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Wang K, Xia Z, Yu R, Zhang W, Wang Z, Zhu M, Li R, Hu Z, Chen Z, Xu K, Mu C. Novel Hydrogel Adjuvant of Chinese Medicine External Preparations for Accelerated Healing of Deep Soft Tissue Injuries. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:4425-4436. [PMID: 38597148 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine external prescriptions have displayed excellent clinical effects for treating deep soft tissue injuries. However, the effects cannot be fully utilized due to the limitations of their dosage forms and usage methods. It is still a challenge to develop a satisfactory adjuvant of traditional Chinese medicine external prescriptions. Herein, a hydrogel adjuvant was prepared based on gallic acid coupled ε-poly-l-lysine and partially oxidized hyaluronic acid. The resulting adjuvant shows great physicochemical properties, low hemolysis rate (still much less than 5% at 5 mg/mL), excellent antibacterial ability (about 95% at 2 mg/mL), strong antioxidant ability (1.687 ± 0.085 mmol FeSO4/(g hydrogel) at 1 mg/mL), as well as outstanding biocompatibility. A clinically used Chinese medicine external preparation was selected as an example to investigate the effectiveness of the adjuvant in treating deep soft tissue injuries. The results show that the prescription can be evenly dispersed in the adjuvant. Moreover, the introduction of the prescription has not significantly changed these advanced properties of the adjuvant. Importantly, the hydrogel adjuvant significantly improves the effectiveness of the prescription in treating deep soft tissue injuries. This work offers an alternative approach to the development of a new-type adjuvant of Chinese medicine external preparations and also provides a new strategy for the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and hydrogel to treat clinical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Zuyan Xia
- The First Clinical Medical School of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Rui Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Wendi Zhang
- College of Acumox and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Zijian Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Minshun Zhu
- The First Clinical Medical School of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Renzhong Li
- The First Clinical Medical School of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Zhimu Hu
- The First Clinical Medical School of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Zhaohui Chen
- College of Acumox and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Kui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, Anhui, P. R. China
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Caiyun Mu
- College of Acumox and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, P. R. China
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Man S, Ma W, Jiang H, Haider A, Shi S, Li X, Wu Z, Song Y. Evaluating the efficacy and mechanisms of Hua-Zhuo-Ning-Fu-Decoction on psoriasis using integrated bioinformatics analysis and metabolomics. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 325:117856. [PMID: 38316220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hua Zhuo Ning Fu Decoction (HZD) is an empirical prescription from traditional Chinese medicine that shows excellent clinical results for psoriasis patients. Uncertainty lingered over HZD's potential anti-psoriasis mechanisms. AIM OF THE STUDY The study's objective is to investigate the pharmacological processes and therapeutic effects of HZD on psoriasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the initial phase of the study, an investigation was conducted to assess the effects of HZD on psoriasis-afflicted mice using an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced murine model. The experimental mice were randomly allocated to different groups, including the IMQ-induced model group, the control group, the HZD therapy groups with varying dosage levels (low, medium, and high), and Dexamethasone (DEX, the positive control medicine) group. Bioinformatics analysis and molecular docking were subsequently employed to identify the primary components and molecular targets associated with the therapeutic action of HZD in the context of psoriasis. Additionally, to find the impacts on metabolite regulation, plasma metabolomics based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) was used. It's interesting to note that the combined mechanisms from metabolomics were examined in tandem with the targets. In vivo tests were the last step in validating the potential mechanism. Throughout the trial, the following data were recorded: body weight, psoriasis area and severity index (PASI). The molecular targets connected to HZD's anti-psoriasis activities were revealed using histological examination, western blot (WB), and ELISA investigation. RESULTS In mice induced with IMQ, HZD shown good anti-psoriasis effects in terms of PASI score and epidermal acanthosis. 95 HZD targets and 77 bioactive chemicals connected to psoriasis were found by bioinformatics research; of these, 7 key targets (EPHX2, PLA2G2A, TBXAS1, MAOA, ALDH1A3, ADH1A, and ADH1B) were linked to the mechanisms of HZD, the combination degree of which was finally expressed by the score of docking. In addition, HZD regulated nine metabolites. In line with this, HZD modified three metabolic pathways. Additionally, a combined examination of 7 key targets and 9 metabolites suggested that the metabolism of arachidonic acid might be the key metabolic route, which was identified by ELISA analysis. The in vivo investigation shown that HZD could control cytokines associated to inflammation (IL-10, TGF-β, IL-17A, and IL-23), as well as important antioxidant system markers (ROS, GSH, and MDA). Moreover, HZD controlled iron levels and the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins (ACSL4 and GPX4), suggesting that ferroptosis played a crucial role in this process. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated the whole mechanism and anti-psoriasis effectiveness of HZD, which will promote its clinical application and aid in the investigation of new bioactive components of HZD against psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Man
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China; Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Wenke Ma
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Pharmacy School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Ali Haider
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Gujrat Campus, 50700, Pakistan
| | - Shasha Shi
- Pharmacy School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Zhuzhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Yongmei Song
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China; Institute for Literature and Culture of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
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Abstract
Major advances in scientific discovery and insights that stem from the development and use of new techniques and models can bring remarkable progress to conventional toxicology. Although animal testing is still considered as the "gold standard" in traditional toxicity testing, there is a necessity for shift from animal testing to alternative methods regarding the drug safety testing owing to the emerging state-of-art techniques and the proposal of 3Rs (replace, reduce, and refine) towards animal welfare. This review describes some recent research methods in drug discovery toxicology, including in vitro cell and organ-on-a-chip, imaging systems, model organisms (C. elegans, Danio rerio, and Drosophila melanogaster), and toxicogenomics in modern toxicology testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Tang
- PTC Therapeutics Inc, South Plainfield, NJ, USA
| | - Vijay More
- PTC Therapeutics Inc, South Plainfield, NJ, USA
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Wang J, Jia Z, Pan W, Hu J. Crotonis Fructus-induced gut microbiota and serum metabolic disorders in rats. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:6949-6962. [PMID: 37713114 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12763-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Crotonis Fructus (CF), a poisonous traditional laxative, has been used to treat constipation, edema, ascites, and inflammation for more than 2000 years. However, CF possesses toxicity and its toxic mechanism is still unclear. Thus, this research explored the deleterious impacts and underlying mechanisms of CF by evaluating alterations in gut microbiota composition and metabolites. High-throughput sequencing was employed on the 16S rDNA gene to explore the intestinal flora. The untargeted metabolomics method was utilized for evaluating serum metabolomics analysis. The results showed that CF could induce obvious hepatic and gastrointestinal damage by histopathologic morphology of the liver, stomach, duodenum, and colon. According to 16S rDNA sequencing, CF can cause gut microbiota disturbance in rats, and the abundance of opportunistic pathogens such as Clostridia_UCG_014_unclassified increased significantly, while the levels of beneficial bacterial Lactobacillus remarkably declined after CF treatment. Additionally, metabolomics analysis demonstrated that CF may induce toxicity by disrupting the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway and metabolites such as phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Moreover, a correlation study revealed the link between intestinal flora, serum metabolites, and toxicity-related biochemical markers. The results provide a new idea for the research and clinical application of toxic traditional medicine. KEY POINTS: • Crotonis Fructus could affect the gut flora and serum metabolic disruption in SD rats. • Crotonis Fructus could promote the proliferation of harmful bacteria and inhibit beneficial bacteria. • Glycerophospholipid metabolism was disturbed by Crotonis Fructus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Zefei Jia
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Wen Pan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jing Hu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditonal Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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Dong Y, Cai D, Liu C, Zhao S, Wang L. Combined cytotoxicity of phthalate esters on HepG2 cells: A comprehensive analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 180:114034. [PMID: 37703926 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs), widely used as plasticizers, may pose a potential environmental and human hazard. The aim of this study was to compare the cytotoxicity of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalates (DEHP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP)) after their exposure to HepG2 cells alone or in combination. HepG2 cells treated with individual/combined DEHP and DBP at a dose of 10-2 M for 24 h were selected for metabolome and transcriptome analysis. The results demonstrated that exposure to the mixtures of DEHP and DBP caused enhanced or reduced toxic effects regarding 8 pathways with 1065 downregulated genes and 643 upregulated genes, in comparison with those of single chemicals. The combined toxicity of mixture revealed both synergistic and antagonistic interactions between DEHP and DBP. Besides, combined exposure to DEHP and DBP promoted TCA cycle, pyrimidine, and purine metabolism, while an antagonistic effect on fatty acid derangement should require further investigation. To summarize, our results suggest that DEHP exposed alone or combined with DBP caused a variety of metabolic disorders, and the type of combination effects varied among metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Dong
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products of the Ministry of Agriculture (Jinan), Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Da Cai
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products of the Ministry of Agriculture (Jinan), Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 202 Gongye North Road, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Shancang Zhao
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products of the Ministry of Agriculture (Jinan), Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, PR China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products of the Ministry of Agriculture (Jinan), Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, PR China.
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Chen P, Pang C, Xu T, Dong P, Han H. Characterization of chemical constituents and metabolites in vivo and in vitro after oral administration of Wuteng tablets in rats by UHPLC-Q/TOF-MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5704. [PMID: 37496363 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Waste medicinal plants are widely used in drug production. With the increasing demand for botanical drugs, there is an urgent need to identify new and effective drugs and improve the utilization of medicinal plant resources. Wuteng tablets (WTP) are extracted from the stem of Schisandra chinensis and have a good therapeutic effect on Alzheimer's disease. In this study, a holistic identification strategy based on UHPLC-Q/TOF-MS was developed for the first time to investigate the metabolites and metabolic pathways involved in the in vitro metabolism and liver microsomal incubation and in the in vivo metabolic system of rats after WTP administration. After the oral administration of WTP, 21 metabolites were identified in the serum and 25 metabolites were identified in the urine, of which six were new metabolites; 33 metabolites were inferred from the microsomal metabolites in vitro. The metabolic pathways related to WTP mainly involve demethylation, hydroxylation, dehydroxylation and dehydrogenation. In this study, the metabolites and metabolic pathways of WTP were elucidated via UHPLC-Q/TOF-MS, which provided a basis for an in-depth study of the pharmacodynamic and pharmacotoxicological effects of WTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyi Chen
- College of Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Chengguo Pang
- College of Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Tianen Xu
- College of Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Peiliang Dong
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Hua Han
- College of Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Ordodi VL, Hădărugă NG, Hădărugă DI, Lukinich-Gruia AT, Mărgineanu M, Tatu CA, Păunescu V. Urine Metabolomic Signature of People Diagnosed with Balkan Endemic Nephropathy and Other Types of Chronic Kidney Disease Compared with Healthy Subjects in Romania. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050609. [PMID: 37233650 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomic analysis methods were employed to determine biomarkers for various chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). Modern analytical methods were developed and applied successfully to find a specific metabolomic profile in urine samples from CKD and Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) patients. The aim was to explore a specific metabolomic profile defined by feasible/easy-to-identify molecular markers. Urine samples were collected from patients with CKDs and BEN, and from healthy subjects from endemic and nonendemic areas in Romania. Metabolomic analysis of urine samples, extracted by the liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method, was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The statistical exploration of the results was performed through a principal component analysis (PCA) evaluation. Urine samples were statistically analyzed using a classification based on six types of metabolites. Most urinary metabolites are distributed in the center of a loading plot, meaning that these compounds do not represent significant markers for BEN. One of the most frequent and higher-concentration urinary metabolites in BEN patients was p-Cresol, a phenolic compound that implies a severe injury of the renal filtration function. The presence of p-Cresol was associated with protein-bound uremic toxins, which have specific functional groups such as indole and phenyl. In prospective studies for future investigation, prevention, and disease treatment, we suggest a larger sample size, sample extraction using other methods, and analysis using other chromatography techniques coupled with mass spectrometry, which can generate a more significant data set for statistical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin L Ordodi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Organic and Natural Compounds Engineering, Polytechnic University of Timisoara, Carol Telbisz 6, 300001 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Nicoleta G Hădărugă
- Department of Food Science, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Daniel I Hădărugă
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Organic and Natural Compounds Engineering, Polytechnic University of Timisoara, Carol Telbisz 6, 300001 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexandra T Lukinich-Gruia
- Centre for Gene and Cellular Therapies in the Treatment of Cancer-OncoGen, Clinical County Hospital Timisoara, Blvd. Liviu Rebreanu 156, 300736 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mihaela Mărgineanu
- Dialysis Center Fresenius NephroCare, 220012 Drobeta-Turnu Severin, Romania
| | - Călin A Tatu
- Centre for Gene and Cellular Therapies in the Treatment of Cancer-OncoGen, Clinical County Hospital Timisoara, Blvd. Liviu Rebreanu 156, 300736 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Functional Sciences, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Virgil Păunescu
- Centre for Gene and Cellular Therapies in the Treatment of Cancer-OncoGen, Clinical County Hospital Timisoara, Blvd. Liviu Rebreanu 156, 300736 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Functional Sciences, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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Zhang D, Lü J, Ren Z, Zhang X, Wu H, Sa R, Wang X, Wang Y, Lin Z, Zhang B. Potential cardiotoxicity induced by Euodiae Fructus: In vivo and in vitro experiments and untargeted metabolomics research. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1028046. [PMID: 36353487 PMCID: PMC9637925 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1028046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Euodiae Fructus, a well-known herbal medicine, is widely used in Asia and has also gained in popularity in Western countries over the last decades. It has known side effects, which have been observed in clinical settings, but few studies have reported on its cardiotoxicity. Methods: In the present study, experiments using techniques of untargeted metabolomics clarify the hazardous effects of Euodiae Fructus on cardiac function and metabolism in rats in situations of overdosage and unsuitable syndrome differentiation. In vitro assays are conducted to observe the toxic effects of evodiamine and rutaecarpine, two main chemical constituents of Euodiae Fructus, in H9c2 and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs), with their signaling mechanisms analyzed accordingly. Results: The cardiac cytotoxicity of evodiamine and rutaecarpine in in vivo experiments is associated with remarkable alterations in lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, and mitochondrial membrane potential; also with increased intensity of calcium fluorescence, decreased protein expression of the cGMP-PKG pathway in H9c2 cells, and frequency of spontaneous beat in NRCMs. Additionally, the results in rats with Yin deficiency receiving a high-dosage of Euodiae Fructus suggest obvious cardiac physiological dysfunction, abnormal electrocardiogram, pathological injuries, and decreased expression of PKG protein. At the level of endogenous metabolites, the cardiac side effects of overdose and irrational usage of Euodiae Fructus relate to 34 differential metabolites and 10 metabolic pathways involving among others, the purine metabolism, the glycerophospholipid metabolism, the glycerolipid metabolism, and the sphingolipid metabolism. Conclusion: These findings shed new light on the cardiotoxicity induced by Euodiae Fructus, which might be associated with overdose and unsuitable syndrome differentiation, that comes from modulating the cGMP-PKG pathway and disturbing the metabolic pathways of purine, lipid, and amino acid. Continuing research is needed to ensure pharmacovigilance for the safe administration of Chinese herbs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jintao Lü
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixin Ren
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Rational Use of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huanzhang Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rina Sa
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Rational Use of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijian Lin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Rational Use of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Rational Use of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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9
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Dong R, Zhang Y, Chen S, Wang H, Hu K, Zhao H, Tian Q, Zeng K, Wang S, Han L. Identification of key pharmacodynamic markers of American ginseng against heart failure based on metabolomics and zebrafish model. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:909084. [PMID: 36313322 PMCID: PMC9614665 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.909084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L., AG) is a traditional Chinese medicine with multiple cardiovascular protective properties. Many bioactive components have been discovered in AG over these years. However, the understanding of these key pharmacodynamic components of activity against heart failure is insufficient. Methods: A heart failure model was established using AB line wild-type zebrafish (Danio rerio) to evaluate the anti-heart failure activity of AG. Untargeted metabolomics analysis based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole electrostatic field orbitrap-mass spectrometry technology (UHPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS) was performed to screen differential components from AG samples. The potential active components were verified using the zebrafish model. Simultaneously, network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques were used to predict the possible mechanism. Finally, the key targets of six key pharmacodynamic components were verified in zebrafish using quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) techniques. Results: The heart failure model was successfully established in 48 h of post-fertilization (hpf) zebrafish larvae by treating with verapamil hydrochloride. The zebrafish assay showed that the anti-heart failure effects of AG varied with producing regions. The result of the herbal metabolomic analysis based on UHPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS indicated that ginsenoside Rg3, ginsenoside Rg5, ginsenoside Rg6, malic acid, quinic acid, L-argininosuccinic acid, 3-methyl-3-butenyl-apinosyl (1→6) glucoside, pseudoginsenoside F11, and annonaine were differential components, which might be responsible for variation in efficacy. Further analysis using zebrafish models, network pharmacology, and Q-PCR techniques showed that ginsenoside Rg3, ginsenoside Rg5, ginsenoside Rg6, malic acid, quinic acid, and pseudoginsenoside F11 were the pharmacodynamic markers (P-markers) responsible for anti-heart failure. Conclusion: We have rapidly identified the P-markers against heart failure in AG using the zebrafish model and metabolomics technology. These P-markers may provide new reference standards for quality control and new drug development of AG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Dong
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yougang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shanjun Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Kaiqing Hu
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Huanxin Zhao
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Qingping Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Science of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Kewu Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Songsong Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Songsong Wang, ; Liwen Han,
| | - Liwen Han
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Songsong Wang, ; Liwen Han,
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Chen Y, Xie Y, Li L, Wang Z, Yang L. Advances in mass spectrometry imaging for toxicological analysis and safety evaluation of pharmaceuticals. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022:e21807. [PMID: 36146929 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Safety issues caused by pharmaceuticals have frequently occurred worldwide, posing a tremendous threat to human health. As an essential part of drug development, the toxicological analysis and safety evaluation is of great significance. In addition, the risk of pharmaceuticals accumulation in the environment and the monitoring of the toxicity from natural medicines have also received ongoing concerns. Due to a lack of spatial distribution information provided by common analytical methods, analyses that provide spatial dimensions could serve as complementary safety evaluation methods for better prediction and evaluation of drug toxicity. With advances in technical solutions and software algorithms, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has received increasing attention as a popular analytical tool that enables the simultaneous implementation of qualitative, quantitative, and localization without complex sample pretreatment and labeling steps. In recent years, MSI has become more attractive, powerful, and sensitive and has been applied in several scientific fields that can meet the safety assessment requirements. This review aims to cover a detailed summary of the various MSI technologies utilized in the biomedical and pharmaceutical area, including technical principles, advantages, current status, and future trends. Representative applications and developments in the safety-related issues of different pharmaceuticals and natural medicines are also described to provide a reference for pharmaceutical research, improve rational clinical medicine use, and ensure public safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqiao Xie
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linnan Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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11
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Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Jian Pi Tiao Gan Yin Reduces Obesity in Mice by Modulating the Gut Microbiota and Fecal Metabolism. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9727889. [PMID: 35979004 PMCID: PMC9377893 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9727889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The current study employed the high-fat diet (HFD) induced murine model to assess the relationship between the effect of Jian Pi Tiao Gan Yin (JPTGY) and the alterations of gut microbiota and fecal metabolism. C57BL/6 mice were used to establish an animal model of obesity via HFD induce. Serum biochemical indicators of lipid metabolism were used to evaluate the pharmacodynamics of JPTGY in obese mice. Bacterial communities and metabolites in the feces specimens from the controls, the Group HFD, and the JPTGY-exposed corpulency group were studied by 16s rDNA genetic sequence in combination with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based untargeted fecal metabolomics techniques. Results revealed that JPTGY significantly decreased the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Moreover, JPTGY could up-regulate the abundance and diversity of fecal microbiota, which was characterized by the higher phylum of proteobacteria. Consistently, at the genus levels, JPTGY supplementation induced enrichments in Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, Oscillibacter, Turicibacter, Clostridium sensu stricto 1, and Intestinimonas, which were intimately related to 14 pivotal fecal metabolins in respond to JPTGY therapy were determined. What is more, metabolomics further analyses show that the therapeutic effect of JPTGY for obesity involves linoleic acid (LA) metabolism paths, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) metabolism paths, glycerophospholipid metabolism paths, arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism paths, and pyrimidine metabolism paths, which implied the potential mechanism of JPTGY in treating obesity. It was concluded that the linking of corpulency phenotypes with intestinal flora and fecal metabolins unveils the latent causal link of JPTGY in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and obesity.
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12
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Li P, Zhang L, Guo Z, Kang Q, Chen C, Liu X, Ma Q, Zhang J, Hu Y, Wang T. Epimedium koreanum Nakai–Induced Liver Injury—A Mechanistic Study Using Untargeted Metabolomics. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:934057. [PMID: 35910368 PMCID: PMC9326364 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.934057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epimedii Folium is widely used worldwide as an herbal supplement, and the risk of its induced liver damage has emerged in recent years. Our preliminary study has found that, among several Epimedii Folium species specified in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Epimedium koreanum Nakai has a more severe propensity for hepatotoxicity. However, the mechanism of hepatotoxicity of Epimedium koreanum Nakai is still unclear. In this study, untargeted metabolomics was performed to analyze the serum and liver tissue to explore the mechanism of hepatotoxicity of Epimedium koreanum Nakai. The results of experiments in vivo showed that, after 28 days of exposure to Epimedium koreanum Nakai ethanol extract (EEE), the liver weight, levels of AST, ALP, TBIL, etc. in serum of rats in the EEE group were significantly increased, as well as severe cytoplasmic vacuolation appeared in the liver tissue, which suggested that EEE has significant hepatotoxicity. Subsequently, the results of metabolomics revealed significant changes in the metabolic profile in the liver and serum of rats after EEE exposure, in which metabolites in serum such as flavin mononucleotide, phenylacetylglycine, glutathione, l-tryptophan, and sphingomyelin were able to accurately identify liver injury caused by EEE and could be used as serum markers to reflect EEE-induced liver injury. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that EEE caused extensive effects on rats' metabolic pathways. Some of the most affected pathways included glutathione metabolism, glutamate metabolism pathway, primary bile acid biosynthesis pathway, and sphingolipid metabolism pathway, which were all directed to the biological process of ferroptosis. Then, the main markers related to ferroptosis in the liver were examined, and the results demonstrated that the content of malondialdehyde was significantly increased, the activity of superoxide dismutase was significantly reduced, the ferroptosis inhibitory proteins GPX4 and System xc− were significantly downregulated, and the ferroptosis-promoting protein ACSL4 was significantly up-regulated. Judging from these results, we concluded that the mechanism of hepatotoxicity of Epimedium koreanum Nakai was probably related to the induction of ferroptosis in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lin Zhang
- *Correspondence: Lin Zhang, ; Ting Wang,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ting Wang
- *Correspondence: Lin Zhang, ; Ting Wang,
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13
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M Pauzi NA, Cheema MS, Ismail A, Ghazali AR, Abdullah R. Safety assessment of natural products in Malaysia: current practices, challenges, and new strategies. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2022; 37:169-179. [PMID: 34582637 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The belief that natural products are inherently safe is a primary reason for consumers to choose traditional medicines and herbal supplements for health maintenance and disease prevention. Unfortunately, some natural products on the market have been found to contain toxic compounds, such as heavy metals and microbes, as well as banned ingredients such as aristolochic acids. It shows that the existing regulatory system is inadequate and highlights the importance of thorough safety evaluations. In Malaysia, the National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Agency is responsible for the regulatory control of medicinal products and cosmetics, including natural products. For registration purpose, the safety of natural products is primarily determined through the review of documents, including monographs, research articles and scientific reports. One of the main factors hampering safety evaluations of natural products is the lack of toxicological data from animal studies. However, international regulatory agencies such as the European Food Safety Authority and the United States Food and Drug Administration are beginning to accept data obtained using alternative strategies such as non-animal predictive toxicological tools. Our paper discusses the use of state-of-the-art techniques, including chemometrics, in silico modelling and omics technologies and their applications to the safety assessments of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Azra M Pauzi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Ministry of Health, Kompleks E, Pusat Pentadbiran Kerajaan Persekutuan, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Manraj S Cheema
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Amin Ismail
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Rohi Ghazali
- Biomedical Sciences Programmes, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rozaini Abdullah
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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14
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Shen J, Shen Y. Identification of cinnabar existing in different objects using portable coupled XRF-XRD, laboratory-type XRD and micro-Raman spectroscopy: comparison of the techniques. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04858-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Cinnabar (α-HgS) is a common mineral used in various fields. The identification of cinnabar can be achieved by classic mineralogical methods and instrumental methods. X-ray diffraction (XRD) is the most reliable instrumental method for identifying material phases, but the sampling process and the immovable instrument limit its wider application in the cultural heritage field. The occurrence of Assing S. p. A. Surface Monitor, a portable system integrating X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and XRD, provides researchers with a new solution. Raw mineral, polished gemstone, pigment powder and Chinese ink stick claimed to be composed of cinnabar were measured by the system as well as laboratory-type XRD and micro-Raman techniques in this study. The qualitative XRF results were applied to determining the elements existing in the samples and thus defining the range of possible phases. Patterns obtained were compared carefully with the characteristic lines to determine the most likely phases, while the pattern appearances were compared in order to recognize the different states of cinnabar and generalize the experience for identifying cinnabar by the system. The Raman spectra obtained were compared and analyzed in order to learn the best parameters and determine the real composition of each sample. The results indicate that the XRF detector is sensitive enough to distinguish cinnabar from another red pigment, minium (Pb3O4), without destructive preparation provided that the desired phases occupy a major content in the sample, while the laser micro-Raman is even better in application range and measurement speed but correct analysis of the spectra is highly dependent on experience and literatures. The portable coupled XRF-XRD system and the micro-Raman provide researchers with convenient and efficient options to preliminarily identify minerals like cinnabar, which is significantly meaningful to several research fields including mineralogy, heritage science, material science, etc.
Article highlights
Two efficient and non-destructive methods for the preliminary identification of minerals like cinnabar were developed.
The optimum instrument parameters for the effective measurement of different cinnabar samples were given in detail.
The study provides useful data for various fields including analytical science, material science, heritage science, etc.
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15
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Tang R, Li R, Li H, Ma XL, Du P, Yu XY, Ren L, Wang LL, Zheng WS. Design of Hepatic Targeted Drug Delivery Systems for Natural Products: Insights into Nomenclature Revision of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. ACS NANO 2021; 15:17016-17046. [PMID: 34705426 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), recently renamed metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), affects a quarter of the worldwide population. Natural products have been extensively utilized in treating NAFLD because of their distinctive advantages over chemotherapeutic drugs, despite the fact that there are no approved drugs for therapy. Notably, the limitations of many natural products, such as poor water solubility, low bioavailability in vivo, low hepatic distribution, and lack of targeted effects, have severely restricted their clinical application. These issues could be resolved via hepatic targeted drug delivery systems (HTDDS) that boost clinical efficacy in treating NAFLD and decrease the adverse effects on other organs. Herein an overview of natural products comprising formulas, single medicinal plants, and their crude extracts has been presented to treat NAFLD. Also, the clinical efficacy and molecular mechanism of active monomer compounds against NAFLD are systematically discussed. The targeted delivery of natural products via HTDDS has been explored to provide a different nanotechnology-based NAFLD treatment strategy and to make suggestions for natural-product-based targeted nanocarrier design. Finally, the challenges and opportunities put forth by the nomenclature update of NAFLD are outlined along with insights into how to improve the NAFLD therapy and how to design more rigorous nanocarriers for the HTDDS. In brief, we summarize the up-to-date developments of the NAFLD-HTDDS based on natural products and provide viewpoints for the establishment of more stringent anti-NAFLD natural-product-targeted nanoformulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rou Tang
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - He Li
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Peng Du
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiao-You Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ling Ren
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lu-Lu Wang
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wen-Sheng Zheng
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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16
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Unravelling the Anticancer Mechanisms of Traditional Herbal Medicines with Metabolomics. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216541. [PMID: 34770949 PMCID: PMC8587539 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolite profiling of cancer cells presents many opportunities for anticancer drug discovery. The Chinese, Indian, and African flora, in particular, offers a diverse source of anticancer therapeutics as documented in traditional folklores. In-depth scientific information relating to mechanisms of action, quality control, and safety profile will promote their extensive usage in cancer therapy. Metabolomics may be a more holistic strategy to gain valuable insights into the anticancer mechanisms of action of plants but this has remained largely unexplored. This review, therefore, presents the available metabolomics studies on the anticancer effects of herbal medicines commonly used in Africa and Asia. In addition, we present some scientifically understudied ‘candidate plants’ for cancer metabolomics studies and highlight the relevance of metabolomics in addressing other challenges facing the drug development of anticancer herbs. Finally, we discussed the challenges of using metabolomics to uncover the underlying mechanisms of potential anticancer herbs and the progress made in this regard.
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17
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Innovation in drug toxicology: Application of mass spectrometry imaging technology. Toxicology 2021; 464:153000. [PMID: 34695509 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.153000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a powerful molecular imaging technology that can obtain qualitative, quantitative, and location information by simultaneously detecting and mapping endogenous or exogenous molecules in biological tissue slices without specific chemical labeling or complex sample pretreatment. This article reviews the progress made in MSI and its application in drug toxicology research, including the tissue distribution of toxic drugs and their metabolites, the target organs (liver, kidney, lung, eye, and central nervous system) of toxic drugs, the discovery of toxicity-associated biomarkers, and explanations of the mechanisms of drug toxicity when MSI is combined with the cutting-edge omics methodologies. The unique advantages and broad prospects of this technology have been fully demonstrated to further promote its wider use in the field of pharmaceutical toxicology.
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18
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Sakallioglu IT, Barletta RG, Dussault PH, Powers R. Deciphering the mechanism of action of antitubercular compounds with metabolomics. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:4284-4299. [PMID: 34429848 PMCID: PMC8358470 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), one of the oldest and deadliest bacterial diseases, continues to cause serious global economic, health, and social problems. Current TB treatments are lengthy, expensive, and routinely ineffective against emerging drug resistant strains. Thus, there is an urgent need for the identification and development of novel TB drugs possessing comprehensive and specific mechanisms of action (MoAs). Metabolomics is a valuable approach to elucidating the MoA, toxicity, and potency of promising chemical leads, which is a critical step of the drug discovery process. Recent advances in metabolomics methodologies for deciphering MoAs include high-throughput screening techniques, the integration of multiple omics methods, mass spectrometry imaging, and software for automated analysis. This review describes recently introduced metabolomics methodologies and techniques for drug discovery, highlighting specific applications to the discovery of new antitubercular drugs and the elucidation of their MoAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isin T. Sakallioglu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Raúl G. Barletta
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0905, USA
| | - Patrick H. Dussault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Robert Powers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
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19
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Chen H, Sha X, Luo Y, Chen J, Li X, Wang J, Cao G, Peng X. Acute and subacute toxicity evaluation of Houttuynia cordata ethanol extract and plasma metabolic profiling analysis in both male and female rats. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 41:2068-2082. [PMID: 34057207 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Houttuynia cordata has been used as a traditional medicine for more than 1500 years. It has aroused wide public concern about its safety in the past few years, for it contains various aristolactams. However, the safety of H. cordata extract remains unclear. In the present study, single dose (2000 mg/kg) and subacute (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg/day for 28 days) oral toxicity studies of the 95% ethanol extract of H. cordata (HCE) were performed in both male and female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Hematological, biochemical, histopathological parameters, and plasma metabolic profiling were assessed. The single-dose toxicity of HCE was more than 2000 mg/kg. The subacute toxicity results showed that no significant adverse effect of HCE was observed at 250 mg/kg/day. However, five rats died in 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day groups and exhibited toxicities to liver and kidney. Plasma metabolic profiling analysis suggested that a number of metabolic disturbances were induced by oral administration of HCE, focusing on energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and lipids metabolism. Moreover, it appeared that male rats were more susceptible to the toxic effects of HCE than female rats. Therefore, in this preliminary study, oral administration of HCE 250 mg/kg/day can be regarded as the no observed adverse effect level in rats over 28 days. However, long-term use of HCE with large doses exhibited some hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjiang Chen
- College of Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiuxiu Sha
- College of Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Yiyuan Luo
- College of Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianwei Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Gang Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Peng
- College of Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
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20
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Yan X, Zhao M, Zou W, Tian P, Sun L, Wang M, Zhao C. Investigation of the incompatibility of Knoxiae Radix and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in rats by 1 H NMR and MS-based untargeted metabolomic analysis. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5120. [PMID: 33749888 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Knoxiae Radix (HDJ, usually used after being processed into CHDJ) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that has been recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia for many years. It is said that Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (GC) is incompatible with HDJ, but this is unproven. In this work, nontargeted metabolomics experiments were performed on rats to evaluate the effect of the combination of the two herbals. For this, we conducted a 28-day administration in rats. The plasma, urine and kidney tissues were collected for a metabolomics study based on 1 H NMR and LC-MS. The OPLS-DA method was used to screen biomarkers. In addition, the KEGG Pathway database and MetaboAnalyst were used to find metabolic pathways. Twenty-two significant metabolites were identified. These metabolites were related to many metabolic pathways such as amino acid metabolism, synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies. Significant changes in urine creatinine levels revealed that CHDJ is nephrotoxic. When the GC-CHDJ mass ratio was 1, the toxicity was strengthened; when the GC-CHDJ' mass ratio was 3, the toxicity was alleviated. This is the first time that a metabolomics approach has been used to investigate the incompatibility of GC-CHDJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wanru Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pengyao Tian
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Miao Wang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunjie Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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21
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Gao B, Chen J, Han B, Zhang X, Hao J, Giuliano AE, Cui Y, Cui X. Identification of triptonide as a therapeutic agent for triple negative breast cancer treatment. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2408. [PMID: 33510281 PMCID: PMC7843598 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82128-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with a high rate of early recurrence and distant metastasis, frequent development of therapeutic resistance, and a poor prognosis. There is a lack of targeted therapies for this aggressive subtype of breast cancer. Identifying novel effective treatment modalities for TNBC remains an urgent and unmet clinical need. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer effect of triptonide, a natural compound derived from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, in TNBC. We found that triptonide inhibits human TNBC cell growth in vitro and growth of TNBC xenograft mammary tumors. It induces apoptosis and suppresses stem-like properties as indicated by reduced mammosphere formation and aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in TNBC cells. We show that triptonide downregulates multiple cancer stem cell-associated genes but upregulates SNAI1 gene expression. In support of SNAI1 induction as a negative feedback response to triptonide treatment, in vitro-derived triptonide-resistant HCC1806 cells display a markedly higher expression of SNAI1 compared with parental cells. Mechanistically, the increase of SNAI1 expression is mediated by the activation of JNK signaling, but not by ERK and AKT, two well-established SNAI1 regulators. Furthermore, knockdown of SNAI1 in the triptonide-resistant HCC1806 cells increases sensitivity to triptonide and reduces mammosphere formation. These results indicate that triptonide holds promise as a novel anti-tumor agent for TNBC treatment. Our study also reveals a SNAI1-associated feedback mechanism which may lead to acquired resistance to triptonide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Gao
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Davis Building 2065, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Jiongyu Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Bingchen Han
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Davis Building 2065, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Xinfeng Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Davis Building 2065, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Jijun Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Armando E Giuliano
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Davis Building 2065, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Yukun Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
| | - Xiaojiang Cui
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Davis Building 2065, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
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22
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Feng W, Liu J, Huang L, Tan Y, Peng C. Gut microbiota as a target to limit toxic effects of traditional Chinese medicine: Implications for therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:111047. [PMID: 33378954 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) are medicines that are widely used in oriental countries under the guidance of ancient Chinese medicinal philosophies. With thousands of years of experiences in fighting against diseases, TCMs are gaining increasing importance in the world. Although the efficacy of TCMs is well recognized in clinic, the toxicity of TCMs has become a serious issue around the world in recent years. In general, the toxicity of TCMs is caused by the toxic medicinal compounds and contaminants in TCMs such as pesticides, herbicides, and heavy metals. Recent studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota can interact with TCMs and thus influence the toxicity of TCMs. However, there is no focused review on gut microbiota and the toxicity of TCMs. Here, we summarized the influences of the gut microbiota on the toxicity of medicinal compounds in TCMs and the corresponding mechanisms were offered. Then, we discussed the relationships between gut microbiota and the TCM contaminants. In addition, we discussed the methods of manipulating gut microbiota to reduce the toxicity of TCMs. At the end of this review, the perspectives on gut microbiota and the toxicity of TCMs were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuwen Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lihua Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuzhu Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals the Protective Effect of a Traditional Chinese Herbal Decoction on Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8524132. [PMID: 33101449 PMCID: PMC7569447 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8524132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies have demonstrated that Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen formula (JPYSF), a traditional Chinese herbal decoction, has a renoprotective effect in 5/6 nephrectomy-induced chronic kidney injury. However, the role and potential mechanisms of JPYSF in the treatment of acute kidney injury (AKI) remain unknown. This study was designed to test the beneficial effect of JPYSF in an AKI mouse model and to investigate the underlying mechanism by using metabolomics analysis. The AKI mouse model was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin at a dose of 20 mg/kg. The mice in the treatment group were pretreated orally with JPYSF (18.35 g/kg/d) for 5 days before cisplatin injection. Seventy-two hours after cisplatin injection, serum and kidney samples were collected for biochemical and histological examination. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF/MS) was applied to analyze metabolic profiling variations in the kidney. The results showed that pretreatment with JPYSF obviously reduced the levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen and alleviated renal pathological injury in AKI mice. Orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) score plot revealed a clear separation between the AKI and AKI + JPYSF group. A total of 68 and 87 significantly differentially expressed metabolites were identified in the kidney of AKI mice responding to JPYSF treatment in negative and positive ion mode, respectively. The pivotal pathways affected by JPYSF included vitamin B6 metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, lysine biosynthesis, and butanoate metabolism. In conclusion, JPYSF can protect the kidney from cisplatin-induced AKI, which may be associated with regulating renal metabolic disorders.
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24
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Yoshimoto FK. The Proteins of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2 or n-COV19), the Cause of COVID-19. Protein J 2020; 39:198-216. [PMID: 32447571 PMCID: PMC7245191 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-020-09901-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The devastating effects of the recent global pandemic (termed COVID-19 for "coronavirus disease 2019") caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) are paramount with new cases and deaths growing at an exponential rate. In order to provide a better understanding of SARS CoV-2, this article will review the proteins found in the SARS CoV-2 that caused this global pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis K Yoshimoto
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), San Antonio, TX, 78249-0698, USA.
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25
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Zhang Q, Feng F. A novel insight into the potential toxicity mechanisms of Zhi-Zi-Hou-Po decoction by dynamic urinary metabolomics based on UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1142:122019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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26
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Liu Y, Jin Z, Qin X, Zheng Q. Urinary metabolomics research for Huangqi Jianzhong Tang against chronic atrophic gastritis rats based on 1 H NMR and UPLC-Q/TOF MS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 72:748-760. [PMID: 32128823 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Huangqi Jianzhong Tang (HQJZ) has a good efficacy in treating chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG). Our objective was to determine its mechanism based on the urine comprehensive metabolome. METHODS In the study, a metabolomic approach was applied to reveal the efficacy of HQJZ on the constructed CAG rats coupled with proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H NMR) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF MS). KEY FINDINGS The results showed the regulatory effect of HQJZ on urinary metabolism disorder in CAG rats was similar to the positive drug teprenone. Nineteen and 16 potential biomarkers related to CAG were detected by NMR and UPLC-Q/TOF MS, respectively. Thirty-two urine metabolites were significantly regulated by HQJZ treatment. Combined with MetPA and partial least square regression analysis (PLS-RA), three metabolic pathways of valine, leucine and isoleucine, TCA cycle, and glycine, serine and threonine metabolism were the most relevant pathways for HQJZ treatment. CONCLUSIONS The main mechanism of HQJZ might be due to the balance of energy consumption, inflammatory inhibition, improvement of the immune system and oxidative stress on the constructed CAG rats. These findings provided comprehensive metabolic information of TCM by parallel measurements by LC-MS and NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- YueTao Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhidong Jin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - QingXia Zheng
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
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Zhao Q, Gao X, Yan G, Zhang A, Sun H, Han Y, Li W, Liu L, Wang X. Chinmedomics facilitated quality-marker discovery of Sijunzi decoction to treat spleen qi deficiency syndrome. Front Med 2019; 14:335-356. [DOI: 10.1007/s11684-019-0705-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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28
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Cai P, Qiu H, Qi F, Zhang X. The toxicity and safety of traditional Chinese medicines: Please treat with rationality. Biosci Trends 2019; 13:367-373. [PMID: 31564696 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2019.01244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Cai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong Universityy, Ji'nan, China
| | - Hua Qiu
- Department of gynecology, Jinan Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, China
| | - Fanghua Qi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong Universityy, Ji'nan, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong Universityy, Ji'nan, China
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Cai FF, Zhou WJ, Wu R, Su SB. Systems biology approaches in the study of Chinese herbal formulae. Chin Med 2018; 13:65. [PMID: 30619503 PMCID: PMC6311004 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-018-0221-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Systems biology is an academic field that attempts to integrate different levels of information to understand how biological systems function. It is the study of the composition of all components of a biological system and their interactions under specific conditions. The core of systems biology is holistic and systematic research, which is different from the manner of thinking and research of all other branches of biology to date. Chinese herbal formulae (CHF) are the main form of Chinese medicine and are composed of single Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) with pharmacological and pharmacodynamic compatibility. When single CHMs are combined into CHF, the result is different from the original effect of a single drug and can be better adapted to more diseases with complex symptoms. CHF represent a complex system with multiple components, targets and effects. Therefore, the use of systems biology is conducive to revealing the complex characteristics of CHF. With the rapid development of omics technologies, systems biology has been widely and increasingly applied to the study of the basis of the pharmacological substances, action targets and mechanisms of CHF. To meet the challenges of multiomics synthesis-intensive studies and system dynamics research in CHF, this paper reviews the common techniques of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and metagenomics and their applications in research on CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Cai
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Wen-Jun Zhou
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Rong Wu
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Shi-Bing Su
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
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