), one of the key factors associated with DNA damage response pathways, is located on chromosome 17 proximal to Erb‐B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2). In this report, CDK12 and ERBB2 coamplification was detected by targeted next‐generation sequencing in two urothelial carcinomas. The staining intensity of the CDK12 and human epidermal growth factor receptor‐2 proteins was associated with the prognosis of each urothelial carcinoma case. Our results suggest that CDK12 coamplification with ERBB2 might be associated with tumor aggressiveness and contribution to cancer pathogenesis. Therapies targeting CDK12 should be developed for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Yanai
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Kosaka
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Nakamura
- Genomics Unit, Keio Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eriko Aimono
- Genomics Unit, Keio Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Shinya Morita
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuji Mikami
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishihara
- Genomics Unit, Keio Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Oya
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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31
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Zhong J, Jermusyk A, Wu L, Hoskins JW, Collins I, Mocci E, Zhang M, Song L, Chung CC, Zhang T, Xiao W, Albanes D, Andreotti G, Arslan AA, Babic A, Bamlet WR, Beane-Freeman L, Berndt S, Borgida A, Bracci PM, Brais L, Brennan P, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Buring J, Canzian F, Childs EJ, Cotterchio M, Du M, Duell EJ, Fuchs C, Gallinger S, Gaziano JM, Giles GG, Giovannucci E, Goggins M, Goodman GE, Goodman PJ, Haiman C, Hartge P, Hasan M, Helzlsouer KJ, Holly EA, Klein EA, Kogevinas M, Kurtz RJ, LeMarchand L, Malats N, Männistö S, Milne R, Neale RE, Ng K, Obazee O, Oberg AL, Orlow I, Patel AV, Peters U, Porta M, Rothman N, Scelo G, Sesso HD, Severi G, Sieri S, Silverman D, Sund M, Tjønneland A, Thornquist MD, Tobias GS, Trichopoulou A, Van Den Eeden SK, Visvanathan K, Wactawski-Wende J, Wentzensen N, White E, Yu H, Yuan C, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Hoover R, Brown K, Kooperberg C, Risch HA, Jacobs EJ, Li D, Yu K, Shu XO, Chanock SJ, Wolpin BM, Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ, Chatterjee N, Klein AP, Smith JP, Kraft P, Shi J, Petersen GM, Zheng W, Amundadottir LT. A Transcriptome-Wide Association Study Identifies Novel Candidate Susceptibility Genes for Pancreatic Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2020; 112:1003-1012. [PMID: 31917448 PMCID: PMC7566474 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djz246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although 20 pancreatic cancer susceptibility loci have been identified through genome-wide association studies in individuals of European ancestry, much of its heritability remains unexplained and the genes responsible largely unknown. METHODS To discover novel pancreatic cancer risk loci and possible causal genes, we performed a pancreatic cancer transcriptome-wide association study in Europeans using three approaches: FUSION, MetaXcan, and Summary-MulTiXcan. We integrated genome-wide association studies summary statistics from 9040 pancreatic cancer cases and 12 496 controls, with gene expression prediction models built using transcriptome data from histologically normal pancreatic tissue samples (NCI Laboratory of Translational Genomics [n = 95] and Genotype-Tissue Expression v7 [n = 174] datasets) and data from 48 different tissues (Genotype-Tissue Expression v7, n = 74-421 samples). RESULTS We identified 25 genes whose genetically predicted expression was statistically significantly associated with pancreatic cancer risk (false discovery rate < .05), including 14 candidate genes at 11 novel loci (1p36.12: CELA3B; 9q31.1: SMC2, SMC2-AS1; 10q23.31: RP11-80H5.9; 12q13.13: SMUG1; 14q32.33: BTBD6; 15q23: HEXA; 15q26.1: RCCD1; 17q12: PNMT, CDK12, PGAP3; 17q22: SUPT4H1; 18q11.22: RP11-888D10.3; and 19p13.11: PGPEP1) and 11 at six known risk loci (5p15.33: TERT, CLPTM1L, ZDHHC11B; 7p14.1: INHBA; 9q34.2: ABO; 13q12.2: PDX1; 13q22.1: KLF5; and 16q23.1: WDR59, CFDP1, BCAR1, TMEM170A). The association for 12 of these genes (CELA3B, SMC2, and PNMT at novel risk loci and TERT, CLPTM1L, INHBA, ABO, PDX1, KLF5, WDR59, CFDP1, and BCAR1 at known loci) remained statistically significant after Bonferroni correction. CONCLUSIONS By integrating gene expression and genotype data, we identified novel pancreatic cancer risk loci and candidate functional genes that warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhong
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ashley Jermusyk
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lang Wu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jason W Hoskins
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Irene Collins
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Evelina Mocci
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mingfeng Zhang
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Lei Song
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Charles C Chung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tongwu Zhang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wenming Xiao
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Pathology, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gabriella Andreotti
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alan A Arslan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ana Babic
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William R Bamlet
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Laura Beane-Freeman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sonja Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ayelet Borgida
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paige M Bracci
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, CA, USA
| | - Lauren Brais
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Julie Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Erica J Childs
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michelle Cotterchio
- Cancer Care Ontario, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mengmeng Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric J Duell
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Steven Gallinger
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Goggins
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gary E Goodman
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Phyllis J Goodman
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christopher Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Patricia Hartge
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Manal Hasan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kathy J Helzlsouer
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Holly
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric A Klein
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Institute of Medical Research, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert J Kurtz
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Loic LeMarchand
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Núria Malats
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roger Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rachel E Neale
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kimmie Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ofure Obazee
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ann L Oberg
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Irene Orlow
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alpa V Patel
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Miquel Porta
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Institute of Medical Research, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ghislaine Scelo
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Howard D Sesso
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP, Inserm U1018), Facultés de Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, UPS, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Sabina Sieri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Debra Silverman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Malin Sund
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Mark D Thornquist
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Geoffrey S Tobias
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Kala Visvanathan
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emily White
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Herbert Yu
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Chen Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin Brown
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Harvey A Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Eric J Jacobs
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Donghui Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kai Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian M Wolpin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachael Z Stolzenberg-Solomon
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alison P Klein
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jill P Smith
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gloria M Petersen
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Laufey T Amundadottir
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Liang S, Hu L, Wu Z, Chen Z, Liu S, Xu X, Qian A. CDK12: A Potent Target and Biomarker for Human Cancer Therapy. Cells 2020; 9:E1483. [PMID: 32570740 PMCID: PMC7349380 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are a group of serine/threonine protein kinases and play crucial roles in various cellular processes by regulating cell cycle and gene transcription. Cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12) is an important transcription-associated CDK. It shows versatile roles in regulating gene transcription, RNA splicing, translation, DNA damage response (DDR), cell cycle progression and cell proliferation. Recently, increasing evidence demonstrates the important role of CDK12 in various human cancers, illustrating it as both a biomarker of cancer and a potential target for cancer therapy. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of CDK12, and review the research advances of CDK12's biological functions, especially its role in human cancers and as a potential target and biomarker for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Liang
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.L.); (L.H.); (Z.W.); (Z.C.); (S.L.); (X.X.)
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Lifang Hu
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.L.); (L.H.); (Z.W.); (Z.C.); (S.L.); (X.X.)
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Zixiang Wu
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.L.); (L.H.); (Z.W.); (Z.C.); (S.L.); (X.X.)
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.L.); (L.H.); (Z.W.); (Z.C.); (S.L.); (X.X.)
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Shuyu Liu
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.L.); (L.H.); (Z.W.); (Z.C.); (S.L.); (X.X.)
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Xia Xu
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.L.); (L.H.); (Z.W.); (Z.C.); (S.L.); (X.X.)
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Airong Qian
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.L.); (L.H.); (Z.W.); (Z.C.); (S.L.); (X.X.)
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
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Santana dos Santos E, Lallemand F, Petitalot A, Caputo SM, Rouleau E. HRness in Breast and Ovarian Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3850. [PMID: 32481735 PMCID: PMC7312125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian and breast cancers are currently defined by the main pathways involved in the tumorigenesis. The majority are carcinomas, originating from epithelial cells that are in constant division and subjected to cyclical variations of the estrogen stimulus during the female hormonal cycle, therefore being vulnerable to DNA damage. A portion of breast and ovarian carcinomas arises in the context of DNA repair defects, in which genetic instability is the backdrop for cancer initiation and progression. For these tumors, DNA repair deficiency is now increasingly recognized as a target for therapeutics. In hereditary breast/ovarian cancers (HBOC), tumors with BRCA1/2 mutations present an impairment of DNA repair by homologous recombination (HR). For many years, BRCA1/2 mutations were only screened on germline DNA, but now they are also searched at the tumor level to personalize treatment. The reason of the inactivation of this pathway remains uncertain for most cases, even in the presence of a HR-deficient signature. Evidence indicates that identifying the mechanism of HR inactivation should improve both genetic counseling and therapeutic response, since they can be useful as new biomarkers of response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Santana dos Santos
- Department of Medical Biology and Pathology, Gustave Roussy, Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France;
- Department of Clinical Oncology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01509-010, Brazil
| | - François Lallemand
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France; (F.L.); (A.P.); (S.M.C.)
- PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ambre Petitalot
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France; (F.L.); (A.P.); (S.M.C.)
- PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine M. Caputo
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France; (F.L.); (A.P.); (S.M.C.)
- PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Etienne Rouleau
- Department of Medical Biology and Pathology, Gustave Roussy, Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France;
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34
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Therapeutic Targeting of the General RNA Polymerase II Transcription Machinery. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093354. [PMID: 32397434 PMCID: PMC7246882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors targeting the general RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) transcription machinery are candidate therapeutics in cancer and other complex diseases. Here, we review the molecular targets and mechanisms of action of these compounds, framing them within the steps of RNAPII transcription. We discuss the effects of transcription inhibitors in vitro and in cellular models (with an emphasis on cancer), as well as their efficacy in preclinical and clinical studies. We also discuss the rationale for inhibiting broadly acting transcriptional regulators or RNAPII itself in complex diseases.
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35
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Fan Z, Devlin JR, Hogg SJ, Doyle MA, Harrison PF, Todorovski I, Cluse LA, Knight DA, Sandow JJ, Gregory G, Fox A, Beilharz TH, Kwiatkowski N, Scott NE, Vidakovic AT, Kelly GP, Svejstrup JQ, Geyer M, Gray NS, Vervoort SJ, Johnstone RW. CDK13 cooperates with CDK12 to control global RNA polymerase II processivity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz5041. [PMID: 32917631 PMCID: PMC7190357 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz5041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The RNA polymerase II (POLII)-driven transcription cycle is tightly regulated at distinct checkpoints by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their cognate cyclins. The molecular events underpinning transcriptional elongation, processivity, and the CDK-cyclin pair(s) involved remain poorly understood. Using CRISPR-Cas9 homology-directed repair, we generated analog-sensitive kinase variants of CDK12 and CDK13 to probe their individual and shared biological and molecular roles. Single inhibition of CDK12 or CDK13 induced transcriptional responses associated with cellular growth signaling pathways and/or DNA damage, with minimal effects on cell viability. In contrast, dual kinase inhibition potently induced cell death, which was associated with extensive genome-wide transcriptional changes including widespread use of alternative 3' polyadenylation sites. At the molecular level, dual kinase inhibition resulted in the loss of POLII CTD phosphorylation and greatly reduced POLII elongation rates and processivity. These data define substantial redundancy between CDK12 and CDK13 and identify both as fundamental regulators of global POLII processivity and transcription elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Fan
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, 3000 VIC, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052 VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer R Devlin
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, 3000 VIC, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052 VIC, Australia
| | - Simon J Hogg
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, 3000 VIC, Australia
| | - Maria A Doyle
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, 3000 VIC, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052 VIC, Australia
| | - Paul F Harrison
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC, Australia
- Monash Bioinformatics Platform, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC, Australia
| | - Izabela Todorovski
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, 3000 VIC, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052 VIC, Australia
| | - Leonie A Cluse
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, 3000 VIC, Australia
| | - Deborah A Knight
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, 3000 VIC, Australia
| | - Jarrod J Sandow
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, 3052 VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3052 VIC, Australia
| | - Gareth Gregory
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, 3000 VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Fox
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, 3000 VIC, Australia
| | - Traude H Beilharz
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC, Australia
| | - Nicholas Kwiatkowski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nichollas E Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052 VIC, Australia
| | | | - Gavin P Kelly
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Jesper Q Svejstrup
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Matthias Geyer
- Institute of Structural Biology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephin J Vervoort
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, 3000 VIC, Australia.
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052 VIC, Australia
| | - Ricky W Johnstone
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, 3000 VIC, Australia.
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052 VIC, Australia
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36
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Terkelsen T, Krogh A, Papaleo E. CAncer bioMarker Prediction Pipeline (CAMPP)-A standardized framework for the analysis of quantitative biological data. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1007665. [PMID: 32176694 PMCID: PMC7108742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
With the improvement of -omics and next-generation sequencing (NGS) methodologies, along with the lowered cost of generating these types of data, the analysis of high-throughput biological data has become standard both for forming and testing biomedical hypotheses. Our knowledge of how to normalize datasets to remove latent undesirable variances has grown extensively, making for standardized data that are easily compared between studies. Here we present the CAncer bioMarker Prediction Pipeline (CAMPP), an open-source R-based wrapper (https://github.com/ELELAB/CAncer-bioMarker-Prediction-Pipeline -CAMPP) intended to aid bioinformatic software-users with data analyses. CAMPP is called from a terminal command line and is supported by a user-friendly manual. The pipeline may be run on a local computer and requires little or no knowledge of programming. To avoid issues relating to R-package updates, a renv .lock file is provided to ensure R-package stability. Data-management includes missing value imputation, data normalization, and distributional checks. CAMPP performs (I) k-means clustering, (II) differential expression/abundance analysis, (III) elastic-net regression, (IV) correlation and co-expression network analyses, (V) survival analysis, and (VI) protein-protein/miRNA-gene interaction networks. The pipeline returns tabular files and graphical representations of the results. We hope that CAMPP will assist in streamlining bioinformatic analysis of quantitative biological data, whilst ensuring an appropriate bio-statistical framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilde Terkelsen
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Danish Cancer Society Research Center and Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Krogh
- Unit of Computational and RNA biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Elena Papaleo
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Danish Cancer Society Research Center and Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Translational Disease System Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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37
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Pilarova K, Herudek J, Blazek D. CDK12: cellular functions and therapeutic potential of versatile player in cancer. NAR Cancer 2020; 2:zcaa003. [PMID: 34316683 PMCID: PMC8210036 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12) phosphorylates the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II and is needed for the optimal transcription elongation and translation of a subset of human protein-coding genes. The kinase has a pleiotropic effect on the maintenance of genome stability, and its inactivation in prostate and ovarian tumours results in focal tandem duplications, a CDK12-unique genome instability phenotype. CDK12 aberrations were found in many other malignancies and have the potential to be used as biomarkers for therapeutic intervention. Moreover, the inhibition of CDK12 emerges as a promising strategy for treatment in several types of cancers. In this review, we summarize mechanisms that CDK12 utilizes for the regulation of gene expression and discuss how the perturbation of CDK12-sensitive genes contributes to the disruption of cell cycle progression and the onset of genome instability. Furthermore, we describe tumour-suppressive and oncogenic functions of CDK12 and its potential as a biomarker and inhibition target in anti-tumour treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kveta Pilarova
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Herudek
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dalibor Blazek
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
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38
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Robert T, Johnson JL, Guichaoua R, Yaron TM, Bach S, Cantley LC, Colas P. Development of a CDK10/CycM in vitro Kinase Screening Assay and Identification of First Small-Molecule Inhibitors. Front Chem 2020; 8:147. [PMID: 32175313 PMCID: PMC7056863 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) constitute a family of 20 serine/threonine protein kinases that play pivotal roles in the regulation of numerous important molecular and cellular processes. CDKs have long been considered promising therapeutic targets in a variety of pathologies, and the recent therapeutic success of CDK4/6 inhibitors in breast cancers has renewed interest in their therapeutic potential. Small-molecule inhibitors have been identified for every human CDK, except for CDK10. The only recent discovery of an activating cyclin (CycM) for CDK10 enabled us to identify its first phosphorylation substrates and gain insights into its biological functions. Yet, our knowledge of this kinase remains incomplete, despite it being the only member of its family that causes severe human developmental syndromes, when mutated either on the cyclin or the CDK moiety. CDK10 small-molecule inhibitors would be useful in exploring the functions of this kinase and gauging its potential as a therapeutic target for some cancers. Here, we report the identification of an optimized peptide phosphorylation substrate of CDK10/CycM and the development of the first homogeneous, miniaturized CDK10/CycM in vitro kinase assay. We reveal the ability of known CDK inhibitors, among which clinically tested SNS-032, riviciclib, flavopiridol, dinaciclib, AZD4573 and AT7519, to potently inhibit CDK10/CycM. We also show that NVP-2, a strong, remarkably selective CDK9 inhibitor is an equally potent CDK10/CycM inhibitor. Finally, we validate this kinase assay for applications in high-throughput screening campaigns to discover new, original CDK10 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Robert
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université/CNRS, Roscoff, France.,Kinase Inhibitor Specialized Screening Facility (KISSf), Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université/CNRS, Roscoff, France
| | - Jared L Johnson
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Roxane Guichaoua
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université/CNRS, Roscoff, France
| | - Tomer M Yaron
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Stéphane Bach
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université/CNRS, Roscoff, France.,Kinase Inhibitor Specialized Screening Facility (KISSf), Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université/CNRS, Roscoff, France
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Pierre Colas
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université/CNRS, Roscoff, France
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39
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Chou J, Quigley DA, Robinson TM, Feng FY, Ashworth A. Transcription-Associated Cyclin-Dependent Kinases as Targets and Biomarkers for Cancer Therapy. Cancer Discov 2020; 10:351-370. [DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-0528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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40
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Tibes R, Bogenberger JM. Transcriptional Silencing of MCL-1 Through Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibition in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1205. [PMID: 31921615 PMCID: PMC6920180 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common adult acute leukemia. Survival remains poor, despite decades of scientific advances. Cytotoxic induction chemotherapy regimens are standard-of-care for most patients. Many investigations have highlighted the genomic heterogeneity of AML, and several new targeted therapeutic options have recently been approved. Additional novel therapies are showing promising clinical results and may rapidly transform the therapeutic landscape of AML. Despite the emerging clinical success of B-cell lymphoma (BCL)-2 targeting in AML and a large body of preclinical data supporting myeloid leukemia cell (MCL)-1 as an attractive therapeutic target for AML, MCL-1 targeting remains relatively unexplored, although novel MCL-1 inhibitors are under clinical investigation. Inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) involved in the regulation of transcription, CDK9 in particular, are being investigated in AML as a strategy to target MCL-1 indirectly. In this article, we review the basis for CDK inhibition in oncology with a focus on relevant preclinical mechanism-of-action studies of CDK9 inhibitors in the context of their therapeutic potential specifically in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoul Tibes
- NYU School of Medicine & Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
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41
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Zhou B, Ho SS, Greer SU, Spies N, Bell JM, Zhang X, Zhu X, Arthur JG, Byeon S, Pattni R, Saha I, Huang Y, Song G, Perrin D, Wong WH, Ji HP, Abyzov A, Urban AE. Haplotype-resolved and integrated genome analysis of the cancer cell line HepG2. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:3846-3861. [PMID: 30864654 PMCID: PMC6486628 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
HepG2 is one of the most widely used human cancer cell lines in biomedical research and one of the main cell lines of ENCODE. Although the functional genomic and epigenomic characteristics of HepG2 are extensively studied, its genome sequence has never been comprehensively analyzed and higher order genomic structural features are largely unknown. The high degree of aneuploidy in HepG2 renders traditional genome variant analysis methods challenging and partially ineffective. Correct and complete interpretation of the extensive functional genomics data from HepG2 requires an understanding of the cell line’s genome sequence and genome structure. Using a variety of sequencing and analysis methods, we identified a wide spectrum of genome characteristics in HepG2: copy numbers of chromosomal segments at high resolution, SNVs and Indels (corrected for aneuploidy), regions with loss of heterozygosity, phased haplotypes extending to entire chromosome arms, retrotransposon insertions and structural variants (SVs) including complex and somatic genomic rearrangements. A large number of SVs were phased, sequence assembled and experimentally validated. We re-analyzed published HepG2 datasets for allele-specific expression and DNA methylation and assembled an allele-specific CRISPR/Cas9 targeting map. We demonstrate how deeper insights into genomic regulatory complexity are gained by adopting a genome-integrated framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Steve S Ho
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stephanie U Greer
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Noah Spies
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Genome-scale Measurements Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - John M Bell
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Xianglong Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiaowei Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph G Arthur
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Seunggyu Byeon
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Reenal Pattni
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ishan Saha
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yiling Huang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Giltae Song
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Dimitri Perrin
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Wing H Wong
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Biomedical Data Science, Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hanlee P Ji
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Alexej Abyzov
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Alexander E Urban
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Tashia and John Morgridge Faculty Scholar, Stanford Child Health Research Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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42
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Geng M, Yang Y, Cao X, Dang L, Zhang T, Zhang L. Targeting CDK12-mediated transcription regulation in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 520:544-550. [PMID: 31615655 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is the most aggressive type of thyroid cancer, with no effective treatment available. Identification of new anti-ATC drugs represents an urgent need. In this study, we find that ATC cells are highly sensitive to THZ531, a potent inhibitor of the transcriptional cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK), CDK12. Cell-based assays demonstrate that CDK12 inhibition significantly impedes cell cycle progression, induces apoptotic cell death, and impairs colony formation in ATC cells. THZ531 causes a loss of elongating RNA polymerase II and suppresses gene expression in ATC cells. An integrative analysis of gene expression profiles and super-enhancer landscape, combining with functional assays, leads to the discovery of two new ATC cancer genes, ZC3H4 and NEMP1. Furthermore, CDK12 inhibition enhances the sensitivity of ATC cells to doxorubicin-mediated chemotherapy. Thus, these findings indicate that CDK12 is a potential therapeutic target for ATC treatment and its inhibition may help to overcome the chemoresistance in patients with ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Geng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yiyi Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xinyi Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Lin Dang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Tianye Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Lirong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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43
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Kujan O, Huang G, Ravindran A, Vijayan M, Farah CS. The role of cyclin-dependent kinases in oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2019; 48:560-565. [PMID: 31172620 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a major global health problem with a relatively low-moderate 5-year survival rate. OSCC is often preceded by lesions and conditions known as oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) that have an increased risk of malignant transformation. Despite advances in diagnostic technology and cancer research, the prognosis of OSCC remains poor as it is frequently detected a late stage. Understanding the molecular pathways involved in oral carcinogenesis provides a platform to identify biomarkers that may allow the early detection of OSCC and accurate prediction of the malignant potential of OPMDs. In addition, specific molecular inhibitors can be developed to target these important pathways and allow advanced therapeutic management to improve the prognosis of this malignancy. A common feature across a number of different cancers is the dysfunction of cell cycle moderator proteins known as cyclin-dependent kinases. This review summarises the current literature regarding the role of cyclin-dependent kinases in oral carcinogenesis with a particular focus on cyclin-dependent kinases 4 (CDK4) and 6 (CDK6). This is of particular relevance as CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitors have shown some promising results in other cancer types and are interesting potential treatments for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Kujan
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gareth Huang
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ashwati Ravindran
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Monisha Vijayan
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Camile S Farah
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Australian Centre for Oral Oncology Research & Education, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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44
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Lin X, Beckers E, Mc Cafferty S, Gansemans Y, Joanna Szymańska K, Chaitanya Pavani K, Catani JP, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Deforce D, De Sutter P, Van Soom A, Peelman L. Bovine Embryo-Secreted microRNA-30c Is a Potential Non-invasive Biomarker for Hampered Preimplantation Developmental Competence. Front Genet 2019; 10:315. [PMID: 31024625 PMCID: PMC6459987 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, secreted microRNAs (miRNAs) have received a lot of attention since they may act as autocrine factors. However, how secreted miRNAs influence embryonic development is still poorly understood. We identified 294 miRNAs, 114 known, and 180 novel, in the conditioned medium of individually cultured bovine embryos. Of these miRNAs, miR-30c and miR-10b were much more abundant in conditioned medium of slow cleaving embryos compared to intermediate cleaving ones. MiR-10b, miR-novel-44, and miR-novel-45 were higher expressed in the conditioned medium of degenerate embryos compared to blastocysts, while the reverse was observed for miR-novel-113 and miR-novel-139. Supplementation of miR-30c mimics into the culture medium confirmed the uptake of miR-30c mimics by embryos and resulted in increased cell apoptosis, as also shown after delivery of miR-30c mimics in Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells (MDBKs). We also demonstrated that miR-30c directly targets Cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12) through its 3′ untranslated region (3′-UTR) and inhibits its expression. Overexpression and downregulation of CDK12 revealed the opposite results of the delivery of miRNA-30c mimics and inhibitor. The significant down-regulation of several tested DNA damage response (DDR) genes, after increasing miR-30c or reducing CDK12 expression, suggests a possible role for miR-30c in regulating embryo development through DDR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Lin
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Evy Beckers
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Séan Mc Cafferty
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Yannick Gansemans
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - João Portela Catani
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Nieuwerburgh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dieter Deforce
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Petra De Sutter
- Department of Uro-Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Soom
- Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Luc Peelman
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Greenleaf AL. Human CDK12 and CDK13, multi-tasking CTD kinases for the new millenium. Transcription 2019; 10:91-110. [PMID: 30319007 PMCID: PMC6602566 DOI: 10.1080/21541264.2018.1535211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
As the new millennium began, CDK12 and CDK13 were discovered as nucleotide sequences that encode protein kinases related to cell cycle CDKs. By the end of the first decade both proteins had been qualified as CTD kinases, and it was emerging that both are heterodimers containing a Cyclin K subunit. Since then, many studies on CDK12 have shown that, through phosphorylating the CTD of transcribing RNAPII, it plays critical roles in several stages of gene expression, notably RNA processing; it is also crucial for maintaining genome stability. Fewer studies on CKD13 have clearly shown that it is functionally distinct from CDK12. CDK13 is important for proper expression of a number of genes, but it also probably plays yet-to-be-discovered roles in other processes. This review summarizes much of the work on CDK12 and CDK13 and attempts to evaluate the results and place them in context. Our understanding of these two enzymes has begun to mature, but we still have much to learn about both. An indicator of one major area of medically-relevant future research comes from the discovery that CDK12 is a tumor suppressor, notably for certain ovarian and prostate cancers. A challenge for the future is to understand CDK12 and CDK13 well enough to explain how their loss promotes cancer development and how we can intercede to prevent or treat those cancers. Abbreviations: CDK: cyclin-dependent kinase; CTD: C-terminal repeat domain of POLR2A; CTDK-I: CTD kinase I (yeast); Ctk1: catalytic subunit of CTDK-I; Ctk2: cyclin-like subunit of CTDK-I; PCAP: phosphoCTD-associating protein; POLR2A: largest subunit of RNAPII; SRI domain: Set2-RNAPII Interacting domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arno L. Greenleaf
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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46
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Ji J, Zhou C, Wu J, Cai Q, Shi M, Zhang H, Yu Y, Zhu Z, Zhang J. Expression pattern of CDK12 protein in gastric cancer and its positive correlation with CD8 + cell density and CCL12 expression. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:1142-1148. [PMID: 31523177 PMCID: PMC6743279 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.34541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aims of this study were to investigate the expression pattern of CDK12 protein in gastric cancer, and to analyze the correlations of CDK12 expression between CD8+ cell density and CCL12 expression. Methods: Eighty-six paired tumor and non-tumor samples were collected from patients who underwent radical surgery and had pathological confirmed gastric adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess CDK12 expression and CD8+ cell density. Expression of CDK12 and CCL21 mRNA was detected by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results: CDK12 expression in gastric tumor tissues was significantly higher than it in paired non-tumor tissues (P<0.001). High expression of CDK12 was identified in 43 cases (50%), and it was significantly correlated with Lauren's classification (diffuse type) and number of metastatic lymph nodes (≥15). High CDK12 protein level indicated a relative poorer overall survival than patients with CKD12 low expression, while it was not identified as an independent prognostic factor. Median number of CD8+ cells in tumor tissues was 51 (range: 0-292). Number of CD8+ cells was positively correlated with CDK12 expression score in tumor tissues (r=0.243, P=0.024). Positive correlation was also found between CDK12 and CCL21 mRNA expression (r=0.419, P=0.017). Conclusion: High CDK12 expression was detected in gastric cancer which was correlated with malignant phenotypes and worse outcome. Positive correlations of CD8+ cell number and CCL21 mRNA expression with CDK12 level were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ji
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chenfei Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Junwei Wu
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qu Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yingyan Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhenggang Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
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Abstract
The fact that many cancer types display transcriptional addiction driven by dysregulation of oncogenic enhancers and transcription factors has led to increased interest in a group of protein kinases, known as transcriptional cyclin dependent kinases (tCDKs), as potential therapeutic targets. Despite early reservations about targeting a process that is essential to healthy cell types, there is now evidence that targeting tCDKs could provide enough therapeutic window to be effective in the clinic. Here, we discuss recent developments in this field, with an emphasis on highly-selective inhibitors and the challenges to be addressed before these inhibitors could be used for therapeutic purposes. Abbreviations: CAK: CDK-activating kinase;CDK: cyclin-dependent kinase;CMGC group: CDK-, MAPK-, GSK3-, and CLK-like;CTD: C-terminal repeat domain of the RPB1 subunit of RNA polymerase II;DRB: 5,6-dichloro-1-β-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole;mCRPC: metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer;NSCLC: non-small cell lung cancer;P-TEFb: positive elongation factor b;RNAPII: RNA polymerase II;S2: serine-2 of CTD repeats;S5: serine-5 of CTD repeats;S7: serine-7 of CTD repeats;SEC: super elongation complex;tCDK: transcriptional cyclin-dependent kinase;TNBC: triple-negative breast cancer
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Galbraith
- a Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, School of Medicine , University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , CO , USA.,b Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine , University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , CO , USA
| | - Heather Bender
- a Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, School of Medicine , University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , CO , USA.,b Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine , University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , CO , USA
| | - Joaquín M Espinosa
- a Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, School of Medicine , University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , CO , USA.,b Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine , University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , CO , USA.,c Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology , University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder , CO , USA
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48
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Zhou C, Feng X, Yuan F, Ji J, Shi M, Yu Y, Zhu Z, Zhang J. Difference of molecular alterations in HER2-positive and HER2-negative gastric cancers by whole-genome sequencing analysis. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:3945-3954. [PMID: 30310315 PMCID: PMC6165778 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s172710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to compare the molecular profiling, including somatic mutation and somatic copy number variation (SCNV), between human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive (HER2+) and HER2-negative (HER2−) gastric cancer patients. Patients and methods Tumor samples were collected from 15 gastric cancer patients, including 10 HER2+ samples and five HER2− samples, which were diagnosed by immunohistochemistry. Whole-genome sequencing was performed by Illumina HiSeq PE150 instrument, along with somatic single nucleotide variant (SNV), somatic structural variation (SV) and SCNV analyses. Results The average number of somatic SNVs and mutation spectrum were similar between HER2+ and HER2− samples. Transition of C>T was the main type of mutation. For somatic SV, number of intrachromosomal translocation (2,850.3±1,260.4 vs 1,157±586.6, P=0.015) and insertion of large fragment (1,125.6±457.4 vs 500±138.9, P=0.002) in HER2+ samples were higher than those in HER2− samples. For all samples, lysine methyltransferase 2C (KMT2C), ZNF91, TAF1 and MAP4 genes were identified as new significant mutated driver genes. KMT2C gene mutations were mainly detected in HER2+ samples (7/10), which were correlated with the lysine degradation pathway. SERF2 gene mutations were more common in HER2− samples (3/5) than in HER2+ samples (1/10). Copy number gain was the major type of SCNV in both groups, and the average number of SCNVs was similar. In the HER2+ samples, by using the GISTIC algorithm, amplification of known driver genes cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12, 6/10) and RARA (5/10) was mainly observed, and other amplifications including JUP, GJD3, KRT39, CDC6, RAPGEFL1, WIPF2, FAM65C, KLF5, DACH1 and PIBF1 genes were also observed. Amplifications of solute carrier family 12 member 7 (SLC12A7, 5/5), TTC40 (4/5) and GALNT9 (4/5) genes were mainly detected in HER2− samples. Conclusion Differences in genomic landscape between HER2+ and HER2− gastric cancer samples were revealed in this study. KMT2C mutation and CDK12 amplification were mainly detected in HER2+ gastric cancer, whereas SERF2 mutation and SLC12A7 amplification were detected in HER2− gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfei Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xiaojing Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ji
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yingyan Yu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenggang Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, .,Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
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49
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Chohan TA, Qayyum A, Rehman K, Tariq M, Akash MSH. An insight into the emerging role of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of advanced cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:1326-1341. [PMID: 30257348 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer denotes a pathological manifestation that is characterized by hyperproliferation of cells. It has anticipated that a better understanding of disease pathogenesis and the role of cell-cycle regulators may provide an opportunity to develop an effective cancer therapeutic agents. Specifically, the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) which regulate the transition of cell-cycle through different phases; have been identified as fundamental targets for therapeutic advances. It is an evident from experimental studies that several events leading to tumor growth occur by exacerbation of CDK4/CDK6 in G1-phase of cell division cycle. Additionally, the characteristics of S- and G2/M-phase regulated by CDK1/CDK2 are pivotal events that may lead to abrupt the cell division. Although, previously reported CDK inhibitors have shown remarkable results in pre-clinical studies, but have not yielded appreciable clinical results yet. Therefore, the development of clinically potent CDK inhibitors has remained to be a challenging task. However, continuous efforts has led to the development of some novel CDKs inhibitors that have emerged as a potent strategy for the treatment of advanced cancers. In this article, we have summarized the role of CDKs in cell-cycle regulation and tumorigenesis and recent advances in the development of CDKs inhibitors as a promising therapy for the treatment of advanced cancer. In addition, we have also performed a comparison of crystallographic studies to get valuable insight into the interaction mode differences of inhibitors, binding to CDK isoforms with apparently similar binding sites. The knowledge of ligand-specific recognition towards a particular CDK isoform may be applied as a key tool in future for the designing of isoform-specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Ali Chohan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Qayyum
- Department of Paediatrics Medicine, Sabzazar Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Rehman
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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50
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Ito M, Tanaka T, Toita A, Uchiyama N, Kokubo H, Morishita N, Klein MG, Zou H, Murakami M, Kondo M, Sameshima T, Araki S, Endo S, Kawamoto T, Morin GB, Aparicio SA, Nakanishi A, Maezaki H, Imaeda Y. Discovery of 3-Benzyl-1-( trans-4-((5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)-1-arylurea Derivatives as Novel and Selective Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 12 (CDK12) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2018; 61:7710-7728. [PMID: 30067358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12) plays a key role in the coordination of transcription with elongation and mRNA processing. CDK12 mutations found in tumors and CDK12 inhibition sensitize cancer cells to DNA-damaging reagents and DNA-repair inhibitors. This suggests that CDK12 inhibitors are potential therapeutics for cancer that may cause synthetic lethality. Here, we report the discovery of 3-benzyl-1-( trans-4-((5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)-1-arylurea derivatives as novel and selective CDK12 inhibitors. Structure-activity relationship studies of a HTS hit, structure-based drug design, and conformation-oriented design using the Cambridge Structural Database afforded the optimized compound 2, which exhibited not only potent CDK12 (and CDK13) inhibitory activity and excellent selectivity but also good physicochemical properties. Furthermore, 2 inhibited the phosphorylation of Ser2 in the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II and induced growth inhibition in SK-BR-3 cells. Therefore, 2 represents an excellent chemical probe for functional studies of CDK12 and could be a promising lead compound for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ito
- Pharmaceutical Research Division , Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome , Fujisawa , Kanagawa 251-8555 , Japan
| | - Toshio Tanaka
- Pharmaceutical Research Division , Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome , Fujisawa , Kanagawa 251-8555 , Japan
| | - Akinori Toita
- Pharmaceutical Research Division , Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome , Fujisawa , Kanagawa 251-8555 , Japan
| | - Noriko Uchiyama
- Pharmaceutical Research Division , Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome , Fujisawa , Kanagawa 251-8555 , Japan
| | - Hironori Kokubo
- Pharmaceutical Research Division , Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome , Fujisawa , Kanagawa 251-8555 , Japan
| | - Nao Morishita
- Pharmaceutical Research Division , Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome , Fujisawa , Kanagawa 251-8555 , Japan
| | - Michael G Klein
- Department of Structural Biology , Takeda California Inc. , 10410 Science Center Drive , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Hua Zou
- Department of Structural Biology , Takeda California Inc. , 10410 Science Center Drive , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Morio Murakami
- Pharmaceutical Research Division , Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome , Fujisawa , Kanagawa 251-8555 , Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Kondo
- Pharmaceutical Research Division , Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome , Fujisawa , Kanagawa 251-8555 , Japan
| | - Tomoya Sameshima
- Pharmaceutical Research Division , Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome , Fujisawa , Kanagawa 251-8555 , Japan
| | - Shinsuke Araki
- Pharmaceutical Research Division , Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome , Fujisawa , Kanagawa 251-8555 , Japan
| | - Satoshi Endo
- Pharmaceutical Research Division , Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome , Fujisawa , Kanagawa 251-8555 , Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kawamoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Division , Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome , Fujisawa , Kanagawa 251-8555 , Japan
| | - Gregg B Morin
- Genome Sciences Centre , British Columbia Cancer Agency , 675 West 10th Avenue , Vancouver , British Columbia V5Z 1L3 , Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia V6H 3N1 , Canada
| | - Samuel A Aparicio
- Department of Molecular Oncology , British Columbia Cancer Agency , 675 West 10th Avenue , Vancouver , British Columbia V5Z 1L3 , Canada
| | - Atsushi Nakanishi
- Pharmaceutical Research Division , Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome , Fujisawa , Kanagawa 251-8555 , Japan
| | - Hironobu Maezaki
- Pharmaceutical Research Division , Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome , Fujisawa , Kanagawa 251-8555 , Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Imaeda
- Pharmaceutical Research Division , Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome , Fujisawa , Kanagawa 251-8555 , Japan
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