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Manoochehri Z, Rajati F, Rezaei M, Faradmal J. Factors influencing smoking cessation attempts and success in Iranian male adults: national survey data. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1654. [PMID: 38902662 PMCID: PMC11191190 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking cessation is a dynamic process that often involves a series of unsuccessful quit attempts before long-term abstinence is achieved. To implement interventions that lead to long-term abstinence, it will be necessary to understand the determinants of smoking cessation. Therefore, the main objective of the present study was to determine the effect of factors influencing both smoking cessation attempts and successful smoking cessation in the general population of Iran. METHODS The data of 1293 participants whose information was obtained through a national cross-sectional study entitled "Survey of Risk Factors of Noncommunicable Diseases in 2016" were analyzed. There were three response levels: "quit attempt and successful quit", "quit attempt and unsuccessful quit", and "no quit attempt and unsuccessful quit". A multinomial logistic regression model was used to assess the effect of covariates on response. RESULTS The mean (sd) age of all participants was 47.21 (13.65) years. According to the results, 883 people (68.29%) did not attempt to quit smoking, and of those who attempted to quit smoking, only 64 (15.61%) men were successful. The factors of living in an urban area (OR = 1.71) and past smoking intensity (OR = 1.967) were associated with no quit attempt and unsuccessful quitting. In addition, physician recommendation to quit smoking was a protective factor for no quit attempt and unsuccessful quit (OR = 0.599). Alcohol consumption was also a protective factor against successful quitting for both attempters (OR = 0.351) and nonattempters (OR = 0.359). CONCLUSIONS Tobacco control programs should be implemented with a greater focus on heavy smokers and alcohol users. In addition, the role of health professionals in encouraging smokers to quit smoking should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Manoochehri
- Department of Biostatistics, Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rajati
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health institute, Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maryam Rezaei
- Health System observatory secretariat national Institute for Health research(NIHR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TU MS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Faradmal
- Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Fahmideh Boulevard, Hamadan, Iran.
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Najafi F, Mohseni P, Niknam M, Pasdar Y, Izadi N. Dietary amino acid profile and risk of hypertension: findings from the Ravansar cohort study. BMC Nutr 2024; 10:68. [PMID: 38698490 PMCID: PMC11067075 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-024-00878-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertension (HTN) is a significant global health concern associated with morbidity and mortality. Recent research has explored the potential relationship between dietary protein intake and the development of HTN. This study aims to investigate the association between dietary amino acids and the incidence of HTN. METHODS This nested case-control study utilized data from the Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) Cohort Study. The study included 491 new HTN cases identified over a 6-year follow-up period. For each case, four controls were randomly selected through density sampling. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) consisting of 125 food items was used to calculate dietary amino acid intake. HTN was determined based on systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg and/or current use of antihypertensive medication in subjects without pre-existing HTN at the start of the cohort study. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios for HTN risk. RESULTS The median intake of all amino acids was lower in patients with HTN compared to the control group. After adjusting for various variables in different models, the risk of developing HTN tended to increase with higher dietary amino acid intake (excluding tryptophan and acidic amino acids). Specifically, individuals in the third tertile had a higher risk of developing new HTN than those individuals in the lowest tertile, although this difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The findings suggest that there may be an association between increased dietary amino acid intake and the risk of developing HTN, although this association was not statistically significant in this study. Further investigations in diverse populations are needed to explore the relationship between amino acids and HTN, as well as to determine the potential positive and negative effects of specific amino acid patterns on hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Najafi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Parisa Mohseni
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Grash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Niknam
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yahya Pasdar
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Nutritional Science Department, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Neda Izadi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Nayebirad S, Javinani A, Javadi M, Yousefi-Koma H, Farahmand K, Atef Yekta R, Tamartash Z, Mohammadzadegan AM, Salehi S, Kavosi H. The effect of smoking on response to methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Mod Rheumatol 2023; 34:68-78. [PMID: 36688574 DOI: 10.1093/mr/road013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the current study, we aimed to investigate the effect of smoking on inadequate response to methotrexate (MTX-IR) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science until 6 June 2022. Observational or interventional studies investigating MTX-IR in RA patients based on smoking status were included. Two independent reviewers assessed the risk of bias and the certainty of the evidence using the Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies-of Interventions and Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation tools, respectively. RESULTS We included 23 studies in the systematic review and 13 in the meta-analysis. Of the 13 included studies, 6 had a moderate risk, 3 had a serious risk, and 4 had a critical risk of bias. The overall random-effect meta-analysis suggested that smokers were 58% more likely to be MTX-IR when compared with nonsmokers [odds ratio (OR) 1.58, 95% confidence interval 1.21-2.06; P = .001; I2 = 69.3%]. The common-effect meta-analysis of the adjusted ORs demonstrated an overall OR of 2.69 (1.88-3.83; P < .001; I2 = 27.1%). CONCLUSIONS The current study showed that smoking is a significant predictor of MTX-IR, especially in disease-modifying antirheumatic drug-naïve early RA patients, as most of the included studies in the meta-analysis consisted of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepehr Nayebirad
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Kargar Avenue, PO-Box: 1411713137, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Javinani
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Kargar Avenue, PO-Box: 1411713137, Tehran, Iran
| | - Minoo Javadi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Kargar Avenue, PO-Box: 1411713137, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Kimia Farahmand
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Kargar Avenue, PO-Box: 1411713137, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Atef Yekta
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Tamartash
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Kargar Avenue, PO-Box: 1411713137, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Samira Salehi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Kargar Avenue, PO-Box: 1411713137, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoda Kavosi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Kargar Avenue, PO-Box: 1411713137, Tehran, Iran
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Paul B, Jean Simon D, Kondo Tokpovi VC, Kiragu A, Balthazard-Accou K, Emmanuel E. Tobacco use in Haiti: findings from demographic and health survey. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2504. [PMID: 38097954 PMCID: PMC10720190 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17409-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although tobacco has harmful effects on the physical and mental health of individuals, its use remains significant, according to the World Health Organization. To understand this phenomenon, studies have been carried out in many countries around the world, while in Haiti where more than 5,000 people die each year due to tobacco use, little is known about the use of this substance. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and the factors associated with tobacco use in Haiti. METHODS We used data from the 2016/17 Haitian Demographic Health Survey. Both descriptive and multivariate analyses were conducted using STATA 16.0 software to assess the prevalence and identify factors associated with tobacco use. Results were reported as adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Statistical significance was declared at p < 0.05. RESULTS The prevalence of tobacco use was estimated at 9.8% (95% CI: 9.2-10.4) among men and 1.7% (95% CI: 1.5-1.9) among women. Although the prevalence of tobacco use was low among young people, it increased with age. Respondents aged 35 and above, with no formal education, non-Christians, divorced/separated/widowed, from poorest households, rural areas, "Aire Métropolitaine de Port-au-Prince" region, with high media exposure had a higher likelihood of tobacco use. CONCLUSION The low prevalence of tobacco use among Haitian women and youth represents a public policy opportunity to prevent these vulnerable groups from starting smoking. Adult male smokers should also be targeted by appropriate policy to reduce the different health burdens associated with tobacco, both for the smokers and other people they may expose to passive smoking. Government and health sector stakeholders, along with community leaders, should create and enforce awareness strategies and rules to control advertisements that encourage irresponsible and health-risky consumption behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédique Paul
- Department of Agro-socio-economics, Chibas, Université Quisqueya, Port-au-Prince, Haiti.
- Groupe d'Etude sur les Sciences de la Durabilité, Université Quisqueya, Port-au-Prince, Haiti.
| | - David Jean Simon
- Bureau d'Etudes et de Recherche en Statistiques Appliquées, Suivi et Evaluation (BERSA-SE), Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | | | - Ann Kiragu
- Department of Law and Political and Social Sciences, University of Sorbonne Paris Nord, Paris, France
| | - Ketty Balthazard-Accou
- Groupe d'Etude sur les Sciences de la Durabilité, Université Quisqueya, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
- Espace universitaire One Health, Université Quisqueya, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Evens Emmanuel
- Espace universitaire One Health, Université Quisqueya, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
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Najafi F, Mohseni P, Pasdar Y, Niknam M, Izadi N. The association between dietary amino acid profile and the risk of type 2 diabetes: Ravansar non-communicable disease cohort study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2284. [PMID: 37980456 PMCID: PMC10657569 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the most common chronic diseases and the main risk factors for T2D consist of a combination of lifestyle, unhealthy diet, and genetic factors. Amino acids are considered to be a major component of dietary sources for many of the associations between dietary protein and chronic disease. Therefore, this study amied to determine the association between dietary amino acid intakes and the incidence of T2D. METHODS The present nested case-control study was conducted using data from the Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) Cohort Study. The information required for this study was collected from individuals who participated in the Adult Cohort Study from the start of the study until September 2023. Over a 6-year follow-up period, data from 113 new T2D cases were available. Four controls were then randomly selected for each case using density sampling. Cases and controls were matched for sex and age at the interview. Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to collect data related to all amino acids including tryptophan, threonine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, cysteine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, valine, arginine, histidine, alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, proline, and serine were also extracted. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate the crude and adjusted odds ratio for the risk of T2D. RESULTS Using the univariable model, a significant association was found between T2D risk and branched-chain, alkaline, sulfuric, and essential amino acids in the fourth quartile. Accordingly, individuals in the fourth quartile had a 1.81- to 1.87-fold higher risk of developing new T2D than individuals in the lowest quartile (P<0.05). After adjustment for several variables, the risk of developing a new T2D was 2.70 (95% CI: 1.16-6.31), 2.68 (95% CI: 1.16-6.21), 2.98 (95% CI: 1.27-6.96), 2.45 (95% CI: 1.02-5.90), and 2.66 (95% CI: 1.13-6.25) times higher, for individuals in the fourth quartile of branched-chain, alkaline, sulfuric, alcoholic, and essential amino acids compared with those in the lowest quartile, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that the risk of developing a new T2D was higher for individuals in the fourth quartile of branched-chain amino acids, alkaline, sulfate, and essential amino acids than in the lower quartile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Najafi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Parisa Mohseni
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yahya Pasdar
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Niknam
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Izadi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Hashim MAB, Ismail IHB, Md Sabri BAB. "We're tough, but so is quitting." Barriers to Smoking Cessation: The Royal Malaysian Navy Perspective. Mil Med 2023; 188:e3386-e3392. [PMID: 37525946 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usad268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco kills half of its users. Despite this, there are over 1.1 billion smokers worldwide. Its harmful effects impair performance and readiness. Unfortunately, smoking has deeply ingrained in the military culture, as evidenced by the high prevalence. Hence, this study aims to identify the barriers to smoking cessation among this population. METHODS A study involving two groups of current smokers (commissioned officers and non-commissioned officers) was conducted using the modified nominal group technique (mNGT), a qualitative research method of judgmental decision-making involving four phases: Generating ideas, recording, evaluation, and prioritization. The mNGT was used to solicit respondents' barriers to smoking cessation. RESULTS The mNGT yielded seven main barriers to smoking cessation: (1) Addiction, (2) difficulty in staying focused without the usage of cigarettes, (3) smoking has been incorporated into an individual's lifestyle, (4) environmental influence, (5) coping mechanism, (6) the long-interval period between orders and duties exacerbates the desire to smoke, and (7) smoking has evolved into a permanent habit. Although nicotine addiction and habit were ranked as the most important barriers, the military working environment and nature of the job exposed them physically and mentally to unfavorable situations, complicating the quitting attempt. Furthermore, the acceptance of smoking in military culture leads to a positive smoker identity, further hindering cessation. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that in addition to barriers affecting the general population, military-specific barriers related to the nature of the job exist, complicating cessation. Hence, any intervention program should address these barriers to achieve positive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad Arham Bin Hashim
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47000, Malaysia
- The Malaysian Armed Forces, Malaysia
| | - Ikmal Hisham Bin Ismail
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47000, Malaysia
| | - Budi Aslinie Binti Md Sabri
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47000, Malaysia
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Shakiba E, Moradinazar M, Rahimi Z, Najafi F, Pasdar Y, Kohsari M. Tobacco smoking and blood parameters in the kurdish population of Iran. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:401. [PMID: 37580672 PMCID: PMC10426089 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03433-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigates the relationship between smoking and blood parameters in the Iranian Kurdish population. METHOD The current study was conducted based on the recruitment phase of the Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) cohort study. RESULTS Current smokers had higher levels of RBC count, HCT, HGB, MCV, MCH, MCHC, WBC count, and GR%, than in other groups significantly. Passive smokers had higher levels of PLT count and PCT statistically. The increasing exposure time of smoking positively affected WBC count, GR%, PLT count, PCT, and RDW in female passive smokers. In addition, heavy smokers, as well as participants with a higher duration time of smoking, had the same results for significantly lower levels of lymphocyte and monocyte and a higher level of RBC indices. CONCLUSION According to the present study, along with the current smokers, the intensity of smoking, as well as the duration time of the smoke, could have a positive correlation with blood parameters. Furthermore, passive smokers and specifically secondhand female smokers were more vulnerable to smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Shakiba
- Behavioral disease Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mehdi Moradinazar
- Behavioral disease Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zohreh Rahimi
- Behavioral disease Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farid Najafi
- Behavioral disease Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Yahya Pasdar
- Behavioral disease Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maryam Kohsari
- Behavioral disease Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Mzhavanadze G, Yanin D. The Potential Impact of E-cigarettes on the Life-Years Lost from Conventional Smoking in the Russian Federation. JOURNAL OF CONSUMER POLICY 2023; 46:253-274. [PMID: 37274086 PMCID: PMC10159831 DOI: 10.1007/s10603-023-09540-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study analyses the potential impact of e-cigarettes on the death toll of cigarette smoking in the Russian Federation by working under a variety of assumptions pertaining to how much vaping might affect smoking cessation and initiation, and its adverse impacts on health in comparison to conventional smoking. Within this study, each combination of these assumptions generates a single vaping scenario (210 in total). A dynamic population simulation model, specifically for the Russian Federation, that is tailoured to tobacco control policy analysis, is built for estimation purposes. Considering the toll of smoking on cumulative life-years saved via the inclusion of vaping across a period of 80 years, the simulation analysis produces positive results in 88.1% of e-cigarette scenarios, ranging from - 3.3 million to 38.5 million life-years saved. In relative terms, the estimated life-years saved from vaping varies from - 1.6 to 18.6% of the predicted life-years lost from smoking. Most of the model scenarios involve a significant number of individuals who stopped smoking in favour of vaping. These results suggest that vaping has great potential to reduce the prevalence of smoking and the related death toll in the Russian Federation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10603-023-09540-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Mzhavanadze
- Healthy Initiatives, Machavariani 63, 0159 Tbilisi, Georgia
- TSU: Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - D. Yanin
- Healthy Initiatives, Rustaveli 36, Kyiv, 01033 Ukraine
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Evans DS, O'Farrell A, Sheridan A, Kavanagh P. Social Connectedness and Smoking among Adolescents in Ireland: An Analysis of the Health Behaviour in Schoolchildren Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20095667. [PMID: 37174186 PMCID: PMC10178360 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20095667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Continuing progress with preventing smoking initiation is a key to the tobacco endgame. Home- and school-based social networks shape the health behaviour of children and adolescents. This study described the relationship between social connectedness and smoking behaviour in school-aged children in Ireland. The 2014 Irish Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) surveyed self-reported smoking status and measured perceptions of social connectedness and support with validated and reliable questions across a random stratified sample of 9623 schoolchildren (aged 10-19). Overall, 8% of school-aged children reported smoking, in the last 30 days 52% reported smoking daily, and prevalence increased with age (p < 0.001). Compared with schoolchildren who did not smoke, perceptions of social connectedness and perceptions of support at home, from peers, and at school were significantly poorer for schoolchildren who smoked across all measures examined (p < 0.001). The poorest rated measures were for school connectedness and teacher support for smokers. Policies and practices that build and support positive environments for schoolchildren must continue to be prioritised if progress on preventing smoking initiation is to be sustained.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Evans
- National Social Inclusion Office, Health Service Executive, D20 KH63 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne O'Farrell
- Health Intelligence Unit, Health Service Executive, D20 DV79 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aishling Sheridan
- Tobacco Free Ireland Programme, Health Service Executive, DO1 W596 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul Kavanagh
- Tobacco Free Ireland Programme, Health Service Executive, DO1 W596 Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Population Health, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
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Shafiee A, Oraii A, Jalali A, Alaeddini F, Saadat S, Masoudkabir F, Tajdini M, Ashraf H, Omidi N, Heidari A, Shamloo AS, Sadeghian S, Boroumand M, Vasheghani-Farahani A, Karimi A, Franco OH. Epidemiology and prevalence of tobacco use in Tehran; a report from the recruitment phase of Tehran cohort study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:740. [PMID: 37085856 PMCID: PMC10122292 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15629-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco use is a major health concern worldwide, especially in low/middle-income countries. We aimed to assess the prevalence of cigarette smoking, waterpipe, and pipe use in Tehran, Iran. METHODS We used data from 8272 participants of the Tehran Cohort Study recruitment phase. Tobacco use was defined as a positive answer to using cigarettes, waterpipes, or pipes. Participants who did not report tobacco use during the interview but had a previous smoking history were categorized as former users. Age- and sex-weighted prevalence rates were calculated based on the national census data, and characteristics of current and former tobacco users were analyzed. RESULTS Age- and sex-weighted prevalence of current tobacco users, cigarette smokers, waterpipe, and pipe users in Tehran was 19.8%, 14.9%, 6.1%, and 0.5%, respectively. Current tobacco use was higher in younger individuals (35-45 years: 23.4% vs. ≥ 75 years: 10.4%, P < 0.001) and men compared to women (32.9% vs. 7.7% P < 0.001). The prevalence of tobacco use increased with more years of education (> 12 years: 19.3% vs. illiterate: 9.7%, P < 0.001), lower body mass index (< 20 kg/m2: 31.3% vs. ≥ 35 kg/m2: 13.8%, P < 0.001), higher physical activity (high: 23.0% vs. low: 16.4%, P < 0.001), opium (user: 66.6% vs. non-user: 16.5%, P < 0.001), and alcohol use (drinker: 57.5% vs. non-drinker: 15.4%, P < 0.001). Waterpipe users were younger (46.1 vs. 53.2 years) and had a narrower gender gap in prevalence than cigarette smokers (male/female ratio in waterpipe users: 2.39 vs. cigarette smokers: 5.47). Opium (OR = 5.557, P < 0.001) and alcohol consumption (OR = 4.737, P < 0.001) were strongly associated with tobacco use. Hypertension was negatively associated with tobacco use (OR = 0.774, P = 0.005). CONCLUSION The concerning prevalence of tobacco use in Tehran and its large gender gap for cigarette and waterpipe use warrant tailored preventive policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Shafiee
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Oraii
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Jalali
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farshid Alaeddini
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheil Saadat
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Farzad Masoudkabir
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masih Tajdini
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haleh Ashraf
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Omidi
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Heidari
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Sepehri Shamloo
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Saeed Sadeghian
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamamdali Boroumand
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Vasheghani-Farahani
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbasali Karimi
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Ogbuabor DC, Ogbuabor AO, Igwe MC. Determinants of cigarette smoking and smoking frequency among women of reproductive age in Nigeria: evidence from a nationwide cross-sectional survey. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2023; 18:20. [PMID: 37020223 PMCID: PMC10077715 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-023-00530-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is a leading cause of avoidable deaths and attributable disability-adjusted life years globally. Yet, the determinants of smoking practices among women are understudied. This study assessed the determinants of smoking and smoking frequency among women of reproductive age in Nigeria. METHODS AND MATERIALS Data from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) were used in this study (n = 41,821). The data were adjusted for sampling weight, stratification, and cluster sampling design. The outcome variables were smoking status and smoking frequency (daily smoking and occasional smoking). The predictor variables included women's socio-demographic and household characteristics. Pearson's chi-squared test was used to evaluate the association between outcome and predictor variables. All variables significant in bivariate analyses were further analysed using complex sample logistics regression. Statistical significance was set at a p-value < 0.05. RESULTS The prevalence of smoking among women of reproductive age is 0.3%. The prevalence of smoking frequency is 0.1% (daily) and 0.2% (occasionally). Overall, women aged 25-34 (AOR = 2.13, 95%CI: 1.06-4.29, ρ = 0.034), residing in the South-south region (AOR = 9.45, 95%CI: 2.04-43.72, ρ <0.001), being formerly married (AOR = 3.75, 95%CI: 1.52-9.21, ρ = 0.004), in female-headed households (AOR = 2.56, 95%CI: 1.29-5.08, ρ = 0.007) and owning mobile phones (AOR = 2.10, 95%CI: 1.13-3.90, ρ = 0.020) were more likely to smoke. Whereas female-headed households (AOR = 4.34, 95%CI: 1.37-13.77, ρ = 0.013) and being formerly married (AOR = 6.37, 95%CI: 1.67-24.24, ρ = 0.007) predisposed to daily smoking, age 15-24 (AOR = 0.11, 95%CI: 0.02-0.64, ρ = 0.014) was protective of daily smoking among women. Owning mobile phones (AOR = 2.43, 95%CI: 1.17-5.06, ρ = 0.018) increased the odds of occasional smoking among women. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence rates of smoking and smoking frequency are low among women of reproductive age in Nigeria. Women-centred approaches to tobacco prevention and cessation must become evidence-informed by incorporating these determinants into interventions targeting women of reproductive age in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Chukwuemeka Ogbuabor
- Department of Health Administration and Management, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria.
- Department of Health Systems and Policy, Sustainable Impact Resource Agency, Enugu, Nigeria.
| | - Alphonsus Ogbonna Ogbuabor
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Matthew Chibunna Igwe
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria
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12
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Abdollahi SZ, Mahmoodabad SSM, Lotfi MH, Ardakani SMY. Development and validation of a questionnaire based on the protection motivation theory to predict cigarette smoking preventive behavior in the Iranian university students. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2023; 12:12. [PMID: 37034859 PMCID: PMC10079177 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1566_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevention of smoking is very important at a young age and during the student period. Because of the lack of a questionnaire based on the prevention of smoking behavior, this study was conducted to design and standardize a tool according to the protection motivation theory (PMT). MATERIALS AND METHODS This was an analytical cross-sectional study where information and opinions of experts and then designing tools and assessing the face validity in the first phase and content validity, construct validity, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency of questions in the second phase were examined. The initial themes and structures were determined based on the literature Review and the opinion of experts. Three hundred students of Yazd Universities were selected by cluster sampling and included in the study. All analyses were performed in SPSS and AMOS software version 24 with a significance level of less than 5%. RESULTS The final version of the scale had 39 questions in eight dimensions. The overall Cronbach's alpha value was 0.89, and for each dimension, it was more than 0.7. The content validity ratio and content validity index for the whole tool were 0.87 and 0.94, respectively. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the latent construct model had good fit (X2/df = 4.31; RMSEA = 0.07; CFI = 0.94; NFI = 0.92; TLI = 0.91, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION In this study, a valid and reliable tool based on PMT to predict smoking behavior in students was introduced. This tool can be used in interventional and etiological studies. It also has questions related to the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid 19) virus and can be used in the coronavirus pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salime Zare Abdollahi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Iran
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13
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Shokri Varniab Z, Sharifnejad Tehrani Y, Pourabhari Langroudi A, Azadnajafabad S, Rezaei N, Rashidi M, Esfahani Z, Malekpour M, Ghasemi E, Ghamari A, Dilmaghani‐Marand A, Mohammadi Fateh S, Namazi Shabestari A, Larijani B, Farzadfar F. Estimates of incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years of lung cancer in Iran, 1990-2019: A systematic analysis from the global burden of disease study 2019. Cancer Med 2022; 11:4624-4640. [PMID: 35698451 PMCID: PMC9741968 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is one of the leading cancers, with a high burden worldwide. As a developing country, Iran is facing with population growth, widespread tobacco use, demographic and epidemiologic changes, and environmental exposures, which lead to cancers becoming a severe concern of public health in Iran. We aimed to examine the burden of lung cancer and its risk factors in Iran. METHODS We utilized the Global Burden of Disease 2019 data and analyzed the total burden of the lung cancer and seven related risk factors by sex, age at national and sub-national levels from 1990 to 2019. RESULTS The lung cancer age-standardized death rate increased from 11.8 (95% Uncertainty Interval: 9.7-14.4) to 12.9 (11.9-13.9) per 100,000 between 1990 and 2019. This increase was among women from 5 (4.2-7.1) to 8 (7.2-8.8) per 100,000; in contrast, there was a decline among men from 18.5 (14.8-22.6) to 17.8 (16.2-19.4) per 100,000. The burden of lung cancer is concentrated in the advanced age groups. Smoking with 53.5% of total attributable deaths (51.0%-55.9%) was the leading risk factor. At the provincial level, there was a wide range between the lowest and highest, from 8.3 (7.0-10.0) to 19.1 (16.4-22.0) per 100,000 population in the incidence rate and from 8.7 (7.3-10.3) to 20.6 (17.7-24.0) per 100,000 population in mortality rate, respectively in Tehran and West Azerbaijan provinces in 2019. CONCLUSION The increasing trend of lung cancer burden among the entire Iranian population, the inter-provincial disparities, and the significant rise in burden of this cancer in women necessitate the urgent implementation and development of policies to prevent and manage lung cancer burden and strategies to reduce exposure to risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Shokri Varniab
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Yeganeh Sharifnejad Tehrani
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Ashkan Pourabhari Langroudi
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Sina Azadnajafabad
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Negar Rezaei
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mohammad‐Mahdi Rashidi
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Zahra Esfahani
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mohammad‐Reza Malekpour
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Erfan Ghasemi
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Azin Ghamari
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Arezou Dilmaghani‐Marand
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Sahar Mohammadi Fateh
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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