1
|
Zafar H, Liu B, Nguyen HVT, Johnson JA. Caspase-3-Responsive, Fluorogenic Bivalent Bottlebrush Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:571-576. [PMID: 38647178 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Controlling the access of proteases to cleavable peptides placed at specific locations within macromolecular architectures represents a powerful strategy for biologically responsive materials design. Here, we report the synthesis of peptide-containing bivalent bottlebrush (co)polymers (BBPs) featuring polyethylene glycol (PEG) and 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC) pendants on each backbone repeat unit. The AMCs are linked via caspase-3-cleavable peptides which, upon enzymatic cleavage, provide a "turn-on" fluorescence signal due to the release of free AMC. Time-dependent fluorscence measurements demonstrate that the caspase-3-induced peptide cleavage and AMC release from BBPs is strongly dependent on the BBP backbone length and the AMC-peptide linker location within the BBP architecture, revealing fundamental insights into the interactions of enzymes with BBPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadiqa Zafar
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hung V-T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Signaling and Neuronal Cell Death. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315186. [PMID: 36499512 PMCID: PMC9740965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides protein processing, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has several other functions such as lipid synthesis, the transfer of molecules to other cellular compartments, and the regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis. Before leaving the organelle, proteins must be folded and post-translationally modified. Protein folding and revision require molecular chaperones and a favorable ER environment. When in stressful situations, ER luminal conditions or chaperone capacity are altered, and the cell activates signaling cascades to restore a favorable folding environment triggering the so-called unfolded protein response (UPR) that can lead to autophagy to preserve cell integrity. However, when the UPR is disrupted or insufficient, cell death occurs. This review examines the links between UPR signaling, cell-protective responses, and death following ER stress with a particular focus on those mechanisms that operate in neurons.
Collapse
|
3
|
The concept of intrinsic versus extrinsic apoptosis. Biochem J 2022; 479:357-384. [PMID: 35147165 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Regulated cell death is a vital and dynamic process in multicellular organisms that maintains tissue homeostasis and eliminates potentially dangerous cells. Apoptosis, one of the better-known forms of regulated cell death, is activated when cell-surface death receptors like Fas are engaged by their ligands (the extrinsic pathway) or when BCL-2-family pro-apoptotic proteins cause the permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane (the intrinsic pathway). Both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis lead to the activation of a family of proteases, the caspases, which are responsible for the final cell demise in the so-called execution phase of apoptosis. In this review, I will first discuss the most common types of regulated cell death on a morphological basis. I will then consider in detail the molecular pathways of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis, discussing how they are activated in response to specific stimuli and are sometimes overlapping. In-depth knowledge of the cellular mechanisms of apoptosis is becoming more and more important not only in the field of cellular and molecular biology but also for its translational potential in several pathologies, including neurodegeneration and cancer.
Collapse
|
4
|
Tang J, Chen R, Wang L, Yu L, Zuo D, Cui G, Gong X. Melatonin Attenuates Thrombin-induced Inflammation in BV2 Cells and Then Protects HT22 Cells from Apoptosis. Inflammation 2021; 43:1959-1970. [PMID: 32705396 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01270-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has revealed that the uncontrolled thrombin-induced inflammation following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) plays a key role in ICH. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory responses are interdependent and bidirectional events. Melatonin is now recognized as an antioxidant and a free radical scavenger due to its roles in various physiological and pathological processes. The aim of this study was to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of melatonin on thrombin-induced microglial inflammation and its indirect protection of HT22 cells from p53-associated apoptosis. Melatonin treatment attenuated the expression of IL-1β, IL-18, cleaved caspase-1, and NLRP3 and decreased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), revealing its inhibitory effects against ROS-NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In further experiments investigating the protection conferred by melatonin, incubating HT22 cells with conditioned medium (CM) from thrombin-stimulated microglia induced HT22 cell apoptosis, and this effect was reversed after treating CM with either melatonin or N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). Additionally, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and the levels of cleaved caspase-3 and p53 were markedly lower in the cells cultured in thrombin + melatonin-CM than in the cells cultured in thrombin-CM. Furthermore, the levels of MMP, ROS, SOD, MDA, and GSH-PX in bystander HT22 cells suggested that melatonin decreased HT22 cell apoptosis instigated via the p53-associated apoptotic pathway. Therefore, these findings strongly indicate the anti-inflammatory properties of melatonin that may suppress ROS-NLRP3 inflammasome activation and protect HT22 cells against apoptosis by inhibiting the ROS-mediated p53-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Tang
- Department of Neurology, Yan Cheng City No.1 People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an and The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Hematology, Yan Cheng City No.1 People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dandan Zuo
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guiyun Cui
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xiaoqian Gong
- Department of Neurology, Yan Cheng City No.1 People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
So IS, Kang JH, Hong JW, Sung S, Hasan AF, Sa KH, Han SW, Kim IS, Kang YM. A novel apoptosis probe, cyclic ApoPep-1, for in vivo imaging with multimodal applications in chronic inflammatory arthritis. Apoptosis 2021; 26:209-218. [PMID: 33655467 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-021-01659-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis plays an essential role in the pathophysiologic processes of rheumatoid arthritis. A molecular probe that allows spatiotemporal observation of apoptosis in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo concomitantly would be useful to monitoring or predicting pathophysiologic stages. In this study we investigated whether cyclic apoptosis-targeting peptide-1 (CApoPep-1) can be used as an apoptosis imaging probe in inflammatory arthritis. We tested the utility of CApoPep-1 for detecting apoptotic immune cells in vitro and ex vivo using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. The feasibility of visualizing and quantifying apoptosis using this probe was evaluated in a murine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model, especially after treatment. CApoPep-1 peptide may successfully replace Annexin V for in vitro and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay for ex vivo in the measurement of apoptotic cells, thus function as a sensitive probe enough to be used clinically. In vivo imaging in CIA mice revealed that CApoPep-1 had 42.9 times higher fluorescence intensity than Annexin V for apoptosis quantification. Furthermore, it may be used as an imaging probe for early detection of apoptotic response in situ after treatment. The CApoPep-1 signal was mostly co-localized with the TUNEL signal (69.6% of TUNEL+ cells) in defined cell populations in joint tissues of CIA mice. These results demonstrate that CApoPep-1 is sufficiently sensitive to be used as an apoptosis imaging probe for multipurpose applications which could detect the same target across in vitro, in vivo, to ex vivo in inflammatory arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- In-Seop So
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Wan Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Shijin Sung
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Al Faruque Hasan
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Keum Hee Sa
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Woo Han
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - In San Kim
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mo Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Q, Zhu Q, Ye Q, Wang J, Dong Q, Chen Y, Wang M, Fu Y, Wu R, Wu T. STAT3 Suppresses Cardiomyocytes Apoptosis in CVB3-Induced Myocarditis Via Survivin. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:613883. [PMID: 33658937 PMCID: PMC7919905 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.613883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Viral myocarditis (VMC) is a common inflammatory cardiovascular disease with unclear mechanisms, which mainly affects children and adolescents. Apoptosis is the key to CVB3-induced myocarditis, and blocking this process may be beneficial to the therapy of VMC. Hence, this study aimed to explore the protective function of STAT3 on cardiomyocyte apoptosis of VMC and its underlying mechanisms. Methods and Results: In this research, we confirmed that STAT3 was significantly activated in both animal and cell models of VMC. To further clarify what role did STAT3 play in VMC, AG490, an inhibitor of STAT3, was used to suppress p-STAT3. Our results demonstrated that decreased expression of p-STAT3 caused by AG490 significantly aggravated severity of VMC with elevated myocardial inflammation, deteriorative ventricular systolic function and increased mortality. It suggested that STAT3 plays a protective role in VMC. To further identify the anti-apoptosis impact that activated STAT3 made, we constructed lentivirus to regulate the expression of STAT3 in NMCs. We found that up-regulated activated STAT3 attenuated cardiomyocyte apoptosis, but down-regulated one aggravated that, which verified activated STAT3 played an anti-apoptosis role in VMC. Following that, we explored what elements are involved in the anti-apoptotic mechanism of activated STAT3 by using survivin inhibitor YM155. The result showed the anti-apoptotic effect of activated STAT3 does not work in the case of survivin inhibition. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated STAT3 by targeting survivin alleviated cardiomyocyte apoptosis in CVB3-induced myocarditis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyu Wang
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiongjun Zhu
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiaofang Ye
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiajun Wang
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Dong
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Youran Chen
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Minna Wang
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Rongzhou Wu
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yoon S, Pan Y, Shung K, Wang Y. FRET-Based Ca 2+ Biosensor Single Cell Imaging Interrogated by High-Frequency Ultrasound. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20174998. [PMID: 32899249 PMCID: PMC7506572 DOI: 10.3390/s20174998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensors have advanced live cell imaging by dynamically visualizing molecular events with high temporal resolution. FRET-based biosensors with spectrally distinct fluorophore pairs provide clear contrast between cells during dual FRET live cell imaging. Here, we have developed a new FRET-based Ca2+ biosensor using EGFP and FusionRed fluorophores (FRET-GFPRed). Using different filter settings, the developed biosensor can be differentiated from a typical FRET-based Ca2+ biosensor with ECFP and YPet (YC3.6 FRET Ca2+ biosensor, FRET-CFPYPet). A high-frequency ultrasound (HFU) with a carrier frequency of 150 MHz can target a subcellular region due to its tight focus smaller than 10 µm. Therefore, HFU offers a new single cell stimulations approach for FRET live cell imaging with precise spatial resolution and repeated stimulation for longitudinal studies. Furthermore, the single cell level intracellular delivery of a desired FRET-based biosensor into target cells using HFU enables us to perform dual FRET imaging of a cell pair. We show that a cell pair is defined by sequential intracellular delivery of the developed FRET-GFPRed and FRET-CFPYPet into two target cells using HFU. We demonstrate that a FRET-GFPRed exhibits consistent 10–15% FRET response under typical ionomycin stimulation as well as under a new stimulation strategy with HFU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangpil Yoon
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-514-631-6510
| | - Yijia Pan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92092, USA; (Y.P.); (Y.W.)
| | - Kirk Shung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
| | - Yingxiao Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92092, USA; (Y.P.); (Y.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lossi L, Merighi A, Novello V, Ferrandino A. Protective Effects of Some Grapevine Polyphenols against Naturally Occurring Neuronal Death. Molecules 2020; 25:E2925. [PMID: 32630488 PMCID: PMC7356852 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest in the biological properties of grapevine polyphenols (PPs) in neuroprotection is continuously growing in the hope of finding translational applications. However, there are several concerns about the specificity of action of these molecules that appear to act non-specifically on the permeability of cellular membranes. Naturally occurring neuronal death (NOND) during cerebellar maturation is a well characterized postnatal event that is very useful to investigate the death and rescue of neurons. We here aimed to establish a baseline comparative study of the potential to counteract NOND of certain grapevine PPs of interest for the oenology. To do so, we tested ex vivo the neuroprotective activity of peonidin- and malvidin-3-O-glucosides, resveratrol, polydatin, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, (+)-taxifolin, and (+)-catechin. The addition of these molecules (50 μM) to organotypic cultures of mouse cerebellum explanted at postnatal day 7, when NOND reaches a physiological peak, resulted in statistically significant (two-tailed Mann-Whitney test-p < 0.001) reductions of the density of dead cells (propidium iodide+ cells/mm2) except for malvidin-3-O-glucoside. The stilbenes were less effective in reducing cell death (to 51-60%) in comparison to flavanols, (+)-taxifolin and quercetin 3-O-glucoside (to 69-72%). Thus, molecules with a -OH group in ortho position (taxifolin, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, (+)-catechin, and peonidin 3-O-glucoside) have a higher capability to limit death of cerebellar neurons. As NOND is apoptotic, we speculate that PPs act by inhibiting executioner caspase 3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lossi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences (DSV), University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Adalberto Merighi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences (DSV), University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Vittorino Novello
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Alessandra Ferrandino
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhou X, He G, Ma J, Tang M, Tian G, Gong X, Zhang H, Kui L. Protective Effect of a Novel Polysaccharide from Lonicera japonica on Cardiomyocytes of Mice Injured by Hydrogen Peroxide. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5279193. [PMID: 32685499 PMCID: PMC7333056 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5279193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lonicera japonica is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with antioxidation, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and immunoregulation functions. A method to isolate polysaccharides from Lonicera japonica (LJP) has been reported previously by our group. We also reported previously that LJP was consisted of 6 types of monosaccharides and had the characteristic absorption of typical polysaccharides. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of LJP on cardiomyocytes of mice injured by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The results showed that LJP can increase the cardiomyocyte viability and the activities of the enzyme (SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, AST, CPK, and LDH) in cardiomyocytes of mice injured by hydrogen peroxide. The results of intracellular ROS contents showed that a high dose (40 μg mL-1) of LJP had the best effects on protecting the cardiomyocytes of mice injured by H2O2. In addition, the measurement results of the cardiomyocyte apoptosis and the activity of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 in cardiomyocytes confirmed this conclusion from another perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drug Engineering of Anhui, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, China
| | - Gui He
- Guangzhou LBP Medicine Science and Technology Co. Ltd., 510663 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinming Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Min Tang
- Genesis (Beijing) Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Geng Tian
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Xun Gong
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Huajun Zhang
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 116026, China
| | - Ling Kui
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wu R, Wu T, Li P, Wang Q, Shi Y, Zhan Y, Zhang S, Xia T, Wang Z, Lv H. The protection effects of survivin in the cell model of CVB3-induced viral myocarditis. Heart Vessels 2020; 35:1171-1179. [PMID: 32328712 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-020-01607-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Viral myocarditis (VMC) is a widely studied but poorly understood inflammatory cardiomyopathy which mainly affects children and young adults and results in adverse outcomes. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was reported important in the progress of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced VMC and the blocking of this process may contribute to the therapeutic effect towards VMC. Therefore, this study was designed to explore whether survivin, one of the strongest antiapoptotic proteins, can protect cardiomyocytes from apoptosis in VMC and to discover its related mechanisms. Here, the cultured neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes (NMCs) were exposed to CVB3 to establish the cell model of VMC and the results of Western Blot showed that the protein expression of survivin in CVB3-infected NMCs varied at different post-infection time. Lentivirus was next used to examine the function of survivin in CVB3-infected NMCs. TUNEL assay demonstrated that the overexpression of survivin interrupted CVB3-induced apoptosis. It was next examined whether caspase-3 and -9 were involved in the antiapoptotic pathway initiated by survivin via Western Blot. The results showed a reverse relationship between the protein expression of survivin and that of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9, suggesting that survivin may attenuate apoptosis through restraining the activity of caspase-3 and -9. Moreover, the supernatant fluid of cultured NMCs was extracted to detect the quantitation of released lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and a sharp decrease was discovered in the survivin-overexpressed group compared to the CVB3-infected group, indicating a protective role of survivin in the cell model of CVB3-induced myocarditis. This study demonstrated that survivin was triggered by CVB3 infection in NMCs and survivin executed its antiapoptotic effects via caspase-3- and caspase-9-dependent signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongzhou Wu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ping Li
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiaoyu Wang
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Youyang Shi
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Zhan
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Songyue Zhang
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianhe Xia
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenquan Wang
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haitao Lv
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li W, Cao J, Liu J, Chu W, Zhang C, Chen S, Kang Z. Downregulation of CDKL1 suppresses neuroblastoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2019; 24:19. [PMID: 30891073 PMCID: PMC6407201 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-019-0139-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 1 (CDKL1) is a member of the cell division control protein 2-related serine–threonine protein kinase family. It is known to occur in various malignant tumors, but its role in neuroblastoma (NB) remains unclear. Methods We constructed a CDKL1-silenced NB cell strain (SH-SY5Y) and used real-time PCR and western blotting to confirm the silencing. Functional analyses were performed using the MTT, colony-formation, FACS, wound-healing and transwell invasion assays. Results The expression of CDKL1 was significantly upregulated in NB tissue as compared to the adjacent normal tissue. CDKL1 knockdown significantly suppressed cell viability and colony formation ability. It also induced cell cycle G0/G1 phase arrest and apoptosis, and suppressed the migration and invasion ability of SH-SY5Y cells. CDKL1 knockdown decreased the CDK4, cyclin D1 and vimentin expression levels, and increased the caspase-3, PARP and E-cadherin expression levels in SH-SY5Y cells. Conclusions Our findings suggest that CDKL1 plays an important role in NB cell proliferation, migration and invasion. It might serve as a potential target for NB therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Li
- 1Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No 33 Lugu Road, Shijingshan district, Beijing, 100040 China
| | - Jing Cao
- Yinan Branch of Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong China
| | - Jian Liu
- 1Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No 33 Lugu Road, Shijingshan district, Beijing, 100040 China
| | - Wenli Chu
- 1Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No 33 Lugu Road, Shijingshan district, Beijing, 100040 China
| | - Congqing Zhang
- 1Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No 33 Lugu Road, Shijingshan district, Beijing, 100040 China
| | - Shuiling Chen
- 1Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No 33 Lugu Road, Shijingshan district, Beijing, 100040 China
| | - Zefeng Kang
- 1Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No 33 Lugu Road, Shijingshan district, Beijing, 100040 China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Combining Optical Approaches with Human Inducible Pluripotent Stem Cells in G Protein-Coupled Receptor Drug Screening and Development. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8040180. [PMID: 30567417 PMCID: PMC6315445 DOI: 10.3390/biom8040180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug discovery for G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) stands at an interesting juncture. Screening programs are slowly moving away from model heterologous cell systems such as human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells to more relevant cellular, tissue and whole animal platforms. Investigators are now developing analytical approaches as means to undertake different aspects of drug discovery by scaling into increasingly more relevant models all the way down to the single cell level. Such approaches include cellular, tissue slice and whole animal models where biosensors that track signaling events and receptor conformational profiles can be used. Here, we review aspects of biosensor-based imaging approaches that might be used in inducible pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) and organoid models, and focus on how such models must be characterized in order to apply them in drug screening.
Collapse
|
13
|
Caspase-3 Mediated Cell Death in the Normal Development of the Mammalian Cerebellum. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123999. [PMID: 30545052 PMCID: PMC6321612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Caspase-3, onto which there is a convergence of the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways, is the main executioner of apoptosis. We here review the current literature on the intervention of the protease in the execution of naturally occurring neuronal death (NOND) during cerebellar development. We will consider data on the most common altricial species (rat, mouse and rabbit), as well as humans. Among the different types of neurons and glia in cerebellum, there is ample evidence for an intervention of caspase-3 in the regulation of NOND of the post-mitotic cerebellar granule cells (CGCs) and Purkinje neurons, as a consequence of failure to establish proper synaptic contacts with target (secondary cell death). It seems possible that the GABAergic interneurons also undergo a similar type of secondary cell death, but the intervention of caspase-3 in this case still remains to be clarified in full. Remarkably, CGCs also undergo primary cell death at the precursor/pre-migratory stage of differentiation, in this instance without the intervention of caspase-3. Glial cells, as well, undergo a process of regulated cell death, but it seems possible that expression of caspase-3, at least in the Bergmann glia, is related to differentiation rather than death.
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu FF, Zhao S, Liu P, Huo SP. Influence of mTOR signaling pathway on ketamine-induced injuries in the hippocampal neurons of rats. Neurol Res 2018; 41:77-86. [PMID: 30373500 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2018.1531203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the influences of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway on ketamine-induced apoptosis, oxidative stress and Ca2+ concentration in the hippocampal neurons of rats. METHODS The primary hippocampal neurons isolated from fetal Sprague Dawley rats were treated with ketamine (0, 50, 100 and 500 μM) for 4 days to observe its effect on mTOR signaling pathway and apoptosis of rat hippocampal neurons. Then, the hippocampal neurons were divided into C (Control), R (Rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR signaling pathway), K (Ketamine) and R + K (Rapamycin + Ketamine) groups to detect the apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and Ca2+ concentration via the terminal transferase uridyl nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay, dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) method and Fluo-3 acetoxymethyl ester (Fluo-3AM) staining, respectively. The expressions of mTOR signaling pathway and apoptosis-related proteins in hippocampal neurons were examined by qRT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS Ketamine could dose-dependently promote the apoptosis of rat hippocampal neurons with upregulation of p-mTOR and its downstream regulators (p-4E-BP-1 and p-p70S6K). However, ketamine-induced apoptosis in hippocampal neurons was reversed significantly by the administration of rapamycin, as evident by the decrease in expressions of pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax and cleaved Caspase-3) and the increase in anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2). Meanwhile, the ROS generation and Ca2+ concentration was inhibited accompanied with reduced malonildialdehyde levels but elevated superoxide and glutathione peroxidase activities. CONCLUSION Inhibition of mTOR signaling pathway protected rat hippocampal neurons from ketamine-induced injuries via reducing apoptosis, oxidative stress, as well as Ca2+ concentration. ABBREVIATIONS mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin; SD: Sprague-Dawley; SPF: Specific-pathogen free; ROS: reactive oxygen species; TUNEL: terminal transferase uridyl nick end labelling; DCFH-DA: Dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate; Fluo-3A: Fluo-3 acetoxymethyl ester; NMDAR: non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartame glutamate receptor; 4E-BP1: 4E binding protein 1; p70S6K: p70 S6 Kinase; PCR: Polymerase chain reaction; MDA: malonildialdehyde; GSH-PX: glutathione peroxidase; ANOVA: One-way Analysis of Variance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Liu
- a Department of Anesthesiology , Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- a Department of Anesthesiology , Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , China
| | - Peng Liu
- a Department of Anesthesiology , Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , China
| | - Shu-Ping Huo
- a Department of Anesthesiology , Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sistla JC, Morla S, Alabbas AHB, Kalathur RC, Sharon C, Patel BB, Desai UR. Polymeric fluorescent heparin as one-step FRET substrate of human heparanase. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 205:385-391. [PMID: 30446119 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Heparanase, an endo-β-D-glucuronidase, cleaves cell surface and extracellular matrix heparan sulfate (HS) chains and plays important roles in cellular growth and metastasis. Heparanase assays reported to-date are labor intensive, complex and/or expensive. A simpler assay is critically needed to understand the myriad roles of heparanase. We reasoned that fluorescent heparin could serve as an effective probe of heparanase levels. Following synthesis and screening, a heparin preparation labeled with DABCYL and EDANS was identified, which exhibited a characteristic increase in signal following cleavage by human heparanase. This work describes the synthesis of this heparin substrate, its kinetic and spectrofluorometric properties, optimization of the heparanase assay, use of the assay in inhibitor screening, and elucidation of the state of heparanase in different cell lines. Our FRET-based assay is much simpler and more robust than all assays reported in the literature as well as a commercially available kit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyothi C Sistla
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - Shravan Morla
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - Al-Humaidi B Alabbas
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - Ravi C Kalathur
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Chetna Sharon
- Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23249, USA
| | - Bhaumik B Patel
- Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23249, USA; Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Palliative Care, Department of Internal Medicine and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Umesh R Desai
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lossi L, Merighi A. The Use of ex Vivo Rodent Platforms in Neuroscience Translational Research With Attention to the 3Rs Philosophy. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:164. [PMID: 30073174 PMCID: PMC6060265 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The principles of the 3Rs—Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement—are at the basis of most advanced national and supranational (EU) regulations on animal experimentation and welfare. In the perspective to reduce and refine the use of these animals in translational research, we here discuss the use of rodent acute and organotypically cultured central nervous system slices. We describe novel applications of these ex vivo platforms in medium-throughput screening of neuroactive molecules of potential pharmacological interest, with particular attention to more recent developments that permit to fully exploit the potential of direct genetic engineering of organotypic cultures using transfection techniques. We then describe the perspectives for expanding the use ex vivo platforms in neuroscience studies under the 3Rs philosophy using the following approaches: (1) Use of co-cultures of two brain regions physiologically connected to each other (source-target) to analyze axon regeneration and reconstruction of circuitries; (2) Microinjection or co-cultures of primary cells and/or cell lines releasing one or more neuroactive molecules to screen their physiological and/or pharmacological effects onto neuronal survival and slice circuitry. Microinjected or co-cultured cells are ideally made fluorescent after transfection with a plasmid construct encoding green or red fluorescent protein under the control of a general promoter such as hCMV; (3) Use of “sniffer” cells sensing the release of biologically active molecules from organotypic cultures by means of fluorescent probes. These cells can be prepared with activatable green fluorescent protein, a unique chromophore that remains in a “dark” state because its maturation is inhibited, and can be made fluorescent (de-quenched) if specific cellular enzymes, such as proteases or kinases, are activated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lossi
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Adalberto Merighi
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cilz NI, Porter JE, Lei S. A protocol for preparation and transfection of rat entorhinal cortex organotypic cultures for electrophysiological whole-cell recordings. MethodsX 2017; 4:360-371. [PMID: 29071214 PMCID: PMC5651549 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how neuromodulators influence synaptic transmission and intrinsic excitability within the entorhinal cortex (EC) is critical to furthering our understanding of the molecular and cellular aspects of this region. Organotypic cultures can provide a cost-effective means to employ selective molecular biological strategies in elucidating cellular mechanisms of neuromodulation in the EC. We therefore adapted our acute slice model for organotypic culture applications and optimized a protocol for the preparation and biolistic transfection of cultured horizontal EC slices. Here, we present our detailed protocol for culturing EC slices. Using an n-methyl-d-glucamine (NMDG)-containing cutting solution, we obtain healthy EC slice cultures for electrophysiological recordings. We also present our protocol for the preparation of "bullets" carrying one or more constructs and demonstrate successful transfection of EC slices. We build upon previous methods and highlight specific aspects in our method that greatly improved the quality of our results. We validate our methods using immunohistochemical, imaging, and electrophysiological techniques. The novelty of this method is that it provides a description of culturing and transfection of EC neurons for specifically addressing their functionality. This method will enable researchers interested in entorhinal function to quickly adopt a similar slice culture transfection system for their own investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas I Cilz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - James E Porter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Saobo Lei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lin J, Jing L, Zhu H, Dong FS. Fundamental research on the action mechanism of the 800 nm semiconductor laser on skin blackheads and coarse pores. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:235-241. [PMID: 28428827 PMCID: PMC5396829 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the mechanism of action of the 800 nm
semiconductor laser on skin blackheads and coarse pores. A total of 24 healthy
purebred short-haired male guinea pigs, weighing 350–400 g, were selected and
smeared with 0.5 ml coal tar suspension evenly by injector once daily. Treatment was
continued for 14 days to form an experimental area of 8×3 cm on the back of
the guinea pigs. The animals were divided into the following groups: Normal control
group (NC), low-dose laser treatment group (L-LS), high-dose laser treatment group
(H-LS), and Q-switched Nd:YAG treatment group (QC). Samples were extracted 1, 7 and
14 days after surgery and hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to identify the
following: Epidermis, dermis, sebaceous gland change and hair follicle damage; the
expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) of sebaceous gland cells
using immunohistochemistry; sebaceous gland cell apoptosis using TUNEL; and the
protein expression of caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 using western blot analysis. With the
extension of time, we observed inflammatory cell infiltration, an increase in hair
follicle distortion and necrosis of the surrounding hair follicles. The expression
levels of PCNA of the L-LS, H-LS and QC groups decreased with time. Regarding the
respective time points, the NC group was highest, the L-LS and H-LS groups were next
highest and the H-LS group was lowest. The difference was statistically significant
(P<0.05). The apoptotic rate of the L-LS, H-LS and QC groups increased with
time. With regard to the respective time points, the NC group was lowest, the L-LS
and QC groups were next lowest and the H-LS group was highest. The difference was
statistically significant (P<0.05). The protein expression of caspase-3, Bax
and Bcl-2 of the L-LS, H-LS and QC groups increased with time. Regarding the
respective time points, caspase-3 and Bax protein expression of the NC group was
lowest, the L-LS and QC groups were next lowest and the H-LS group was highest. Bcl-2
protein expression of the NC group was highest, protein expression of the NC group
was next highest and the H-LS group was lowest. The difference was statistically
significant (P<0.05). In conclusion, the low-dose 800 nm semiconductor laser
is an effective treatment on skin blackheads and coarse pores, and promotes hair
follicle cell apoptosis without reducing the expression of PCNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lin
- Department of Surgery, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Li Jing
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Sheng Dong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Meesorn W, Shirole A, Vanhecke D, de Espinosa LM, Weder C. A Simple and Versatile Strategy To Improve the Mechanical Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites with Cellulose Nanocrystals. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Worarin Meesorn
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Anuja Shirole
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Vanhecke
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chen D, Dai F, Chen Z, Wang S, Cheng X, Sheng Q, Lin J, Chen W. Dimethoxy Curcumin Induces Apoptosis by Suppressing Survivin and Inhibits Invasion by Enhancing E-Cadherin in Colon Cancer Cells. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:3215-22. [PMID: 27614381 PMCID: PMC5021015 DOI: 10.12659/msm.900802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dimethoxy curcumin (DMC) is a kind of lipophilic analog of curcumin with great improvement in chemical and metabolic stability. DMC has been studied in breast and renal cancer, but no research in colon cancer has been found yet. Material/Methods Two colon cancer cells (HT-29 and SW480) and one normal human colon mucosal epithelial cell (NCM460) were used in this study. We studied the effect of DMC on the proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Transwell migration assay was used to estimate the inhibition of DMC on invasion. Moreover, the expressions of PARP, caspase-3, survivin and E-cadherin were detected to uncover the related signaling pathways by western blotting assay both in vitro and in vivo. Results DMC significantly inhibited the growth of colon cancer cells in dose-dependent manner; IC50 for DMC was calculated to be 43.4, 28.2 and 454.8μM on HT-29, SW480 and NCM460. DMC significantly increased the apoptosis in both HT-29 (p=0.0051) and SW480 (p=0.0013) cells in vitro, and significantly suppressed the growth of both cell lines in vivo. Moreover, DMC reduced the number of migrated cells in both HT-29 (p=0.007) and SW480 (p=0.004) cells. By western blotting analysis, the cleavage of pro-caspases-3 and PARP were clearly induced by DMC to their active form, while the expression of survivin was reduced and E-cadherin was enhanced in both cells in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions DMC may exert an effective anti-tumor effect in colon cancer cells by down-regulating survivin and upregulating E-cadherin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Fang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China (mainland)
| | - Zhehang Chen
- College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Saisai Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaobin Cheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Qinsong Sheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jianjiang Lin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Beghein E, Van Audenhove I, Zwaenepoel O, Verhelle A, De Ganck A, Gettemans J. A new survivin tracer tracks, delocalizes and captures endogenous survivin at different subcellular locations and in distinct organelles. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31177. [PMID: 27514728 PMCID: PMC4981888 DOI: 10.1038/srep31177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Survivin, the smallest member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, plays a central role during mitosis and exerts a cytoprotective function. Survivin is highly expressed in most cancer types and contributes to multiple facets of carcinogenesis. The molecular mechanisms underlying its highly diverse functions need to be extensively explored, which is crucial for rational design of future personalized therapeutics. In this study, we have generated an alpaca survivin nanobody (SVVNb8) that binds with low nanomolar affinity to its target. When expressed as an intrabody in HeLa cells, SVVNb8 faithfully tracks survivin during different phases of mitosis without interfering with survivin function. Furthermore, coupling SVVNb8 with a subcellular delocalization tag efficiently redirects endogenous survivin towards the nucleus, the cytoplasm, peroxisomes and even to the intermembrane space of mitochondria where it presumably interacts with resident mitochondrial survivin. Based on our findings, we believe that SVVNb8 is an excellent instrument to further elucidate survivin biology and topography, and can serve as a model system to investigate mitochondrial and peroxisomal (survivin) protein import.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Els Beghein
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus Rommelaere, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Isabel Van Audenhove
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus Rommelaere, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier Zwaenepoel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus Rommelaere, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Adriaan Verhelle
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus Rommelaere, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ariane De Ganck
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus Rommelaere, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Gettemans
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus Rommelaere, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|