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Lv J, Jia Y, Yan C, Zhang X, Xu K, Xu J. Drug Use Behaviors and the Risk of HIV Infection Among Drug Users in China Between 2014 and 2021: Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e56958. [PMID: 39254571 DOI: 10.2196/56958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Drug users are a high-risk group for HIV infection and are prominent HIV carriers. Given the emergence of new drugs, we explored current drug-using behaviors, HIV infections, and the correlation between drug-using behaviors and HIV infection risk among drug users from 2014 to 2021. Objective We aimed to identify the prevalence of HIV infection risk among drug users and explore drug use behaviors based on the updated data, which could provide evidence for the precision of HIV prevention strategies among drug users. Methods Data were collected from sentinel surveillance of drug users in rehabilitation centers and communities in Hangzhou (2014-2021), including sociodemographic characteristics, HIV awareness, drug use, risky sexual behaviors, and HIV infection status. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the factors influencing HIV infection and risky sexual behaviors among drug users. Results In total, 5623 drug users (male: n=4734, 84.19%; age: mean 38.38, SD 9.94 years) were included. New drugs dominated among the participants (n=3674, 65.34%). The main mode of drug use was noninjection (n=4756, 84.58%). Overall, for 27.45% (n=1544) of injected drugs in the last month before the investigation, the average daily injection frequency was 3.10 (SD 8.24). Meanwhile, 3.43% of participants shared needles. The incidence of sexual behaviors after drug use was 33.13% (n=1863), with 35.75% (n=666) of them using a condom in the last time. Overall, 116 participants tested positive for HIV antibodies (infection rate=2.06%). New drug users exhibited more postuse sexual behaviors than traditional drug users (odds ratio [OR] 7.771, 95% CI 6.126-9.856; P<.001). HIV-aware drug users were more likely to engage in risky sexual behaviors (OR 1.624, 95% CI 1.152-2.291; P=.006). New-type drug users were more likely to engage in unprotected sexual behavior (OR 1.457, 95% CI 1.055-2.011; P=.02). Paradoxically, drug users with greater HIV awareness were more prone to engaging in unprotected sexual behavior (OR 5.820, 95% CI 4.650-7.284; P<.001). Women engaged less in unprotected sex than men (OR 0.356, 95% CI 0.190-0.665; P=.001). HIV rates were higher among injecting drug users (OR 2.692, 95% CI 0.995-7.287; P=.04) and lower among drug users who used condoms during recent sex than those who did not (OR 0.202, 95% CI 0.076-0.537; P=.001). Higher education levels were associated with higher HIV infection rates. However, there was no significant correlation between HIV cognition level and HIV infection. Conclusions New drug types and noninjection were the main patterns in last 7 years. Using new types of drugs, rather than traditional drugs, was associated with an increased risk of HIV infection. Injection drug use was a risk factor for HIV infection. HIV awareness among drug users was high, but the incidence of risky sexual behaviors remained high. Therefore, it is important to promote the behavioral transformation of high-risk populations from cognition to attitude, and then to taking protective measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Lv
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangfan Jia
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunhui Yan
- Linping Campus, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingliang Zhang
- Department of AIDS/STDs Control and Prevention, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of AIDS/STDs Control and Prevention, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junfang Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Kajaia M, Butsashvili M, DeHovitz JA, Kamkamidze G, Gulbiani L, Abzianidze T, DjibutiMD M. Prevalence and predictors of condom use among people who inject drugs in Georgia. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4521575. [PMID: 38978572 PMCID: PMC11230473 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4521575/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Background People who inject drugs (PWID) are more likely to engage in risky sexual behavior placing them at high risk of acquiring HIV and other STIs. This study aims to assess the prevalence and predictors of inconsistent condom use with casual and/or paid sexual partners among PWID in Georgia. Methods Integrated Bio-Behavioral Surveillance Survey was conducted among PWID in seven major cities of Georgia. Study design was cross-sectional with respondent-driven sampling (RDS) methodology. Data collection was carried out through individual face-to-face interviews. In this paper we analysed subsample of 619 PWID who reported having casual and/or paid sexual partners during last 12 months and described prevalence and predictors of consistent condom use. Results Consistent condom use during casual and/or paid sex in past 12 months was reported by 49.4% of respondents. The likelihood of consistent use with casual and/or paid sexual partners was statistically significantly associated with residence, family income, drug use frequency, drug dependance and HIV risk self-perceptions. In multivariate analysis independent predictors of always using condom at casual/paid sex during the last 12 months were place of residence (aOR = 6.4; 95% CI: 3.2-12.7), family income (aOR = 2.1; 95% CI:1.3-3.5) and drug use frequency (aOR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.4-0.9). Conclusion The study revealed low prevalence of consistent condom use with casual and/or paid sexual partners among PWID in Georgia. Integration of safe sex educational interventions in harm reduction services will improve the rates of condom use among PWID and should focus PWID with lower socio-economic status and residing outside capital city.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maia Kajaia
- Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
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Magalhães LS, dos Santos KC, Diniz e Silva BV, Filho GFS, Vaddiparti K, Gonzalez RIC, Pillon SC, Carneiro MADS, Caetano KAA, Cook RL, Teles SA. Alarming patterns of moderate and high-risk alcohol use among transgender women in Goiás, Central Brazil. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1333767. [PMID: 38420026 PMCID: PMC10899442 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1333767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Scant studies have examined alcohol consumption among transgender women in Latin America. This cross-sectional study estimated the prevalence and associated factors of risky alcohol use among transgender women in Goiás, a state located in the center of Brazil. Methods Participants were 440 transgender women (median age = 35 years, interquartile range = 9) recruited through respondent-driven sampling. All participants were interviewed about sociodemographic characteristics, violence, and risk behavior. Alcohol use was assessed using the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT). An AUDIT score greater than or equal to eight was considered as risky alcohol consumption. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine predictors of risky alcohol use, and p-values <0.05 were considered significant. Results The majority were young, single, sex workers. Most transgender women had used alcohol in the previous year (85.7%), and more than half (56.6%) reported binge drinking and risky alcohol consumption (60.2%). There was a high overlap between sexual behavior, drugs, and alcohol use. Using alcohol during sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.9; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.7-4.8), cocaine/crack use (aOR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.5-3.7) and having a drug user as a sexual partner (aOR: 2.9; 95% CI: 1.5-5.9) were independently associated with risky alcohol consumption. Conclusion Alcohol consumption was highly prevalent, and drugs seem to play an important role in risky alcohol consumption among transgender women Goiás. These findings support stakeholders to promote intervention strategies to reduce this pattern of alcohol consumption and reduce the burden of substance use disorders among transgender women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Krishna Vaddiparti
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Robert Lewis Cook
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Mostafa T, Alghobary M. Substance abuse and male sexual dysfunction: what lies beneath? Sex Med Rev 2023; 11:395-411. [PMID: 37085960 DOI: 10.1093/sxmrev/qead011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Substance abuse has become a worldwide health problem, leading to numerous consequences such as social problems among family members, abnormal behavior, adverse health effects, and psychological problems as well as economic consequences. OBJECTIVES We sought to assess the relationship between substance abuse and male sexual health. METHODS A search was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings), Science Direct, Scopus, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CINAHL, Academic Search Complete, and the Egyptian Knowledge Bank. The following keywords were used to assess the outcomes for relevant associations: illicit drugs, addiction, substance abuse, sexual health, erectile dysfunction, ejaculatory disorders, impotence, orgasm disorders, and sexual performance. RESULTS The initial literature search identified a total of 148 articles in all searched databases. After removal of duplicate studies and application of inclusion/exclusion criteria, 75 reported studies were retained for review, including 38 case-control studies and 37 cross-sectional studies. These articles were classified into the following categories according to the type of abused substance addressed: cannabis/marihuana, 16 articles; opioids, 13 articles; heroin, 11 articles; cocaine, 5 articles; tramadol, 6 articles; ketamine, 2 articles; ecstasy, 4 articles; amphetamine, 2 articles; khat, 7 articles; androgen anabolic steroids, 2 articles; and polydrugs, 7 articles. Most of these recruited articles demonstrated a negative impact of the addressed substance on male sexual health, with variable levels. CONCLUSION Substance abuse has negative impacts on male sexual health that should be addressed. More studies conducted with proper methodological and statistical approaches, including logistic regression analysis, are needed to predict the effects of specific substances, considering the rapidly growing effects of non-substance-use disorders on male sexual health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taymour Mostafa
- Department of Andrology, Sexology, & STIs, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Moheiddin Alghobary
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology & STIs, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Department of Clinical Science, Fakeeh College of Medical Sciences, Jeddah, KSA
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Rosati L, Chianese T, Mileo A, De Falco M, Capaldo A. Cocaine Effects on Reproductive Behavior and Fertility: An Overview. Vet Sci 2023; 10:484. [PMID: 37624271 PMCID: PMC10458869 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10080484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cocaine is one of the most widely used drugs that, due to its molecular properties, causes various behavioral alterations, including sexual behavior. In vivo and in vitro studies conducted mainly in mammals have shown various disorders of sexual activity and morpho-functional dysfunctions of the gonads in both sexes. Although the modalities are still unclear, cocaine has been shown to alter the cell cycle, induce apoptosis, and alter sperm motility. In females, this drug alters the formation of the meiotic spindle as well as may obstruct the ovulation mechanism of mature oocytes. The data provided in this review, in addition to reviewing the current literature on the main effects of cocaine on spermatogenesis and oogenesis mainly in mammals, will hopefully provide a basic overview that may help and support further future studies on the molecular interaction of cocaine and its metabolites with germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Rosati
- Department of Biology, University Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy; (T.C.); (A.M.); (M.D.F.); (A.C.)
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca “Ambiente” (CIRAM), University Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Chianese
- Department of Biology, University Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy; (T.C.); (A.M.); (M.D.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Aldo Mileo
- Department of Biology, University Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy; (T.C.); (A.M.); (M.D.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Maria De Falco
- Department of Biology, University Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy; (T.C.); (A.M.); (M.D.F.); (A.C.)
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Capaldo
- Department of Biology, University Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy; (T.C.); (A.M.); (M.D.F.); (A.C.)
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Feitosa SO, Noll M, Mendonça CR, Silveira EA, Esposito Sorpreso IC, Noll PRES. Prevalence of sexual abuse and its association with health-risk behaviors among Brazilian adolescents: A populational study. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2021; 122:105347. [PMID: 34634524 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Analysis of sexual abuse has usually been neglected in research at developing countries despite its everlasting consequences. This study examined the prevalence of sexual abuse among Brazilian adolescents according to data from the National School Health Survey (PeNSE) and analyzed it based on Brazilian regions, sociodemographic aspects, health information, and health-risk behaviors among Brazilian adolescents who reported having experienced sexual abuse previously. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The PeNSE data were utilized, and the sample included 102,072 students from all over Brazil, aged between 11 and 19 years. METHODS Data were collected by questionnaires and were analyzed by multivariate analysis using the Poisson regression model. RESULTS The results denoted a relation between sexual abuse, social determinants of health variables (i.e., black, indigenous, and mixed skin color/ethnicity; Brazilian region public school, age between 15 and 18 years, and low education level of the mother), and health-risk behaviors (i.e., early sexual intercourse, having multiple sexual partners, unprotected sexual intercourse, use of tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs). CONCLUSION Therefore, reports of sexual abuse are associated with risky behaviors. Given these findings, targeted interventions on sexual abuse are essential for the health of adolescents and the prevention of risky behaviors, and can also facilitate programs to prevent sexual abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matias Noll
- Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Ceres, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Brazil; Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | | | - Erika Aparecida Silveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Brazil
| | - Isabel Cristina Esposito Sorpreso
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Rayanne E Silva Noll
- Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Ceres, Brazil; Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
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Xu Y, Towe SL, Causey ST, Meade CS. Using mobile health technologies to test the association of cocaine use with sexual desire and risky sexual behaviors among people with and without HIV who use illicit stimulants. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 225:108744. [PMID: 34146909 PMCID: PMC8715517 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cocaine use is broadly associated with risky sexual behavior potentially through elevated sexual desire. Understanding the within-person effects of cocaine on sexual desire and risky sexual behavior and the modification of HIV infection may inform primary and secondary HIV interventions. METHODS We conducted a mobile health (mHealth) study in a community sample of males and females with (n = 28) and without (n = 32) HIV who use illicit stimulant drugs. Participants completed ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) and daily diaries over 28 days. Mixed effects models were employed to examine the within-person association of cocaine use with sexual desire and risky sexual behavior. RESULTS Participants completed 3505 EMA responses, with 36 % involving recent cocaine use, including powder and/or crack cocaine. They completed 1427 daily diary responses, with cocaine use reported on 49 % of these days and sexual behavior on 21 % of these days. Sexual desire was highest in the first hour since cocaine use and gradually decreased with time. Sexual desire was lowest when participants had not used any cocaine in the past 6 h, and it correlated positively with the amount of use. Participants were more likely to have risky sexual behavior on days they used cocaine. These associations were similar for participants with and without HIV. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the dynamic and proximal effects of cocaine use on sexual desire and risky sexual behavior. Our findings support the development of HIV prevention interventions that utilize mHealth technology to reduce sexual risk behavior among persons who use stimulant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunan Xu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Sheri L Towe
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shakiera T Causey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christina S Meade
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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Martinotti G, Merino Del Villar C, Garcia Cordoba A, Andrés Tubau L, Castro Sánchez I, Di Carlo F, Chiappini S, Pettorruso M, Schifano F, Di Giannantonio M. Club Drugs and Psychiatric Sequelae: An Issue of Vulnerability and Previous Psychiatric History. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18136944. [PMID: 34209645 PMCID: PMC8297170 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The pursuit of pleasure among clubbers and disco-goers often involves drug use. However, whether substance use may represent a relevant risk factor contributing to the development of psychiatric symptoms and of mental illness remains debated. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the percentage of subjects who developed long-lasting psychiatric symptoms in a sample of subjects reporting use of substances in nightclubs, and to evaluate the role of a previous psychiatric diagnosis in these subjects. Data were collected during three consecutive years in dedicated nursing units inside all the nightclubs of Ibiza, in emergency hospital rooms at the Can Misses Hospital and inside the psychiatric ward. A total of 10,163 subjects required medical assistance inside discos in the medical-nursing units, of which 223 required transfers to hospital emergency rooms. Of these, 110 required subsequent psychiatric hospitalization. Ninety-one (82.7%) of these patients had a positive psychiatric history, which was also found in thirty-one of the 113 subjects (27.4%) not requiring psychiatric hospitalization. Negative psychiatric history was negatively associated with hospitalization (Coefficient = −2.574; p = 0.000) and for subjects with a negative psychiatric history the odds to be hospitalized changed by a factor of 0.076. Gender, age, civil status and nationality were not significant predictors of hospitalization. Overall, the number of subjects who developed major psychiatric disorders appeared to be limited. However, the presence of a psychiatric history here played a crucial role. Club drugs are therefore able to induce psychiatric sequelae requiring hospitalization mainly in subjects who are already vulnerable from a psychopathological point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Martinotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, Clinical Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio, 66100 Chieti-Pescara, Italy; (F.D.C.); (S.C.); (M.P.); (M.D.G.)
- Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire AL10 9EU, UK;
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Andrés Garcia Cordoba
- Emergency Staff Group, Calle Pere Francés 43, 07800 Eivissa, Illes Balears, Spain; (A.G.C.); (L.A.T.); (I.C.S.)
| | - Lluís Andrés Tubau
- Emergency Staff Group, Calle Pere Francés 43, 07800 Eivissa, Illes Balears, Spain; (A.G.C.); (L.A.T.); (I.C.S.)
| | - Ivan Castro Sánchez
- Emergency Staff Group, Calle Pere Francés 43, 07800 Eivissa, Illes Balears, Spain; (A.G.C.); (L.A.T.); (I.C.S.)
- Plan Municipal Sobre Drogas, Ayuntamiento de Ibiza, Carrer de Canàries, 35-Edif. CETIS, 1r piso, 07800 Eivissa, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Francesco Di Carlo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, Clinical Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio, 66100 Chieti-Pescara, Italy; (F.D.C.); (S.C.); (M.P.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Stefania Chiappini
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, Clinical Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio, 66100 Chieti-Pescara, Italy; (F.D.C.); (S.C.); (M.P.); (M.D.G.)
- Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire AL10 9EU, UK;
| | - Mauro Pettorruso
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, Clinical Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio, 66100 Chieti-Pescara, Italy; (F.D.C.); (S.C.); (M.P.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Fabrizio Schifano
- Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire AL10 9EU, UK;
| | - Massimo Di Giannantonio
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, Clinical Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio, 66100 Chieti-Pescara, Italy; (F.D.C.); (S.C.); (M.P.); (M.D.G.)
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Martinotti G, Negri A, Schiavone S, Montemitro C, Vannini C, Baroni G, Pettorruso M, De Giorgio F, Giorgetti R, Verrastro V, Trabace L, Garcia A, Castro I, Iglesias Lopez J, Merino Del Villar C, Schifano F, di Giannantonio M. Club Drugs: Psychotropic Effects and Psychopathological Characteristics of a Sample of Inpatients. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:879. [PMID: 33110412 PMCID: PMC7488956 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence supports the possibility of significant psychiatric consequences related to novel and traditional psychoactive substance consumption. The problem of differential diagnosis has hampered research on specific psychopathologies with unclear outcomes. The aim of our study was to report psychiatric and clinical features of subjects admitted to a psychiatric ward in Ibiza, Spain, with a clinical diagnosis of substance abuse or intoxication. METHODS A survey was administered to a sample of inpatients hospitalized due to psychiatric symptoms related to recent use of psychoactive substances. The questionnaire investigated sociodemographic factors, familiar and personal anamnesis, substance use habits, general and psychopathological features. Urine samples were collected and analyzed in a toxicology laboratory using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. RESULTS A total of 110 patients were included in the study. Most patients (70%) declared multiple substance use, and 33% of patients reported more than two substances; nevertheless, it was possible to identify 17 (15%) depressor users, 44 (40%) stimulant users and 49 (45%) psychodysleptics users. A positive association with a lifetime diagnosis of bipolar disorder was found (two-tailed Fisher's exact test: p = 0.013). Psychomotor agitation, reference, and paranoid delusions, affective symptoms, consciousness disorders, and aggressiveness represented some of the most frequent symptoms at entry evaluation. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we described the acute psychiatric presentations related to recreational drug use in subjects on holiday in Ibiza. The use of psychoactive substances was characterized by poly-use of both traditional and novel substances, with several psychopathological consequences. Future research should focus on a better understanding of the psychopathological effects of specific substances, defining signs and symptoms to help make a differential diagnosis and prospectively examine long-term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Martinotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, Clinical Sciences, University G.d'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Clinical Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Attilio Negri
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Clinical Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom.,Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Schiavone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Chiara Montemitro
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, Clinical Sciences, University G.d'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Chiara Vannini
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, Clinical Sciences, University G.d'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gaia Baroni
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, Clinical Sciences, University G.d'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mauro Pettorruso
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, Clinical Sciences, University G.d'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Fabio De Giorgio
- Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Health Care Surveillance and Bioethics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Raffaele Giorgetti
- Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Excellence SBSP, University "Politecnica delle Marche" of Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Valeria Verrastro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Luigia Trabace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Fabrizio Schifano
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Clinical Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo di Giannantonio
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, Clinical Sciences, University G.d'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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